[edit]

• 238 – Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperors.
• 871 – Æthelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army at the Battle of Marton.
• 1508 – Ferdinand II of Aragon commissions Amerigo Vespucci chief navigator of the Spanish Empire.
• 1621 – The Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony sign a peace treaty with Massasoit of the Wampanoags.
• 1622 – Jamestown massacre: Algonquian Indians kill 347 English settlers around Jamestown, Virginia, a third of the colony's population, during the Second Anglo-Powhatan War.
• 1630 – The Massachusetts Bay Colony outlaws the possession of cards, dice, and gaming tables.
• 1638 – Anne Hutchinson is expelled from Massachusetts Bay Colony for religious dissent.
• 1713 – The Tuscarora War comes to an end with the fall of Fort Neoheroka, effectively opening up the interior of North Carolina to European colonization.
• 1739 – Nader Shah occupies Delhi in India and sacks the city, stealing the jewels of the Peacock Throne.
• 1765 – The British Parliament passes the Stamp Act that introduces a tax to be levied directly on its American colonies.
• 1784 – The Emerald Buddha is moved with great ceremony to its current location in Wat Phra Kaew, Thailand.
• 1829 – In the London Protocol, the three protecting powers (United Kingdom, France and Russia) establish the borders of Greece.
• 1849 – The Austrians defeat the Piedmontese at the Battle of Novara.
• 1871 – In North Carolina, William Woods Holden becomes the first governor of a U.S. state to be removed from office by impeachment.
• 1872 – Illinois becomes the first state to require gender equality in employment
• 1873 – A law is approved by the Spanish National Assembly in Puerto Rico to abolish slavery.
• 1894 – The first playoff game for the Stanley Cup starts.
• 1906 – The first England vs France rugby union match is played at Parc des Princes in Paris
• 1912– The State of Bihar, India was formed out of the State of Bengal.
• 1916 – The last Emperor of China, Yuan Shikai, abdicates the throne and the Republic of China is restored.
• 1920 – Azeri and Turkish army soldiers with participation of Kurdish gangs attacked the Armenian inhabitants of Shushi (Nagorno Karabakh).
• 1939 – World War II: Germany takes Memel from Lithuania.
• 1942 – World War II: In the Mediterranean Sea, the Royal Navy confronts Italy's Regia Marina in the Second Battle of Sirte.
• 1943 – World War II: the entire population of Khatyn in Belarus is burnt alive by German occupation forces.
• 1945 – The Arab League is founded when a charter is adopted in Cairo, Egypt.
• 1954 – Closed since 1939, the London bullion market reopens.
• 1960 – Arthur Leonard Schawlow and Charles Hard Townes receive the first patent for a laser
• 1963 – The Beatles' first album, Please Please Me, is released in the United Kingdom.
• 1972 – The United States Congress sends the Equal Rights Amendment to the states for ratification.
• 1972 – In Eisenstadt v. Baird, the United States Supreme Court decides that unmarried persons have the right to possess contraceptives.
• 1975 – A fire at the Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant in Decatur, Alabama causes a dangerous reduction in cooling water levels.
• 1978 – Karl Wallenda of The Flying Wallendas dies after falling off a tight-rope between two hotels in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
• 1982 – NASA's Space Shuttle Columbia, is launched from the Kennedy Space Center on its third mission, STS-3.
• 1984 – Teachers at the McMartin preschool in Manhattan Beach, California are charged with satanic ritual abuse of the children in the school. The charges are later dropped as completely unfounded.
• 1989 – Clint Malarchuk of the Buffalo Sabres suffers a near-fatal injury when another player's skate accidentally slits his throat.
• 1992 – USAir Flight 405 crashes shortly after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport, leading to a number of studies into the effect that ice has on aircraft.
• 1992 – Fall of communism in Albania: The Democratic Party of Albania wins a decisive majority in the parliamentary election.
• 1993 – The Intel Corporation ships the first Pentium chips (80586), featuring a 60 MHz clock speed, 100+ MIPS, and a 64 bit data path.
• 1995 – Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov returns to earth after setting a record of 438 days in space.
• 1997 – Tara Lipinski, age 14 years and 10 months, becomes the youngest women's World Figure Skating Champion.
• 1997 – The Comet Hale–Bopp has its closest approach to Earth.
• 2004 – Ahmed Yassin, co-founder and leader of the Palestinian Sunni Islamist group Hamas, two bodyguards, and nine civilian bystanders are killed in the Gaza Strip when hit by Israeli Air Force AH-64 Apache fired Hellfire missiles.
• 2006 – Three Christian Peacemaker Team hostages are freed by British forces in Baghdad after 118 days of captivity and the murder of their colleague, American Tom Fox.
• 2013 – At least 37 people are killed and 200 are injured after a fire destroys a camp containing Burmese refugees near Ban Mae, Thailand.
• 2013 - The alternative band My Chemical Romance broke up.
• 2014 – Forty-three people are killed in a mudslide near Oso, Washington.
• 2014 – At least 251 people die when a boat capsizes in Lake Albert.

Births[edit]

• 841 – Bernard Plantapilosa, French son of Bernard of Septimania (d. 885)
• 875 – William I, Duke of Aquitaine (d. 918)
• 1212 – Emperor Go-Horikawa of Japan (d. 1235)
• 1366 – Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, English politician, Earl Marshal of the United Kingdom (d. 1399)
• 1394 – Ulugh Beg, Persian astronomer and mathematician (d. 1449)
• 1459 – Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1519)
• 1503 – Antonio Francesco Grazzini, Italian author and educator (d. 1583)
• 1599 – Anthony van Dyck, Flemish-English painter and etcher (d. 1641)
• 1609 – John II Casimir Vasa, Polish king (d. 1672)
• 1663 – August Hermann Francke, German clergyman, philanthropist, and scholar (d. 1727)
• 1684 – William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, English politician, Secretary at War (d. 1764)
• 1712 – Edward Moore, English poet and playwright (d. 1757)
• 1720 – Nicolas-Henri Jardin, French architect, designed the Yellow Palace and Bernstorff Palace (d. 1799)
• 1723 – Charles Carroll, American lawyer and politician (d. 1783)
• 1728 – Anton Raphael Mengs, German painter and theorist (d. 1779)
• 1759 – Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp (d. 1818)
• 1785 – Adam Sedgwick, English scientist (d. 1873)
• 1797 – William I, German Emperor (d. 1888)
• 1808 – David Swinson Maynard, American physician and lawyer (d. 1873)
• 1812 – Stephen Pearl Andrews, American author and activist (d. 1886)
• 1814 – Thomas Crawford, American sculptor, designed the Statue of Freedom (d. 1857)
• 1817 – Braxton Bragg, American general (d. 1876)
• 1818 – John Ainsworth Horrocks, English-Australian explorer, founded Penwortham (d. 1846)
• 1837 – Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione (d. 1899)
• 1842 – Mykola Lysenko, Ukrainian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1912)
• 1846 – Randolph Caldecott, English illustrator and painter (d. 1886)
• 1846 – James Timberlake, American lieutenant, police officer, and farmer (d. 1891)
• 1852 – Otakar Ševčík, Czech violinist and educator (d. 1934)
• 1852 – Hector Sévin, French cardinal (d. 1916)
• 1857 – Paul Doumer, French mathematician, journalist, and politician, 14th President of France (d. 1932)
• 1866 – Jack Boyle, American baseball player and umpire (d. 1913)
• 1868 – Robert Andrews Millikan, American colonel and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1953)
• 1869 – Tom McInnes, Scottish-English footballer (d. 1939)
• 1873 – Ernest Lawson, Canadian-American painter (d. 1939)
• 1878 – Michel Théato, Luxembourgian-French runner (d. 1919)
• 1880 – Ernest C. Quigley, Canadian-American football player and coach (d. 1960)
• 1884 – Arthur H. Vandenberg, American journalist and politician (d. 1951)
• 1885 – Aryeh Levin, Polish-Lithuanian rabbi and educator (d. 1969)
• 1886 – August Rei, Estonian lawyer and politician, Head of State of Estonia (d. 1963)
• 1887 – Chico Marx, American actor and singer (d. 1961)
• 1890 – George Clark, American racing driver (d. 1978)
• 1892 – Johannes Semper, Estonian poet and scholar (d. 1970)
• 1896 – He Long, Chinese general and politician, 1st Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China (d. 1969)
• 1896 – Joseph Schildkraut, Austrian-American actor (d. 1964)
• 1899 – Ruth Page, American ballerina and choreographer (d. 1991)
• 1901 – Greta Kempton, Austrian-American painter (d. 1991)
• 1902 – Johannes Brinkman, Dutch architect, designed the Van Nelle Factory (d. 1949)
• 1902 – Madeleine Milhaud, French actress and composer (d. 2008)
• 1903 – Bill Holman, American cartoonist (d. 1987)
• 1907 – James M. Gavin, American general and diplomat, United States Ambassador to France (d. 1990)
• 1908 – Jack Crawford, Australian tennis player (d. 1991)
• 1908 – Louis L'Amour, American author and poet (d. 1988)
• 1909 – Gabrielle Roy, Canadian author and educator (d. 1983)
• 1910 – Nicholas Monsarrat, English sailor and author (d. 1979)
• 1912 – Wilfrid Brambell, Irish-English actor (d. 1985)
• 1912 – Karl Malden, American actor, singer, and director (d. 2009)
• 1912 – Agnes Martin, Canadian-American painter and educator (d. 2004)
• 1912 – Leslie Johnson, English race car driver (d. 1959)
• 1913 – Sabiha Gökçen, Turkish soldier and pilot (d. 2001)
• 1913 – Tom McCall, American journalist and politician, 30th Governor of Oregon (d. 1983)
• 1913 – Lew Wasserman, American businessman and talent agent (d. 2002)
• 1914 – John Stanley, American author and illustrator (d. 1993)
• 1914 – Donald Stokes, Baron Stokes, English businessman (d. 2008)
• 1917 – Virginia Grey, American actress (d. 2004)
• 1917 – Irving Kaplansky, Canadian-American mathematician and academic (d. 2006)
• 1917 – Paul Rogers, English actor (d. 2013)
• 1918 – Cheddi Jagan, Guyanese politician, 4th President of Guyana (d. 1997)
• 1919 – Bernard Krigstein, American illustrator (d. 1990)
• 1920 – James Brown, American actor and singer (d. 1992)
• 1920 – Werner Klemperer, German-American actor and singer (d. 2000)
• 1920 – Ross Martin, Polish-American actor and director (d. 1981)
• 1920 – Lloyd MacPhail, Canadian businessman and politician, 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island (d. 1995)
• 1920 – Fanny Waterman, English pianist and educator, founded the Leeds International Pianoforte Competition
• 1921 – Nino Manfredi, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2004)
• 1922 – John J. Gilligan, American lieutenant and politician, 62nd Governor of Ohio (d. 2013)
• 1922 – Stewart Stern, American screenwriter (d. 2015)
• 1923 – Carmen Filpi, American actor (d. 2003)
• 1923 – Marcel Marceau, French mime and actor (d. 2007)
• 1924 – Al Neuharth, American journalist and author, founded USA Today (d. 2013)
• 1924 – Yevgeny Ostashev, Russian colonel, pilot, and engineer (d. 1960)
• 1924 – Bill Roost, English footballer (d. 2013)
• 1924 – Osman F. Seden, Turkish director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1998)
• 1924 – Bill Wendell, American television announcer (d. 1999)
• 1925 – Gilles Pelletier, Canadian actor
• 1927 – Marty Blake, American basketball player and manager (d. 2013)
• 1928 – Carrie Donovan, American journalist (d. 2001)
• 1928 – E. D. Hirsch, American author, critic, and academic
• 1928 – Ed Macauley, American basketball player, coach, and priest (d. 2011)
• 1929 – Mort Drucker, American illustrator
• 1929 – Yayoi Kusama, Japanese painter and sculptor
• 1930 – Derek Bok, American lawyer and academic
• 1930 – Pat Robertson, American minister and broadcaster, founded the Christian Broadcasting Network
• 1930 – Stephen Sondheim, American composer and songwriter
• 1931 – Burton Richter, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1931 – William Shatner, Canadian-American actor, singer, director, and producer
• 1931 – Leslie Thomas, Welsh journalist and author (d. 2014)
• 1932 – Els Borst, Dutch physician and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 2014)
• 1932 – Larry Evans, American chess player and journalist (d. 2010)
• 1933 – Abolhassan Banisadr, Iranian economist and politician, 1st President of Iran
• 1933 – May Britt, Swedish-American actress
• 1934 – Sheila Cameron, English lawyer and judge
• 1934 – Orrin Hatch, American lawyer and politician
• 1934 – Kyosen Ōhashi, Japanese television host and writer
• 1935 – Frank Pulli, American baseball player and umpire (d. 2013)
• 1935 – M. Emmet Walsh, American actor
• 1936 – Ron Carey, American trade union leader (d. 2008)
• 1936 – Roger Whittaker, Kenyan-English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1936 – Erol Büyükburç, Turkish singer-songwriter, pop music composer, and actor (d. 2015)
• 1937 – Angelo Badalamenti, American pianist and composer
• 1937 – Armin Hary, German sprinter
• 1937 – Jon Hassell, American trumpet player and composer
• 1938 – Rein Etruk, Estonian chess player (d. 2012)
• 1940 – Dave Keon, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1940 – Haing S. Ngor, Cambodian-American physician and author (d. 1996)
• 1941 – Billy Collins, American poet, author, and academic
• 1941 – Jeremy Clyde, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (Chad & Jeremy)
• 1941 – Bruno Ganz, Swiss actor
• 1941 – Cassam Uteem, Mauritian politician, 2nd President of Mauritius
• 1942 – Jorge Ben Jor, Brazilian singer-songwriter
• 1942 – Dick Pound, Canadian lawyer and academic
• 1943 – George Benson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Fuse One)
• 1943 – Nazem Ganjapour, Iranian footballer and manager (d. 2013)
• 1943 – Keith Relf, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (The Yardbirds, Renaissance, and Armaggedon) (d. 1976)
• 1945 – Eric Roth, American screenwriter and producer
• 1945 – Peter Williams, English physicist and academic
• 1946 – Don Chaney, American basketball player and coach
• 1946 – Richard Faulkner, Baron Faulkner of Worcester, English journalist and politician
• 1946 – Rivka Golani, Israeli viola player and composer
• 1946 – Rudy Rucker, American mathematician, computer scientist, and author
• 1946 – Harry Vanda, Dutch-Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (The Easybeats and Vanda & Young)
• 1947 – George Ferguson, English architect and politician, 1st Mayor of Bristol
• 1947 – James Patterson, American author and producer
• 1947 – Maarten van Gent, Dutch basketball player and coach
• 1948 – Wolf Blitzer, German-American journalist
• 1948 – Randy Jo Hobbs, American bass player (The McCoys and Montrose) (d. 1993)
• 1948 – Andrew Lloyd Webber, English director and composer
• 1949 – Fanny Ardant, French actress, director, and screenwriter
• 1949 – Brian Hanrahan, English journalist (d. 2010)
• 1950 – Goran Bregović, Bosnian guitarist and songwriter (Bijelo Dugme and Jutro)
• 1952 – Des Browne, Scottish lawyer and politician, Secretary of State for Scotland
• 1952 – Bob Costas, American talk show host and sportscaster
• 1952 – Jay Dee Daugherty, American drummer and songwriter (The Church)
• 1955 – James House, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1955 – Lena Olin, Swedish actress
• 1955 – Pete Sessions, American politician
• 1955 – Valdis Zatlers, Latvian physician and politician, 7th President of Latvia
• 1957 – Jürgen Bucher, German footballer
• 1957 – Stephanie Mills, American actress and singer
• 1958 – Wayne Bloom, American wrestler
• 1958 – Laurie David, American blogger, activist, and producer
• 1958 – Pete Wylie, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Crucial Three and The Spitfire Boys)
• 1959 – Carlton Cuse, Mexican-American screenwriter and producer
• 1959 – Avraham Fried, American singer-songwriter
• 1959 – Matthew Modine, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1960 – Tarmo Laht, Estonian architect
• 1960 – Lauri Vahtre, Estonian historian and politician
• 1962 – Villano V, Mexican wrestler
• 1963 – Deborah Bull, English ballerina
• 1963 – Francesco Quinn, Italian-American actor (d. 2011)
• 1963 – Susan Ann Sulley, British singer (The Human League)
• 1964 – El Felino, Mexican wrestler
• 1964 – David Gillespie, Australian rugby league player
• 1966 – Pia Cayetano, Filipino lawyer and politician
• 1966 – Todd Ewen, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2015)
• 1966 – Paul Midgley, English scientist and academic
• 1966 – Artis Pabriks, Latvian academic and politician, 11th Minister for Defence of Latvia
• 1966 – António Pinto, Portuguese runner
• 1966 – Brian Shaw, American basketball player and coach
• 1967 – Mario Cipollini, Italian cyclist
• 1967 – Bernie Gallacher, Scottish-English footballer (d. 2011)
• 1968 – Euronymous, Norwegian guitarist and producer (Mayhem) (d. 1993)
• 1968 – Arve Henriksen, Norwegian trumpet player and composer
• 1970 – Andreas Johnson, Swedish singer-songwriter
• 1970 – Leontien van Moorsel, Dutch cyclist
• 1970 – Hwang Young-cho, South Korean runner
• 1971 – Keegan-Michael Key, American actor, comedian, and writer
• 1972 – Shawn Bradley, German-American basketball player, coach, and actor
• 1972 – Cory Lidle, American baseball player (d. 2006)
• 1972 – Elvis Stojko, Canadian figure skater and sportscaster
• 1973 – Beverley Knight, English singer-songwriter and producer
• 1973 – Joe Nedney, American football player and coach
• 1973 – Christopher Wheeldon, English dancer and choreographer
• 1974 – Marcus Camby, American basketball player
• 1974 – Philippe Clement, Belgian footballer
• 1974 – Kidada Jones, American actress and fashion designer
• 1974 – Gert Peens, South African-Italian rugby player
• 1975 – Anne Dudek, American actress
• 1975 – Steinar Raknes, Norwegian bassist
• 1975 – Jason Fletcher, American sports agent
• 1975 – Cole Hauser, American actor and producer
• 1975 – Jiří Novák, Czech-Monacan tennis player
• 1976 – Teun de Nooijer, Dutch field hockey player
• 1976 – Kathryn Jean Lopez, American journalist
• 1976 – Asako Toki, Japanese singer-songwriter
• 1976 – Kellie Shanygne Williams, American actress
• 1976 – Reese Witherspoon, American actress and producer
• 1977 – John Otto, Canadian-American drummer (Limp Bizkit)
• 1977 – Joey Porter, American football player and coach
• 1977 – Tom Poti, American ice hockey player
• 1979 – Aaron North, American guitarist (Jubilee and The Icarus Line)
• 1979 – Staņislavs Olijars, Latvian hurdler
• 1979 – Juan Uribe, Dominican baseball player
• 1979 – Takeshi Yoshioka, Japanese actor
• 1980 – Shannon Bex, American singer-songwriter and dancer (Danity Kane)
• 1981 – Arne Gabius, German runner
• 1982 – Piá, Brazilian footballer
• 1982 – Enrico Gasparotto, Italian cyclist
• 1982 – Michael Janyk, Canadian skier
• 1982 – Kyle Kingsbury, American mixed martial artist
• 1984 – Piotr Trochowski, German footballer
• 1985 – Mayola Biboko, Belgian footballer
• 1985 – Jakob Fuglsang, Danish cyclist
• 1985 – Mike Jenkins, American football player
• 1985 – Justin Masterson, American baseball player
• 1985 – Kelli Waite, Australian swimmer
• 1985 – Chris Wallace, American singer-songwriter and producer (The White Tie Affair)
• 1986 – Jeon Boram, South Korean singer and actress (T-ara)
• 1986 – David Choi, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1987 – Björn Barrefors, Swedish decathlete
• 1987 – Ike Davis, American baseball player
• 1987 – Jairo Mora Sandoval, Costa Rican environmentalist (d. 2013)
• 1987 – Liam Doran, British rally cross driver
• 1988 – Noriko Kijima, Japanese model and actress
• 1988 – Rottyful Sky, South Korean singer and actress (d. 2013)
• 1989 – Ben King, American cyclist
• 1989 – Eva Pereira, Cape Verdean runner
• 1989 – Ruben Popa, Romanian footballer
• 1989 – J. J. Watt, American football player
• 1990 – Lisa Mitchell, English-Australian singer-songwriter
• 1992 – Jessie Andrews, American porn actress and DJ
• 1994 – Kolohe Andino, American surfer
• 1994 – Aliaksandra Sasnovich, Belarusian tennis player
• 1994 – Atsushi Shiramata, Japanese actor
• 1995 – Nick Robinson, American actor
• 1997 – María Fernanda Herazo, Colombian tennis player

Deaths[edit]

• 1322 – Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, English politician, Lord High Steward of England (b. 1278)
• 1418 – Dietrich of Nieheim, German bishop and historian (b. 1345)
• 1421 – Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, English soldier and politician, Lord High Steward of England (b. 1388)
• 1471 – George of Poděbrady (b. 1420)
• 1544 – Johannes Magnus, Swedish archbishop and theologian (b. 1488)
• 1602 – Agostino Carracci, Italian painter and educator (b. 1557)
• 1685 – Emperor Go-Sai of Japan (b. 1638)
• 1687 – Jean-Baptiste Lully, Italian-French composer and conductor (b. 1632)
• 1699 – William Chaloner, English serial counterfeit coiner and confidence trickster (b. c. 1650s)
• 1758 – Jonathan Edwards, American minister, theologian, and philosopher (b. 1703)
• 1758 – Richard Leveridge, English singer-songwriter (b. 1670)
• 1772 – John Canton, English physicist and academic (b. 1718)
• 1820 – Stephen Decatur, American commander (b. 1779)
• 1832 – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, German author, poet, playwright, and politician (b. 1749)
• 1863 – Opothleyahola, American tribal chief (b. 1796)
• 1840 – Étienne Bobillier, French mathematician and academic (b. 1798)
• 1881 – Samuel Courtauld, English businessman (b. 1793)
• 1896 – Thomas Hughes, English lawyer and politician (b. 1822)
• 1913 – Song Jiaoren, Chinese educator and politician (b. 1882)
• 1913 – Ruggero Oddi, Italian physiologist and anatomist (b.1864)
• 1924 – William Macewen, Scottish surgeon and neuroscientist (b. 1848)
• 1942 – Frederick Cuming, English cricketer (b. 1875)
• 1942 – William Donne, English captain and cricketer (b. 1875)
• 1945 – John Hessin Clarke, American lawyer and judge (b. 1857)
• 1952 – Uncle Dave Macon, American singer-songwriter and banjo player (b. 1870)
• 1955 – Ivan Šubašić, Croatian lawyer and politician, 23rd Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (b. 1892)
• 1958 – Mike Todd, American film producer (b. 1909)
• 1960 – José Antonio Aguirre, Spanish lawyer and politician, 1st President of the Basque Country (b. 1904)
• 1966 – John Harlin, American mountaineer and pilot (b. 1935)
• 1971 – Johannes Villemson, Estonian-American runner (b. 1893)
• 1974 – Peter Revson, American race car driver (b. 1939)
• 1976 – John Dwyer McLaughlin, American painter (b. 1898)
• 1977 – A. K. Gopalan, Indian educator and politician (b. 1904)
• 1978 – Karl Wallenda, German-American acrobat and tightrope walker, founded The Flying Wallendas (b. 1905)
• 1979 – Ben Lyon, American actor and studio executive (b. 1901)
• 1981 – James Elliott, American runner and coach (b. 1915)
• 1981 – Gil Puyat, Filipino businessman and politician, 13th President of the Senate of the Philippines (b. 1907)
• 1986 – Olive Deering, American actress (b. 1918)
• 1986 – Mark Dinning, American singer (b. 1933)
• 1986 – Charles Starrett, American actor and singer (b. 1903)
• 1987 – Odysseas Angelis, Greek general and politician (b. 1912)
• 1990 – Gerald Bull, Canadian engineer and academic (b. 1928)
• 1991 – Léon Balcer, Canadian lawyer and politician, 19th Solicitor General of Canada (b. 1917)
• 1991 – Paul Engle, American novelist, poet, playwright, and critic (b. 1908)
• 1991 – Dave Guard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Kingston Trio) (b. 1934)
• 1991 – Gloria Holden, English-American actress (b. 1908)
• 1993 – Samiha Ayverdi, Turkish mystic and author (b. 1905)
• 1993 – Steve Olin, American baseball player (b. 1965)
• 1994 – Dan Hartman, American singer-songwriter, and producer (b. 1950)
• 1994 – Walter Lantz, American animator, director, and producer (b. 1900)
• 1996 – Don Murray, American drummer (The Turtles) (b. 1945)
• 1996 – Robert F. Overmyer, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1936)
• 1996 – Billy Williamson, American guitarist (Bill Haley & His Comets) (b. 1925)
• 1999 – Max Beloff, Baron Beloff, English historian and academic (b. 1913)
• 1999 – David Strickland, American actor (b. 1969)
• 2000 – Carlo Parola, Italian footballer and manager (b. 1921)
• 2001 – Stepas Butautas, Lithuanian basketball player and coach (b. 1925)
• 2001 – Sabiha Gökçen, Turkish soldier and pilot (b. 1913)
• 2001 – William Hanna, American animator, director, producer, and voice actor, co-founded Hanna-Barbera (b. 1910)
• 2001 – Robert Fletcher Shaw, Canadian businessman, academic, and civil servant (b. 1910)
• 2002 – Rudolf Baumgartner, Swiss violinist and conductor (b. 1917)
• 2003 – Terry Lloyd, English journalist (b. 1952)
• 2004 – Janet Akyüz Mattei, Turkish-American astronomer and academic (b. 1943)
• 2004 – Ahmed Yassin, Palestinian spiritual leader, co-founded Hamas (b. 1937)
• 2005 – Rod Price, English guitarist and songwriter (Foghat) (b. 1947)
• 2005 – Kenzō Tange, Japanese architect, designed the Yoyogi National Gymnasium and Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum (b. 1913)
• 2006 – Pierre Clostermann, French soldier, pilot, and politician (b. 1921)
• 2006 – Pío Leyva, Cuban singer and author (b. 1917)
• 2006 – Kurt von Trojan, Austrian-Australian journalist and author (b. 1937)
• 2007 – U. G. Krishnamurti, Indian-Italian philosopher and educator (b. 1918)
• 2008 – Cachao López, Cuban-American bassist and composer (b. 1918)
• 2009 – Steve Doll, American wrestler (b. 1960)
• 2009 – Jade Goody, English television personality and author, contestant on Big Brother (b. 1981)
• 2009 – Abismo Negro, Mexican wrestler and trainer (b. 1971)
• 2010 – James Black, Scottish biologist and pharmacologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1924)
• 2010 – Özhan Canaydın, Turkish basketball player and businessman (b. 1943)
• 2011 – Artur Agostinho, Portuguese journalist (b. 1920)
• 2011 – Victor Bouchard, Canadian pianist and composer (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Joe Blanchard, American football player and wrestler (b. 1928)
• 2012 – Johnny McCauley, Irish-English singer-songwriter (b. 1925)
• 2012 – John Payton, American lawyer and activist (b. 1946)
• 2012 – Matthew White Ridley, 4th Viscount Ridley, English academic and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland (b. 1925)
• 2012 – Mickey Sullivan, American baseball player and coach (b. 1932)
• 2012 – David Waltz, American computer scientist and academic (b. 1943)
• 2012 – Neil L. Whitehead, English anthropologist and author (b. 1956)
• 2013 – Vladimír Čech, Czech actor and politician (b. 1951)
• 2013 – Fred Jones, Welsh footballer (b. 1938)
• 2013 – James Nabrit, American lawyer and academic (b. 1932)
• 2013 – Christa Speck, Polish-American model and actress (b. 1942)
• 2013 – Bebo Valdés, Cuban-Swedish pianist and composer (b. 1918)
• 2013 – Derek Watkins, English trumpet player and composer (b. 1945)
• 2013 – Ray Williams, American basketball player and coach (b. 1954)
• 2014 – Yashwant Vithoba Chittal, Indian author (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Mickey Duff, Polish-English boxer and manager (b. 1929)
• 2014 – Thor Listau, Norwegian soldier and politician (b. 1938)
• 2014 – Tasos Mitsopoulos, Cypriot politician, Cypriot Minister of Defence (b. 1965)
• 2014 – Patrice Wymore, American-Jamaican actress and singer (b. 1926)
• 2015 – Arkady Arkanov, Ukrainian-Russian actor and playwright (b. 1933)
• 2015 – Horst Buhtz, German footballer and manager (b. 1923)
• 2015 – George Neel, Jr., American businessman (b. 1930)
• 2015 – Norman Scribner, American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1936)

Paul McCartney launches bid to Get Back his Beatles songs

Image copyrightAFP / Getty Images

Sir Paul McCartney has filed legal papers in the US, as part of an attempt to reclaim the publishing rights to The Beatles' back catalogue.

Although he co-wrote most of the band's hits, the star has never controlled the publishing.

However, the US copyright act of 1976 gives writers the opportunity to reclaim the rights after 56 years.

The Lennon-McCartney catalogue becomes available in 2018, and Sir Paul has recently moved to recapture it.

According to Billboard, the star filed a termination notice for 32 songs with the US Copyright Office in December. 

Most of the songs date from 1962 - 1964, although others come from much later in the band's career. Some of those, including Come Together and Why Don't We Do It In The Road, are not due to become available until 2025.

Image copyrightGetty Images

An unnamed source told the magazine Sir Paul would only regain publishing rights for his half of the compositions, most of which he co-wrote with John Lennon. Furthermore, the act only applies to the US, so The Beatles' back catalogue would remain in the hands of Sony / ATV in the rest of the world.

Publishing rights determine how a song can be exploited - for example by licensing its use in a film or television programme. The publisher shares any resulting royalties with the songwriters, helping Sir Paul to amass a personal fortune of £730m.

But the lack of control over the songs has long been a thorn in the musician's side.

'Dodgy' deal

In the very early days of their career, The Beatles' manager, Brian Epstein, persuaded Lennon and McCartney to form a publishing company with music impresario Dick James - explaining it would be the smartest way for them to make money from their songs.

Within a few years, the band had become bigger than anyone expected and the publishing company - Northern Songs - was floated on the stock market.

Lennon and McCartney ended up with a 15% share, while James and his partner Charles Silver took 37.5% between them as the company's chairmen. 

George Harrison and Ringo Starr were given just 0.8% - prompting the former to write the bitter Only A Northern Song, expressing his dissatisfaction at being considered a junior songwriter within the company.

Image copyrightGetty Images

In 1967, after Epstein's death, relations between the band and the chairmen soured - and James abruptly sold the publishing rights to ATV Music for £1.5m (£24.5m adjusted for inflation), without giving notice to The Beatles, robbing them of the chance to obtain the rights for themselves.

Almost 20 year later, Michael Jackson bought the ATV catalogue - which by that time also included songs by Little Richard, the Pointer Sisters, Pat Benatar and The Pretenders - for $41.5m (£28.8m), permanently souring his friendship with Sir Paul.

"I think it's dodgy to do things like that. To be someone's friend and then to buy the rug they're standing on," the Beatle was quoted as saying in J Randy Taraborrelli's biography of Jackson. 

In 1995, Jackson sold half of his share in ATV Music to Sony. The Japanese company purchased the remainder of Jackson's stake earlier this month.

While Sir Paul's motion to terminate copyright is likely to be successful, Lennon's share in the Beatles' songs will not return to his estate. Yoko Ono sold the rights to his music to Sony/ATV Music in 2009, with those rights lasting the entire copyright's lifetime (70 years).

[edit]

• 1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official.
• 1540 – Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the last religious community to be closed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries.
• 1568 – The Peace of Longjumeau is signed, ending the second phase of the French Wars of Religion.
• 1708 – James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth.
• 1757 – Capture of Chandannagar fort by British forces.
• 1775 – American Revolutionary War: Patrick Henry delivers his speech – "Give me liberty, or give me death!"– at St. John's Episcopal Church, Richmond, Virginia.
• 1801 – Tsar Paul I of Russia is struck with a sword, then strangled, and finally trampled to death inside his bedroom at St. Michael's Castle.
• 1806 – After traveling through the Louisiana Purchase and reaching the Pacific Ocean, explorers Lewis and Clark and their "Corps of Discovery" begin their arduous journey home.
• 1821 – Greek War of Independence: Battle and fall of city of Kalamata.
• 1848 – The ship John Wickliffe arrives at Port Chalmers carrying the first Scottish settlers for Dunedin, New Zealand. Otago province is founded.
• 1857 – Elisha Otis's first elevator is installed at 488 Broadway New York City.
• 1862 – The First Battle of Kernstown, Virginia, marks the start of Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign. Though a Confederate defeat, the engagement distracts Federal efforts to capture Richmond.
• 1868 – The University of California is founded in Oakland, California when the Organic Act is signed into law.
• 1879 – War of the Pacific: The Battle of Topáter, the first battle of the war is fought between Chile and the joint forces of Bolivia and Peru.
• 1885 – Sino-French War: Chinese victory in the Battle of Phu Lam Tao near Hưng Hóa, northern Vietnam.
• 1888 – In England, The Football League, the world's oldest professional association football league, meets for the first time.
• 1889 – The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is established by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Qadian, India.
• 1901 – Emilio Aguinaldo, only President of the First Philippine Republic, was captured at Palanan, Isabela by forces of General Frederick Funston.
• 1905 – Eleftherios Venizelos calls for Crete's union with Greece, and begins what is to be known as the Theriso revolt.
• 1908 – American diplomat Durham Stevens is attacked by Korean assassins Jeon Myeong-un and Jang In-hwan, leading to his death in a hospital two days later.
• 1909 – Theodore Roosevelt leaves New York for a post-presidency safari in Africa. The trip is sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and National Geographic Society.
• 1918 – First World War: On the third day of the German Spring Offensive, the 10th Battalion of the Royal West Kent Regiment is annihilated with many of the men becoming prisoners of war
• 1919 – In Milan, Italy, Benito Mussolini founds his Fascist political movement.
• 1931 – Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar are hanged for the killing of a deputy superintendent of police during the Indian struggle for independence.
• 1933 – The Reichstag passes the Enabling Act of 1933, making Adolf Hitler dictator of Germany.
• 1935 – Signing of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
• 1939 – The Hungarian air force attacks the headquarters of Slovak air force in the city of Spišská Nová Ves, kills 13 people and began the Slovak–Hungarian War.
• 1940 – The Lahore Resolution (Qarardad-e-Pakistan or Qarardad-e-Lahore) is put forward at the Annual General Convention of the All-India Muslim League.
• 1942 – World War II: In the Indian Ocean, Japanese forces capture the Andaman Islands.
• 1956 – Pakistan becomes the first Islamic republic in the world. (Republic Day in Pakistan)
• 1965 – NASA launches Gemini 3, the United States' first two-man space flight (crew: Gus Grissom and John Young).
• 1965 – The first issue of The Vigilant is published from Khartoum.
• 1977 – The first of The Nixon Interviews (12 will be recorded over four weeks) are videotaped with British journalist David Frost interviewing former United States President Richard Nixon about the Watergate scandal and the Nixon tapes.
• 1978 – The first UNIFIL troops arrived in Lebanon for peacekeeping mission along the Blue Line.
• 1980 – Archbishop Óscar Romero of El Salvador gives his famous speech appealing to men of the El Salvadoran armed forces to stop killing the Salvadorans.
• 1982 – Guatemala's government, headed by Fernando Romeo Lucas García is overthrown in a military coup by right-wing General Efraín Ríos Montt.
• 1983 – Strategic Defense Initiative: President Ronald Reagan makes his initial proposal to develop technology to intercept enemy missiles.
• 1991 – The Revolutionary United Front, with support from the special forces of Charles Taylor's National Patriotic Front of Liberia, invades Sierra Leone in an attempt to overthrow Joseph Saidu Momoh, sparking a gruesome 11-year Sierra Leone Civil War.
• 1994 – At an election rally in Tijuana, Mexican presidential candidate Luis Donaldo Colosio is assassinated by Mario Aburto Martínez.
• 1994 – Aeroflot Flight 593 crashes in Siberia when the pilot's fifteen-year-old son accidentally disengages the autopilot, killing all 75 people on board.
• 1994 – A United States Air Force (USAF) F-16 aircraft collides with a USAF C-130 at Pope Air Force Base and then crashes, killing 24 United States Army soldiers on the ground. This later became known as the Green Ramp disaster.
• 1996 – Taiwan holds its first direct elections and chooses Lee Teng-hui as President.
• 1999 – Gunmen assassinate Paraguay's Vice President Luis María Argaña.
• 2001 – The Russian Mir space station is disposed of, breaking up in the atmosphere before falling into the southern Pacific Ocean near Fiji.
• 2003 – Battle of Nasiriyah, first major conflict during the invasion of Iraq.
• 2005 – Texas City Refinery explosion: During a test on a distillation tower liquid waste builds up and flows out of a blowout tower. Waste fumes ignite and explode killing 15 workers.
• 2009 – FedEx Express Flight 80: A McDonnell Douglas MD-11 flying from Guangzhou, China crashes at Tokyo's Narita International Airport, killing both the captain and the co-pilot.

Births[edit]

• 1336 – Emperor Go-Kōgon of Japan (d. 1374)
• 1430 – Margaret of Anjou (d. 1482)
• 1599 – Thomas Selle, German composer (d. 1663)
• 1699 – John Bartram, American botanist and explorer (d. 1777)
• 1732 – Princess Marie Adélaïde of France (d. 1800)
• 1749 – Pierre-Simon Laplace, French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1827)
• 1750 – Johannes Matthias Sperger, Austrian bassist and composer (d. 1812)
• 1754 – Jurij Vega, Slovene mathematician, physicist and artillery officer (d. 1802)
• 1769 – Augustin Daniel Belliard, French general and diplomat (d. 1832)
• 1769 – William Smith, English geologist and cartographer (d. 1839)
• 1823 – Schuyler Colfax, American journalist and politician, 17th Vice President of the United States (d. 1885)
• 1826 – Ludwig Minkus, Austrian violinist and composer (d. 1917)
• 1834 – Julius Reubke, German pianist and composer (d. 1858)
• 1842 – Friedrich Amelung, Estonian-German historian, businessman, and composer (d. 1909)
• 1858 – Ludwig Quidde, German activist and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1941)
• 1862 – Nathaniel Reed, American criminal (d. 1950)
• 1868 – Dietrich Eckart, German journalist and politician (d. 1923)
• 1869 – Emilio Aguinaldo, Filipino general and politician, 1st President of the Philippines (d. 1964)
• 1869 – Calouste Gulbenkian, Turkish-Armenian businessman and philanthropist (d. 1955)
• 1871 – Heinrich Schroth, German actor (d. 1945)
• 1872 – Michael Joseph Savage, Australian-New Zealand union leader and politician, 23rd Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1940)
• 1874 – Grantley Goulding, English hurdler (d. 1947)
• 1874 – J. C. Leyendecker, German-American painter and illustrator (d. 1951)
• 1876 – Ziya Gökalp, Turkish sociologist, poet, and activist (d. 1924)
• 1876 – Thakin Kodaw Hmaing, Burmese poet, writer and political leader (d. 1964)
• 1878 – Franz Schreker, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1934)
• 1880 – Heikki Ritavuori, Finnish lawyer and politician, Finnish Minister of the Interior (d. 1922)
• 1881 – Lacey Hearn, American sprinter (d. 1969)
• 1881 – Roger Martin du Gard, French author and paleographer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
• 1881 – Hermann Staudinger, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1965)
• 1882 – Emmy Noether, German-American mathematician, physicist, and academic (d. 1935)
• 1884 – Joseph Boxhall, English sailor (d. 1967)
• 1885 – Platt Adams, American jumper and politician (d. 1961)
• 1886 – Frank Irons, American long jumper (d. 1942)
• 1887 – Josef Čapek, Czech painter and poet (d. 1945)
• 1887 – Juan Gris, Spanish painter and sculptor (d. 1927)
• 1887 – Sidney Hillman, Lithuanian-born American labor leader (d. 1946)
• 1887 – Felix Yusupov, Russian husband of Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia (d. 1967)
• 1891 – Po Kya, Burmese author and educationist (d. 1942)
• 1893 – Cedric Gibbons, Irish-American art director and production designer (d. 1960)
• 1893 – Gopalswamy Doraiswamy Naidu, Indian engineer and businessman (d. 1974)
• 1894 – Arthur Grimsdell, English footballer and cricketer (d. 1963)
• 1895 – Encarnacion Alzona, Filipino historian and educator (d. 2001)
• 1895 – Dane Rudhyar, French-American astrologer, author, and composer (d. 1985)
• 1898 – Louis Adamic, Slovenian-American author, translator and politician (d. 1951)
• 1899 – Dora Gerson, German actress and singer (d. 1943)
• 1900 – Erich Fromm, German psychologist and sociologist (d. 1980)
• 1902 – Józef Cebula, Polish priest (d. 1942)
• 1904 – H. Beam Piper, American author (d. 1964)
• 1905 – Lale Andersen, German singer-songwriter (d. 1972)
• 1907 – Daniel Bovet, Swiss-Italian pharmacologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1992)
• 1909 – Charles Werner, American cartoonist (d. 1997)
• 1910 – Jerry Cornes, English runner, colonial, and educator (d. 2001)
• 1910 – Akira Kurosawa, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1998)
• 1912 – Eleanor Cameron, Canadian-American author and critic (d. 1996)
• 1912 – Neil McCorkell, English-South African cricketer and coach (d. 2013)
• 1912 – Wernher von Braun, German physicist and engineer (d. 1977)
• 1913 – Abidin Dino, Turkish-French painter and illustrator (d. 1993)
• 1914 – Milbourne Christopher, American magician and author (d. 1984)
• 1915 – Mary Innes-Ker, Duchess of Roxburghe (d. 2014)
• 1915 – Tom Pashby, Canadian ophthalmologist (d. 2005)
• 1915 – Vasily Zaytsev, Russian captain (d. 1991)
• 1917 – Harry Cranbrook Allen, English historian (d. 1998)
• 1918 – Stanley Armour Dunham, American sergeant (d. 1992)
• 1918 – Helene Hale, American politician (d. 2013)
• 1919 – Carl Graffunder, American architect and educator (d. 2013)
• 1920 – Neal Edward Smith, American pilot, lawyer, and politician
• 1920 – Tetsuharu Kawakami, Japanese baseball player and manager (d. 2013)
• 1921 – Donald Campbell, English race car driver (d. 1967)
• 1921 – Peter Lawler, Australian public servant
• 1922 – Marty Allen, American comedian and actor
• 1922 – Ugo Tognazzi, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1990)
• 1923 – Angelo Ingrassia, American soldier and judge (d. 2013)
• 1924 – Rodney Mims Cook, Sr., American lieutenant and politician (d. 2013)
• 1924 – Bette Nesmith Graham, American inventor, invented Liquid Paper (d. 1980)
• 1924 – Olga Kennard, English crystallographer and academic
• 1924 – John Madin, English architect (d. 2012)
• 1924 – Bjørn G. Andersen, Norwegian professor of quaternary geology and glaciology (d. 2012)
• 1925 – David Watkin, English cinematographer (d. 2008)
• 1927 – Mato Damjanović, Croatian chess player (d. 2011)
• 1928 – Jean E. Sammet, American computer scientist and academic
• 1929 – Roger Bannister, English runner, neurologist, and academic
• 1929 – Michael Manser, English architect and engineer
• 1931 – Yevgeny Grishin, Russian speed skater (d. 2005)
• 1931 – Viktor Korchnoi, Russian chess player and author
• 1931 – Yevdokiya Mekshilo, Russian skier (d. 2013)
• 1932 – Don Marshall, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1933 – Norman Bailey, English-American opera singer and educator
• 1933 – Philip Zimbardo, American psychologist and academic
• 1934 – Ludvig Faddeev, Russian mathematician and physicist
• 1934 – Fernand Gignac, Canadian singer and actor (d. 2006)
• 1934 – Mark Rydell, American actor, director, and producer
• 1935 – Barry Cryer, English comedian, actor, and screenwriter
• 1936 – Jannis Kounellis, Greek painter and sculptor
• 1937 – Craig Breedlove, American race car driver
• 1937 – Tony Burton, American actor, comedian, boxer and football player (d. 2016)
• 1937 – Robert Gallo, American physician and academic
• 1938 – Jon Finlayson, Australian actor and screenwriter (d. 2012)
• 1938 – Irwin Levine, American songwriter (d. 1997)
• 1938 – Dave Pike, American vibraphone player and songwriter (d. 2015)
• 1939 – Robin Herd, English engineer and businessman
• 1939 – Terry Paine, English footballer
• 1940 – Ama Ata Aidoo, Ghanaian author, playwright, and academic
• 1941 – Jim Trelease, American journalist, author, and educator
• 1942 – Michael Haneke, Austrian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1942 – Jimmy Miller, American record producer and musician (d. 1994)
• 1942 – Walter Rodney, Guyanese historian, scholar, and activist (d. 1980)
• 1943 – Andrew Crockett, Scottish-English economist and banker (d. 2012)
• 1943 – George P. Lee, American religious leader (d. 2010)
• 1943 – Lee May, American baseball player and coach
• 1943 – Sharon Presley, American author and academic
• 1943 – Nils-Aslak Valkeapää, Finnish singer, author, and director (d. 2001)
• 1944 – B. P. Gavrilov, Russian rugby player (d. 2006)
• 1944 – Tony McPhee, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Groundhogs)
• 1944 – Michael Nyman, English pianist and composer
• 1945 – Franco Battiato, Italian singer-songwriter and director
• 1945 – David Grisman, American mandolin player and composer (Even Dozen Jug Band, Old and in the Way, and David Grisman Quintet)
• 1946 – Alan Bleasdale, English screenwriter and producer
• 1946 – Pepe Lienhard, Swiss singer and bandleader
• 1946 – Barbara Rhoades, American actress
• 1947 – Elizabeth Ann Scarborough, American author
• 1948 – Wasim Bari, Pakistani cricketer
• 1948 – Marie Malavoy, German-Canadian educator and politician
• 1948 – David Olney, American singer-songwriter
• 1949 – Ric Ocasek, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (The Cars)
• 1950 – Corinne Cléry, French actress
• 1950 – Joseph Connolly, English journalist and author
• 1950 – Phil Lanzon, English keyboard player and songwriter (Uriah Heep)
• 1950 – Ahdaf Soueif, Egyptian author and translator
• 1951 – Ron Jaworski, American football player and sportscaster
• 1951 – Phil Keaggy, American guitarist (Glass Harp and Love Song)
• 1951 – Adrian Reynard, English businessman, founded Reynard Motorsport
• 1952 – Francesco Clemente, Italian painter and illustrator
• 1952 – Villano III, Mexican wrestler
• 1952 – Kim Stanley Robinson, American author
• 1952 – Rex Tillerson, American businessman
• 1953 – Bo Díaz, Venezuelan baseball player (d. 1990)
• 1953 – Chaka Khan, American singer-songwriter (Rufus)
• 1953 – Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Indian zoologist and businesswoman
• 1954 – Geno Auriemma, Italian-American basketball player and coach
• 1954 – Kenneth Cole, American fashion designer, founded Kenneth Cole Productions
• 1955 – Moses Malone, American basketball player and sportscaster (d. 2015)
• 1956 – José Manuel Barroso, Portuguese academic and politician, 115th Prime Minister of Portugal
• 1956 – Andrew Mitchell, English soldier and politician, Secretary of State for International Development
• 1956 – Jeremy Wade, English biologist and author
• 1957 – Teresa Ganzel, American actress
• 1957 – Lucio Gutiérrez, Ecuadorian politician, 52nd President of Ecuador
• 1957 – Robbie James, Welsh footballer and manager (d. 1998)
• 1957 – Amanda Plummer, American actress
• 1958 – Etienne De Wilde, Belgian cyclist
• 1958 – Bengt-Åke Gustafsson, Swedish ice hockey player and coach
• 1958 – Eldon Hoke, American drummer and singer (The Mentors and The Screamers) (d. 1997)
• 1958 – Michael Sorich, American voice actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1958 – Hugh Grant, Scottish business executive
• 1959 – Kazue Ikura, Japanese voice actress
• 1959 – Catherine Keener, American actress and producer
• 1959 – Epic Soundtracks, English drummer and songwriter (Swell Maps, Crime and the City Solution, and These Immortal Souls) (d. 1997)
• 1959 – Philippe Volter, Belgian actor and director (d. 2005)
• 1960 – Haris Romas, Greek actor, composer, and screenwriter
• 1960 – Nicol Stephen, Baron Stephen, Scottish lawyer and politician, 2nd Deputy First Minister of Scotland
• 1961 – Roger Crisp, English philosopher and academic
• 1961 – Craig Green, New Zealand rugby player
• 1961 – Steve Holmes, Romanian-American porn actor and director
• 1961 – Helmi Johannes, Indonesian journalist and producer
• 1962 – Steve Redgrave, English rower
• 1963 – Míchel, Spanish footballer and manager
• 1963 – Juan Ramón López Caro, Spanish footballer and manager
• 1963 – Ana Fidelia Quirot, Cuban runner
• 1964 – Okan Bayülgen, Turkish actor, talk show host, and photographer
• 1964 – Hope Davis, American actress
• 1965 – Richard Grieco, American model, actor, and producer
• 1965 – Marti Pellow, Scottish singer-songwriter (Wet Wet Wet)
• 1965 – Gary Whitehead, American poet and painter
• 1966 – Lorenzo Daniel, American sprinter
• 1966 – Beverly Hills, English actress
• 1966 – Marin Hinkle, American actress
• 1966 – Vasilis Vouzas, Greek footballer and manager
• 1967 – David Ford, Canadian canoe racer
• 1968 – Damon Albarn, English singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (Blur, Gorillaz, and The Good, the Bad & the Queen)
• 1968 – Mike Atherton, English cricketer and journalist
• 1968 – Mitch Cullin, American author
• 1968 – Fernando Hierro, Spanish footballer and manager
• 1968 – Pierre Palmade, French actor and screenwriter
• 1968 – Erki Pehk, Estonian conductor and educator
• 1970 – Midajah, American model, trainer, and manager
• 1970 – Melissa Errico, American actress and singer
• 1970 – John Humphrey, American drummer (The Nixons and Seether)
• 1971 – Yasmeen Ghauri, Canadian model
• 1971 – Gail Porter, Scottish model and television host
• 1971 – Alexander Selivanov, Russian ice hockey player
• 1971 – Hiroyoshi Tenzan, Japanese wrestler
• 1972 – Jonas Björkman, Swedish-Monacan tennis player and coach
• 1972 – Joe Calzaghe, Welsh boxer
• 1972 – Judith Godrèche, French actress and author
• 1973 – Jerzy Dudek, Polish footballer
• 1973 – Wim Eyckmans, Belgian race car driver
• 1973 – Jason Kidd, American basketball player and coach
• 1973 – Kevin Northcutt, American wrestler
• 1973 – Patiparn Pataweekarn, Thai actor and singer
• 1974 – Randall Park, American actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1975 – Burak Gürpınar, Turkish drummer (Kurban)
• 1976 – Jayson Blair, American journalist and author
• 1976 – Chris Hoy, Scottish cyclist and race car driver
• 1976 – Smriti Irani, Indian actress, producer, and politician, Indian Minister of Human Resource Development
• 1976 – Dougie Lampkin, English motorcycle racer
• 1976 – Michelle Monaghan, American actress
• 1976 – Jeremy Newberry, American football player
• 1976 – Joel Peralta, Dominican baseball player
• 1976 – Keri Russell, American actress
• 1976 – Ricardo Zonta, Brazilian race car driver
• 1977 – Miklos Perlus, Canadian actor and screenwriter
• 1978 – Simon Gärdenfors, Swedish illustrator
• 1978 – Walter Samuel, Argentinian footballer
• 1979 – Mark Buehrle, American baseball player
• 1979 – Ray Gordy, American wrestler
• 1979 – Natalia Hadjiloizou, Belarusian-Cypriot swimmer
• 1979 – Misty Hyman, American swimmer
• 1979 – Nobuo Kyo, Japanese actor
• 1979 – Donncha O'Callaghan, Irish rugby player
• 1980 – Ryan Day, Welsh snooker player
• 1980 – Russell Howard, English comedian and television host
• 1980 – Itay Tiran, Israeli actor
• 1980 – Ambwene Simukonda, Malawian sprinter
• 1981 – Erin Crocker, American race car driver
• 1981 – Tony Peña, Jr., Dominican baseball player
• 1981 – Shelley Rudman, English bobsledder
• 1981 – Giuseppe Sculli, Italian footballer
• 1981 – Aysun Kayacı, Turkish model and actress
• 1982 – José Contreras Arrau, Chilean footballer
• 1982 – Andrea Musacco, Italian footballer
• 1982 – Evgeni Striganov, Estonian ice dancer
• 1983 – Hakan Balta, Turkish footballer
• 1983 – Mo Farah, Somalian-English runner
• 1983 – Sascha Riether, German footballer
• 1983 – Jerome Thomas, English footballer
• 1984 – Ryan Araña, Filipino basketball player
• 1985 – Geoff Eigenmann, Filipino actor
• 1985 – Maurice Jones-Drew, American football player
• 1986 – Patrick Bordeleau, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1986 – Andrea Dovizioso, Italian motorcycle racer
• 1986 – Brett Eldredge, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1986 – Steven Strait, American actor and singer
• 1987 – Alan Toovey, Australian footballer
• 1988 – Jason Kenny, English cyclist
• 1988 – Michal Neuvirth, Czech ice hockey player
• 1989 – Nikola Gulan, Serbian footballer
• 1989 – Mai Nishida, Japanese model, entertainer, and actress
• 1989 – Luis Fernando Silva, Mexican footballer
• 1990 – Jaime Alguersuari, Spanish race car driver
• 1990 – Princess Eugenie of York
• 1990 – Robert Zickert, German footballer
• 1991 – Gregg Wylde, Scottish footballer
• 1992 – Tolga Ciğerci, German-Turkish footballer
• 1992 – Morgan Evans, Welsh rugby league player
• 1992 – Kyrie Irving, Australian-American basketball player
• 1992 – Vanessa Morgan, Canadian actress and singer
• 1993 – Kyle Lovett, Australian rugby league player
• 1993 – Aytaç Kara, Turkish footballer
• 1994 – Nick Powell, English footballer
• 1995 – Kevin Kauber, Estonian footballer
• 1995 – Jan Lisiecki, Canadian pianist
• 1995 – Ozan Tufan, Turkish footballer
• 1997 – Aidan Davis, English rapper and dancer

Deaths[edit]

• 851 – Zhou Chi, Chinese historian and politician (b. 793)
• 1103 – Eudes I, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1058)
• 1361 – Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, English politician, Lord High Steward of England (b. 1310)
• 1369 – Peter of Castile (b. 1334)
• 1548 – Itagaki Nobukata, Japanese samurai (b. 1489)
• 1555 – Pope Julius III (b. 1487)
• 1559 – Gelawdewos, Ethiopian emperor (b. 1521)
• 1596 – Henry Unton, English diplomat (b. 1557)
• 1606 – Justus Lipsius, Flemish philologist and scholar (b. 1547)
• 1618 – James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn, Scottish police officer and politician (b. 1575)
• 1675 – Anthoni van Noordt, Dutch organist and composer (b. 1619)
• 1680 – Nicolas Fouquet, French politician (b. 1615)
• 1742 – Jean-Baptiste Dubos, French historian and author (b. 1670)
• 1747 – Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French general (b. 1675)
• 1748 – Johann Gottfried Walther, German organist and composer (b. 1684)
• 1754 – Johann Jakob Wettstein, Swiss theologian and critic (b. 1693)
• 1783 – Charles Carroll, American lawyer and politician (b. 1723)
• 1801 – Paul I of Russia (b. 1754)
• 1842 – Stendhal, French novelist (b. 1783)
• 1884 – Henry C. Lord, American businessman (b. 1824)
• 1910 – Nadar, French photographer, journalist, and author (b. 1820)
• 1914 – Rafqa Pietra Choboq Ar-Rayès, Lebanese saint (b. 1832)
• 1923 – Hovhannes Tumanyan Armenian poet and author (b. 1869)
• 1927 – Paul César Helleu, French painter and etcher (b. 1859)
• 1931 – Shivaram Rajguru, Indian activist (b. 1908)
• 1931 – Bhagat Singh, Indian activist (b. 1907)
• 1931 – Sukhdev Thapar, Indian activist (b. 1907)
• 1935 – Florence Moore, American actress (b. 1886)
• 1947 – Archduchess Louise of Austria (b. 1870)
• 1953 – Raoul Dufy, French painter and illustrator (b. 1877)
• 1953 – Oskar Luts, Estonian author and playwright (b. 1887)
• 1955 – Arthur Bernardes, Brazilian politician, 12th President of Brazil (b. 1875)
• 1960 – Franklin Pierce Adams, American journalist and author (b. 1881)
• 1960 – Said Nursî, Kurdish theologian and scholar (b. 1878)
• 1961 – Albert Bloch, American painter and educator (b. 1882)
• 1961 – Jack Russell, English cricketer (b. 1887)
• 1964 – Peter Lorre, Slovak-American actor and singer (b. 1904)
• 1965 – Mae Murray, American actress, dancer, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1889)
• 1967 – Lalla Carlsen, Norwegian singer and actress (b. 1889)
• 1968 – Edwin O'Connor, American journalist and author (b. 1918)
• 1970 – Del Lord, Canadian actor and director (b. 1894)
• 1972 – Cristóbal Balenciaga, Spanish fashion designer, founded Balenciaga (b. 1895)
• 1978 – Haim Ernst Wertheimer, Israeli biochemist and academic (b. 1893)
• 1979 – Ted Anderson, English footballer (b. 1911)
• 1980 – Alekos Livaditis, Greek actor (b. 1914)
• 1980 – Arthur Melvin Okun, American economist and academic (b. 1928)
• 1981 – Beatrice Tinsley, English-New Zealand astronomer and cosmologist (b. 1941)
• 1984 – Shauna Grant, American porn actress and model (b. 1963)
• 1985 – Richard Beeching, Baron Beeching, English physicist and engineer (b. 1913)
• 1985 – Peter Charanis, Greek-American scholar and educator (b. 1908)
• 1985 – Ben Hardwick, English liver transplant patient (b. 1981)
• 1987 – Olev Roomet, Estonian singer and violinist (b. 1901)
• 1990 – John Dexter, English director and producer (b. 1925)
• 1991 – Parkash Singh, Indian soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1913)
• 1992 – Friedrich Hayek, Austrian-German economist, philosopher, and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
• 1992 – Ron Lapointe, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1949)
• 1994 – Luis Donaldo Colosio, Mexican economist and politician (b. 1950)
• 1994 – Giulietta Masina, Italian actress (b. 1921)
• 1994 – Donald Swann, Welsh-English singer-songwriter and pianist (Flanders and Swann) (b. 1923)
• 1995 – Alan Barton, English singer (Black Lace and Smokie) (b. 1953)
• 1995 – Davie Cooper, Scottish footballer and coach (b. 1956)
• 1998 – Gerald Stano, American serial killer (b. 1951)
• 1999 – Luis María Argaña, Paraguayan judge and politician, Vice President of Paraguay (b. 1932)
• 1999 – Osmond Borradaile, Canadian director and cinematographer (b. 1898)
• 2001 – Rowland Evans, American journalist (b. 1921)
• 2001 – Robert Laxalt, American author (b. 1923)
• 2001 – David McTaggart, Canadian badminton player and environmentalist (b. 1932)
• 2002 – Eileen Farrell, American soprano (b. 1920)
• 2002 – Ben Hollioake, Australian-English cricketer (b. 1977)
• 2003 – Fritz Spiegl, Austrian-English flute player and journalist (b. 1926)
• 2004 – Rupert Hamer, Australian soldier, lawyer, and politician, 39th Premier of Victoria (b. 1916)
• 2006 – David B. Bleak, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1932)
• 2006 – Desmond Doss, American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1919)
• 2006 – Cindy Walker, American singer-songwriter and dancer (b. 1918)
• 2007 – Paul Cohen, American mathematician and theorist (b. 1934)
• 2007 – Eric Medlen, American race car driver (b. 1973)
• 2008 – Vaino Vahing, Estonian psychiatrist, author, and playwright (b. 1940)
• 2009 – Ghukas Chubaryan, Armenian sculptor (b. 1923)
• 2009 – Raúl Macías, Mexican boxer and trainer (b. 1934)
• 2010 – Kaljo Põllu, Estonian artist (b. 1934)
• 2011 – Jean Bartik, American computer scientist and engineer (b. 1924)
• 2011 – Elizabeth Taylor, American-British actress, socialite and humanitarian (b. 1932)
• 2012 – Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, Somalian politician, President of Somalia (b. 1934)
• 2012 – Jim Duffy, American animator, director, and producer (b. 1937)
• 2012 – Eric Lowen, American singer-songwriter (Lowen & Navarro) (b. 1952)
• 2012 – Naji Talib, Iraqi politician, 52nd Prime Minister of Iraq (b. 1917)
• 2012 – Lonnie Wright, American basketball and football player (b. 1945)
• 2013 – Boris Berezovsky, Russian-English mathematician and businessman (b. 1946)
• 2013 – Onofre Corpuz, Filipino economist, historian, and academic (b. 1926)
• 2013 – Virgil Trucks, American baseball player and coach (b. 1917)
• 2013 – Joe Weider, Canadian-American bodybuilder and publisher, co-founded the International Federation of BodyBuilding & Fitness (b. 1919)
• 2014 – Dave Brockie, Canadian-American singer-songwriter and bass player (Gwar, Death Piggy, X-Cops, and Dave Brockie Experience) (b. 1963)
• 2014 – Peter Oakley, English blogger (b. 1927)
• 2014 – Jaroslav Šerých, Czech painter and illustrator (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Adolfo Suárez, Spanish lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1932)
• 2015 – Gian Vittorio Baldi, Italian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1930)
• 2015 – Lil' Chris, English singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1990)
• 2015 – Herberto Hélder, Portuguese poet and author (b. 1930)
• 2015 – Lee Kuan Yew, Singaporean lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Singapore (b. 1923)
• 2015 – Bobby Lowther, American basketball player and lieutenant (b. 1923)

'Anything is possible in space'

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