[edit]

• 1401 – Turco-Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus.
• 1603 – James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England and Ireland, upon the death of Elizabeth I.
• 1603 – Tokugawa Ieyasu is granted the title of shogun from Emperor Go-Yōzei, and establishes the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo, Japan.
• 1663 – The Province of Carolina is granted by charter to eight Lords Proprietor in reward for their assistance in restoring Charles II of England to the throne.
• 1707 – The Acts of Union 1707 are signed, officially uniting the Kingdoms and parliaments of England and Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.
• 1720 – Count Frederick of Hesse-Kassel is elected King of Sweden by the Riksdag of the Estates, after his consort Ulrika Eleonora abdicated the throne on 29 February. She had been wanting to rule jointly with her husband in the same manner as William and Mary in the British Isles, but after the Riksdag of the Estates said no to this, she chose to abdicate the throne in his favour instead.
• 1721 – Johann Sebastian Bach dedicated six concertos to Margrave Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg-Schwedt, now commonly called the Brandenburg Concertos, BWV 1046–1051.
• 1731 – Naturalization of Hieronimus de Salis Parliamentary Act is passed.
• 1765 – American Revolution: Great Britain passes the Quartering Act, which requires the Thirteen Colonies to house British troops.
• 1829 – Catholic emancipation: The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829, allowing Catholics to serve in Parliament.
• 1832 – In Hiram, Ohio, a group of men beat and tar and feather Mormon leader Joseph Smith.
• 1837 – Canada gives African Canadian men the right to vote.
• 1854 – Slavery is abolished in Venezuela.
• 1860 – Sakuradamon Incident: Assassination of Japanese Chief Minister (Tairō) Ii Naosuke.
• 1869 – The last of Titokowaru's forces surrendered to the New Zealand government, ending his uprising.
• 1878 – The British frigate HMS Eurydice sinks, killing more than 300.
• 1882 – Robert Koch announces the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis.
• 1885 – Sino-French War: Chinese victory in the Battle of Bang Bo on the Tonkin–Guangxi border.
• 1896 – A. S. Popov makes the first radio signal transmission in history.
• 1900 – Mayor of New York City Robert Anderson Van Wyck breaks ground for a new underground "Rapid Transit Railroad" that would link Manhattan and Brooklyn.
• 1907 – The first issue of the Georgian Bolshevik newspaper Dro is published.
• 1922 – Irish War of Independence: In Belfast, Northern Irish policemen break into the home of a Catholic family and shoot eight males inside, killing six.
• 1927 – Nanking Incident: Foreign warships bombard Nanjing, China, in defense of the foreign citizens within the city.
• 1934 – United States Congress passes the Tydings–McDuffie Act, allowing the Philippines to become a self-governing commonwealth.
• 1944 – Ardeatine massacre: German troops murder 335 Italian civilians in Rome.
• 1944 – World War II: In an event later dramatized in the movie The Great Escape, 76 Allied prisoners of war begin breaking out of the German camp Stalag Luft III.
• 1946 – The British Cabinet Mission, consisting of Lord Pethick-Lawrence, Sir Stafford Cripps and A. V. Alexander, arrives in India to discuss and plan for the transfer of power from the British Raj to Indian leadership.
• 1958 – Rock 'n' roll teen idol Elvis Presley is drafted in the U.S. Army.
• 1959 – The Party of the African Federation is launched by Léopold Sédar Senghor and Modibo Keïta.
• 1965 – NASA spacecraft Ranger 9, equipped to convert its signals into a form suitable for showing on domestic television, brings images of the Moon into ordinary homes before crash landing.
• 1972 – The United Kingdom imposes direct rule over Northern Ireland.
• 1973 – Kenyan athlete Kip Keino defeats Jim Ryun at the first-ever professional track meet in Los Angeles.
• 1976 – In Argentina, the armed forces overthrow the constitutional government of President Isabel Perón and start a 7-year dictatorial period self-styled the National Reorganization Process. Since 2006, a public holiday known as Day of Remembrance for Truth and Justice is held on this day.
• 1980 – Archbishop Óscar Romero is killed while celebrating Mass in San Salvador.
• 1986 – The Loscoe gas explosion leads to new UK laws on landfill gas migration and gas protection on landfill sites.
• 1989 – Exxon Valdez oil spill: In Prince William Sound in Alaska, the Exxon Valdez spills 240,000 barrels (38,000 m³) of crude oil after running aground.
• 1993 – Discovery of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9.
• 1998 – Jonesboro massacre: Mitchell Johnson and Andrew Golden, aged 11 and 13 respectively, fire upon teachers and students at Westside Middle School in Jonesboro, Arkansas; five people are killed and ten are wounded.
• 1998 – A tornado sweeps through Dantan in India, killing 250 people and injuring 3000 others.
• 1998 – First Computer-assisted Bone Segment Navigation, performed at the University of Regensburg, Germany
• 1999 – Mont Blanc Tunnel fire kills 39 people.
• 1999 – Kosovo War: NATO commences aerial bombardment against Yugoslavia, marking the first time NATO has attacked a sovereign country.
• 2000 – S&P 500 index reaches an intraday high of 1,552.87, a peak that, due to the collapse of the dot-com bubble, it will not reach again for another seven-and-a-half years.
• 2003 – The Arab League votes 21–1 in favor of a resolution demanding the immediate and unconditional removal of U.S. and British soldiers from Iraq.
• 2008 – Bhutan officially becomes a democracy, with its first ever general election.
• 2014 – A train overruns the buffers at Chicago O'Hare Airport station, injuring 32 people.
• 2015 – Germanwings Flight 9525 crashes in the French Alps in an apparent mass murder-suicide, killing all 150 people on board.

Births[edit]

• 1494 – Georgius Agricola, German mineralogist and scholar (d. 1555)
• 1607 – Michiel de Ruyter, Dutch admiral (d. 1667)
• 1628 – Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1685)
• 1657 – Arai Hakuseki, Japanese academic and politician (d. 1725)
• 1693 – John Harrison, English carpenter and clock-maker, invented the Marine chronometer (d. 1776)
• 1725 – Samuel Ashe, American lawyer and politician, 9th Governor of North Carolina (d. 1813)
• 1725 – Thomas Cushing, American lawyer and politician, 1st Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1788)
• 1740 – John Antes, American missionary and composer (d. 1811)
• 1755 – Rufus King, American lawyer and politician, United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (d. 1827)
• 1762 – Marcos Portugal, Portuguese organist and composer (d. 1830)
• 1775 – Muthuswami Dikshitar, Indian poet and composer (d. 1835)
• 1782 – Orest Kiprensky, Russian-Italian painter (d. 1836)
• 1796 – John Corry Wilson Daly, Canadian businessman and politician (d. 1878)
• 1803 – Egerton Ryerson, Canadian minister, educator, and politician (d. 1882)
• 1808 – Maria Malibran, Spanish-French soprano (d. 1836)
• 1809 – Mariano José de Larra, Spanish journalist and author (d. 1837)
• 1809 – Joseph Liouville, French mathematician and academic (d. 1882)
• 1820 – Edmond Becquerel, French physicist and academic (d. 1891)
• 1820 – Fanny Crosby, American poet and composer (d. 1915)
• 1823 – Thomas Spencer Baynes, English philosopher and critic (d. 1887)
• 1826 – Matilda Joslyn Gage, American activist and author (d. 1898)
• 1828 – Horace Gray, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1902)
• 1829 – George Francis Train, American businessman (d. 1904)
• 1829 – Ignacio Zaragoza, Mexican general (d. 1862)
• 1830 – Robert Hamerling, Austrian poet and playwright (d. 1889)
• 1834 – William Morris, English poet, author, and translator (d. 1896)
• 1834 – John Wesley Powell, American soldier, geologist, and explorer (d. 1902)
• 1835 – Joseph Stefan, Austrian physicist, mathematician, and poet (d. 1893)
• 1848 – Honoré Beaugrand, Canadian journalist and politician, 18th Mayor of Montreal (d. 1906)
• 1850 – Silas Hocking, English minister and author (d. 1935)
• 1855 – Andrew W. Mellon, American banker, financier, and diplomat, 49th United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1937)
• 1855 – Olive Schreiner, South African author and activist (d. 1920)
• 1862 – Frank Weston Benson, American painter and educator (d. 1951)
• 1869 – Émile Fabre, French author and playwright (d. 1955)
• 1871 – Alec Hurley, English music hall singer (d. 1913)
• 1874 – Luigi Einaudi, Italian economist and politician, 2nd President of the Italian Republic (d. 1961)
• 1874 – Harry Houdini, Hungarian-American magician and actor (d. 1926)
• 1874 – Selim Sırrı Tarcan, Turkish educator and politician (d. 1957)
• 1875 – William Burns, Canadian lacrosse player (d. 1953)
• 1879 – Neyzen Tevfik, Turkish philosopher, poet, and composer (d. 1953)
• 1882 – Marcel Lalu, French gymnast (d. 1951)
• 1884 – Peter Debye, Dutch-American physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1966)
• 1884 – Eugène Tisserant, French cardinal (d. 1972)
• 1885 – Charles Daniels, American swimmer (d. 1973)
• 1886 – Edward Weston, American photographer (d. 1958)
• 1886 – Robert Mallet-Stevens, French architect and designer (d. 1945)
• 1887 – Roscoe Arbuckle, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1933)
• 1888 – Viktor Kingissepp, Estonian politician (d. 1922)
• 1889 – Albert Hill, English-Canadian runner (d. 1969)
• 1890 – Agnes Macphail, Canadian educator and politician (d. 1954)
• 1891 – Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov, Russian physicist and academic (d. 1951)
• 1892 – Marston Morse, American mathematician and academic (d. 1977)
• 1893 – Walter Baade, German astronomer and author (d. 1960)
• 1893 – George Sisler, American baseball player and scout (d. 1973)
• 1897 – Wilhelm Reich, Austrian-American psychotherapist and academic (d. 1957)
• 1901 – Ub Iwerks, American animator, director, and producer, co-created Mickey Mouse (d. 1971)
• 1902 – Thomas E. Dewey, American lawyer and politician, 47th Governor of New York (d. 1971)
• 1903 – Adolf Butenandt, German biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
• 1903 – Malcolm Muggeridge, English journalist, author, and scholar (d. 1990)
• 1905 – Pura Santillan-Castrence, Filipino author and diplomat (d. 2007)
• 1906 – Klavdiya Shulzhenko, Ukrainian-Russian singer (d. 1984)
• 1907 – Paul Sauvé, Canadian lawyer and politician, 17th Premier of Quebec (d. 1960)
• 1909 – Clyde Barrow, American criminal (d. 1934)
• 1910 – Richard Conte, American actor, singer, and director (d. 1975)
• 1911 – Joseph Barbera, American animator, director, and producer, co-founded Hanna-Barbera (d. 2006)
• 1912 – Dorothy Height, American educator and activist (d. 2010)
• 1915 – Eugène Martin, French racing driver (d. 2006)
• 1915 – "Gorgeous George" Wagner, American wrestler (d. 1963)
• 1916 – Donald Hamilton, Swedish-American soldier and author (d. 2006)
• 1916 – Harry B. Whittington, English palaeontologist and academic (d. 2010)
• 1917 – Constantine Andreou, Brazilian-Greek painter and sculptor (d. 2007)
• 1917 – John Kendrew, English biochemist and crystallographer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)
• 1918 – Camila Ashland, American actress
• 1919 – Lawrence Ferlinghetti, American poet and publisher, co-founded City Lights Bookstore
• 1919 – Robert Heilbroner, American economist and historian (d. 2005)
• 1920 – Bill Irwin, Canadian skier and soldier (d. 2013)
• 1920 – Carlo Monti, Italian sprinter
• 1920 – Gene Nelson, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1996)
• 1920 – Mary Stolz, American author (d. 2006)
• 1921 – Franciszek Blachnicki, Polish-German priest (d. 1987)
• 1921 – Vasily Smyslov, Russian chess player (d. 2010)
• 1922 – T. M. Soundararajan, Indian singer and actor (d. 2013)
• 1922 – Onna White, Canadian dancer and choreographer (d. 2005)
• 1923 – Murray Hamilton, American actor (d. 1986)
• 1923 – Michael Legat, English author and publisher (d. 2011)
• 1924 – Norman Fell, American actor (d. 1998)
• 1925 – Puig Aubert, German-French rugby league player and coach (d. 1994)
• 1926 – Desmond Connell, Irish cardinal
• 1926 – Dario Fo, Italian playwright, actor, director, and composer Nobel Prize laureate
• 1926 – William Porter, American hurdler (d. 2000)
• 1926 – Ventsislav Yankov, Bulgarian pianist and educator
• 1927 – John Woodland Hastings, American biochemist and academic (d. 2014)
• 1927 – Martin Walser, German author and playwright
• 1928 – Byron Janis, American pianist and composer
• 1929 – Pat Renella, American actor (d. 2012)
• 1930 – David Dacko, Central African politician, 1st President of the Central African Republic (d. 2003)
• 1930 – Agustín González, Spanish actor (d. 2005)
• 1930 – Steve McQueen, American actor and producer (d. 1980)
• 1931 – Hanno Drechsler, German educator and politician, Mayor of Marburg (d. 2003)
• 1931 – Connie Hines, American actress (d. 2009)
• 1932 – Christiane Eda-Pierre, Martinican-French soprano and actress
• 1933 – Stephen De Staebler, American sculptor and educator (d. 2011)
• 1933 – William Smith, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1935 – Peret, Spanish singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2014)
• 1935 – Mary Berry, English television host and author
• 1935 – Carol Kaye, American bass player (The Wrecking Crew)
• 1935 – Peter Bichsel, Swiss-German journalist and author
• 1936 – David Suzuki, Canadian environmentalist and academic
• 1937 – Lynn Borden, American model and actress (d. 2015)
• 1937 – Billy Stewart, American singer and pianist (d. 1970)
• 1938 – Don Covay, American singer-songwriter (d. 2015)
• 1938 – Holger Czukay, Polish-German bass player (Can)
• 1938 – David Irving, English historian and author
• 1939 – Lynda Baron, English actress and singer
• 1939 – Lynn Borden, American actress (d. 2015)
• 1940 – Don Jardine, Canadian wrestler and trainer (d. 2006)
• 1940 – Bob Mackie, American fashion designer
• 1941 – Michael Masser, American songwriter, composer and producer (d. 2015)
• 1944 – R. Lee Ermey, American sergeant and actor
• 1944 – Vojislav Koštunica, Serbian academic and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Serbia
• 1945 – Robert T. Bakker, American paleontologist and academic
• 1945 – Curtis Hanson, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1945 – Patrick Malahide, English actor and screenwriter
• 1946 – Klaus Dinger, German guitarist and songwriter (Neu!, La Düsseldorf, and Kraftwerk) (d. 2008)
• 1946 – Kitty O'Neil, American stuntwoman
• 1947 – Dennis Erickson, American football player and coach
• 1947 – Christine Gregoire, American lawyer and politician, 22nd Governor of Washington
• 1947 – Mick Jones, English footballer and coach
• 1947 – Alan Sugar, English businessman
• 1948 – Javier Diez Canseco, Peruvian sociologist and politician (d. 2013)
• 1948 – Anatoli Krikun, Estonian basketball player and coach
• 1948 – Jerzy Kukuczka, Polish mountaineer (d. 1989)
• 1948 – Lee Oskar, Danish harmonica player and songwriter (War and Lowrider Band)
• 1948 – Barbara Pearse, English biologist and academic
• 1949 – Tabitha King, American author and poet
• 1949 – Ruud Krol, Dutch footballer and coach
• 1949 – Steve Lang, Canadian bass player (April Wine and Mashmakhan)
• 1949 – Nick Lowe, English singer-songwriter and producer (Rockpile and Little Village)
• 1949 – Ali Akbar Salehi, Iranian academic and politician, 36th Foreign Affairs Minister of Iran
• 1949 – Ranil Wickremesinghe, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Sri Lanka
• 1950 – Gary Wichard, American football player and agent (d. 2011)
• 1951 – Peter Boyle, Scottish-Australian footballer and manager (d. 2013)
• 1951 – Pat Bradley, American golfer
• 1951 – Tommy Hilfiger, American fashion designer, founded the Tommy Hilfiger Corporation
• 1951 – Dougie Thomson, Scottish bass player (Supertramp and The Alan Bown Set)
• 1951 – Anna Włodarczyk, Polish long jumper and coach
• 1952 – Greg McCrary, American football player (d. 2013)
• 1952 – Quim Monzó, Catalan writer
• 1953 – Anita L. Allen, American lawyer, philosopher, and academic
• 1953 – Louie Anderson, American comedian, actor, and game show host
• 1954 – Robert Carradine, American actor and producer
• 1954 – Donna Pescow, American actress and director
• 1955 – Doug Jarvis, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1955 – Mart Kadastik, Estonian journalist
• 1955 – Pat Price, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1955 – Celâl Şengör, Turkish geologist and academic
• 1956 – Steve Ballmer, American businessman
• 1956 – Bill Wray, American cartoonist and painter
• 1957 – Gilles Baril, Canadian politician
• 1957 – Pierre Harvey, Canadian cyclist and skier
• 1957 – Pat Jarvis, Australian rugby league player
• 1958 – Mike Woodson, American basketball player and coach
• 1959 – Emmit King, American sprinter
• 1959 – Renaldo Nehemiah, American hurdler and football player
• 1959 – Derek Statham, English footballer
• 1960 – Nena, German singer-songwriter and actress (Nena)
• 1960 – Jan Berglin, Swedish cartoonist
• 1960 – Barry Horowitz, American wrestler
• 1960 – Kelly Le Brock, American model and actress
• 1960 – Grayson Perry, English potter
• 1960 – Scott Pruett, American race car driver
• 1960 – Annabella Sciorra, American actress and producer
• 1961 – Dean Jones, Australian cricketer and coach
• 1961 – Yanis Varoufakis, Greek economist and politician, Greek Minister of Finance
• 1962 – Angèle Dubeau, Canadian violinist
• 1962 – Star Jones, American lawyer, journalist, and talk show host
• 1962 – Irina Meszynski, German discus thrower
• 1963 – Raimond van der Gouw, Dutch footballer and coach
• 1963 – Vadym Tyshchenko, Ukrainian footballer and manager (d. 2015)
• 1963 – Torsten Voss, German decathlete and bobsledder
• 1965 – Peter Jacobson, American actor
• 1965 – Kaido Kalm, Estonian ice hockey player
• 1965 – Patrick Scales, German bass player and educator
• 1965 – The Undertaker, American wrestler and actor
• 1966 – Floyd Heard, American sprinter and coach
• 1968 – Minarti Timur, Indonesian badminton player
• 1970 – Lara Flynn Boyle, American actress
• 1970 – Sharon Corr, Irish singer-songwriter and violinist (The Corrs)
• 1970 – Christopher Daniels, American wrestler and actor
• 1970 – Judith Draxler, Austrian swimmer
• 1970 – Erica Kennedy, American journalist and author (d. 2012)
• 1970 – Mike Vanderjagt, Canadian-American football player
• 1971 – Megyn Price, American actress
• 1972 – Christophe Dugarry, French footballer
• 1972 – Steve Karsay, American baseball player and coach
• 1973 – Jacek Bąk, Polish footballer
• 1973 – Philippe Boucher, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
• 1973 – Steve Corica, Australian footballer and coach
• 1973 – Mette Jacobsen, Danish swimmer
• 1973 – Glen Jakovich, Australian footballer
• 1973 – Jim Parsons, American actor and singer
• 1974 – Tado, Filipino comedian and actor (d. 2014)
• 1974 – RJ Rosales, Filipino-Australian singer and actor (d. 2011)
• 1974 – Chad Butler, Dutch-American drummer (Switchfoot)
• 1974 – Alyson Hannigan, American actress
• 1974 – Sergey Klyugin, Russian high jumper
• 1975 – Krisdayanti, Indonesian singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
• 1975 – Thomas Johansson, Swedish-Monacan tennis player
• 1975 – Davor Vugrinec, Croatian footballer
• 1976 – Angellica Bell, English radio and television host
• 1976 – Aaron Brooks, American football player
• 1976 – Aliou Cissé, Senegalese footballer and coach
• 1976 – Athanasios Kostoulas, Greek footballer
• 1976 – Peyton Manning, American football player and entrepreneur
• 1976 – İnci Türkay, Turkish actress
• 1977 – Corneille, Rwandan-German singer-songwriter
• 1977 – Jessica Chastain, American actress
• 1977 – Darren Lockyer, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
• 1978 – Michael Braun, Australian footballer and coach
• 1978 – Kaori Mochida, Japanese singer-songwriter (Every Little Thing)
• 1978 – Tomáš Ujfaluši, Czech footballer and manager
• 1979 – Lake Bell, American actress and director
• 1979 – Emraan Hashmi, Indian actor
• 1979 – Norris Hopper, American baseball player
• 1979 – Periklis Iakovakis, Greek hurdler
• 1979 – Graeme Swann, English cricketer
• 1980 – Karin Frick, Swedish television presenter
• 1980 – Tassos Venetis, Greek footballer
• 1981 – Mike Adams, American football player
• 1981 – Ron Hainsey, American ice hockey player
• 1981 – Dirk Hayhurst, American baseball player
• 1981 – Mark Looms, Dutch footballer
• 1981 – Gary Paffett, English race car driver
• 1982 – Epico, Puerto Rican wrestler
• 1982 – Corey Hart, American baseball player
• 1982 – Jimmy Hempte, Belgian footballer
• 1982 – Christian Hug, German rugby player
• 1982 – Dustin McGowan, American baseball player
• 1982 – Jack Swagger, American wrestler
• 1983 – Luca Ceccarelli, Italian footballer
• 1983 – T. J. Ford, American basketball player
• 1983 – Riccardo Musetti, Italian footballer
• 1983 – Pierre-Alexandre Parenteau, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1984 – Benoît Assou-Ekotto, French-Cameroonian footballer
• 1984 – Park Bom, South Korean singer, dancer, and actress (2NE1)
• 1984 – Chris Bosh, American basketball player
• 1984 – Adrian D'Souza, Indian field hockey player
• 1984 – Lucy Wangui Kabuu, Kenyan runner
• 1985 – Haruka Ayase, Japanese actress and singer
• 1985 – Frederico Gil, Portuguese tennis player
• 1985 – Sayaka Hirano, Japanese table tennis player
• 1986 – Valentin Chmerkovskiy, Ukrainian-American professional dancer and choreographer
• 1986 – Kohei Hirate, Japanese race car driver
• 1986 – Tony McMahon, English footballer
• 1987 – Ramires, Brazilian footballer
• 1987 – Shakib Al Hasan, Bangladeshi cricketer
• 1987 – Yuma Asami, Japanese model and actress
• 1987 – Billy Jones, English footballer
• 1987 – Josh Zeid, American baseball player
• 1988 – Aiga Grabuste, Latvian heptathlete
• 1988 – Ryan Higgins, Zimbabwean cricketer
• 1988 – Matías Martínez, Argentinian footballer
• 1988 – Kardo Ploomipuu, Estonian swimmer
• 1989 – Aziz Shavershian, Russian-Australian bodybuilder and model (d. 2011)
• 1990 – Keisha Castle-Hughes, Australian-New Zealand actress
• 1990 – Starlin Castro, American baseball player
• 1990 – Libby Clegg, English runner
• 1991 – Nick Browne, English cricketer
• 1991 – Dalila Jakupović, Slovenian tennis player
• 1994 – Anna Hämäläinen, Russian-Finnish runner
• 1994 – Stay Gold, Japanese race horse (d. 2015)
• 1995 – Enzo Fernández, French-Spanish footballer

Deaths[edit]

• 809 – Harun al-Rashid, Arab caliph (b. 763)
• 1284 – Hugh III of Cyprus (b. 1235)
• 1381 – Catherine of Vadstena, Swedish saint (b. 1332)
• 1396 – Walter Hilton, English mystic and saint (b. 1340)
• 1455 – Pope Nicholas V (b. 1397)
• 1558 – Anna van Egmont, Dutch wife of William the Silent (b. 1533)
• 1563 – Hosokawa Harumoto, Japanese daimyo (b. 1514)
• 1575 – Joseph ben Ephraim Karo, Spanish-Portuguese rabbi and author (b. 1488)
• 1603 – Elizabeth I of England (b. 1533)
• 1653 – Samuel Scheidt, German organist and composer (b. 1587)
• 1773 – Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, English politician, Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard (b. 1694)
• 1776 – John Harrison, English carpenter and clockmaker, invented the Marine chronometer (b. 1693)
• 1824 – Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux, French lawyer (b. 1753)
• 1838 – Abraham Hume, English floriculturist and Tory politician (b. 1748/49)
• 1869 – Antoine-Henri Jomini, French-Russian general (b. 1779)
• 1881 – Achille Ernest Oscar Joseph Delesse, French geologist and mineralogist (b. 1817)
• 1882 – Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, American poet and educator (b. 1807)
• 1887 – Ivan Kramskoi, Russian painter and critic (b. 1837)
• 1888 – Vsevolod Garshin, Russian author (b. 1855)
• 1905 – Jules Verne, French novelist, poet, and playwright (b. 1828)
• 1909 – John Millington Synge, Irish playwright and poet (b. 1871)
• 1915 – Margaret Lindsay Huggins, Irish-English astronomer (b. 1848)
• 1915 – Karol Olszewski, Polish chemist, mathematician, and physicist (b. 1846)
• 1916 – Enrique Granados, Spanish pianist and composer (b. 1867)
• 1926 – Phan Chu Trinh, Vietnamese activist (b. 1872)
• 1940 – Édouard Branly, French physicist and academic (b. 1844)
• 1944 – Orde Wingate, Indian-English general (b. 1903)
• 1946 – Alexander Alekhine, Russian chess player (b. 1892)
• 1946 – Carl Schuhmann, German gymnast, shot putter, and jumper (b. 1869)
• 1948 – Sigrid Hjertén, Swedish painter and illustrator (b. 1885)
• 1950 – James Rudolph Garfield, American lawyer and politician, 23rd United States Secretary of the Interior (b. 1865)
• 1953 – Mary of Teck (b. 1867)
• 1962 – Jean Goldkette, French-American pianist and bandleader (b. 1899)
• 1962 – Auguste Piccard, Swiss physicist and explorer (b. 1884)
• 1968 – Alice Guy-Blaché, American actress, director, and producer (b. 1873)
• 1971 – Arne Jacobsen, Danish architect, designed the Radisson Blu Royal Hotel and Aarhus City Hall (b. 1902)
• 1971 – Arthur Metcalfe, Australian public servant (b. 1895)
• 1976 – Bernard Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, English field marshal (b. 1887)
• 1978 – Doğan Öz, Turkish lawyer (b. 1934)
• 1980 – Óscar Romero, Salvadoran archbishop (b. 1917)
• 1984 – Sam Jaffe, American actor and singer (b. 1891)
• 1985 – Arthur D. Nicholson, American soldier (b. 1947)
• 1985 – Raoul Ubac, French painter, sculptor, photographer and engraver (b. 1910)
• 1988 – Turhan Feyzioğlu, Turkish academic and politician, 27th Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1922)
• 1988 – Roger Loyer, French motorcycle road racer and racing driver (b. 1907)
• 1990 – Ray Goulding, American comedian and radio host (b. 1922)
• 1991 – John Kerr, Australian lawyer and politician, 18th Governor-General of Australia (b. 1914)
• 1993 – Albert Arlen, Australian pianist, composer, actor, and playwright (b. 1905)
• 1993 – John Hersey, American journalist and author (b. 1914)
• 1995 – Joseph Needham, English sinologist, historian, and academic (b. 1900)
• 1997 – Martin Caidin, American author and talk show host (b. 1927)
• 1997 – Dr. Bill Miller, American wrestler (b. 1927)
• 1999 – Gertrud Scholtz-Klink, German politician (b. 1902)
• 1999 – Birdie Tebbetts, American baseball player and manager (b. 1912)
• 1999 – Pierlucio Tinazzi, Italian security guard (b. 1962)
• 2001 – Muriel Young, English television host and producer (b. 1928)
• 2002 – César Milstein, Argentinian-English biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1927)
• 2002 – Bob Said, American race car driver and bobsledder (b. 1932)
• 2003 – Hans Hermann Groër, Austrian cardinal (b. 1919)
• 2006 – Lynne Perrie, English actress and singer (b. 1931)
• 2006 – Rudra Rajasingham, Sri Lankan police officer and diplomat (b. 1926)
• 2008 – Chalmers Alford, American guitarist (b. 1955)
• 2008 – Neil Aspinall, Welsh-English record producer and manager (b. 1941)
• 2008 – Rafael Azcona, Spanish author and screenwriter (b. 1926)
• 2008 – Hal Riney, American businessman, founded Publicis & Hal Riney (b. 1932)
• 2008 – Richard Widmark, American actor and producer (b. 1914)
• 2009 – George Kell, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1922)
• 2009 – Hans Klenk, German race car driver (b. 1919)
• 2009 – Gábor Ocskay, Hungarian ice hockey player (b. 1975)
• 2010 – Robert Culp, American actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1930)
• 2010 – Jim Marshall, American photographer (b. 1936)
• 2012 – Iqbal Bahu, Pakistani singer (b. 1944)
• 2012 – Vigor Bovolenta, Italian volleyball player (b. 1974)
• 2012 – Paul Callaghan, New Zealand physicist and academic (b. 1947)
• 2012 – Vince Lovegrove, Australian singer, producer, and journalist (The Valentines) (b. 1947)
• 2012 – Marion Marlowe, American actress and singer (b. 1929)
• 2012 – Nick Noble, American singer-songwriter (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Jose Prakash, Indian actor and singer (b. 1925)
• 2012 – Jocky Wilson, Scottish darts player (b. 1950)
• 2013 – Barbara Anderson, New Zealand author (b. 1926)
• 2013 – Inge Lønning, Norwegian theologian, academic, and politician (b. 1938)
• 2013 – Gury Marchuk, Russian physicist, mathematician, and academic (b. 1925)
• 2013 – Paolo Ponzo, Italian footballer (b. 1972)
• 2013 – Deke Richards, American songwriter and producer (b. 1944)
• 2013 – Mohamed Yousri Salama, Egyptian dentist and politician (b. 1974)
• 2013 – Francis Hovell-Thurlow-Cumming-Bruce, 8th Baron Thurlow, English diplomat (b. 1912)
• 2014 – Oleksandr Muzychko, Ukrainian activist (b. 1962)
• 2014 – Paulo Schroeber, Brazilian guitarist (Almah and Astafix) (b. 1973)
• 2014 – John Rowe Townsend, English author and scholar (b. 1922)
• 2014 – David A. Trampier, American illustrator (b. 1954)
• 2014 – Rodney Wilkes, Trinidadian weightlifter (b. 1925)
• 2015 – Yehuda Avner, English-Israeli diplomat (b. 1928)
• 2015 – Scott Clendenin, American bass player (Control Denied and Death) (b. 1967)
• 2015 – notable deaths of the Germanwings Flight 9525 crash:
  • Oleg Bryjak, Kazakhstani-German opera singer (b. 1960)
  • Maria Radner, German opera singer (b. 1981)

Gloria Gaynor's I Will Survive preserved for posterity

Gloria Gaynor's I Will Survive will be preserved for posterity, after being selected to enter the US National Recording Registry.

It joins Metallica's Master of Puppets and Mahler's Symphony No 9 on the list of culturally significant recordings.

Twenty-five such works are selected for preservation every year by the US Library of Congress.

This year's picks also include comedian George Carlin's notorious "seven words you can't say on television" sketch.

The routine, which appears on the star's 1972 album Class Clown, lists the "heavy seven" profanities which even today would cause problems for censors.

"Those are the ones that'll infect your soul, curve your spine, and keep the country from winning the war," Carlin observed, challenging the government's ability to define acceptable language.

Image copyrightGetty Images

Ironically, an uncensored broadcast of the monologue led the US Federal Communications Commission to issue an order prohibiting the words as "indecent". In 1978, the Supreme Court upheld the order, establishing a decency standard that remains in effect today.

"These words have no power," Carlin later argued. "We give them this power by refusing to be free and easy with them. We give them great power over us."

Gaynor's disco anthem was described by the Registry as an "anthem for people of all kinds".

It was written by Freddie Perren and Dino Fekaris, and first inspired by Fekaris's realisation he would be alright after being fired. 

For Gaynor, the song held added meaning because she was recovering from a serious spinal injury. "I was actually at the mic in a back brace, believing the song would save my career - and it did," she said.

"I Will Survive is my mantra, the core of my God-given purpose," the singer told the Library of Congress in a statement. "It is my privilege and honour to use it to inspire people around the world of every nationality, race, creed, colour and age group."

Image copyrightGetty Images

Nominations for the Recording Registry are made by the public and the National Recording Preservation Board. They must be "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant" and at least 10 years old.

The oldest recording on this year's selection is Let Me Call You Sweetheart by the Columbia Quartette (also known as the Peerless Quartet), released in 1911.

It was one of the giant parlour-room ballads of the period, selling a purported five million copies in sheet music alone. It was first recorded by Tenor Arthur Clough, but it was the quartet's arrangement that became a standard for US vocal harmony groups.

Also represented this year are two versions of Kurt Weill's Mack The Knife, recorded by Louis Armstrong and Bobby Darin; and two episodes of Destination Freedom, a Chicago radio programme dating from 1948, which presented the accomplishments of black Americans and the prejudices they faced.

Pop songs admitted to the Registry include The Supremes' Where Did Our Love Go, The Impressions' People Get Ready and Billy Joel's Piano Man, while guitarist Carlos Santa sees his crossover album Abraxas included in its entirety.

The Registry now contains 450 recordings, and the best existing versions of each are housed at the Packard Campus for Audio Visual Conservation in Culpeper, Virginia.

Το κορυφαίο περιοδικό Cοnde Nast παραληρεί με 8 ελληνικές παραλίες

Χθεσινόδημοσίευμα του ιστοτόπου του περιοδικού αποθεώνει τις παρακάτω 8 ελληνικές παραλίες τις οποίες αποκαλεί "άξιες να προκαλέσουν λιποθυμία".

Οι παραλίες αυτές μάγεψαν τη συντάκτρια του Conde Nast για την τοποθεσία τους, την αμμώδη ακτή τους, τις δυνατότητες που παρέχουν για θαλάσσια σπορ και την ιστορία τους!

Θαυμάστε τις:

8. Βοϊδοκοιλιά, Μεσσηνία

7. Μύρτος, Κεφαλονιά

6. Κόλπος Άγιου Παύλου, Ρόδος

5. Μπάλος, Κρήτη

4. Λαλάρια, Σκιάθος

3.  Πόρτο Κατσίκι, Λευκάδα

2. Σαρακήνικο, Μήλος

1. Ναυάγιο, Ζάκυνθος

Βασική Εργογραφία στα Ελληνικά

• Ταξίδι στο Κέντρο της Γης
• Από τη Γη στη Σελήνη
• Ο Γύρος του Κόσμου σε 80 ημέρες
• 20.000 λεύγες κάτω από τη θάλασσα
• Ροβήρος ο Κατακτητής
• Μιχαήλ Στρογκώφ
• Η μυστηριώδης Νήσος
• Οι πειρατές του Αιγαίου
• Ο Δεκαπενταετής Πλοίαρχος
• Καίσαρ Κασκαμπέλ

[edit]

• 421 – Venice is founded at twelve o'clock noon, according to legend.
• 708 – Pope Constantine succeeds Pope Sisinnius as the 88th pope.
• 717 – Theodosius III resigns the throne to the Byzantine Empire to enter the clergy.
• 1199 – Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France, leading to his death on April 6.
• 1306 – Robert the Bruce becomes king of Scotland.
• 1409 – The Council of Pisa opens.
• 1555 – The city of Valencia is founded in present-day Venezuela.
• 1584 – Sir Walter Raleigh is granted a patent to colonize Virginia.
• 1634 – The first settlers arrive in Maryland.
• 1655 – Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christiaan Huygens.
• 1802 – The Treaty of Amiens is signed as a "Definitive Treaty of Peace" between France and the United Kingdom.
• 1807 – The Slave Trade Act becomes law, abolishing the slave trade in the British Empire.
• 1807 – The Swansea and Mumbles Railway, then known as the Oystermouth Railway, becomes the first passenger-carrying railway in the world.
• 1811 – Percy Bysshe Shelley is expelled from the University of Oxford for publishing the pamphlet The Necessity of Atheism.
• 1821 – (Julian calendar) Traditional date of the start of the Greek War of Independence. The war had actually begun on 23 February 1821. The date was chosen in the early years of the Greek state so that it falls on the day of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, strengthening the ties between the Greek Orthodox Church and the newly founded state.
• 1865 – American Civil War: In Virginia, Confederate forces temporarily capture Fort Stedman from the Union.
• 1894 – Coxey's Army, the first significant American protest march, departs Massillon, Ohio for Washington, D.C.
• 1911 – In New York City, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire kills 146 garment workers.
• 1914 – Aris is founded in Thessaloniki.
• 1917 – The Georgian Orthodox Church restores its autocephaly abolished by Imperial Russia in 1811.
• 1918 – The Belarusian People's Republic is established.
• 1924 – On the anniversary of Greek Independence, Alexandros Papanastasiou proclaims the Second Hellenic Republic.
• 1931 – The Scottsboro Boys are arrested in Alabama and charged with rape.
• 1941 – The Kingdom of Yugoslavia joins the Axis powers with the signing of the Tripartite Pact.
• 1947 – An explosion in a coal mine in Centralia, Illinois kills 111.
• 1948 – The first successful tornado forecast predicts that a tornado will strike Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma.
• 1949 – The extensive deportation campaign known as March deportation is conducted in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania to force collectivisation by way of terror. The Soviet authorities deport more than 92,000 people from the Baltics to remote areas of the Soviet Union.
• 1957 – United States Customs seizes copies of Allen Ginsberg's poem "Howl" on obscenity grounds.
• 1957 – The European Economic Community is established with West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg as the first members.
• 1958 – Canada's Avro Arrow makes its first flight.
• 1965 – Civil rights activists led by Martin Luther King Jr. successfully complete their 4-day 50-mile march from Selma to the capitol in Montgomery, Alabama.
• 1969 – During their honeymoon, John Lennon and Yoko Ono hold their first Bed-In for Peace at the Amsterdam Hilton Hotel (until March 31).
• 1971 – Bangladesh Liberation War: Beginning of Operation Searchlight by the Pakistan Armed Forces against East Pakistani civilians.
• 1971 – The Army of the Republic of Vietnam abandon an attempt to cut off the Ho Chi Minh trail in Laos.
• 1975 – Faisal of Saudi Arabia is shot and killed by a mentally ill nephew.
• 1979 – The first fully functional Space Shuttle orbiter, Columbia, is delivered to the John F. Kennedy Space Center to be prepared for its first launch.
• 1988 – The Candle demonstration in Bratislava is the first mass demonstration of the 1980s against the communist regime in Czechoslovakia.
• 1990 – The Happy Land fire was an arson fire that kills 87 people trapped inside an illegal nightclub in The Bronx, New York City.
• 1992 – The Pakistan national cricket team wins the 1992 Cricket World Cup at Melbourne Cricket Ground.
• 1992 – Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev returns to Earth after a 10-month stay aboard the Mir space station.
• 1993 – Warrington bomb victim Tim Parry dies five days after an IRA bomb detonated on 20 March 1993 in the second of the Warrington bomb attacks.
• 1995 – WikiWikiWeb, the world's first wiki, and part of the Portland Pattern Repository, is made public by Ward Cunningham.
• 1996 – An 81-day-long standoff between the anti-government group Montana Freemen and law enforcement near Jordan, Montana, begins.
• 1996 – The European Union's Veterinarian Committee bans the export of British beef and its by-products as a result of mad cow disease (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy).
• 2006 – Capitol Hill massacre: A gunman kills six people before taking his own life at a party in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood.
• 2006 – Protesters demanding a new election in Belarus, following the rigged Belarusian presidential election, 2006, clash with riot police. Opposition leader Aleksander Kozulin is among several protesters arrested.

Births[edit]

• 1252 – Conradin, German son of Conrad IV of Germany (d. 1268)
• 1259 – Andronikos II Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1332)
• 1297 – Andronikos III Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1341)
• 1297 – Arnošt of Pardubice, Polish archbishop (d. 1364)
• 1345 – Blanche of Lancaster (d. 1369)
• 1347 – Catherine of Siena, Italian philosopher, theologian, and saint (d. 1380)
• 1479 – Vasili III of Russia (d. 1533)
• 1538 – Christopher Clavius, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1612)
• 1541 – Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1587)
• 1545 – John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (d. 1622)
• 1593 – Jean de Brébeuf, French-Canadian missionary and saint (d. 1649)
• 1611 – Evliya Çelebi, Ottoman Turk traveller and writer (d. 1682)
• 1643 – Louis Moréri, French priest and scholar (d. 1680)
• 1661 – Paul de Rapin, French soldier and historian (d. 1725)
• 1699 – Johann Adolph Hasse, German singer-songwriter (d. 1783)
• 1741 – Jean-Antoine Houdon, French sculptor and educator (d. 1828)
• 1767 – Joachim Murat, French admiral (d. 1815)
• 1782 – Caroline Bonaparte, French daughter of Carlo Buonaparte (d. 1839)
• 1800 – Ernst Heinrich Karl von Dechen, German geologist and academic (d. 1889)
• 1808 – José de Espronceda, Spanish poet and author (d. 1842)
• 1824 – Clinton L. Merriam, American banker and politician (d. 1900)
• 1840 – Myles Keogh, Irish-American colonel (d. 1876)
• 1863 – Simon Flexner, American physician and academic (d. 1946)
• 1867 – Gutzon Borglum, American sculptor, designed Mount Rushmore (d. 1941)
• 1867 – Arturo Toscanini, Italian-American cellist and conductor (d. 1957)
• 1868 – Bill Lockwood, English cricketer (d. 1932)
• 1871 – Louis Perrée, French fencer (d. 1924)
• 1872 – Horatio Nelson Jackson, American race car driver and physician (d. 1955)
• 1873 – Rudolf Rocker, German-American author and activist (d. 1958)
• 1876 – Irving Baxter, American jumper and pole vaulter (d. 1957)
• 1877 – Walter Little, Canadian politician (d. 1961)
• 1878 – František Janda-Suk, Czech discus thrower and shot putter (d. 1955)
• 1879 – Amedee Reyburn, American swimmer and water polo player (d. 1920)
• 1881 – Béla Bartók, Hungarian pianist and composer (d. 1945)
• 1881 – Patrick Henry Bruce, American painter and educator (d. 1936)
• 1881 – Mary Webb, English author and poet (d. 1927)
• 1892 – Andy Clyde, Scottish-American actor and singer (d. 1967)
• 1893 – Johannes Villemson, Estonian runner (d. 1971)
• 1895 – Siegfried Handloser, German general and physician (d. 1954)
• 1897 – Leslie Averill, New Zealand doctor and soldier (d. 1981)
• 1898 – Marcelle Narbonne, Algerian-French super-centenarian (d. 2012)
• 1899 – K. S. Arulnandhy, Sri Lankan academic (d. 1972)
• 1899 – Burt Munro, New Zealand motorcycle racer (d. 1978)
• 1899 – François Rozet, French-Canadian actor (d. 1994)
• 1901 – Ed Begley, American actor (d. 1970)
• 1903 – Frankie Carle, American pianist and bandleader (d. 2001)
• 1903 – Nahum Norbert Glatzer, Ukrainian-American theologian and scholar (d. 1990)
• 1905 – Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim, German colonel (d. 1944)
• 1906 – Jean Sablon, French singer and actor (d. 1994)
• 1906 – A. J. P. Taylor, English historian and academic (d. 1990)
• 1908 – Helmut Käutner, German actor and director (d. 1980)
• 1908 – David Lean, English director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1991)
• 1910 – Magda Olivero, Italian soprano (d. 2014)
• 1910 – Benzion Netanyahu, Polish-Israeli historian and academic (d. 2012)
• 1911 – Jack Ruby, American murderer (d. 1967)
• 1912 – Melita Norwood, English civil servant and spy (d. 2005)
• 1912 – Jean Vilar, French actor and director (d. 1971)
• 1913 – Reo Stakis, Cypriot-Scottish businessman, founded Stakis Hotels (d. 2001)
• 1914 – Norman Borlaug, American agronomist and humanitarian, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2009)
• 1916 – S. M. Pandit, Indian painter and educator (d. 1993)
• 1918 – Howard Cosell, American soldier, journalist, and author (d. 1995)
• 1920 – Paul Scott, English author, poet, and playwright (d. 1978)
• 1920 – Patrick Troughton, English actor (d. 1987)
• 1921 – Nancy Kelly, American actress (d. 1995)
• 1921 – Alexandra of Yugoslavia (d. 1993)
• 1921 – Simone Signoret, German-French actress (d. 1985)
• 1922 – Eileen Ford, American businesswoman, co-founded Ford Models (d. 2014)
• 1923 – Bonnie Guitar, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1923 – Wim van Est, Dutch cyclist (d. 2003)
• 1924 – Roberts Blossom, American actor (d. 2011)
• 1924 – Machiko Kyō, Japanese actress
• 1925 – Flannery O'Connor, American short story writer and novelist (d. 1964)
• 1925 – Anthony Quinton, Baron Quinton, English physician and philosopher (d. 2010)
• 1926 – Riz Ortolani, Italian composer and conductor (d. 2014)
• 1926 – László Papp, Hungarian boxer (d. 2003)
• 1926 – Jaime Sabines, Mexican poet and politician (d. 1999)
• 1926 – Gene Shalit, American journalist and critic
• 1927 – P. Shanmugam, Indian politician, 13th Chief Minister of Puducherry (d. 2013)
• 1928 – Jim Lovell, American captain, pilot, and astronaut
• 1928 – Gunnar Nielsen, Danish runner and typographer (d. 1985)
• 1929 – Cecil Taylor, American pianist and composer
• 1930 – David Burge, American pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 2013)
• 1930 – Carlo Mauri, Italian mountaineer and explorer (d. 1982)
• 1930 – Rudy Minarcin, American baseball player and coach (d. 2013)
• 1931 – Humphrey Burton, English radio and television host
• 1931 – Paul Motian, American drummer and composer (d. 2011)
• 1931 – Tom Wilson, American record producer (d. 1978)
• 1932 – Penelope Gilliatt, English novelist, short story writer, and critic (d. 1993)
• 1932 – Wes Santee, American runner (d. 2010)
• 1934 – Johnny Burnette, American singer-songwriter (The Rock and Roll Trio) (d. 1964)
• 1934 – Bernard King, Australian actor and chef (d. 2002)
• 1934 – Karlheinz Schreiber, German-Canadian businessman
• 1934 – Gloria Steinem, American journalist and activist, co-founded the Women's Media Center
• 1935 – Gabriel Elorde, Filipino boxer (d. 1985)
• 1936 – Carl Kaufmann, American-German sprinter (d. 2008)
• 1937 – Tom Monaghan, American businessman, founded Domino's Pizza
• 1938 – Hoyt Axton, American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1999)
• 1938 – Daniel Buren, French sculptor and painter
• 1938 – Fritz d'Orey, Brazilian race car driver
• 1939 – Toni Cade Bambara, American author, academic, and activist (d. 1995)
• 1939 – D. C. Fontana, American screenwriter and producer
• 1940 – Anita Bryant, American singer and activist
• 1941 – Gudmund Hernes, Norwegian sociologist and politician, Norwegian Minister of Education and Research
• 1942 – Aretha Franklin, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1942 – Richard O'Brien, English actor and screenwriter
• 1942 – Kim Woodburn, English television host
• 1943 – William H. Ginsburg, American lawyer (d. 2013)
• 1943 – Paul Michael Glaser, American actor and director
• 1944 – Ayla Dikmen, Turkish singer (d. 1990)
• 1945 – Leila Diniz, Brazilian actress (d. 1972)
• 1946 – Cliff Balsom, English footballer
• 1946 – Daniel Bensaïd, French philosopher and author (d. 2010)
• 1946 – Stephen Hunter, American author and critic
• 1946 – Maurice Krafft, French volcanologist (d. 1991)
• 1946 – Gerard John Schaefer, American serial killer (d. 1995)
• 1947 – Richard Cork, English historian and critic
• 1947 – Elton John, English singer-songwriter, pianist, producer, and actor
• 1948 – Bonnie Bedelia, American actress
• 1948 – Farooq Sheikh, Indian actor and philanthropist (d. 2013)
• 1949 – Ronnie Flanagan, Northern Irish Chief Constable (Royal Irish Constabulary, Police Service of Northern Ireland)
• 1950 – Chuck Greenberg, American saxophonist, songwriter, and producer (Shadowfax) (d. 1995)
• 1950 – Ronnie McDowell, American singer-songwriter
• 1950 – David Paquette, American-New Zealand pianist
• 1951 – Jumbo Tsuruta, Japanese wrestler (d. 2000)
• 1951 – Maizie Williams, Montserratian-English singer and model (Boney M.)
• 1952 – Jung Chang, Chinese-English author and academic
• 1952 – Stephen Dorrell, English soldier and politician, Secretary of State for Health
• 1952 – Antanas Mockus, Colombian mathematician, philosopher, and politician, Mayor of Bogotá
• 1952 – Peter Vallentyne, American philosopher and academic
• 1953 – Robert Fox, English producer and manager
• 1953 – Vesna Pusić, Croatian sociologist and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Croatia
• 1953 – Haroon Rasheed, Pakistani cricketer and coach
• 1954 – Elli Stai, Greek journalist and talk show host
• 1954 – Thom Loverro, American journalist and author
• 1954 – Tim White, American wrestling referee and producer
• 1954 – Angela Wynter, English actress
• 1955 – Daniel Boulud, French chef and author
• 1955 – Lee Mazzilli, American baseball player, coach, and manager
• 1957 – Christina Boxer, English runner and journalist
• 1957 – Jonathan Michie, English economist and academic
• 1957 – Aleksandr Puchkov, Russian hurdler
• 1957 – Jim Uhls, American screenwriter and producer
• 1958 – Susie Bright, American journalist, author, and critic
• 1958 – Sisy Chen, Taiwanese journalist and politician
• 1958 – María Caridad Colón, Cuban javelin thrower and shot putter
• 1958 – John Ensign, American physician and politician
• 1958 – James McDaniel, American actor and director
• 1958 – Margaret Ritchie, Northern Irish politician (Northern Ireland Assembly)
• 1958 – Ray Tanner, American baseball player and coach
• 1958 – Åsa Torstensson, Swedish politician, 3rd Swedish Minister for Infrastructure
• 1960 – Steve Norman, English saxophonist, songwriter, and producer (Spandau Ballet)
• 1960 – Peter O'Brien, Australian actor
• 1961 – Mark Brooks, American golfer
• 1961 – Reggie Fils-Aimé, American president of Nintendo of America
• 1961 – Fred Goss, American actor, director, and producer
• 1961 – Linda Sue Park, American author and poet
• 1962 – Marcia Cross, American actress
• 1962 – David Nuttall, English lawyer and politician
• 1963 – Karen Bruce, English dancer and choreographer
• 1964 – Kate DiCamillo, American author
• 1963 – Velle Kadalipp, Estonian architect
• 1964 – Lisa Gay Hamilton, American actress and director
• 1964 – René Meulensteen, Dutch footballer and coach
• 1964 – Alex Solis, Panamanian-American jockey
• 1964 – Ken Wregget, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1965 – Avery Johnson, American basketball player and coach
• 1965 – Stefka Kostadinova, Bulgarian high jumper
• 1965 – Sarah Jessica Parker, American actress, singer, and producer
• 1966 – Frank Ferrer, American drummer (Guns N' Roses, The Psychedelic Furs, Love Spit Love, and The Beautiful)
• 1966 – Tom Glavine, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1966 – Humberto González, Mexican boxer
• 1966 – Jeff Healey, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Jeff Healey Band) (d. 2008)
• 1966 – Tatjana Patitz, German model and actress
• 1966 – Anton Rogan, Northern Irish footballer
• 1967 – Matthew Barney, American sculptor and photographer
• 1967 – Doug Stanhope, American comedian and actor
• 1967 – Debi Thomas, American figure skater and physician
• 1969 – George Chlitsios, Greek conductor and composer
• 1969 – Dale Davis, American basketball player
• 1969 – Cathy Dennis, English singer-songwriter and actress
• 1969 – Jeffrey Walker, English singer-songwriter and bass player (Carcass, Blackstar, and Electro Hippies)
• 1970 – Magnus Larsson, Swedish golfer
• 1971 – Stacy Dragila, American pole vaulter and coach
• 1971 – Cammi Granato, American ice hockey player and sportscaster
• 1971 – Sheryl Swoopes, American basketball player and coach
• 1972 – Giniel de Villiers, South African race car driver
• 1972 – Phil O'Donnell, Scottish footballer (d. 2007)
• 1973 – Michaela Dorfmeister, Austrian skier
• 1973 – Anders Fridén, Swedish singer-songwriter and producer (In Flames, Passenger, Dark Tranquillity, and Ceremonial Oath)
• 1973 – Bob Sura, American basketball player
• 1974 – Serge Betsen, Cameroonian-French rugby player
• 1974 – Lark Voorhies, American actress and singer
• 1975 – Ladislav Benýšek, Czech ice hockey player
• 1975 – Melanie Blatt, English singer-songwriter and actress (All Saints)
• 1975 – Erika Heynatz, Papua New Guinean-Australian model, actress, and singer
• 1976 – Francie Bellew, Irish footballer
• 1976 – Lars Figura, German sprinter
• 1976 – Baek Ji-young, South Korean singer
• 1976 – Wladimir Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer
• 1976 – Gigi Leung, Hong Kong singer and actress
• 1976 – Rima Wakarua, New Zealand-Italian rugby player
• 1977 – Natalie Clein, English cellist and educator
• 1977 – Andrew Lindsay, Scottish rower
• 1978 – Gennaro Delvecchio, Italian footballer
• 1979 – Muriel Hurtis-Houairi, French sprinter
• 1980 – Carrie Lam, Hong Kong actress
• 1980 – Kathrine Sørland, Norwegian fashion model, TV presenter and beauty queen
• 1981 – Casey Neistat, American film director, producer and YouTube vlogger
• 1982 – Sean Faris, American actor
• 1982 – Danica Patrick, American race car driver
• 1982 – Álvaro Saborío, Costa Rican footballer
• 1982 – Jenny Slate, American actress and screenwriter
• 1983 – Tommy Johnagin, American comedian
• 1983 – Mickaël Hanany, French high jumper
• 1984 – Katharine McPhee, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1984 – Liam Messam, New Zealand rugby player
• 1985 – Carmen Rasmusen, Canadian-American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1985 – Diana Rennik, Estonian figure skater
• 1986 – Marco Belinelli, Italian basketball player
• 1986 – Megan Gibson, American softball player
• 1986 – Kyle Lowry, American basketball player
• 1986 – Mickey Paea, Australian rugby league player
• 1987 – Jacob Bagersted, Danish handball player
• 1987 – Jason Castro, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1987 – Victor Obinna, Nigerian footballer
• 1987 – Nobunari Oda, Japanese figure skater
• 1988 – Ryan Lewis, American DJ and producer (Macklemore & Ryan Lewis)
• 1988 – Mitchell Watt, Australian long jumper
• 1988 – Arthur Zeiler, German rugby player
• 1989 – Aly Michalka, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress (78violet)
• 1989 – Scott Sinclair, English footballer
• 1990 – Mehmet Ekici, Turkish footballer
• 1990 – Alexander Esswein, German footballer
• 1993 – Jacob Gagan, Australian rugby league player
• 1993 – Sam Johnstone, English footballer
• 1994 – Justine Dufour-Lapointe, Canadian skier

Deaths[edit]

• 1223 – Afonso II of Portugal (b. 1185)
• 1458 – Íñigo López de Mendoza, 1st Marquis of Santillana, Spanish poet and politician (b. 1398)
• 1558 – Marcos de Niza, French friar and explorer (b. 1495)
• 1603 – Ikoma Chikamasa, Japanese daimyo (b. 1526)
• 1609 – Olaus Martini, Swedish archbishop (b. 1557)
• 1620 – Johannes Nucius, German composer and theorist (b. 1556)
• 1625 – Giambattista Marino, Italian poet and author (b. 1569)
• 1677 – Wenceslaus Hollar, Czech-English painter and etcher (b. 1607)
• 1712 – Nehemiah Grew, English anatomist and physiologist (b. 1641)
• 1732 – Lucy Filippini, Italian saint (b. 1672)
• 1736 – Nicholas Hawksmoor, English architect, designed Easton Neston and Christ Church (b. 1661)
• 1738 – Turlough O'Carolan, Irish harp player and composer (b. 1670)
• 1751 – Frederick I of Sweden (b. 1676)
• 1801 – Novalis, German poet and author (b. 1772)
• 1818 – Caspar Wessel, Norwegian-Danish mathematician and cartographer (b. 1745)
• 1848 – Albine de Montholon, French wife of Charles Tristan, marquis de Montholon (b. 1779)
• 1860 – James Braid, Scottish-English surgeon (b. 1795)
• 1873 – Wilhelm Marstrand, Danish painter and illustrator (b. 1810)
• 1907 – Ernst von Bergmann, Latvian-German surgeon and academic (b. 1836)
• 1908 – Durham Stevens, American diplomat (b. 1851)
• 1914 – Frédéric Mistral, French lexicographer and poet, 1904 Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1830)
• 1916 – Ishi, last of the Yahi, called "the last wild Indian in America" (b. c. 1861)
• 1917 – Elizabeth Storrs Mead, American academic (b. 1832)
• 1918 – Claude Debussy, French composer (b. 1862)
• 1918 – Peter Martin, Australian footballer and soldier (b. 1875)
• 1931 – Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi, Indian journalist and politician (b. 1890)
• 1931 – Ida B. Wells, American journalist and activist (b. 1862)
• 1932 – Harriet Backer, Norwegian painter (b.1845)
• 1942 – William Carr, American rower (b. 1876)
• 1951 – Eddie Collins, American baseball player and manager (b. 1887)
• 1956 – Lou Moore, American race car driver (b. 1904)
• 1956 – Robert Newton, English actor (b. 1905)
• 1957 – Max Ophüls, German-American director and screenwriter (b. 1902)
• 1958 – Tom Brown, American trombonist (b. 1888)
• 1964 – Charles Benjamin Howard, Canadian businessman and politician (b. 1885)
• 1967 – Renato Cellini, Italian-American conductor (b. 1913)
• 1969 – Billy Cotton, English singer, drummer, and bandleader (b. 1899)
• 1969 – Max Eastman, American poet and activist (b. 1883)
• 1973 – Jakob Sildnik, Estonian photographer and director (b. 1883)
• 1973 – Edward Steichen, Luxembourgian-American photographer, painter, and curator (b. 1879)
• 1975 – Juan Gaudino, Argentinian race car driver (b. 1893)
• 1975 – Faisal of Saudi Arabia (b. 1906)
• 1975 – Deiva Zivarattinam, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1894)
• 1976 – Josef Albers, German-American painter and educator (b. 1888)
• 1976 – Şevket Süreyya Aydemir, Turkish writer (b. 1897)
• 1979 – Robert Madgwick, Australian colonel and academic (b. 1905)
• 1979 – Akinoumi Setsuo, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 37th Yokozuna (b. 1914)
• 1980 – Milton H. Erickson, American psychiatrist and psychologist (b. 1901)
• 1980 – Walter Susskind, Czech-English conductor and educator (b. 1913)
• 1980 – James Wright, American poet (b. 1927)
• 1982 – Goodman Ace, American comedian and writer (b. 1899)
• 1983 – Bob Waterfield, American football player and coach (b. 1920)
• 1986 – Gloria Blondell, American actress and voice artist (b. 1910)
• 1987 – A. W. Mailvaganam, Sri Lankan physicist and academic (b. 1906)
• 1988 – Robert Joffrey, American dancer, choreographer, and director, co-founded the Joffrey Ballet (b. 1930)
• 1991 – Marcel Lefebvre, French-Swiss archbishop (b. 1905)
• 1992 – Nancy Walker, American actress, singer, and director (b. 1922)
• 1994 – Angelines Fernández, Spanish-Mexican actress (b. 1922)
• 1994 – Bernard Kangro, Estonian poet and journalist (b. 1910)
• 1994 – Max Petitpierre, Swiss jurist and politician (b. 1899)
• 1995 – James Samuel Coleman, American sociologist and academic (b. 1926)
• 1995 – Krešimir Ćosić, Croatian basketball player and coach (b. 1948)
• 1995 – John Hugenholtz, Dutch engineer (b. 1914)
• 1996 – John Snagge, English journalist (b. 1904)
• 1998 – Max Green, Australian lawyer (b. 1952)
• 1998 – Steven Schiff, American lawyer and politician (b. 1947)
• 1999 – Cal Ripken, Sr., American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1936)
• 2000 – Helen Martin, American actress (b. 1909)
• 2001 – Brian Trubshaw, English cricketer and pilot (b. 1924)
• 2002 – Kenneth Wolstenholme, English journalist and sportscaster (b. 1920)
• 2002 – Esmeray, Turkish singer (b. 1949)
• 2005 – Paul Henning, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1911)
• 2006 – Bob Carlos Clarke, Irish photographer (b. 1950)
• 2006 – Rocío Dúrcal, Spanish singer and actress (b. 1944)
• 2006 – Richard Fleischer, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1916)
• 2006 – Buck Owens, American singer and guitarist (The Buckaroos) (b. 1929)
• 2007 – Andranik Margaryan, Armenian engineer and politician, 10th Prime Minister of Armenia (b. 1951)
• 2008 – Ben Carnevale, American basketball player and coach (b. 1915)
• 2008 – Thierry Gilardi, French journalist and sportscaster (b. 1958)
• 2008 – Abby Mann, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1927)
• 2008 – Gene Puerling, American singer (The Hi-Lo's and The Singers Unlimited) (b. 1929)
• 2008 – Herb Peterson, American businessman, created the McMuffin (b. 1919)
• 2009 – Johnny Blanchard, American baseball player (b. 1933)
• 2009 – Kosuke Koyama, Japanese-American theologian and academic (b. 1929)
• 2009 – Dan Seals, American musician (Seals & Crofts) (b. 1948)
• 2009 – Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu, Turkish politician and member of the Parliament of Turkey (b. 1954)
• 2010 – Pål Bang-Hansen, Norwegian actor, director, screenwriter, and critic (b. 1937)
• 2012 – Len E. Blaylock, American businessman and politician (b. 1918)
• 2012 – Priscilla Buckley, American journalist and author (b. 1921)
• 2012 – Hal E. Chester, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1921)
• 2012 – John Crosfield, English businessman, founded Crosfield Electronics (b. 1915)
• 2012 – Edd Gould, English animator and voice actor, founded Eddsworld (b. 1988)
• 2012 – Antonio Tabucchi, Italian author and academic (b. 1943)
• 2013 – Léonce Bernard, Canadian politician, 26th Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island (b. 1943)
• 2013 – Ben Goldfaden, American basketball player and educator (b. 1913)
• 2013 – Anthony Lewis, American journalist and academic (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Jean Pickering, English runner and long jumper (b. 1929)
• 2013 – Jean-Marc Roberts, French author and screenwriter (b. 1954)
• 2013 – Lou Sleater, American baseball player (b. 1926)
• 2013 – John F. Wiley, American lieutenant, football player, and coach (b. 1920)
• 2014 – Lorna Arnold, English historian and author (b. 1915)
• 2014 – Hank Lauricella, American football player and politician (b. 1930)
• 2014 – Eddie Lawrence, American actor, singer, and playwright (b. 1919)
• 2014 – Jon Lord, Canadian businessman and politician (b. 1956)
• 2014 – Sonny Ruberto, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1946)
• 2014 – Jonathan Schell, American journalist and author (b. 1943)
• 2014 – Ralph Wilson, American businessman, founded the Buffalo Bills (b. 1918)
• 2015 – Indra Bania, Indian actor, director, and playwright (b. 1942)
• 2015 – George Fischbeck, American journalist and educator (b. 1922)
• 2015 – Pedro Reyes, Spanish comedian and actor (b. 1961)
• 2015 – Bill Slayback, American baseball player and singer (b. 1948)
• 2015 – Ron Suart, English footballer and manager (b. 1920)
• 2016 – Jishnu, Indian actor (b. 1979)

Χρυσοί Σκούφοι 2016 -Τα καλύτερα εστιατόρια

Λίγο μετά τις 9 το βράδυ της Δευτέρας, το Ball Room του

 ξενοδοχείου Μεγάλη Βρεταννία γέμισε επώνυμες παρουσίες

από τον καλλιτεχνικό και τον πολιτικό χώρο, αλλά και σεφ 

από τα πιο εκλεκτά εστιατόρια της Ελλάδας που απόλαυσαν 

η ξεχωριστή βραδιά και δοκίμασαν ένα υψηλού επιπέδου δείπνο.

Ανάμεσα στους επώνυμους που έδωσαν το “παρών” ήταν η πρώην υπουργός

 Τουρισμού Όλγα Κεφαλογιάννη, ο πρώην υπουργός Άρης Σπηλιωτόπουλος, η

 Κάτια Δανδουλάκη, ο Χρήστος Λούλης, ο Ιεροκλής Μιχαηλίδης, ο Ηλίας

 Μαμαλάκης με την σύζυγό του, ο Παύλος Τσίμας, ο Βαγγέλης Θεοδωρόπουλος,

 ο Τάσος Ιορδανίδης, ο Δημήτρης Λιγνάδης, η Θάλεια Ματίκα, ο Νίκος Ευαγγελάτος 

με την Τατιάνα Στεφανίδου, ο Θάνος Μικρούτσικος, η Μαρία Μπακοδήμου, η

 Γωγώ Μπρέμπου, η Ιωάννα Παππά, ο Γιώργος Πυρπασόπουλος, ο Φώτης

 Σεργουλόπουλος και πολλοί ακόμη.

Οι φετινοί Χρυσοί Σκούφοι σηματοδότησαν την έναρξη των εκδηλώσεων για τον

 εορτασμό των 40 χρόνων του Αθηνοράματος. Συνολικά, από τη γευσιγνωστική 

ομάδα του Αθηνοράματος και του Alpha Guide, βραβεύτηκαν 24 εστιατόρια

 από όλη την Ελλάδα με Χρυσό Σκούφο ενώ 34 ακόμη εστιατόρια απέσπασαν 

Βραβείο Ελληνικής Κουζίνας.

“Funky Gourmet” και “Etrusco” στις υψηλότερες θέσεις

Το “Funky Gourmet” του Νίκου Ρούσσου και της Γεωργιάννας Χιλιαδάκη

και το “Etrusco” του Έκτορα Μποτρίνι συνέχισαν να συγκατοικούν στην υψηλότερη θέση των καλύτερων εστιατορίων της Ελλάδας, αποτελώντας κορυφαία παραδείγματα μοντέρνας ελληνικής κουζίνας, την οποία εξελίσσουν διαρκώς, το καθένα με τον δικό του διαφορετικό τρόπο.

Η τελετή, την οποία παρουσίασαν με “γαστρονομικό” χιούμορ ο Ορέστης 

Ανδρεαδάκης, ο Κωνσταντίνος Μαρκουλάκης, ο Στέλιος Μάινας και ο Άκης 

Σακελλαρίου, είχε επετειακό χαρακτήρα κάνοντας μια αναδρομή στα πρώτα 

40 χρόνια του Αθηνοράματος και στην αντίστοιχη πορεία της γαστρονομίας στην

 Ελλάδα. Τις απονομές στα δυο κορυφαία εστιατόρια της Ελλάδας έκανε ο

 Δήμαρχος Αθηναίων Γιώργος Καμίνης.

Οι νικητές της βραδιάς:

ΤΑ ΒΡΑΒΕΙΑ: Χρυσοί Σκούφοι 2016

Etrusco, Κέρκυρα, 16,5/20 και δύο σκούφοι
Funky Gourmet, Αθήνα, 16,5/20 και δύο σκούφοι
Botrini’s, Αθήνα, 16/20 και ένας σκούφος
Σπονδή, Αθήνα, 16/20 και ένας σκούφος
Varoulko Seaside, Αθήνα, 16/20 και ένας σκούφος
Bill & Coo, Μύκονος, 15,5/20 και ένας σκούφος
CTC, Αθήνα, 15,5/20 και ένας σκούφος
F+W by Olivier Campanha 15,5/20 και ένας σκούφος
Matsuhisa Athens, Αθήνα, 15,5/20 και ένας σκούφος
Squirrel, Χαλκιδική, 15,5/20 και ένας σκούφος++++++
Tudor Hall, Αθήνα, 15,5/20 και ένας σκούφος
Abovo, Αθήνα, 15/20 και ένας σκούφος
Alfredo’s Grand Dining, Θεσσαλονίκη, 15/20 και ένας σκούφος++++++++
Apocalypsis, Πάτμος, 15/20 και ένας σκούφος
Calypso, Κρήτη, 15/20 και ένας σκούφος
Διόνυσος, Κρήτη, 15/20 και ένας σκούφος
Hytra, Αθήνα, 15/20 και ένας σκούφος
Κουκούμαβλος, Σαντορίνη, 15/20 και ένας σκούφος
Lycabettus Restaurant, Σαντορίνη, 15/20 και ένας σκούφος
Matsuhisa, Mύκονος, 15/20 και ένας σκούφος
Ντομάτα, Χαλκιδική, 15/20 και ένας σκούφος+++++++++++
Old Mill, Κρήτη, 15/20 και ένας σκούφος
Premiere, Αθήνα, 15/20 και ένας σκούφος
Water Restaurant, Χαλκιδική, 15/20 και ένας σκούφος+++++++++++~++

Βραβεία Ελληνικής Κουζίνας 2016

Αleria, Αθήνα, 14,5/20
Bασίλαινας, Αθήνα, 14,5/20
Ferryman, Κρήτη, 14,5/20
Grace, Σαντορίνη, 14,5/20
Κοντοσώρος, Φλώρινα, 14,5/20+++++++++++
Μαυρίκος, Ρόδος, 14,5/20
Milos Estiatorio, Αθήνα, 14,5/20
Παπαϊωάννου, Αθήνα, 14,5/20
Σελήνη, Σαντορίνη, 14,5/20
Τηλέμαχος Barbeque Club, Αθήνα, 14,5/20
Xasteria, Κρήτη, 14,5/20
Αθήρι, Αθήνα, 14/20
Αλέξης, Χαλκιδική, 14/20+++++++++++++
Alfredo's Garden,  Θεσσαλονίκη, 14/20++++++++++++++++
Ark, Αθήνα, 14/20
Γαστροδρόμιο εν Ολύμπω, Πιερία, 14/20++++++++++~+++++
Clochard, Θεσσαλονίκη, 14/20+++++++++++++++
Elia's Restaurant, Σκιάθος, 14/20
Έξι Κλειδιά, Πήλιο, 14/20
Erimitis, Παξοί, 14/20
Θωμάς, Φλώρινα, 14/20+++++~++++++++++
Ιώδιο, Αθήνα, 14/20
Kastri Bistro, Αθήνα, 14/20
Το Κόκκινο Ποδήλατο, Σαντορίνη, 14/20
Κρητικός, Αθήνα, 14/20
Η Μαριγούλα, Χαλκιδική, 14/20++++++++++++++~++
Μαρίνα, Χαλκιδική, 14/20++++++++++++++~+++
Μylos, Σαντορίνη, 14/20
Ναουμίδης, Αμύνταιο Φλώρινας+++++++~++++++
On the Verandah, Σπέτσες, 14/20
Πλατεία της Ανθούλας, Χαλκιδική, 14/20++++++++++
Tάσος, Θεσσαλονίκη, 14/20++++++++++++++++
Τaverna, Πελοπόννησος, 14/20
Τηλέμαχος Art Grill, Αθήνα, 14/20

Βραβεία Νέου Ταλαντούχου Σεφ

Σπύρος Αγιούς («Grace»)
Μίλτος Αρμένης («Erimitis»)
Σταμάτης Μαρμαρινός («On the Verandah»)

[edit]

• 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
• 1027 – Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1169 – Saladin becomes the emir of Egypt.
• 1344 – The Siege of Algeciras, one of the first European military engagements where gunpowder was used, comes to an end.
• 1351 – Combat of the Thirty : Thirty Breton Knights call out and defeat thirty English Knights.
• 1484 – William Caxton prints his translation of Aesop's Fables.
• 1552 – Guru Amar Das becomes the Third Sikh guru.
• 1636 – Utrecht University is founded in the Netherlands.
• 1812 – An earthquake destroys Caracas, Venezuela.
• 1812 – A political cartoon in the Boston Gazette coins the term "gerrymander" to describe oddly shaped electoral districts designed to help incumbents win reelection.
• 1830 – The Book of Mormon is published in Palmyra, New York.
• 1839 – The first Henley Royal Regatta is held.
• 1881 – Thessaly is freed and becomes part of Greece again.
• 1885 – The Métis people of the District of Saskatchewan under Louis Riel begin the North-West Rebellion against Canada.
• 1913 – Balkan Wars: Bulgarian forces capture Adrianople.
• 1915 – Ice hockey: The Vancouver Millionaires sweep the Ottawa Senators three-games-to-none to win the 1915 Stanley Cup Finals, the first championship played between the Pacific Coast Hockey Association and the National Hockey Association.
• 1917 – World War I: First Battle of Gaza – British troops are halted after 17,000 Turks block their advance.
• 1922 – The German Social Democratic Party is founded in Poland.
• 1931 – Swissair is founded as the national airline of Switzerland.
• 1931 – Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union is founded in Vietnam.
• 1934 – The United Kingdom driving test is introduced.
• 1939 – Spanish Civil War: Nationalists begin their final offensive of the war.
• 1942 – World War II: The first female prisoners arrive at Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland.
• 1945 – World War II: The Battle of Iwo Jima ends as the island is officially secured by American forces.
• 1954 – Nuclear weapons testing: The Romeo shot of Operation Castle is detonated at Bikini Atoll. Yield: 11 megatons.
• 1958 – The United States Army launches Explorer 3.
• 1958 – The African Regroupment Party is launched at a meeting in Paris.
• 1967 – Ten thousand people gather for one of many Central Park be-ins in New York City
• 1970 – South Vietnamese President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu implements a land reform program to solve the problem of land tenancy
• 1971 – East Pakistan declares its independence from Pakistan to form the People's Republic of Bangladesh and the Bangladesh Liberation War begins.
• 1975 – The Biological Weapons Convention comes into force.
• 1978 – Four days before the scheduled opening of Japan's Narita International Airport, protesters destroy much of the equipment in the control tower with Molotov cocktails.
• 1979 – Anwar al-Sadat, Menachem Begin and Jimmy Carter sign the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty in Washington, D.C.
• 1981 – Social Democratic Party (UK) founded as a party.
• 1982 – A groundbreaking ceremony for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is held in Washington, D.C..
• 1991 – Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay sign the Treaty of Asunción, establishing Mercosur, the South Common Market.
• 1991 – Five South Korean boys, nicknamed the Frog Boys, disappear while hunting for frogs and are murdered in a case that remains unsolved.
• 1991 – Local self-government is restored after three decades of centralized control in South Korea.
• 1995 – The Schengen Treaty comes into effect.
• 1997 – Thirty-nine bodies are found in the Heaven's Gate mass suicides.
• 1998 – Oued Bouaicha massacre in Algeria: Fifty-two people are killed with axes and knives, 32 of them children under the age of two.
• 1999 – The "Melissa worm" infects Microsoft word processing and e-mail systems around the world.
• 1999 – A jury in Michigan finds Dr. Jack Kevorkian guilty of second-degree murder for administering a lethal injection to a terminally ill man.
• 2005 – The Taiwanese government calls on one million Taiwanese to demonstrate in Taipei, in opposition to the Anti-Secession Law of the People's Republic of China. Around 200,000 to 300,000 attend the demonstration.
• 2010 – The ROKS Cheonan sinks off the west coast of South Korea near Baengnyeong Island in the Yellow Sea, killing 46 seamen.
• 2014 – A massive fire breaks out in Back Bay, Boston killing 2 firefighters and injuring at least 18 people.

Births[edit]

• 1031 – Malcolm III of Scotland (d. 1093)
• 1516 – Conrad Gessner, Swiss botanist and zoologist (d. 1565)
• 1554 – Charles, Duke of Mayenne (d. 1611)
• 1584 – John II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (d. 1635)
• 1634 – Domenico Freschi, Italian priest and composer (d. 1710)
• 1687 – Sophia Dorothea of Hanover (d. 1757)
• 1698 – Prokop Diviš, Czech priest, scientist and inventor (d. 1765)
• 1749 – William Blount, American politician (d. 1800)
• 1753 – Benjamin Thompson, American-French physicist and politician, Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies (d. 1814)
• 1773 – Nathaniel Bowditch, American mathematician and navigator (d. 1838)
• 1794 – Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld, German painter (d. 1872)
• 1804 – David Humphreys Storer, American physician and academic (d. 1891)
• 1814 – Charles Mackay, Scottish anthologist, journalist, and author (d. 1889)
• 1845 – Juhan Maaker, Estonian bagpipe player (d. 1930)
• 1854 – Maurice Lecoq, French target shooter (d. 1925)
• 1856 – William Massey, Irish-New Zealand farmer and politician, 19th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1925)
• 1859 – A. E. Housman, English poet and scholar (d. 1936)
• 1859 – Adolf Hurwitz, German-Swiss mathematician and academic (d. 1919)
• 1860 – André Prévost, French tennis player (d. 1919)
• 1866 – Fred Karno, English producer and manager (d. 1941)
• 1868 – Fuad I of Egypt (d. 1936)
• 1871 – Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole of Hawaii (d. 1922)
• 1874 – Robert Frost, American poet and playwright (d. 1963)
• 1875 – Max Abraham, Polish-German physicist and academic (d. 1922)
• 1875 – Syngman Rhee, South Korean journalist and politician, 1st President of South Korea (d. 1965)
• 1876 – William, Prince of Albania (d. 1945)
• 1879 – Othmar Ammann, Swiss-American engineer, designed the George Washington Bridge and Verrazano–Narrows Bridge (d. 1965)
• 1879 – Waldemar Tietgens, German rower (d. 1917)
• 1881 – Guccio Gucci, Italian fashion designer, founded Gucci (d. 1953)
• 1882 – Hermann Obrecht, Swiss politician (d. 1940)
• 1883 – Poul Reumert, Danish actor (d. 1968)
• 1884 – Wilhelm Backhaus, German pianist and educator (d. 1969)
• 1884 – Georges Imbert, French chemical engineer and inventor (d. 1950)
• 1886 – Hugh Mulzac, Vincentian-American soldier and politician (d. 1971)
• 1888 – Elsa Brändström, Swedish nurse and philanthropist (d. 1948)
• 1893 – James Bryant Conant, American chemist, academic, and diplomat, 1st United States Ambassador to West Germany (d. 1978)
• 1893 – Dhirendra Nath Ganguly, Indian actor and director (d. 1978)
• 1893 – Palmiro Togliatti, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Justice (d. 1964)
• 1894 – Viorica Ursuleac, Ukrainian-Romanian soprano and actress (d. 1985)
• 1895 – Vilho Tuulos, Finnish triple jumper (d. 1967)
• 1898 – Rudolf Dassler, German businessman, founded Puma SE (d. 1974)
• 1898 – Charles Shadwell, English conductor and bandleader (d. 1979)
• 1904 – Joseph Campbell, American mythologist and author (d. 1987)
• 1904 – Emilio Fernández, Mexican actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1986)
• 1904 – Xenophon Zolotas, Greek economist and politician, 177th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2004)
• 1905 – Monty Berman, English cinematographer and producer (d. 2006)
• 1905 – André Cluytens, Belgian-French conductor and director (d. 1967)
• 1905 – Viktor Frankl, Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist (d. 1997)
• 1906 – Rafael Méndez, Mexican trumpet player and composer (d. 1981)
• 1907 – Azellus Denis, Canadian lawyer and politician, Postmaster General of Canada (d. 1991)
• 1907 – Mahadevi Varma, Indian poet and activist (d. 1987)
• 1908 – Franz Stangl, Austrian-German SS officer (d. 1971)
• 1908 – Henry (Hank) Sylvern, American organist and composer (d. 1964)
• 1909 – Chips Rafferty, Australian actor (d. 1971)
• 1910 – K. W. Devanayagam, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 10th Sri Lankan Minister of Justice (d. 2002)
• 1911 – Lennart Atterwall, Swedish javelin thrower (d. 2001)
• 1911 – J. L. Austin, English philosopher and academic (d. 1960)
• 1911 – T. Hee, American animator and director (d. 1988)
• 1911 – Bernard Katz, German-English biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2003)
• 1911 – Tennessee Williams, American playwright, author, and poet (d. 1983)
• 1913 – Jacqueline de Romilly, French philologist, author, and scholar (d. 2010)
• 1913 – Paul Erdős, Hungarian-Polish mathematician and academic (d. 1996)
• 1913 – Salme Rootare, Estonian chess player (d. 1987)
• 1914 – Toru Kumon, Japanese mathematician and academic (d. 1995)
• 1914 – William Westmoreland, American general (d. 2005)
• 1915 – Lennart Strandberg, Swedish sprinter (d. 1989)
• 1915 – Hwang Sun-won, North Korean author and poet (d. 2000)
• 1916 – Christian B. Anfinsen, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
• 1916 – Bill Edrich, English cricketer and footballer (d. 1986)
• 1916 – Sterling Hayden, American actor and author (d. 1986)
• 1916 – Harry Rabinowitz, South African-American composer and conductor
• 1917 – Ed Peck, American actor (d. 1992)
• 1919 – Roger Leger, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1965)
• 1919 – Strother Martin, American actor (d. 1980)
• 1920 – Sergio Livingstone, Chilean footballer and journalist (d. 2012)
• 1922 – Oscar Sala, Italian-Brazilian physicist and academic (d. 2010)
• 1922 – Guido Stampacchia, Italian mathematician and academic (d. 1978)
• 1923 – Gert Bastian, German general and politician (d. 1992)
• 1923 – Bob Elliott, American comedian, actor, and screenwriter (d. 2016)
• 1925 – Maqsood Ahmed, Pakistani cricketer (d. 1999)
• 1925 – Pierre Boulez, French pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 2016)
• 1925 – Edward Graham, Baron Graham of Edmonton, English soldier and politician
• 1925 – Ben Mondor, Canadian-American businessman (d. 2010)
• 1925 – James Moody, American saxophonist and composer (d. 2010)
• 1926 – T. Sivasithamparam, Sri Lankan politician (d. 1992)
• 1927 – Harold Chapman, English photographer
• 1929 – Edwin Turney, American businessman, co-founded Advanced Micro Devices (d. 2008)
• 1930 – Gregory Corso, American poet and author (d. 2001)
• 1930 – Sandra Day O'Connor, American lawyer and jurist
• 1931 – Leonard Nimoy, American actor, singer, and director (d. 2015)
• 1932 – Leroy Griffith, American businessman
• 1933 – Vine Deloria, Jr., American historian, author, and theologian (d. 2005)
• 1933 – Acharya Kuber Nath Rai, Indian poet and scholar (d. 1996)
• 1934 – Alan Arkin, American actor, singer, and director
• 1935 – Mahmoud Abbas, Palestinian politician, 2nd President of the State of Palestine
• 1935 – Stig Pettersson, Swedish high jumper
• 1936 – Giora Feidman, Argentinian-Israeli clarinet player
• 1936 – Harry Kalas, American sportscaster (d. 2009)
• 1937 – Wayne Embry, American basketball player and manager
• 1937 – Barbara Jones, American sprinter
• 1937 – James Lee, Canadian businessman and politician, 26th Premier of Prince Edward Island
• 1938 – Norman Ackroyd, English painter and illustrator
• 1938 – Anthony James Leggett, English-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1939 – Phillip Allen, American stage, film, and television actor (d. 2012)
• 1940 – James Caan, American actor and singer
• 1940 – Nancy Pelosi, American lawyer and politician, 60th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
• 1941 – Richard Dawkins, Kenyan-English ethologist, biologist, and academic
• 1941 – Yvon Marcoux, Canadian lawyer and politician
• 1942 – Erica Jong, American author and poet
• 1943 – Mustafa Kalemli, Turkish physician and politician, Turkish Minister of the Interior
• 1943 – Bob Woodward, American journalist and author
• 1944 – Igor Mitoraj, German-Polish sculptor (d. 2014)
• 1944 – Diana Ross, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress (The Supremes)
• 1945 – Mikhail Voronin, Russian gymnast and coach (d. 2004)
• 1946 – Johnny Crawford, American actor, singer and musician
• 1946 – Jiří Kabeš, Czech singer-songwriter and violinist (The Plastic People of the Universe)
• 1946 – Alain Madelin, French politician, French Minister of Finance
• 1947 – Dar Robinson, American stuntman and actor (d. 1986)
• 1948 – Kyung-wha Chung, South Korean violinist and educator
• 1948 – José Luis García-López, Spanish-American illustrator
• 1948 – Ayumi Ishida, Japanese singer and actress
• 1948 – Richard Tandy, English keyboard player (Electric Light Orchestra)
• 1948 – Steven Tyler, American singer-songwriter and actor (Aerosmith and Chain Reaction)
• 1948 – Nash the Slash, Canadian violinist and mandolin player (FM) (d. 2014)
• 1949 – Jon English, English-Australian singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2016)
• 1949 – Rudi Koertzen, South African cricketer and umpire
• 1949 – Vicki Lawrence, American actress and singer
• 1949 – Fran Sheehan, American bass player (Boston)
• 1949 – Patrick Süskind, German author and screenwriter
• 1949 – Ernest Lee Thomas, American actor and producer
• 1950 – Teddy Pendergrass, American singer-songwriter (Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes) (d. 2010)
• 1950 – Martin Short, Canadian-American actor, screenwriter, and producer
• 1950 – Alan Silvestri, American composer and conductor
• 1951 – Jānis Paukštello, Latvian actor
• 1951 – Carl Wieman, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1952 – T. A. Barron, American author
• 1952 – Didier Pironi, French race car driver (d. 1987)
• 1953 – Lincoln Chafee, American academic and politician, 74th Governor of Rhode Island
• 1953 – Elaine Chao, Taiwanese-American banker and politician, 24th United States Secretary of Labor
• 1953 – Tatyana Providokhina, Russian runner
• 1953 – Youssouf Togoïmi, Chadian politician (d. 2002)
• 1954 – Kazuhiko Inoue, Japanese voice actor and singer
• 1954 – Clive Palmer, Australian businessman and politician
• 1954 – Curtis Sliwa, American talk show host and activist, founded Guardian Angels
• 1955 – Danny Arndt, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1956 – Charly McClain, American singer-songwriter
• 1956 – Park Won-soon, South Korean lawyer and politician, 35th Mayor of Seoul
• 1957 – Fiona Bruce, Scottish lawyer and politician
• 1957 – Leeza Gibbons, American talk show host
• 1957 – Paul Morley, English journalist, producer, and author
• 1958 – Chris Codiroli, American baseball player
• 1958 – Elio de Angelis, Italian race car driver (d. 1986)
• 1959 – Chris Hansen, American journalist
• 1960 – Marcus Allen, American football player and sportscaster
• 1960 – Jennifer Grey, American actress and dancer
• 1960 – Øystein Mæland, Norwegian psychiatrist and politician
• 1961 – Leigh Bowery, Australian actor, singer, and fashion designer (d. 1994)
• 1961 – William Hague, English historian and politician, First Secretary of State
• 1961 – Billy Warlock, American actor
• 1962 – Richard Coles, English pianist, saxophonist, and priest (The Communards)
• 1962 – Eric Allan Kramer, American actor
• 1962 – Kevin Seitzer, American baseball player and coach
• 1962 – John Stockton, American basketball player and coach
• 1963 – Natsuhiko Kyogoku, Japanese author
• 1963 – Roch Voisine, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1964 – Todd Barry, American comedian and actor
• 1964 – Martin Bella, Australian rugby league player
• 1964 – Martin Donnelly, Irish race car driver
• 1964 – Maria Miller, English businessman and politician, Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport
• 1964 – Ulf Samuelsson, Swedish-American ice hockey player and coach
• 1965 – Trey Azagthoth, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer (Morbid Angel)
• 1965 – Violeta Szekely, Romanian runner
• 1966 – Lilian Greenwood, English politician
• 1966 – Michael Imperioli, American actor and screenwriter
• 1966 – Nick Wirth, English engineer, founded Wirth Research
• 1968 – Laurent Brochard, French cyclist
• 1968 – Kenny Chesney, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1968 – James Iha, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer (The Smashing Pumpkins, A Perfect Circle, Whiskeytown, and Tinted Windows)
• 1969 – Mahsun Kırmızıgül, Turkish singer–songwriter, actor, and producer
• 1969 – Alessandro Moscardi, Italian rugby player
• 1970 – Paul Bosvelt, Dutch footballer
• 1970 – Jelle Goes, Dutch footballer and coach
• 1970 – Thomas Kyparissis, Greek footballer
• 1970 – Martin McDonagh, English-Irish playwright, screenwriter, and director
• 1971 – Behzad Ghorbani, Iranian zoologist and planarialogist
• 1971 – Rennae Stubbs, Australian tennis player and sportscaster
• 1971 – Tommie Sunshine, American DJ and producer
• 1971 – Paul Williams, English footballer and manager
• 1972 – Leslie Mann, American actress
• 1972 – Jason Maxwell, American baseball player
• 1972 – Jon Reep, American comedian and actor
• 1973 – Matt Burke, Australian rugby player and sportscaster
• 1973 – Heather Goldenhersh, American actress
• 1973 – T. R. Knight, American actor
• 1973 – Larry Page, American computer scientist and businessman, co-founded Google
• 1974 – Kumiko Goto, Japanese singer and actress
• 1974 – Natasha Leggero, American actress and comedian
• 1974 – Michael Peca, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1974 – Vadimas Petrenko, Lithuanian footballer
• 1976 – Joachim Alcine, Haitian-Canadian boxer
• 1976 – Natalia Livingston, American actress and producer
• 1976 – Amy Smart, American model and actress
• 1976 – Ufuk Talay, Australian footballer and manager
• 1976 – Nurgül Yeşilçay, Turkish actress
• 1977 – Kevin Davies, English footballer
• 1977 – Sylvain Grenier, Canadian wrestler, referee, and sportscaster
• 1977 – Bianca Kajlich, American actress
• 1977 – Håvard Stubø, Norwegian guitarist
• 1977 – Seth Lakeman, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Lakeman Brothers and Equation)
• 1978 – Anastasia Kostaki, Greek basketball player
• 1979 – Nacho Novo, Spanish footballer
• 1979 – Hiromi Uehara, Japanese pianist and composer
• 1979 – Pierre Womé, Cameroonian footballer
• 1980 – Ryouhei Abe, Japanese actor
• 1980 – Niina Kelo, Finnish heptathlete
• 1980 – Son Hoyoung, American-South Korean singer, dancer, and actor (g.o.d)
• 1980 – Richie Wellens, English footballer
• 1981 – Baruch Dego, Ethiopian-Israeli footballer
• 1981 – Massimo Donati, Italian footballer
• 1981 – Jay Sean, English singer-songwriter and producer
• 1981 – Ai Shimizu, Japanese voice actress and wrestler
• 1981 – Josh Wilson, American baseball player
• 1982 – Mikel Arteta, Spanish footballer
• 1982 – Brendan Ryan, American baseball player
• 1982 – Nate Kaeding, American football player
• 1983 – Roman Bednář, Czech footballer
• 1983 – Mike Mondo, American wrestler
• 1983 – Anti Saarepuu, Estonian skier
• 1984 – Jimmy Howard, American ice hockey player
• 1984 – Stéphanie Lapointe, Canadian singer-songwriter and actress
• 1984 – David McGowan, English footballer
• 1984 – Felix Neureuther, German skier
• 1984 – Alberto Schettino, Italian footballer
• 1984 – Marco Stier, German footballer
• 1984 – Gregory Strydom, Zimbabwean cricketer
• 1984 – Sara Jean Underwood, American model, actress, and television host
• 1985 – Jonathan Groff, American actor and singer
• 1985 – Keira Knightley, English actress and singer
• 1985 – Prosper Utseya, Zimbabwean cricketer
• 1985 – Matt Grevers, American swimmer
• 1986 – Maxime Biset, Belgian footballer
• 1986 – Jonny Craig, Canadian-American singer-songwriter (Dance Gavin Dance, Emarosa, Slaves, and Isles & Glaciers)
• 1986 – Emma Laine, Finnish tennis player
• 1987 – Yui, Japanese singer-songwriter and actress
• 1987 – Jermichael Finley, American football player
• 1987 – Steven Fletcher, Scottish footballer
• 1987 – Ondřej Kúdela, Czech footballer
• 1988 – Suvi Koponen, Finnish-American model and actress
• 1989 – Simon Kjær, Danish footballer
• 1989 – Josiah Leming, American singer-songwriter
• 1989 – Von Miller, American football player
• 1990 – Matteo Guidicelli, Filipino actor, singer, and race car driver
• 1990 – Yuya Takaki, Japanese singer and actor (Hey! Say! JUMP)
• 1990 – Yūya Yagira, Japanese actor
• 1991 – Matt Davidson, American baseball player
• 1992 – Haley Ramm, American actress
• 1994 – Jed Wallace, English footballer
• 1994 – Mayu Watanabe, Japanese singer and actress (AKB48 and Watarirouka Hashiritai)
• 1994 – Freya Tingley, Australian actress
• 1996 – Kathryn Bernardo, Filipino actress, singer, endorser, recording artist, and model

Deaths[edit]

• 752 – Pope-elect Stephen
• 922 – Mansur Al-Hallaj, Persian mystic and poet (b. 858)
• 983 – 'Adud al-Dawla, Iranian ruler (b. 936)
• 1130 – Sigurd the Crusader, Norwegian king (b. 1090)
• 1132 – Geoffrey of Vendôme, French cardinal and theologian (b. 1065)
• 1212 – Sancho I of Portugal (b. 1154)
• 1517 – Heinrich Isaac, Flemish composer (b. 1450)
• 1535 – Georg Tannstetter, Austrian mathematician, astronomer, and cartographer (b. 1482)
• 1546 – Thomas Elyot, English scholar and diplomat (b. 1490)
• 1566 – Antonio de Cabezón, Spanish organist and composer (b. 1510)
• 1649 – John Winthrop, English lawyer and politician, 2nd Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
• 1679 – Johannes Schefferus, Swedish historian and author (b. 1621)
• 1697 – Godfrey McCulloch, Scottish politician (b. 1640)
• 1726 – John Vanbrugh, English playwright and architect, designed Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard (b. 1664)
• 1772 – Charles Pinot Duclos, French author and politician (b. 1704)
• 1776 – Samuel Ward, American jurist and politician, 31st Governor of the Colony of Rhode Island (b. 1725)
• 1780 – Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (b. 1713)
• 1793 – John Mudge, English physician and engineer (b. 1721)
• 1797 – James Hutton, Scottish geologist and physician (b. 1726)
• 1814 – Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, French physician and politician (b. 1738)
• 1827 – Ludwig van Beethoven, German pianist and composer (b. 1770)
• 1858 – John Addison Thomas, American lieutenant, engineer, and politician, 3rd United States Assistant Secretary of State (b. 1811)
• 1862 – Uriah P. Levy, American commander (b. 1792)
• 1881 – Roman Sanguszko, Polish general and activist (b. 1800)
• 1885 – Anson Stager, American general and businessman, co-founded Western Union (b. 1825)
• 1888 – Barghash bin Said of Zanzibar (b. 1837)
• 1892 – Walt Whitman, American poet, essayist, and journalist (b. 1819)
• 1902 – Cecil John Rhodes, English-South African colonialist, businessman and politician, 6th Prime Minister of the Cape Colony (b. 1853)
• 1905 – Maurice Barrymore, Indian-American actor (b. 1849)
• 1910 – Auguste Charlois, French astronomer (b. 1864)
• 1910 – An Jung-geun, North Korean activist (b. 1879)
• 1920 – William Chester Minor, Sri Lankan-American surgeon and lexicographer (b. 1834)
• 1923 – Sarah Bernhardt, French actress and screenwriter (b. 1844)
• 1926 – Constantin Fehrenbach, German lawyer and politician, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1852)
• 1932 – Henry M. Leland, American machinist, inventor, engineer, automotive entrepreneur and founded of Cadillac and Lincoln (b. 1843)
• 1933 – Eddie Lang, American guitarist (b. 1902)
• 1934 – John Biller, American jumper and discus thrower (b. 1877)
• 1940 – Wilhelm Anderson, Belarusian-German astrophysicist and academic (b. 1880)
• 1940 – Spyridon Louis, Greek runner (b. 1873)
• 1942 – Jimmy Burke, American baseball player and manager (b. 1874)
• 1945 – David Lloyd George, English-Welsh lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1863)
• 1948 – Emile St. Godard, Canadian dog sled racer (b. 1905)
• 1951 – James F. Hinkle, American banker and politician, 6th Governor of New Mexico (b. 1864)
• 1954 – Charles Perrin, French rower (b. 1875)
• 1957 – Édouard Herriot, French politician, Prime Minister of France (b. 1872)
• 1958 – Phil Mead, English cricketer and footballer (b. 1887)
• 1959 – Raymond Chandler, American author and screenwriter (b. 1888)
• 1962 – Cyrillus Kreek, Estonian trombonist and composer (b. 1889)
• 1966 – Victor Hochepied, French swimmer (b. 1883)
• 1969 – John Kennedy Toole, American soldier, author, and academic (b. 1937)
• 1973 – Noël Coward, English playwright, actor, and composer (b. 1899)
• 1973 – Johnny Drake, American football player (b. 1916)
• 1973 – Don Messer, Canadian-American fiddler (b. 1909)
• 1973 – George Sisler, American baseball player and scout (b. 1893)
• 1976 – Lin Yutang, Chinese linguist and author (b. 1895)
• 1978 – Wilfred Pickles, English actor and radio host (b. 1904)
• 1979 – Beauford Delaney, American-French painter (b. 1901)
• 1979 – Jean Stafford, American author and academic (b. 1915)
• 1980 – Roland Barthes, French linguist and critic (b. 1915)
• 1983 – Anthony Blunt, English historian and spy (b. 1907)
• 1984 – Ahmed Sékou Touré, Guinean politician, 1st President of Guinea (b. 1922)
• 1987 – Eugen Jochum, German conductor (b. 1902)
• 1987 – Walter Abel, American stage and film character actor (b. 1898)
• 1989 – Hai Zi, Chinese poet and educator (b. 1964)
• 1990 – Halston, American fashion designer (b. 1932)
• 1992 – Barbara Frum, American-Canadian journalist and radio host (b. 1937)
• 1993 – Louis Falco, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1942)
• 1995 – Eazy-E, American rapper and producer (N.W.A) (b. 1963)
• 1996 – Edmund Muskie, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 58th United States Secretary of State (b. 1914)
• 1996 – David Packard, American engineer and businessman, co-founded Hewlett-Packard (b. 1912)
• 2000 – Alex Comfort, English physician and author (b. 1920)
• 2002 – Randy Castillo, American drummer and songwriter (Red Square Black and Mötley Crüe) (b. 1950)
• 2003 – Daniel Patrick Moynihan, American sociologist and politician, 12th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (b. 1927)
• 2004 – Jan Sterling, American actress (b. 1921)
• 2005 – James Callaghan, English lieutenant and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1912)
• 2005 – Gérard Filion, Canadian journalist and publisher (b. 1909)
• 2005 – Paul Hester, Australian drummer (Split Enz, Crowded House, Deckchairs Overboard, and Tarmac Adam) (b. 1959)
• 2005 – Marius Russo, American baseball player and soldier (b. 1914)
• 2005 – Frederick Rotimi Williams Nigerian lawyer and politician (b. 1920)
• 2005 – Frank Searle, Scottish zoologist and photographer (b. 1921)
• 2006 – Anil Biswas, Indian journalist and politician (b. 1944)
• 2006 – Paul Dana, American race car driver (b. 1975)
• 2006 – Nikki Sudden, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Jacobites and Swell Maps) (b. 1956)
• 2008 – Heath Benedict, Dutch-American football player (b. 1983)
• 2008 – Robert Fagles, American poet and academic (b. 1933)
• 2008 – Manuel Marulanda, Colombian rebel leader (b. 1930)
• 2009 – Shane McConkey, Canadian skier and BASE jumper (b. 1969)
• 2010 – Charles Ryskamp, American art collector and curator (b. 1928)
• 2011 – Roger Abbott, English-Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1946)
• 2011 – Geraldine Ferraro, American lawyer and politician (b. 1935)
• 2011 – Diana Wynne Jones, English author (b. 1934)
• 2012 – Sisto Averno, American football player (b. 1925)
• 2012 – Michael Begley, Irish carpenter and politician (b. 1932)
• 2012 – Thomas M. Cover, American theorist and academic (b. 1938)
• 2012 – David Craighead, American organist and educator (b. 1924)
• 2012 – Manik Godghate, Indian poet and educator (b. 1937)
• 2012 – Helmer Ringgren, Swedish theologian and academic (b. 1917)
• 2012 – Stella Tanner, English actress (b. 1925)
• 2013 – Tom Boerwinkle, American basketball player and sportscaster (b. 1945)
• 2013 – Krzysztof Kozłowski, Polish journalist and politician, Polish Minister of Interior (b. 1931)
• 2013 – Dave Leggett, American baseball player (b. 1933)
• 2013 – Patricia McCormick, American bullfighter (b. 1929)
• 2013 – Nikola Mladenov, Macedonian journalist and actor (b. 1964)
• 2013 – Jerzy Nowak, Polish actor and educator (b. 1923)
• 2013 – Don Payne, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1964)
• 2013 – Nikolai Sorokin, Russian actor and director (b. 1952)
• 2014 – Roger Birkman, American psychologist and author (b. 1919)
• 2014 – Dick Guidry, American businessman and politician (b. 1929)
• 2014 – Marcus Kimball, Baron Kimball, English politician (b. 1928)
• 2015 – Dinkha IV, Iraqi patriarch (b. 1935)
• 2015 – Friedrich L. Bauer, German mathematician, computer scientist, and academic (b. 1924)
• 2015 – John Renbourn, English-Scottish guitarist and songwriter (Pentangle) (b. 1944)
• 2015 – Tomas Tranströmer, Swedish psychologist, poet, and translator, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1931)

Cuba: Rolling Stones rock Havana with landmark gig

Image copyrightReuters

The Rolling Stones have rocked Havana, playing to tens of thousands in the Cuban capital, where foreign rock music was banned for several decades. 

Many of those at the free concert were lifelong fans who for years had to keep quiet about their love of the Stones and other groups. 

Mick Jagger welcomed fans in Spanish before opening the performance with the 1968 hit Jumpin' Jack Flash. 

The concert comes days after a historic visit by US President Barack Obama.

Tens of thousands of Cubans queued for hours to get into the grounds of Havana's huge Ciudad Deportiva venue. 

"Hello, Havana. Good evening, my people of Cuba," said Jagger before beginning the eagerly awaited performance.

The gig is being seen as another sign of real change on the island. Until about 15 years ago Cuba's communist government banned most Western rock and pop music, which was deemed decadent and subversive. 

But Cuba has changed significantly in recent years, particularly in the past 18 months as the process of rapprochement with the United States has quickened, says the BBC's Will Grant in Havana.

Image copyrightAFP

Fans travelled from many parts of Cuba and other countries to witness what some described as a historic moment.

"It was forbidden. We couldn't have the Beatles or some singers from Latin America. Now we are allowed to hear what we want to hear," a fan told the BBC.

"The visit from Obama [earlier this week], and now the Rolling Stones. It's just unique and historic. So, yeah, nice to be here," said another one.

"After today I can die," Joaquin Ortiz, a 62-year-old night watchman, told the Associated Press. "This is like my last wish, seeing the Rolling Stones."

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The Rolling Stones released a short video saying their concert was a sign of change in Cuba.

"Time changes everything. So we're very pleased to be here," said Mick Jagger.

"It would have been surprising for this to happen 10 years ago," he added.

Cuban authorities said they expected at least half a million people to watch the British band's first concert in Cuba.