[edit]

• 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I, with co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II, declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to trinitarian Christianity.
• 425 – The University of Constantinople is founded by Emperor Theodosius II at the urging of his wife Aelia Eudocia.
• 907 – Abaoji, a Khitan chieftain, is enthroned as Emperor Taizu, establishing the Liao dynasty in northern China.
• 1560 – The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Lords of the Congregation of Scotland.
• 1594 – Henry IV is crowned King of France.
• 1617 – Sweden and Russia sign the Treaty of Stolbovo, ending the Ingrian War and shutting Russia out of the Baltic Sea.
• 1626 – Yuan Chonghuan is appointed Governor of Liaodong, after he led the Chinese into a great victory against the Manchurians under Nurhaci.
• 1700 – The island of New Britain is discovered.
• 1776 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge in North Carolina breaks up a Loyalist militia.
• 1782 – American Revolutionary War: The House of Commons of Great Britain votes against further war in America.
• 1801 – Pursuant to the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801, Washington, D.C. is placed under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress.
• 1809 – Action of 27 February 1809: Captain Bernard Dubourdieu captures HMS Proserpine
• 1812 – Argentine War of Independence: Manuel Belgrano raises the Flag of Argentina in the city of Rosario for the first time.
• 1812 – Poet Lord Byron gives his first address as a member of the House of Lords, in defense of Luddite violence against Industrialism in his home county of Nottinghamshire.
• 1829 – Battle of Tarqui is fought.
• 1844 – The Dominican Republic gains independence from Haiti.
• 1860 – Abraham Lincoln makes a speech at Cooper Union in the city of New York that is largely responsible for his election to the Presidency.
• 1861 – Russian troops fire on a crowd in Warsaw protesting against Russian rule over Poland, killing five protesters.
• 1864 – American Civil War: The first Northern prisoners arrive at the Confederate prison at Andersonville, Georgia.
• 1870 – The current flag of Japan is first adopted as the national flag for Japanese merchant ships.
• 1881 – First Boer War: The Battle of Majuba Hill takes place.
• 1898 – King George I of Greece survives an assassination attempt.
• 1900 – Second Boer War: In South Africa, British military leaders receive an unconditional notice of surrender from Boer General Piet Cronjé at the Battle of Paardeberg.
• 1900 – The British Labour Party is founded.
• 1900 – Fußball-Club Bayern München is founded.
• 1902 – Second Boer War: Australian soldiers Harry 'Breaker' Morant and Peter Handcock are executed in Pretoria for war crimes.
• 1921 – The International Working Union of Socialist Parties is founded in Vienna.
• 1922 – A challenge to the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, allowing women the right to vote, is rebuffed by the Supreme Court of the United States in Leser v. Garnett.
• 1933 – Reichstag fire: Germany's parliament building in Berlin, the Reichstag, is set on fire; Marinus van der Lubbe, a young Dutch Communist claims responsibility. The Nazis used the fire to solidify their power and eliminate the communists as political rivals.
• 1939 – United States labor law: The U.S. Supreme Court rules that sit-down strikes violate property owners' rights and are therefore illegal.
• 1940 – Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben discover carbon-14.
• 1942 – World War II: During the Battle of the Java Sea, an Allied strike force is defeated by a Japanese task force in the Java Sea in the Dutch East Indies.
• 1943 – The Smith Mine #3 in Bearcreek, Montana, explodes, killing 74 men.
• 1943 – The Rosenstrasse protest starts in Berlin.
• 1951 – The Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution, limiting Presidents to two terms, is ratified.
• 1955 – Soviet Union regional elections, 1955.
• 1961 – The first congress of the Spanish Trade Union Organisation is inaugurated.
• 1962 – Two dissident Vietnam Air Force pilots bomb the Independence Palace in Saigon in a failed attempt to assassinate South Vietnam President Ngô Đình Diệm.
• 1963 – The Dominican Republic receives its first democratically elected president, Juan Bosch, since the end of the dictatorship led by Rafael Trujillo.
• 1964 – The Government of Italy asks for help to keep the Leaning Tower of Pisa from toppling over.
• 1971 – Doctors in the first Dutch abortion clinic (the Mildredhuis in Arnhem) start to perform aborti provocati.
• 1973 – The American Indian Movement (AIM) occupies Wounded Knee, South Dakota.
• 1976 – The formerly Spanish territory of Western Sahara, under the auspices of the Polisario Front declares independence as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.
• 1986 – The United States Senate allows its debates to be televised on a trial basis.
• 1988 – Sumgait pogrom: The Armenian community of Sumgait in Azerbaijan is targeted in a violent massacre.
• 1989 – Venezuela is rocked by the Caracazo riots.
• 1991 – Gulf War: U.S. President George H. W. Bush announces that "Kuwait is liberated".
• 1995 – Zakho: A terrorist explosion in a market in the city of Zakho leaves about 100 dead and 150 wounded.
• 2002 – Ryanair Flight 296 catches fire at London Stansted Airport. Subsequent investigations criticize Ryanair's handling of the evacuation.
• 2002 – Godhra train burning: A Muslim mob torches a train returning from Ayodhya, killing 59 Hindu pilgrims.
• 2004 – A bombing of a Superferry by Abu Sayyaf in the Philippines' worst terrorist attack kills 116.
• 2004 – The initial version of the John Jay Report, with details about the Catholic sexual abuse scandal in the United States, is released.
• 2007 – The Chinese Correction: The Shanghai Stock Exchange falls 9%, the largest drop in ten years.
• 2010 – An earthquake measuring 8.8 on the Richter scale strikes central parts of Chile leaving over 500 victims, and thousands injured. The quake triggered a tsunami which struck Hawaii shortly after.
• 2012 – A section of a nine-story apartment building in the city of Astrakhan, Russia, collapses in a natural gas explosion, killing ten people and injuring at least 12 others.
• 2013 – At least 19 people are killed when a fire breaks out at an illegal market in Kolkata, India.
• 2013 – Five people (including the perpetrator) are killed and five others injured in a shooting at a factory in Menznau, Switzerland.
• 2015 – A gunman kills seven people then himself in a series of shootings in Tyrone, Missouri.

Births[edit]

• 272 – Constantine the Great, Roman emperor (d. 337)
• 1572 – Francis II, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1632)
• 1575 – John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (d. 1616)
• 1606 – Laurent de La Hyre, French painter (d. 1656)
• 1630 – Roche Braziliano, Dutch pirate (d. 1671)
• 1667 – Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł, Prussian-Lithuanian wife of Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine (d. 1695)
• 1689 – Pietro Gnocchi, Italian composer, director, historian, and geographer (d. 1775)
• 1691 – Edward Cave, English publisher, founded The Gentleman's Magazine (d. 1754)
• 1711 – Constantine Mavrocordatos, Ottoman ruler (d. 1769)
• 1724 – Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (d. 1767)
• 1732 – Jean de Dieu-Raymond de Cucé de Boisgelin, French cardinal (d. 1804)
• 1746 – Louis-Jérôme Gohier, French politician, French Minister of Justice (d. 1830)
• 1748 – Anders Erikson Sparrman, Swedish physician and activist (d. 1820)
• 1767 – Jacques-Charles Dupont de l'Eure, French lawyer and politician, 24th Prime Minister of France (d. 1855)
• 1779 – Thomas Hazlehurst, English businessman, founded Hazlehurst & Sons (d. 1842)
• 1789 – Manuel Rodríguez Erdoíza, Chilean lawyer and politician, Chilean Minister of National Defense (d. 1818)
• 1795 – José Antonio Navarro, American merchant and politician (d. 1871)
• 1807 – Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, American poet and educator (d. 1882)
• 1809 – Jean-Charles Cornay, French missionary and saint (d. 1837)
• 1812 – Pieter Harting, Dutch biologist and botanist (d. 1885)
• 1831 – Nikolai Ge, Russian painter (d. 1894)
• 1846 – Franz Mehring, German historian and politician (d. 1919)
• 1847 – Ellen Terry, English actress (d. 1928)
• 1848 – Hubert Parry, English composer and historian (d. 1918)
• 1850 – Laura E. Richards, American author and poet (d. 1943)
• 1856 – Mattia Battistini, Italian opera singer (d. 1928)
• 1859 – Bertha Pappenheim, Austrian-German activist and author (d. 1936)
• 1862 – Anastasios Metaxas, Greek target shooter and architect (d. 1937)
• 1863 – Joaquín Sorolla, Spanish painter (d. 1923)
• 1863 – George Herbert Mead, American sociologist and philosopher (d. 1930)
• 1864 – Eemil Nestor Setälä, Finnish linguist and politician, Finnish Minister for Foreign Affairs (d. 1935)
• 1867 – Irving Fisher, American economist and statistician (d. 1947)
• 1867 – Wilhelm Peterson-Berger, Swedish composer and critic (d. 1942)
• 1869 – Alice Hamilton, American physician and academic (d. 1970)
• 1870 – Louis Coerne, American composer and educator (d. 1922)
• 1872 – Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, Romanian politician, Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1950)
• 1877 – Walter Briggs, Sr., American businessman (d. 1952)
• 1877 – Adela Verne, English pianist and composer (d. 1952)
• 1878 – Alvan T. Fuller, American politician, 50th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1958)
• 1879 – René Lefebvre, French businessman (d. 1944)
• 1881 – Sveinn Björnsson, Danish-Icelandic lawyer and politician, 1st President of Iceland (d. 1952)
• 1881 – L. E. J. Brouwer, Dutch mathematician and academic (d. 1966)
• 1882 – George Terwilliger, American film director and screenwriter (d. 1970)
• 1886 – Hugo Black, American captain, jurist, and politician (d. 1971)
• 1887 – Pyotr Nesterov, Russian captain, pilot, and engineer (d. 1914)
• 1888 – Roberto Assagioli, Italian psychiatrist and psychologist (d. 1974)
• 1888 – Earl Caddock, American wrestler (d. 1950)
• 1888 – Lotte Lehmann, German soprano (d. 1976)
• 1888 – Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr., American historian and academic (d. 1965)
• 1890 – Freddie Keppard, American cornet player (d. 1933)
• 1891 – David Sarnoff, Belarusian-American journalist and businessman, founded RCA (d. 1971)
• 1892 – William Demarest, American actor and singer (d. 1983)
• 1895 – Miyagiyama Fukumatsu, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1943)
• 1897 – Marian Anderson, American singer (d. 1993)
• 1899 – Charles Herbert Best, American-Canadian physiologist and biochemist, co-discovered Insulin (d. 1978)
• 1899 – Ian Keith, American actor (d. 1960)
• 1901 – Marino Marini, Italian sculptor and academic (d. 1980)
• 1902 – Gene Sarazen, American golfer and sportscaster (d. 1999)
• 1902 – Ethelda Bleibtrey, American swimmer (d. 1978)
• 1902 – Lúcio Costa, French-Brazilian architect and engineer, designed Gustavo Capanema Palace (d. 1998)
• 1902 – John Steinbeck, American author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968)
• 1903 – Ion Irimescu, Romanian sculptor and illustrator (d. 2005)
• 1903 – Grethe Weiser, German actress and singer (d. 1970)
• 1903 – Reginald Gardiner, English-American actor and singer (d. 1980)
• 1904 – James T. Farrell, American author and poet (d. 1979)
• 1904 – Chick Fullis, American baseball player (d. 1946)
• 1904 – Yulii Borisovich Khariton, Russian physicist and academic (d. 1996)
• 1904 – André Leducq, French cyclist (d. 1980)
• 1905 – Franchot Tone, American actor, singer, and producer (d. 1968)
• 1907 – Mildred Bailey, American singer (d. 1951)
• 1907 – Momčilo Đujić, Serbian-American priest and commander (d. 1999)
• 1909 – Väinö Myllyrinne, Finnish giant (d. 1963)
• 1910 – Joan Bennett, American actress and singer (d. 1990)
• 1910 – Peter De Vries, American journalist and author (d. 1993)
• 1910 – Ted Horn, American race car driver (d. 1948)
• 1910 – Kelly Johnson, American engineer, co-founded Skunk Works (d. 1990)
• 1910 – Genrikh Kasparyan, Armenian chess player (d. 1995)
• 1912 – Kusumagraj, Indian author, poet, and playwright (d. 1999)
• 1912 – Lawrence Durrell, Indian-French author, poet, and playwright (d. 1990)
• 1913 – Paul Ricœur, French philosopher and academic (d. 2005)
• 1913 – Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish soldier and politician, President of Poland (d. 1989)
• 1913 – Irwin Shaw, American author and screenwriter (d. 1984)
• 1915 – Olavi Virta, Finnish singer (d. 1972)
• 1915 – Denis Whitaker, Canadian general, football player, and businessman (d. 2001)
• 1917 – John Connally, American lieutenant and politician, 61st United States Secretary of Treasury (d. 1993)
• 1921 – Theodore Van Kirk, American soldier, pilot, and navigator (d. 2014)
• 1922 – Hans Rookmaaker, Dutch historian, author, and scholar (d. 1977)
• 1923 – Dexter Gordon, American saxophonist, composer, and actor (d. 1990)
• 1925 – Samuel Dash, American lawyer and academic (d. 2004)
• 1925 – Hardrock Gunter, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2013)
• 1926 – David H. Hubel, Canadian-American neurophysiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
• 1927 – Lynn Cartwright, American actress (d. 2004)
• 1927 – Peter Whittle, New Zealand-English mathematician and theorist
• 1928 – Alfred Hrdlicka, Austrian painter and sculptor (d. 2009)
• 1929 – Bella Flores, Filipino actress (d. 2013)
• 1929 – Jack Gibson, Australian rugby player, coach, and sportscaster (d. 2008)
• 1929 – Stefan Kudelski, Polish engineer, invented the Nagra (d. 2013)
• 1929 – Djalma Santos, Brazilian footballer (d. 2013)
• 1930 – Jovan Krkobabić, Serbian politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia (d. 2014)
• 1930 – Peter Stone, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2003)
• 1930 – Paul von Ragué Schleyer, American chemist and academic (d. 2014)
• 1930 – Joanne Woodward, American actress and producer
• 1932 – Elizabeth Taylor, English-American actress, singer, and producer (d. 2011)
• 1932 – David Young, Baron Young of Graffham, English businessman and politician, Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills
• 1933 – Raymond Berry, American football player and coach
• 1933 – Edward Lucie-Smith, British poet, author, and critic
• 1934 – Vincent Fourcade, French interior designer (d. 1992)
• 1934 – N. Scott Momaday, American author and academic
• 1934 – Ralph Nader, American lawyer and politician
• 1934 – Van Williams, American actor
• 1935 – Mirella Freni, Italian soprano and actress
• 1935 – Brian Heap, English biologist and academic
• 1935 – Uri Shulevitz, American author and illustrator
• 1936 – Ron Barassi, Australian footballer and coach
• 1936 – Roger Mahony, American cardinal
• 1937 – Barbara Babcock, American actress
• 1937 – Aslan Usoyan, Georgian-Russian mobster (d. 2013)
• 1938 – Jake Thackray, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and journalist (d. 2002)
• 1939 – Don McKinnon, English-New Zealand politician, 12th Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand
• 1939 – Peter Revson, American race car driver (d. 1974)
• 1940 – Pierre Duchesne, Canadian politician, 28th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec
• 1940 – Howard Hesseman, American actor
• 1940 – Bill Hunter, Australian actor (d. 2011)
• 1941 – Paddy Ashdown, Indian-English captain and politician
• 1942 – Jimmy Burns, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1942 – Michel Forget, Canadian actor
• 1942 – Robert H. Grubbs, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1942 – Charlayne Hunter-Gault, American journalist
• 1942 – Klaus-Dieter Sieloff, German footballer (d. 2011)
• 1943 – Mary Frann, American actress (d. 1998)
• 1943 – Morten Lauridsen, American composer and conductor
• 1943 – Carlos Alberto Parreira, Brazilian footballer and manager
• 1944 – Ken Grimwood, American author (d. 2003)
• 1944 – Graeme Pollock, South African cricketer and coach
• 1944 – Roger Scruton, English philosopher and author
• 1945 – Carl Anderson, American singer and actor (d. 2004)
• 1947 – Alan Guth, American physicist and cosmologist
• 1947 – Gidon Kremer, Latvian violinist and conductor
• 1949 – Istvan Banyai, Hungarian illustrator and animator
• 1949 – Rosalinda Galli, Italian voice actress
• 1949 – Robert Paterson, English bishop
• 1950 – Gilla, Austrian singer
• 1950 – Julia Neuberger, Baroness Neuberger, English rabbi and politician
• 1950 – Annabel Goldie, Scottish lawyer and politician
• 1951 – Lee Atwater, American politician (d. 1991)
• 1951 – Steve Harley, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Cockney Rebel)
• 1951 – Janet Steinbeck, Australian swimmer
• 1952 – Stathis Psaltis, Greek actor
• 1953 – Gavin Esler, Scottish journalist and author
• 1953 – Ian Khama, English-Botswanan lieutenant and politician, 4th President of Botswana
• 1953 – Yolande Moreau, Belgian actress and director
• 1954 – JoAnn Falletta, American conductor
• 1954 – Neal Schon, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Journey, Santana, Bad English, and Hardline)
• 1955 – Peter Christopherson, English keyboard player, songwriter, and director (Coil and Throbbing Gristle (d. 2010)
• 1955 – Lou Hirsch, American actor
• 1956 – Anne Veski, Estonian singer
• 1957 – Danny Antonucci, Canadian animator, producer, and screenwriter
• 1957 – Robert de Castella, Australian runner
• 1957 – Adrian Smith, English guitarist and songwriter (Iron Maiden, ASAP, and Psycho Motel, and Urchin)
• 1957 – Timothy Spall, English actor and singer
• 1958 – Naas Botha, South African rugby player
• 1958 – Max Crivello, Italian illustrator
• 1958 – Maggie Hassan, American lawyer and politician, 81st Governor of New Hampshire
• 1958 – Nancy Spungen, American murder victim, girlfriend of Sid Vicious (d. 1978)
• 1959 – Frédéric Durieux, French composer
• 1959 – Vardan Petrosyan, Armenian-French actor and screenwriter
• 1959 – Johnny Van Zant, American singer-songwriter (Lynyrd Skynyrd and Van Zant)
• 1960 – Andrés Gómez, Ecuadorian tennis player
• 1960 – Paul Humphreys, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player (Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark, The Listening Pool, and Onetwo)
• 1960 – Carson Yeung, Hong Kong businessman
• 1961 – James Worthy, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1962 – Adam Baldwin, American actor
• 1962 – Grant Show, American actor
• 1962 – Robert Spencer, American author and blogger
• 1963 – Barbara Dare, American porn actress
• 1963 – Cynthia Layne, American singer-songwriter (d. 2015)
• 1963 – Nasty Suicide, Finnish guitarist (Hanoi Rocks and The Suicide Twins)
• 1963 – Pär Nuder, Swedish politician
• 1964 – Todd Bodine, American race car driver
• 1964 – John Pyper-Ferguson, Australian-Canadian actor
• 1964 – Thomas Lange, German rower and physician
• 1964 – Jeffrey Pasley, professor of American history at the University of Missouri
• 1965 – Noah Emmerich, American actor
• 1965 – Pedro Chaves, Portuguese race car driver
• 1966 – Donal Logue, Canadian actor and director
• 1966 – Baltasar Kormákur, Icelandic actor, director, and producer
• 1967 – Volkan Konak, Turkish singer
• 1967 – Dănuț Lupu, Romanian footballer
• 1968 – Matt Stairs, Canadian baseball player and sportscaster
• 1969 – Stuart MacBride, Scottish author
• 1969 – Gareth Llewellyn, Welsh rugby player and coach
• 1970 – Kent Desormeaux, American jockey
• 1970 – Patricia Petibon, French coloratura soprano
• 1971 – Sara Blakely, American businesswoman, founded Spanx
• 1971 – Derren Brown, English magician and painter
• 1971 – Roman Giertych, Polish lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland
• 1971 – Rozonda Thomas, American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress (TLC)
• 1972 – Jennifer Lyon, American contestant on Survivor: Palau (d. 2010)
• 1973 – Peter Andre, English-Australian singer-songwriter and actor
• 1973 – Li Bingbing, Chinese actress and singer
• 1973 – Ali Tabatabaee, Iranian-American singer-songwriter (Zebrahead)
• 1973 – Mark Taylor, Welsh rugby player and manager
• 1974 – Julie Andrieu, French radio and television host
• 1974 – Colin Edwards, American motorcycle racer
• 1974 – Carte Goodwin, American lawyer and politician
• 1974 – Movlud Miraliyev, Uzbekistani-Azerbaijani martial artist
• 1975 – Nikita Gross, Czech-Russian porn actress and model
• 1975 – Prodromos Korkizoglou, Greek decathlete
• 1975 – Christopher B. Landon, American director and screenwriter
• 1975 – Eugenia Manolidou, Greek composer and conductor
• 1976 – Tony Gonzalez, American football player and sportscaster
• 1976 – Yukari Tamura, Japanese voice actress and singer
• 1976 – Sergei Semak, Ukrainian-Russian footballer and manager
• 1977 – Ji Sung, South Korean actor
• 1977 – James Wan, Malaysian-Australian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1978 – James Beattie, English footballer and manager
• 1978 – Kakha Kaladze, Georgian footballer
• 1978 – Emelie Öhrstig, Swedish skier and cyclist
• 1980 – Brandon Beemer, American model and actor
• 1980 – Chelsea Clinton, American journalist and academic
• 1980 – Don Diablo, Dutch singer-songwriter, DJ, and producer
• 1980 – Scott Prince, Australian rugby player
• 1980 – Bobby V, American singer-songwriter (Mista)
• 1981 – Will Devaughn, German-Filipino model and actor
• 1981 – Evi Goffin, Belgian singer-songwriter (Lasgo)
• 1981 – Josh Groban, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor
• 1981 – Cameron Ling, Australian footballer
• 1981 – Élodie Ouédraogo, Belgian sprinter
• 1981 – Alessandro Rottoli, Italian footballer
• 1982 – Ali Bastian, English actress
• 1982 – Benjamin Bradley, American porn actor
• 1982 – Amedy Coulibaly, French criminal (d. 2015)
• 1982 – Bruno Soares, Brazilian tennis player
• 1983 – Duje Draganja, Croatian swimmer
• 1983 – Devin Harris, American basketball player
• 1983 – Hayley Angel Holt, English actress and singer
• 1983 – Kate Mara, American actress
• 1983 – Mohammed Nabbous, Libyan journalist (d. 2011)
• 1983 – Pat Richards, Australian rugby league player
• 1983 – Vítězslav Veselý, Czech javelin thrower
• 1984 – David Noel, American basketball player
• 1984 – Aníbal Sánchez, American baseball player
• 1984 – Lotta Schelin, Swedish footballer
• 1984 – Antti Tuisku, Finnish singer
• 1985 – Diniyar Bilyaletdinov, Russian footballer
• 1985 – Braydon Coburn, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1985 – Vladislav Kulik, Ukrainian-Russian footballer
• 1986 – Yovani Gallardo, American baseball player
• 1986 – Jonathan Moreira, Brazilian footballer
• 1986 – Sandeep Singh, Indian field hockey player
• 1987 – Djaïd Kasri, French-Algerian footballer
• 1987 – Kristian Marmor, Estonian footballer
• 1987 – Sandy Paillot, French footballer
• 1987 – Scott Davies, English footballer
• 1988 – Iain Ramsay, Australian footballer
• 1988 – Dustin Jeffrey, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1989 – David Button, English footballer
• 1989 – Shota Shimizu, Japanese singer-songwriter
• 1989 – Matt Lapinskas, English actor
• 1989 – Stefano Langone, American singer
• 1989 – Xiao Xun, Taiwanese singer and actress (Hey Girl)
• 1989 – Lloyd Rigby, English footballer
• 1990 – Lindsey Morgan, American actress
• 1990 – Megan Young, Filipino model and actress, Miss World 2013
• 1991 – Azeem Rafiq, Pakistani cricketer
• 1992 – Ty Dillon, American race car driver
• 1992 – Meyers Leonard, American basketball player
• 1992 – Ioannis Potouridis, Greek footballer
• 1992 – Jonjo Shelvey, English footballer
• 1992 – Callum Wilson, English footballer
• 1993 – Alphonse Aréola, French-Filipino footballer
• 1993 – Gong Seung-yeon, South Korean actress
• 1994 – Hou Yifan, Chinese chess player
• 1995 – Laura Gulbe, Latvian tennis player
• 2007 – Lance Lucido, Filipino actor

Deaths[edit]

• 640 – Pepin of Landen, Frankish politician (b. 580)
• 956 – Theophylact of Constantinople (b. 917)
• 1659 – Henry Dunster, English-American clergyman and academic (b. 1609)
• 1699 – Charles Paulet, 1st Duke of Bolton, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire (b. 1625)
• 1702 – Münejjim Bashi, Ottoman astrologer, Sufi, and historian
• 1706 – John Evelyn, English gardener and author (b. 1620)
• 1720 – Samuel Parris, English-American minister (b. 1653)
• 1735 – John Arbuthnot, Scottish physician and polymath (b. 1667)
• 1795 – Tanikaze Kajinosuke, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1750)
• 1844 – Nicholas Biddle, American banker and politician (b. 1786)
• 1887 – Alexander Borodin, Russian composer and chemist (b. 1833)
• 1892 – Louis Vuitton, French businessman, founded Louis Vuitton (b. 1821)
• 1902 – Peter Handcock, Australian lieutenant (b. 1868)
• 1902 – Breaker Morant, English-Australian lieutenant (b. 1864)
• 1921 – Schofield Haigh, English cricketer and umpire (b. 1871)
• 1928 – Jürgen Kröger, German architect (b. 1856)
• 1931 – Chandra Shekhar Azad, Indian activist (b. 1906)
• 1932 – William Southam, Canadian publisher (b. 1843)
• 1936 – Joshua W. Alexander, American judge and politician, 2nd United States Secretary of Commerce (b. 1852)
• 1936 – Ivan Pavlov, Russian physiologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1849)
• 1937 – Emily Malbone Morgan, American saint, founded the Society of the Companions of the Holy Cross (b. 1862)
• 1941 – William D. Byron, American politician (b. 1895)
• 1943 – Kostis Palamas, Greek poet and playwright (b. 1859)
• 1956 – Ganesh Vasudev Mavalankar, Indian lawyer and politician, 1st Speaker of the Lok Sabha (b. 1888)
• 1964 – Orry-Kelly, Australian-American costume designer (b. 1897)
• 1968 – Frankie Lymon, American singer-songwriter (The Teenagers) (b. 1942)
• 1969 – Marius Barbeau, Canadian ethnographer and academic (b. 1883)
• 1972 – Pat Brady, American actor and singer (b. 1914)
• 1973 – Bill Everett, American author and illustrator (b. 1917)
• 1977 – John Dickson Carr, American author and playwright (b. 1905)
• 1978 – Vadim Salmanov, Russian composer (b. 1912)
• 1980 – George Tobias, American actor and singer (b. 1901)
• 1981 – Jacob H. Gilbert, American politician (b. 1920)
• 1985 – Ray Ellington, English singer and drummer (b. 1916)
• 1985 – Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., American politician and diplomat, 3rd United States Ambassador to the United Nations (b. 1902)
• 1985 – J. Pat O'Malley, English-American actor and singer (b. 1904)
• 1986 – Jacques Plante, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1929)
• 1987 – Bill Holman, American cartoonist (b. 1903)
• 1987 – Joan Greenwood, English actress and director (b. 1921)
• 1989 – Paul Oswald Ahnert, German astronomer (b. 1897)
• 1989 – Konrad Lorenz, Austrian zoologist, ethologist, and ornithologist, Nobel laureate (b. 1903)
• 1990 – Nahum Norbert Glatzer, Ukrainian-American scholar and theologian (b. 1903)
• 1990 – Josephine Johnson, American author and poet (b. 1910)
• 1992 – S. I. Hayakawa, Canadian-American linguist and politician (b. 1906)
• 1993 – Lillian Gish, American actress and director (b. 1893)
• 1998 – George H. Hitchings, American pharmacologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
• 1998 – J. T. Walsh, American actor (b. 1943)
• 1999 – Horace Tapscott American pianist and composer (b. 1934)
• 2002 – Spike Milligan, Indian-Irish comedian, actor, and author (b. 1918)
• 2003 – John Lanchbery, English-Australian composer and conductor (b. 1923)
• 2003 – Fred Rogers, American minister and television host (b. 1928)
• 2004 – Yoshihiko Amino, Japanese historian and academic (b. 1928)
• 2004 – Paul Sweezy, American economist and journalist (b. 1910)
• 2006 – Otis Chandler, American publisher (b. 1927)
• 2006 – Robert Lee Scott, Jr., American general and author (b. 1908)
• 2006 – Linda Smith, English comedian and author (b. 1958)
• 2007 – Bobby Rosengarden, American drummer (b. 1924)
• 2007 – Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven, German general (b. 1914)
• 2008 – Ivan Rebroff, German singer (b. 1931)
• 2008 – William F. Buckley, Jr., American author and journalist, founded the National Review (b. 1925)
• 2008 – Boyd Coddington, American motorcycle designer (b. 1944)
• 2008 – Myron Cope, American journalist and sportscaster (b. 1929)
• 2010 – Nanaji Deshmukh, Indian educator and activist (b. 1916)
• 2011 – Frank Buckles, American soldier (b. 1901)
• 2011 – Necmettin Erbakan, Turkish engineer and politician, 32nd Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1926)
• 2011 – Duke Snider, American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster (b. 1926)
• 2011 – Gary Winick, American director and producer (b. 1961)
• 2012 – Vince Dantona, American ventriloquist (b. 1949)
• 2012 – Ma Jiyuan, Chinese general (b. 1921)
• 2012 – Tina Strobos, Dutch physician and psychiatrist (b. 1920)
• 2012 – Helga Vlahović, Croatian journalist and producer (b. 1945)
• 2013 – Van Cliburn, American pianist (b. 1934)
• 2013 – Ramon Dekkers, Dutch mixed martial artist and kick-boxer (b. 1969)
• 2013 – Stéphane Hessel, German-French diplomat and author (b. 1917)
• 2013 – Richard Street, American singer-songwriter (The Temptations and The Monitors) (b. 1942)
• 2013 – Adolfo Zaldívar, Chilean lawyer and politician (b. 1943)
• 2014 – Aaron Allston, American game designer and author (b. 1960)
• 2014 – Tim Kehoe, American chemist and author (b. 1970)
• 2014 – Huber Matos, Cuban-American activist (b. 1918)
• 2014 – Terry Rand, American basketball player (b. 1934)
• 2014 – Vicente T. Ximenes, American activist (b. 1919)
• 2015 – Richard Bakalyan, American actor (b. 1931)
• 2015 – Bob Benmosche, American businessman (b. 1944)
• 2015 – Boris Nemtsov, Russian academic and politician, First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia (b. 1959)
• 2015 – Leonard Nimoy, American actor, singer, and director (b. 1931)
• 2015 – Julio César Strassera, Argentinian lawyer and jurist (b. 1933)

Sam Smith Bond song splits opinion

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Reactions to Sam Smith's theme song for new James Bond film Spectre vary widely following its unveiling earlier on Nick Grimshaw's Radio 1 breakfast show.

Former Bond actor Sir Roger Moore called Writing's On the Wall "very haunting and wonderfully orchestrated".

But other Twitter users have been less complimentary, with one describing it as the "worst Bond theme ever".

BBC entertainment correspondent Colin Paterson said it was "good enough, but not a classic".

The song, whose full version runs for 4 minutes and 38 seconds, begins with the words: "I've been here before / But always hit the floor."

"I've spent a lifetime running, and I always get away," it continues. "But with you I'm feeling something, that makes we want to stay."

"I think it's a song about a man deciding to quit it all for love," Paterson said of the track on BBC Breakfast, comparing its melody to that of Michael Jackson's 1995 single Earth Song.

He also suggested it was far superior to Die Another Day, the much-derided song Madonna contributed to the 2002 Bond film of that name.

Comedian David Schneider was not convinced, greeting the song's release with the words: "The name is Bland. James Bland."

Yet fellow comic Omid Djalili was far more effusive, tweeting the song had left him "in a broken heap."

"If you're not moved by this song you don't have a pulse," wrote Djalili, who had a small role in 1999 Bond film The World is Not Enough.

Image copyrightSony

Smith is the first solo male British act to perform a Bond film's theme song since 1964, when Tom Jones was heard over the opening credits of Thunderball.

The last Bond theme, Adele's song for 2012's Skyfall, peaked at number two in the UK singles chart.

No Bond song has ever reached the top of the UK chart, and opinion is divided whether Smith's track will do so.

Canadian pop star Justin Bieber is currently at number one and is expected to remain there when this week's chart is revealed later on Friday.

Smith himself has said he and his songwriting partner, Jimmy Napes, wanted to create a song that was "timelessly classic".

"This isn't about me, about my life," he said in a promotional video for the song. "I just hope people listen to it and think, 'That's Bond'."

The song's title appears to derive from a scene in Spectre, viewed briefly in the film's trailer, in which James Bond's name is found scrawled upon a wall.

Sema Yildiz: Το αγοροκόριτσο που έγινε βασίλισσα του οριεντάλ

[edit]

• 48 BC – Pompey the Great is assassinated on the orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt.
• 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He and Hippolytus, church leader of Rome, are exiled to the mines of Sardinia.
• 351 – Battle of Mursa Major: the Roman Emperor Constantius II defeats the usurper Magnentius.
• 365 – Roman usurper Procopius bribes two legions passing by Constantinople, and proclaims himself Roman emperor.
• 935 – Saint Wenceslas is murdered by his brother, Boleslaus I of Bohemia.
• 995 – Members of Slavník's dynasty – Spytimír, Pobraslav, Pořej and Čáslav are murdered by Boleslaus's son, Boleslaus II the Pious.
• 1066 – William the Conqueror invades England beginning the Norman conquest of England.
• 1106 – The Battle of Tinchebray – Henry I of England defeats his brother, Robert Curthose.
• 1238 – Muslim Valencia surrenders to the besieging King James I of Aragon the Conqueror.
• 1322 – Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor defeats Frederick I of Austria in the Battle of Mühldorf.
• 1448 – Christian I is crowned king of Denmark.
• 1538 – Ottoman–Venetian War: The Ottoman Navy scores a decisive victory over a Holy League fleet in the Battle of Preveza.
• 1542 – Navigator Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo of Portugal arrives at what is now San Diego, California, United States.
• 1779 – American Revolution: Samuel Huntington is elected President of the Continental Congress, succeeding John Jay.
• 1781 – American forces backed by a French fleet begin the siege of Yorktown, Virginia, during the American Revolutionary War.
• 1787 – The newly completed United States Constitution is voted on by the U.S. Congress to be sent to the state legislatures for approval.
• 1791 – France becomes the first country to emancipate its Jewish population.
• 1844 – Oscar I of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Sweden.
• 1867 – Toronto becomes the capital of Ontario, having also been the capital of Ontario's predecessors since 1796.
• 1868 – Battle of Alcolea causes Queen Isabella II of Spain to flee to France.
• 1871 – Brazilian Parliament passes the Law of the Free Womb, granting freedom to all new children born to slaves, the first major step in the eradication of slavery in Brazil.
• 1885 – Riots break out in Montreal to protest against compulsory smallpox vaccination.
• 1889 – The first General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) defines the length of a meter as the distance between two lines on a standard bar of an alloy of platinum with ten percent iridium, measured at the melting point of ice.
• 1892 – The first night game for American football takes place in a contest between Wyoming Seminary and Mansfield State Normal.
• 1901 – Philippine–American War: Filipino guerrillas kill more than forty American soldiers while losing 28 of their own, in a surprise attack in the town of Balangiga on Samar Island.
• 1912 – The Ulster Covenant is signed by half a million Ulster Protestants in opposition to the Third Irish Home Rule Bill.
• 1912 – Corporal Frank S. Scott of the United States Army becomes the first enlisted man to die in an airplane crash. He and pilot Lt. Lewis C. Rockwell are killed in the crash of an Army Wright Model B at College Park, Maryland.
• 1918 – World War I: The Fifth Battle of Ypres begins.
• 1919 – Race riots begin in Omaha, Nebraska, US.
• 1924 – First round-the-world flight completed.
• 1928 – The U.K. Parliament passes the Dangerous Drugs Act outlawing cannabis.
• 1928 – Sir Alexander Fleming notices a bacteria-killing mold growing in his laboratory, discovering what later became known as penicillin.
• 1939 – Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union agree on a division of Poland after their invasion during World War II.
• 1939 – Warsaw surrenders to Nazi Germany during World War II.
• 1941 – The Drama Uprising against the Bulgarian occupation in northern Greece begins.
• 1944 – Soviet Army troops liberate Klooga concentration camp in Klooga, Estonia.
• 1950 – Indonesia joins the United Nations.
• 1951 – CBS makes the first color televisions available for sale to the general public, but the product is discontinued less than a month later.
• 1958 – France ratifies a new Constitution of France; the French Fifth Republic is then formed upon the formal adoption of the new constitution on October 4. Guinea rejects the new constitution, voting for independence instead.
• 1960 – Mali and Senegal join the United Nations.
• 1961 – A military coup in Damascus effectively ends the United Arab Republic, the union between Egypt and Syria.
• 1962 – The Paddington tram depot fire destroys 65 trams in Brisbane, Australia.
• 1963 – Whaam!, now considered Roy Lichtenstein's most important work, debuted at an exhibition held at the Leo Castelli Gallery that lasted until at October 24.
• 1970 – Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser dies of a heart attack in Cairo. Anwar Sadat is named as Nasser's temporary successor, and will later become the permanent successor.
• 1971 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 banning the medicinal use of cannabis.
• 1972 – Paul Henderson scores the series-winning goal for Canada in the final minute of the final game of the ice hockey Summit Series between Canada and the Soviet Union.
• 1973 – The ITT Building in New York City is bombed in protest at ITT's alleged involvement in the September 11, 1973 coup d'état in Chile.
• 1975 – The Spaghetti House siege, in which nine people are taken hostage, takes place in London.
• 1994 – The cruise ferry MS Estonia sinks in Baltic Sea, killing 852 people.
• 1995 – Bob Denard and a group of mercenaries take the islands of Comoros in a coup.
• 1995 – Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat sign the Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.
• 1996 – Former president of Afghanistan Mohammad Najibullah is tortured and brutally murdered by the Taliban.
• 2000 – Al-Aqsa Intifada: Ariel Sharon visits Al-Aqsa Mosque known to Jews as the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.
• 2006 – Suvarnabhumi Airport opens in Amphoe Bang Phli, Samut Prakan Province from Don Mueang International Airport after the older airport ceased international commercial flights.
• 2008 – SpaceX launches the first private spacecraft, the Falcon 1 into orbit.
• 2009 – The military junta leading Guinea, headed by Captain Moussa Dadis Camara, raped, killed, and wounded protesters during a protest rally in a stadium called Stade du 28 Septembre.
• 2012 – Somali and African Union forces launch a coordinated assault on the Somali port city of Kismayo to take back the city from al-Shabaab militants.
• 2012 – A Dornier Do 228 light aircraft crashes on the outskirts of the Nepalese capital of Kathmandu, killing 19 people.
• 2014 – Hong Kong protests : Benny Tai announces that Occupy Central is launched as Hong Kong's government headquarters is being occupied by thousands of protesters. Hong Kong police resort to tear gas to disperse protesters but thousands remain.

Births[edit]

• 616 – Javanshir, Albanian king (d. 680)
• 1494 – Agnolo Firenzuola, Italian poet and playwright (d. 1545)
• 1605 – Ismaël Bullialdus, French astronomer and mathematician (d. 1694)
• 1667 – Asano Naganori, Japanese daimyo (d. 1701)
• 1681 – Johann Mattheson, German composer, lexicographer, and diplomat (d. 1764)
• 1705 – Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, English politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (d. 1774)
• 1705 – Johann Peter Kellner, German organist and composer (d. 1772)
• 1735 – Augustus Fitzroy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, English academic and politician (d. 1811)
• 1746 – William Jones, English-Welsh philologist and scholar (d. 1794)
• 1765 – Frederick Christian II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (d. 1814)
• 1803 – Prosper Mérimée, French archaeologist, historian, and author (d. 1870)
• 1809 – Alvan Wentworth Chapman, American physician and botanist (d. 1899)
• 1819 – Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol, Catalan engineer (d. 1885)
• 1821 – Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs, American minister and politician (d. 1874)
• 1823 – Alexandre Cabanel, French painter and educator (d. 1889)
• 1824 – Francis Turner Palgrave, English poet and critic (d. 1897)
• 1836 – Thomas Crapper, English plumber, invented the ballcock (d. 1910)
• 1841 – Georges Clemenceau, French journalist, physician, and politician, 85th Prime Minister of France (d. 1929)
• 1852 – Henri Moissan, French chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1907)
• 1852 – Isis Pogson, British astronomer and meteorologist (d. 1945)
• 1856 – Kate Douglas Wiggin, American author and educator (d. 1923)
• 1860 – Paul Ulrich Villard, French chemist and physicist (d. 1934)
• 1861 – Amélie of Orléans (d. 1951)
• 1867 – Hiranuma Kiichirō, Japanese politician, 35th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1952)
• 1877 – Walter Thijssen, Dutch rower (d. 1943)
• 1877 – Albert Young, American boxer and promoter (d. 1940)
• 1878 – Joseph Ruddy, American swimmer and water polo player (d. 1962)
• 1870 – Florent Schmitt, French composer (d. 1958)
• 1881 – Pedro de Cordoba, American actor (d. 1950)
• 1882 – Mart Saar, Estonian organist and composer (d. 1963)
• 1885 – Emil Väre, Finnish wrestler (d. 1974)
• 1887 – Avery Brundage, American businessman, 5th President of the International Olympic Committee (d. 1975)
• 1889 – Jack Fournier, American baseball player and coach (d. 1973)
• 1891 – Myrtle Gonzalez, American actress (d. 1918)
• 1893 – Giannis Skarimpas, Greek author, poet, and playwright (d. 1984)
• 1898 – Carl Clauberg, German physician (d. 1957)
• 1899 – Alice de Janzé, American-Kenyan heiress (d. 1941)
• 1900 – Joe Falcon, American accordion player (d. 1965)
• 1901 – William S. Paley, American broadcaster, founded CBS (d. 1990)
• 1901 – Ed Sullivan, American television host (d. 1974)
• 1903 – Haywood S. Hansell, American general (d. 1988)
• 1905 – Max Schmeling, German boxer (d. 2005)
• 1907 – Heikki Savolainen, Finnish gymnast and physician (d. 1997)
• 1907 – Bhagat Singh, Indian activist (d. 1931)
• 1909 – Al Capp, American cartoonist (d. 1979)
• 1910 – Diosdado Macapagal, Filipino lawyer and politician, 9th President of the Philippines (d. 1997)
• 1910 – Wenceslao Vinzons, Filipino lawyer and politician (d. 1942)
• 1913 – Warja Honegger-Lavater, Swiss illustrator (d. 2007)
• 1914 – Maria Franziska von Trapp, Austrian-American singer (d. 2014)
• 1916 – Peter Finch, English-Australian actor (d. 1977)
• 1916 – Olga Lepeshinskaya, Ukrainian-Russian ballerina and educator (d. 2008)
• 1918 – Ángel Labruna, Argentinian footballer and manager (d. 1983)
• 1918 – Arnold Stang, American actor and singer (d. 2009)
• 1919 – Doris Singleton, American actress and singer (d. 2012)
• 1923 – Tuli Kupferberg, American singer, poet, and author (The Fugs) (d. 2010)
• 1923 – John Scott, 9th Duke of Buccleuch, Scottish captain and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Selkirkshire (d. 2007)
• 1923 – William Windom, American actor (d. 2012)
• 1924 – Rudolf Barshai, Russian-Swiss viola player and conductor (d. 2010)
• 1924 – Marcello Mastroianni, Italian-French actor and singer (d. 1996)
• 1925 – Seymour Cray, American computer scientist, founded the CRAY Computer Company (d. 1996)
• 1925 – Cromwell Everson, South African composer (d. 1991)
• 1925 – Frank Latimore, American actor (d. 1998)
• 1926 – Jerry Clower, American soldier, comedian, and author (d. 1998)
• 1928 – Koko Taylor, American singer and actress (d. 2009)
• 1929 – Lata Mangeshkar, Indian singer-songwriter
• 1930 – Immanuel Wallerstein, American sociologist, author, and academic
• 1932 – Jeremy Isaacs, Scottish screenwriter and producer
• 1932 – Víctor Jara, Chilean singer-songwriter, poet, and director (d. 1973)
• 1933 – Joe Benton, English politician
• 1933 – Miguel Ortiz Berrocal, Spanish sculptor (d. 2006)
• 1933 – Johnny "Country" Mathis, American singer-songwriter (Jimmy & Johnny) (d. 2011)
• 1934 – Brigitte Bardot, French actress and singer
• 1934 – Janet Munro, English actress and singer (d. 1972)
• 1935 – Bruce Crampton, Australian golfer
• 1935 – David Hannay, Baron Hannay of Chiswick, English diplomat, Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations
• 1935 – Ronald Lacey, English actor (d. 1991)
• 1935 – Heather Sears, English actress (d. 1994)
• 1936 – Emmett Chapman, American guitarist, invented the Chapman Stick
• 1937 – Alice Mahon, English politician
• 1937 – Rod Roddy, American game show announcer (d. 2003)
• 1938 – Ben E. King, American singer-songwriter and producer (The Drifters) (d. 2015)
• 1939 – Elbridge Bryant, American singer and dancer (The Temptations) (d. 1975)
• 1939 – Stuart Kauffman, American biologist and academic
• 1939 – Rudolph Walker, Trinidadian-English actor
• 1941 – Edmund Stoiber, German politician, Minister President of Bavaria
• 1941 – David Lewis, American philosopher
• 1942 – Marshall Bell, American actor
• 1942 – Pierre Clémenti, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1999)
• 1942 – Tim Maia, Brazilian singer-songwriter (d. 1998)
• 1942 – Edward "Little Buster" Forehand, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2006)
• 1943 – Warren Lieberfarb, American businessman
• 1943 – Nick St. Nicholas, German-Canadian bass player (Steppenwolf, The Mynah Birds, The Sparrows, Blue Cheer, and World Classic Rockers)
• 1943 – Win Percy, English race car driver
• 1943 – J. T. Walsh, American actor (d. 1998)
• 1944 – Matthew Cowles, American actor and playwright (d. 2014)
• 1944 – Marcia Muller, American author
• 1945 – Marielle Goitschel, French skier
• 1945 – Manolis Rasoulis, Greek singer-songwriter and journalist (d. 2011)
• 1945 – Fusako Shigenobu, Japanese activist, founded the Japanese Red Army
• 1946 – Tom Bower, English journalist and author
• 1946 – Peter Egan, English actor
• 1946 – Jeffrey Jones, American actor
• 1946 – Helen Shapiro, English singer and actress
• 1947 – Bob Carr, Australian journalist and politician, 37th Minister of Foreign Affairs for Australia
• 1947 – Sheikh Hasina, Bangladeshi politician, 10th Prime Minister of Bangladesh
• 1947 – Jon Snow, English journalist
• 1948 – Panagiotis Adraktas, Greek politician
• 1949 – Jim Henshaw, Canadian actor, screenwriter, and producer
• 1950 – Paul Burgess, English drummer (10cc, Jethro Tull, Camel, Magna Carta, and The Icicle Works)
• 1950 – Laurie Lewis, American singer and fiddler
• 1950 – John Sayles, American actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1951 – Norton Buffalo, American singer-songwriter, harmonica player, producer, and actor (Steve Miller Band) (d. 2009)
• 1952 – Efthimis Kioumourtzoglou, Greek basketball player and coach
• 1952 – Sylvia Kristel, Dutch model, actress, and singer (d. 2012)
• 1952 – Andy Ward, English drummer (Camel)
• 1952 – Seyyal Taner, Turkish singer and actress
• 1953 – Otmar Hasler, Liechtensteiner politician, 11th Prime Minister of Liechtenstein
• 1954 – Steve Largent, American football player and politician
• 1954 – George Lynch, American guitarist and songwriter (Dokken, Lynch Mob, Souls of We, and Tooth and Nail)
• 1954 – Margot Wallström, Swedish politician and diplomat, 42nd Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs
• 1955 – Stéphane Dion, Canadian sociologist and politician, 15th Canadian Minister of the Environment
• 1955 – Kenny Kirkland, American pianist (d. 1998)
• 1957 – C. J. Chenier, American singer-songwriter and accordion player
• 1957 – Andrus Rõuk, Estonian painter and poet
• 1959 – Ron Fellows, Canadian race car driver
• 1959 – Steve Hytner, American actor
• 1959 – Dantes Tsitsi, Nauruan politician
• 1960 – Frank Hammerschlag, German footballer and manager
• 1960 – Kamlesh Patel, Baron Patel of Bradford, English politician
• 1960 – Jennifer Rush, American singer-songwriter
• 1960 – Socrates B. Villegas, Filipino archbishop
• 1961 – Helen Grant, English lawyer and politician, Minister for Sport and the Olympics
• 1961 – Gregory Jbara, American actor and singer
• 1961 – Quentin Kawānanakoa, American politician
• 1962 – Grant Fuhr, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1962 – Dietmar Schacht, German footballer and manager
• 1962 – Chuck Taylor, American journalist
• 1963 – Steve Blackman, American wrestler
• 1963 – Érik Comas, French race car driver
• 1963 – Greg Weisman, American voice actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1964 – Claudio Borghi, Argentinian footballer and manager
• 1964 – Laura Cerón, Mexican-American actress
• 1964 – Gregor Fisken, Scottish race car driver
• 1964 – Janeane Garofalo, American comedian, actress, producer, and screenwriter
• 1964 – Paul Jewell, English footballer and manager
• 1964 – Mārtiņš Roze, Latvian politician (d. 2012)
• 1965 – Jens Melzig, German footballer
• 1965 – Christopher Evan Welch, American actor (d. 2013)
• 1966 – Scott Adams, American football player (d. 2013)
• 1966 – María Canals Barrera, American actress and singer
• 1966 – Ginger Fish, American drummer (Marilyn Manson)
• 1966 – Puri Jagannadh, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1966 – Leilani Sarelle, American actress
• 1967 – Mira Sorvino, American actress and producer
• 1967 – Moon Zappa, American actress and singer
• 1968 – Francois Botha, South African boxer and mixed martial artist
• 1968 – Mika Häkkinen, Finnish race car driver
• 1968 – Trish Keenan, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2011)
• 1968 – Rob Moroso, American race car driver (d. 1990)
• 1968 – Naomi Watts, English-Australian actress and producer
• 1969 – Manuel Benitez, American actor (d. 2008)
• 1969 – Marcel Dost, Dutch decathlete
• 1969 – Ben Greenman, American journalist and author
• 1969 – Éric Lapointe, Canadian singer-songwriter and keyboard player
• 1969 – Sascha Maassen, German race car driver
• 1969 – Masafumi Ōura, Japanese volleyball player and coach (d. 2013)
• 1969 – Nico Vaesen, Belgian footballer
• 1969 – Minayo Watanabe, Japanese idol and singer (Onyanko Club)
• 1970 – Kimiko Date-Krumm, Japanese tennis player
• 1970 – Mike DeJean, American baseball player
• 1970 – Yūji Kishi, Japanese actor and voice actor
• 1970 – Gualter Salles, Brazilian race car driver
• 1971 – Joseph Arthur, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Lonely Astronauts, Fistful of Mercy, and RNDM)
• 1971 – A. J. Croce, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1971 – George Eustice, English politician
• 1971 – Alan Wright, English footballer and manager
• 1972 – John Light, English actor
• 1972 – Dita Von Teese, American dancer, model, and actress
• 1973 – Jori Hulkkonen, Finnish DJ and producer
• 1973 – Brian Rafalski, American ice hockey player
• 1974 – Marco Di Loreto, Italian footballer and manager
• 1974 – Mariya Kiselyova, Russian swimmer
• 1974 – Joonas Kolkka, Finnish footballer and coach
• 1974 – Shane Webcke, Australian rugby league player and coach
• 1975 – Stuart Clark, Australian cricketer and manager
• 1975 – Isamu Jordan, American journalist and academic (d. 2013)
• 1975 – Lenny Krayzelburg, American swimmer
• 1976 – Ali Asel, Kuwaiti footballer
• 1976 – Fedor Emelianenko, Russian mixed martial artist and politician
• 1977 – Ireneusz Marcinkowski, Polish footballer
• 1977 – Se-Ri Pak, South Korean golfer
• 1977 – Young Jeezy, American rapper (Boyz n da Hood, United Streets Dopeboyz of America)
• 1978 – Bushido, German rapper and producer
• 1979 – Bam Margera, American skateboarder, actor, and stuntman
• 1979 – Taki Tsan, American-Greek rapper and producer (Zontanoi Nekroi)
• 1980 – Marlon Parmer, American basketball player
• 1981 – Greg Anderson, American pianist and composer
• 1981 – José Calderón, Spanish basketball player
• 1981 – Melissa Claire Egan, American actress
• 1981 – Gül Gölge, Turkish model and actress
• 1981 – Jorge Guagua, Ecuadorian footballer
• 1981 – Iracema Trevisan, Brazilian bass player (CSS)
• 1982 – Aleksandr Anyukov, Russian footballer
• 1982 – Abhinav Bindra, Indian target shooter
• 1982 – Ray Emery, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1982 – Kazue Fukiishi, Japanese actress
• 1982 – Ranbir Kapoor, Indian actor and director
• 1982 – Nolwenn Leroy, French singer-songwriter
• 1982 – Emeka Okafor, American basketball player
• 1982 – Dustin Penner, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1982 – Aivar Rehemaa, Estonian skier
• 1982 – St. Vincent, American singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist (The Polyphonic Spree)
• 1982 – Anderson Varejão, Brazilian basketball player
• 1983 – Brooke Banner, American porn actress
• 1983 – Stefan Moore, English footballer
• 1983 – John Schwalger, New Zealand rugby player
• 1984 – Luke Pomersbach, Australian cricketer
• 1984 – Naim Terbunja, Kosovan-Swedish boxer
• 1984 – Melody Thornton, American singer-songwriter and dancer (Pussycat Dolls)
• 1984 – Mathieu Valbuena, French footballer
• 1984 – Ryan Zimmerman, American baseball player
• 1985 – Shindong, South Korean singer-songwriter, dancer, and actor (Super Junior)
• 1985 – Alina Ibragimova, Russian-English violinist
• 1986 – Andrés Guardado, Mexican footballer
• 1986 – Meskerem Legesse, Ethiopian runner (d. 2013)
• 1987 – Pierre Becken, German footballer
• 1987 – Gary Deegan, Irish footballer
• 1987 – Hilary Duff, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1987 – Chloë Hanslip, English violinist
• 1987 – Viktoria Leks, Estonian high jumper
• 1988 – Marin Čilić, Croatian tennis player
• 1988 – Esmée Denters, Dutch singer-songwriter
• 1988 – Aleks Vrteski, Australian footballer
• 1989 – Mark Randall, English footballer
• 1989 – Çağla Büyükakçay, Turkish tennis player
• 1990 – Kirsten Prout, Canadian actress
• 1990 – Phoenix Battye, Australian rugby player
• 1992 – Skye McCole Bartusiak, American actress (d. 2014)
• 1992 – Adam Thompson, English-Irish footballer
• 1992 – Koko Tsurumi, Japanese gymnast
• 1993 – Jodie Williams, English sprinter
• 1995 – Jason Williams, English footballer
• 2000 – Frankie Jonas, American actor

Deaths[edit]

• 935 – Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia (b. 907)
• 1197 – Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1165)
• 1213 – Gertrude of Merania (b. 1185)
• 1429 – Cymburgis of Masovia (b. 1394)
• 1582 – George Buchanan, Scottish historian and scholar (b. 1506)
• 1596 – Margaret Stanley, Countess of Derby (b. 1540)
• 1618 – Joshua Sylvester, English poet and translator (b. 1563)
• 1687 – Francis Turretin, Swiss-Italian theologian and academic (b. 1623)
• 1694 – Gabriel Mouton, French mathematician and theologian (b. 1618)
• 1702 – Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, French-English politician, Lord President of the Council (b. 1640)
• 1742 – Jean Baptiste Massillon, French bishop (b. 1663)
• 1829 – Nikolay Raevsky, Russian general and politician (b. 1771)
• 1844 – Pyotr Aleksandrovich Tolstoy, Russian general and politician (b. 1769)
• 1873 – Émile Gaboriau, French journalist and author (b. 1832)
• 1891 – Herman Melville, American author and poet (b. 1819)
• 1895 – Louis Pasteur, French chemist and microbiologist (b. 1822)
• 1914 – Richard Warren Sears, American businessman, co-founded Sears (b. 1863)
• 1915 – Saitō Hajime, Japanese samurai (b. 1844)
• 1918 – Georg Simmel, German sociologist and philosopher (b. 1858)
• 1918 – Freddie Stowers, American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1896)
• 1935 – William Kennedy Dickson, French-Scottish actor, director, and producer, invented the Kinetoscope (b. 1860)
• 1938 – Charles Duryea, American engineer and businessman, founded the Duryea Motor Wagon Company (b. 1861)
• 1943 – Sam Ruben, American chemist and academic (b. 1913)
• 1949 – Archbishop Chrysanthus of Athens (b. 1881)
• 1953 – Edwin Hubble, American astronomer and scholar (b. 1889)
• 1956 – William Boeing, American businessman, founded the Boeing Company (b. 1881)
• 1957 – Luis Cluzeau Mortet, Uruguayan violinist and composer (b. 1888)
• 1959 – Rudolf Caracciola, German race car driver (b. 1901)
• 1962 – Roger Nimier, French soldier and author (b. 1925)
• 1964 – Harpo Marx, American comedian, actor, and singer (b. 1888)
• 1966 – André Breton, French author and poet (b. 1896)
• 1970 – John Dos Passos, American author and painter (b. 1896)
• 1970 – Gamal Abdel Nasser, Egyptian colonel and politician, 2nd President of Egypt (b. 1918)
• 1972 – Rory Storm, English singer-songwriter (b. 1938)
• 1978 – Pope John Paul I (b. 1912)
• 1979 – John Herbert Chapman, Canadian physicist and engineer (b. 1921)
• 1979 – Cevat Yurdakul, prosecutor and the chief of police of Adana Province, Turkey (b. 1942)
• 1981 – Rómulo Betancourt, Venezuelan journalist and politician, President of Venezuela (b. 1908)
• 1982 – Mabel Albertson, American actress (b. 1901)
• 1984 – Cihad Baban, Turkish journalist and author and a parliamentary (b. 1911)
• 1989 – Ferdinand Marcos, Filipino lawyer and politician, 10th President of the Philippines (b. 1917)
• 1990 – Larry O'Brien, American businessman and politician, 57th United States Postmaster General (b. 1917)
• 1991 – Miles Davis, American trumpet player, composer, and bandleader (Miles Davis Quintet) (b. 1926)
• 1993 – Peter De Vries, American journalist and author (b. 1910)
• 1993 – Alexander A. Drabik, American sergeant (b. 1910)
• 1994 – Urmas Alender, Estonian singer (Propeller and Ruja) (b. 1953)
• 1994 – José Francisco Ruiz Massieu, Mexican lawyer and politician, 6th Governor of Guerrero (b. 1946)
• 1994 – Harry Saltzman, Canadian production manager and producer (b. 1915)
• 1999 – Escott Reid, Canadian diplomat, academic, and author (b. 1905)
• 2000 – Pierre Trudeau, Canadian journalist, lawyer, and politician, 15th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1919)
• 2001 – Irene von Meyendorff, German-English actress (b. 1916)
• 2002 – Patsy Mink, American lawyer and politician (b. 1927)
• 2002 – Hartland Molson, Canadian captain and politician (b. 1907)
• 2003 – Althea Gibson, American tennis player and golfer (b. 1927)
• 2003 – Elia Kazan, Turkish-American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1909)
• 2003 – George Odlum, Saint Lucian politician and diplomat (b. 1934)
• 2004 – Geoffrey Beene, American fashion designer (b. 1924)
• 2004 – Scott Muni, American radio host (b. 1930)
• 2005 – Constance Baker Motley, American lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1921)
• 2007 – René Desmaison, French mountaineer (b. 1930)
• 2007 – Wally Parks, American businessman, founded the National Hot Rod Association (b. 1913)
• 2009 – Guillermo Endara, Panamanian lawyer and politician, 32nd President of Panama (b. 1936)
• 2009 – Ulf Larsson, Swedish actor and director (b. 1956)
• 2010 – Kurt Albert, German mountaineer and photographer (b. 1954)
• 2010 – Arthur Penn, American director and producer (b. 1922)
• 2010 – Dolores Wilson, American soprano and actress (b. 1928)
• 2012 – Avraham Adan, Israeli general (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Larry Cunningham, Irish singer (b. 1938)
• 2012 – Chris Economaki, American journalist and sportscaster (b. 1920)
• 2012 – Brajesh Mishra, Indian politician and diplomat, 1st Indian National Security Advisor (b. 1928)
• 2012 – Michael O'Hare, American actor (b. 1952)
• 2012 – Ahmed Ramzy, Egyptian actor (b. 1930)
• 2013 – James Emanuel, American-French poet and scholar (b. 1921)
• 2013 – Jonathan Fellows-Smith, South African cricketer and rugby player (b. 1932)
• 2013 – Anatoli Parov, Russian footballer (b. 1956)
• 2013 – Walter Schmidinger, Austrian actor (b. 1933)
• 2013 – B. B. Watson, American singer (b. 1953)
• 2013 – George Amon Webster, American singer and pianist (Cathedral Quartet) (b. 1945)
• 2013 – Turgut Özakman, Turkish lawyer, a civil servant, a dramaturge and a writer (b. 1930)
• 2014 – Dannie Abse, Welsh physician, poet, and author (b. 1923)
• 2014 – Joseph H. Alexander, American colonel and historian (b. 1938)
• 2014 – Sheila Faith, English dentist and politician (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Tim Rawlings, English footballer and manager (b. 1932)
• 2014 – Petr Skoumal, Czech pianist and composer (b. 1938)

[edit]

• 522 BC – Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta, securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
• 61 BC – Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday.
• 1227 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, is excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX for his failure to participate in the Crusades.
• 1364 – Battle of Auray: English forces defeat the French in Brittany; end of the Breton War of Succession.
• 1567 – At a dinner, the Duke of Alba arrests the Count of Egmont and the Count of Hoorn for treason.
• 1578 – Tegucigalpa, capital city of Honduras, is claimed by the Spaniards.
• 1650 – Henry Robinson opens his Office of Addresses and Encounters in Threadneedle Street, London.
• 1717 – An earthquake strikes Antigua Guatemala, destroying much of the city's architecture and making authorities consider moving the capital to a different city.
• 1789 – The United States Department of War first establishes a regular army with a strength of several hundred men.
• 1789 – The 1st United States Congress adjourns.
• 1829 – The Metropolitan Police of London, later also known as the Met, is founded.
• 1848 – Battle of Pákozd: Stalemate between Hungarian and Croatian forces at Pákozd; the first battle of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.
• 1850 – The Roman Catholic hierarchy is re-established in England and Wales by Pope Pius IX.
• 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Chaffin's Farm is fought.
• 1885 – The first practical public electric tramway in the world is opened in Blackpool, England.
• 1907 – The cornerstone is laid at Washington National Cathedral in the U.S. capital.
• 1911 – Italy declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
• 1918 – World War I, Battle of St. Quentin Canal: The Hindenburg Line is broken by Allied forces. Bulgaria signs an armistice.
• 1923 – The British Mandate for Palestine takes effect, creating Mandatory Palestine.
• 1932 – Chaco War: Last day of the Battle of Boquerón between Paraguay and Bolivia.
• 1938 – Munich Agreement: Germany is given permission from France, Italy, and Great Britain to seize the territory of Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia. The meeting takes place in Munich, and leaders from neither the Soviet Union nor Czechoslovakia attend.
• 1940 – Two Avro Ansons of No. 2 Service Flying Training School RAAF collide in mid-air over Brocklesby, New South Wales, Australia, remain locked together after colliding, and then land safely.
• 1941 – World War II: Holocaust in Kiev, Soviet Union: German Einsatzgruppe C begins the Babi Yar massacre, according to the Einsatzgruppen operational situation report.
• 1949 – The Communist Party of China writes the Common Programme for the future People's Republic of China.
• 1951 – The first live sporting event seen coast-to-coast in the United States, a college football game between Duke and the University of Pittsburgh, is televised on NBC.
• 1954 – The convention establishing CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) is signed.
• 1957 – Twenty MCi (740 petabecquerels) of radioactive material is released in an explosion at the Soviet Mayak nuclear plant at Chelyabinsk.
• 1960 – Nikita Khrushchev, leader of Soviet Union, disrupts a meeting of the United Nations General Assembly with a number of angry outbursts.
• 1962 – Alouette 1, the first Canadian satellite, is launched.
• 1963 – The second period of the Second Vatican Council opens.
• 1964 – The Argentine comic strip Mafalda is published for the first time.
• 1966 – The Chevrolet Camaro, originally named Panther, is introduced.
• 1971 – Oman joins the Arab League.
• 1972 – China–Japan relations: Japan establishes diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China after breaking official ties with the Republic of China.
• 1975 – WGPR in Detroit, Michigan, becomes the world's first black-owned-and-operated television station.
• 1979 – Pope John Paul II becomes the first pope to visit Ireland.
• 1982 – The Chicago Tylenol murders begin when the first of seven individuals dies in metropolitan Chicago.
• 1988 – Space Shuttle: NASA launches STS-26, the return to flight mission, after the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.
• 1990 – Construction of the Washington National Cathedral is completed.
• 1990 – The YF-22, which would later become the F-22 Raptor, flies for the first time.
• 1991 – Military coup in Haiti (1991 Haitian coup d'état).
• 1992 – Brazilian President Fernando Collor de Mello is impeached.
• 1995 – The United States Navy disbands Fighter Squadron 84 (VF-84), nicknamed the "Jolly Rogers".
• 2004 – The asteroid 4179 Toutatis passes within four lunar distances of Earth.
• 2004 – The Burt Rutan Ansari X Prize entry SpaceShipOne performs a successful spaceflight, the first of two required to win the prize.
• 2006 – Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907 collides in mid-air with an Embraer Legacy 600 business jet near Peixoto de Azevedo, Mato Grosso, Brazil, killing 154 total people, and triggering a Brazilian aviation crisis.
• 2007 – Calder Hall, the world's first commercial nuclear power station, is demolished in a controlled explosion.
• 2008 – Following the bankruptcies of Lehman Brothers and Washington Mutual, The Dow Jones Industrial Average falls 777.68 points, the largest single-day point loss in its history.
• 2009 – An 8.0 magnitude earthquake near the Samoan Islands causes a tsunami.
• 2013 – Over 42 people are killed by members of Boko Haram at the College of Agriculture in Gujba, Nigeria.

Births[edit]

• 106 BC – Pompey, Roman general and politician (d. 48 BC)
• 1240 – Margaret of England (d. 1275)
• 1321 – John of Artois, Count of Eu (d. 1387)
• 1328 – Joan of Kent (d. 1385)
• 1373 – Margaret of Bohemia, Burgravine of Nuremberg (d. 1410)
• 1511 – Michael Servetus, Spanish physician, cartographer, and theologian (d. 1553)
• 1538 – Joan Terès i Borrull, Spanish archbishop (d. 1603)
• 1547 – Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish author, poet, and playwright (d. 1616)
• 1548 – William V, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1626)
• 1561 – Adriaan van Roomen, Flemish priest and mathematician (d. 1615)
• 1571 – Caravaggio, Italian painter (d. 1610)
• 1636 – Thomas Tenison, English archbishop (d. 1715)
• 1639 – William Russell, Lord Russell, English politician (d. 1683)
• 1640 – Antoine Coysevox, French sculptor (d. 1720)
• 1674 – Jacques-Martin Hotteterre, French flute player and composer (d. 1763)
• 1678 – Adrien Maurice de Noailles, French soldier and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs for France (d. 1766)
• 1691 – Richard Challoner, English bishop (d. 1781)
• 1703 – François Boucher, French painter (d. 1770)
• 1718 – Nikita Ivanovich Panin, Russian politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Russia (d. 1783)
• 1725 – Robert Clive, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire (d. 1774)
• 1758 – Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, English admiral (d. 1805)
• 1766 – Charlotte, Princess Royal of England (d. 1828)
• 1786 – Guadalupe Victoria, Mexican general, lawyer, and politician, 1st President of Mexico (d. 1843)
• 1803 – Mercator Cooper, American captain and explorer (d. 1872)
• 1803 – Jacques Charles François Sturm, French mathematician and theorist (d. 1850)
• 1808 – Henry Bennett, American lawyer and politician (d. 1868)
• 1809 – William Ewart Gladstone, English politician (d. 1898)
• 1810 – Elizabeth Gaskell, English author (d. 1865)
• 1816 – Paul Féval, père, French author and playwright (d. 1887)
• 1842 – Louis J. Weichmann, American clerk, witness in the trial of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln (d. 1902)
• 1843 – Mikhail Skobelev, Russian general (d. 1882)
• 1844 – Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman, Argentinian lawyer and politician, 10th President of Argentina (d. 1909)
• 1853 – Princess Thyra of Denmark (d. 1933)
• 1863 – Hugo Haase, German lawyer, jurist, and politician (d. 1919)
• 1864 – Alexandra Kitchin, English model (d. 1925)
• 1864 – Miguel de Unamuno, Spanish philosopher and author (d. 1936)
• 1866 – Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Ukrainian historian, academic, and politician (d. 1934)
• 1876 – Charlie Llewellyn, South African cricketer (d. 1964)
• 1879 – Marius Jacob, French criminal (d. 1954)
• 1880 – Liberato Pinto, Portuguese politician, Lieutenant Colonel of the Republican National Guard, 79th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1949)
• 1881 – Ludwig von Mises, Austrian-American economist, sociologist and philosopher (d. 1973)
• 1891 – Ian Fairweather, British-Australian painter and artist (d. 1974)
• 1895 – Clarence Ashley, American banjo player and singer (d. 1967)
• 1895 – Joseph Banks Rhine, American botanist and parapsychologist (d. 1980)
• 1895 – Roscoe Turner, American pilot (d. 1970)
• 1897 – Herbert Agar, American journalist and historian (d. 1980)
• 1898 – Trofim Lysenko, Ukrainian-Russian biologist and agronomist (d. 1976)
• 1899 – László Bíró, Hungarian-Argentinian inventor, invented the ballpoint pen (d. 1985)
• 1899 – Billy Butlin, South African-English businessman, founded Butlins (d. 1980)
• 1901 – Lanza del Vasto, Italian poet, philosopher, and activist (d. 1981)
• 1901 – Enrico Fermi, Italian-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1954)
• 1902 – Miguel Alemán Valdés, Mexican lawyer and politician, 46th President of Mexico (d. 1983)
• 1903 – Diana Vreeland, French-American columnist and editor (d. 1989)
• 1904 – Greer Garson, English-American actress and singer (d. 1996)
• 1907 – Gene Autry, American singer and actor (d. 1998)
• 1907 – George W. Jenkins, American businessman, founded Publix (d. 1996)
• 1908 – Eddie Tolan, American sprinter (d. 1967)
• 1910 – Bill Boyd, American singer and guitarist (d. 1977)
• 1910 – Virginia Bruce, American actress and singer (d. 1982)
• 1912 – Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian director and screenwriter (d. 2007)
• 1913 – Trevor Howard, English actor (d. 1988)
• 1913 – Stanley Kramer, American director and producer (d. 2001)
• 1915 – Vincent DeDomenico, American businessman, founded the Napa Valley Wine Train (d. 2007)
• 1915 – Oscar Handlin, American historian and academic (d. 2011)
• 1915 – Brenda Marshall, Filipino-American actress and singer (d. 1992)
• 1916 – Carl Giles, English cartoonist (d. 1995)
• 1919 – Vladimír Vašíček, Czech painter (d. 2003)
• 1919 – Kira Zvorykina, Belarusian chess player (d. 2014)
• 1920 – Peter D. Mitchell, English biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1992)
• 1920 – Václav Neumann, Czech violinist and conductor (Smetana Quartet) (d. 1995)
• 1921 – Franny Beecher, American guitarist (Bill Haley & His Comets) (d. 2014)
• 1921 – John Ritchie, New Zealand composer and educator (d. 2014)
• 1921 – Albie Roles, English footballer and manager (d. 2012)
• 1922 – Lizabeth Scott, American actress and singer (d. 2015)
• 1923 – Stan Berenstain, American author and illustrator (d. 2005)
• 1923 – Bum Phillips, American football player and coach (d. 2013)
• 1925 – Steve Forrest, American actor (d. 2013)
• 1925 – Paul MacCready, American engineer, founded AeroVironment (d. 2007)
• 1926 – Pete Elliott, American football player and coach (d. 2013)
• 1927 – Adhemar da Silva, Brazilian triple jumper (d. 2001)
• 1927 – Sherwood Johnston, American racing driver (d. 2000)
• 1927 – Pete McCloskey, American colonel and politician
• 1927 – Barbara Mertz, American historian and author (d. 2013)
• 1928 – Eric Lubbock, 4th Baron Avebury, English politician
• 1928 – Brajesh Mishra, Indian politician and diplomat, 1st Indian National Security Advisor (d. 2012)
• 1928 – Nathan Shamuyarira, Zimbabwean journalist and politician, Zimbabwean Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2014)
• 1930 – Richard Bonynge, Australian pianist and conductor
• 1930 – Colin Dexter, English author and educator
• 1931 – James Cronin, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1931 – Anita Ekberg, Swedish-Italian model and actress (d. 2015)
• 1931 – Paul Oestreicher, German-English priest and theologian
• 1932 – Mehmood Ali, Indian actor, director, and producer (d. 2004)
• 1932 – Robert Benton, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1932 – Paul Giel, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2002)
• 1933 – Samora Machel, Mozambican commander and politician, 1st President of Mozambique (d. 1986)
• 1934 – Skandor Akbar, American wrestler and manager (d. 2010)
• 1934 – Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Hungarian-American psychologist and educator
• 1934 – Lance Gibbs, Guyanese cricketer and manager
• 1934 – Stuart M. Kaminsky, American author and screenwriter (d. 2009)
• 1934 – Lindsay Kline, Australian cricketer
• 1935 – Mylène Demongeot, French actress
• 1935 – Jerry Lee Lewis, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1936 – Silvio Berlusconi, Italian businessman and politician, 50th Prime Minister of Italy
• 1936 – James Fogle, American author (d. 2012)
• 1936 – Alla Demidova, Russian actress
• 1936 – Hal Trosky, Jr., American baseball player (d. 2012)
• 1938 – Dave Harper, English footballer (d. 2013)
• 1938 – Wim Kok, Dutch union leader and politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands
• 1939 – Fikret Abdić, Bosnian economist and politician
• 1939 – Jim Baxter, Scottish footballer (d. 2001)
• 1939 – Tommy Boyce, American songwriter (d. 1994)
• 1939 – Dan Crary, American singer and guitarist
• 1939 – Molly Haskell, American author and critic
• 1939 – Larry Linville, American actor (d. 2000)
• 1939 – Rhodri Morgan, Welsh politician, 2nd First Minister of Wales
• 1940 – Nicola Di Bari, Italian singer-songwriter and actor
• 1940 – Brute Force, American singer-songwriter
• 1940 – Carlos Morales Troncoso, Dominican politician, 34th Vice President of the Dominican Republic (d. 2014)
• 1941 – Fred West, English serial killer (d. 1995)
• 1942 – Felice Gimondi, Italian cyclist
• 1942 – Madeline Kahn, American actress and singer (d. 1999)
• 1942 – Ian McShane, English actor, director, and producer
• 1942 – Bill Nelson, American captain and politician
• 1942 – Jean-Luc Ponty, French violinist and composer (Mahavishnu Orchestra and Return to Forever)
• 1942 – Janet Powell, Australian educator and politician (d. 2013)
• 1942 – Steve Tesich, Serbian-American screenwriter and playwright (d. 1996)
• 1943 – Mohammad Khatami, Iranian scholar and politician, 5th President of Iran
• 1943 – Gary Boyd Roberts, American genealogist and author
• 1943 – Wolfgang Overath, German footballer
• 1943 – Lech Wałęsa, Polish electrician and politician, 2nd President of Poland, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1944 – Mike Post, American composer and producer
• 1945 – Kyriakos Sfetsas, Greek composer and poet
• 1946 – Patricia Hodge, English actress
• 1946 – Ian Wallace, English drummer (King Crimson and Crimson Jazz Trio) (d. 2007)
• 1947 – Martin Ferrero, American actor
• 1947 – Ülo Kaevats, Estonian philosopher, academic, and politician (d. 2015)
• 1947 – Gary Wetzel, American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient
• 1948 – Yelena Drapeko, Kazakhstani-Russian actress
• 1948 – Mark Farner, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Grand Funk Railroad and Terry Knight and the Pack)
• 1948 – Bryant Gumbel, American journalist and sportscaster
• 1948 – Theo Jörgensmann, German clarinet player and composer (German Clarinet Duo, Clarinet Contrast, and Klarinettenquartett Cl-4)
• 1948 – Mike Pinera, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Blues Image, Iron Butterfly, Cactus, and Ramatam)
• 1949 – George Dalaras, Greek singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1950 – Ken Macha, American baseball player and manager
• 1951 – Michelle Bachelet, Chilean physician and politician, 34th President of Chile
• 1951 – Pier Luigi Bersani, Italian politician, 6th President of Emilia-Romagna
• 1951 – Andrés Caicedo, Colombian author, poet, and playwright (d. 1977)
• 1951 – Maureen Caird, Australian-New Zealand hurdler
• 1951 – Mike Enriquez, Filipino journalist
• 1952 – Roy Campbell, Jr., American trumpet player (d. 2014)
• 1952 – Gábor Csupó, Hungarian-American animator, director, and producer, co-founded Klasky Csupo
• 1952 – Richard Hodges, English archaeologist and academic
• 1952 – Max Sandlin, American lawyer, judge, and politician
• 1952 – Takanosato Toshihide, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 59th Yokozuna (d. 2011)
• 1953 – Warren Cromartie, American baseball player, coach, and radio host
• 1953 – Richard Grusin, American author and scholar
• 1953 – Drake Hogestyn, American actor
• 1953 – Jean-Claude Lauzon, Canadian director and screenwriter (d. 1997)
• 1953 – Lawrence Reed, American economist and author
• 1954 – Uwe Jahn, German footballer and manager
• 1954 – Mark Mitchell, Australian actor
• 1954 – Mari Wilson, English singer
• 1955 – Ann Bancroft, American explorer and author
• 1955 – Gareth Davies, Welsh rugby player and academic
• 1955 – Benoît Ferreux, French actor and director
• 1955 – Ken Weatherwax, American actor (d. 2014)
• 1956 – Sebastian Coe, English sprinter and politician
• 1956 – Suzzy Roche, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress (The Roches)
• 1957 – Chris Broad, English cricketer and referee
• 1957 – Andrew Dice Clay, American comedian and actor
• 1957 – Sokratis Malamas, Greek singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1957 – Mark Nicholas, English cricketer and sportscaster
• 1960 – Julian Armour, American-Canadian cellist
• 1960 – Kenneth Hansen, Swedish race car driver
• 1960 – Alan McGee, Scottish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Biff Bang Pow!)
• 1960 – John Paxson, American basketball player and coach
• 1960 – David Sammartino, American wrestler
• 1960 – Andy Slaughter, English politician
• 1960 – Carol Welsman, Canadian singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1961 – Julia Gillard, Welsh-Australian politician, 27th Prime Minister of Australia
• 1961 – Stephanie Miller, American comedian and radio host
• 1962 – Roger Bart, American actor and singer
• 1963 – Dave Andreychuk, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1963 – Les Claypool, American bass player, songwriter, and producer (Primus, Blind Illusion, Oysterhead, and Sausage)
• 1964 – Jeanna Fine, American porn actress and dancer
• 1964 – Brad Lohaus, American basketball player
• 1966 – Hersey Hawkins, American basketball player and coach
• 1966 – Jill Whelan, American actress and radio host
• 1967 – Brett Anderson, English singer-songwriter (Suede and The Tears)
• 1968 – Patrick Burns, American paranormal investigator
• 1968 – Luke Goss, English singer, producer, and actor (Bros)
• 1968 – Matt Goss, English singer-songwriter (Bros)
• 1968 – Alex Skolnick, American guitarist (Alex Skolnick Trio, Testament, Savatage, and Stratospheerius)
• 1968 – Samir Soni, English-Indian model and actor
• 1969 – Sabrina, Zimbabwean-Greek singer
• 1969 – Jon Auer, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Posies, Big Star, Sky Cries Mary and The Squirrels)
• 1969 – Angelo Barretto, Filipino race car driver
• 1969 – Erika Eleniak, American model and actress
• 1969 – DeVante Swing, American singer-songwriter, and producer (Jodeci)
• 1969 – Aleks Syntek, Mexican singer-songwriter and producer
• 1970 – AMG, American rapper
• 1970 – Emily Lloyd, English actress
• 1970 – Nicolás Pereira, Uruguayan-Venezuelan tennis player
• 1970 – Russell Peters, Canadian comedian, actor, and producer
• 1970 – Yoshihiro Tajiri, Japanese wrestler
• 1970 – Natasha Gregson Wagner, American actress
• 1971 – Tanoka Beard, American basketball player
• 1971 – Mackenzie Crook, English actor and screenwriter
• 1971 – Sibel Tüzün, Turkish singer-songwriter
• 1972 – Oliver Gavin, English race car driver
• 1972 – Togi Makabe, Japanese wrestler
• 1972 – Robert Webb, English comedian, actor, and screenwriter
• 1973 – Foivos Delivorias, Greek singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1973 – Joe Hulbig, American ice hockey player
• 1973 – Shannon Larratt, Canadian publisher, founded BMEzine (d. 2013)
• 1973 – Athanasios Michalopoulos, Greek volleyball player
• 1973 – Scout Niblett, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1974 – Brian Ash, American screenwriter and producer
• 1974 – Alexis Cruz, American actor
• 1974 – Matt Hullum, American actor, visual effects supervisor, film producer, and film director, CEO of Rooster Teeth Productions
• 1975 – Albert Celades, Spanish footballer and manager
• 1975 – Ava Vincent, American porn actress and model
• 1976 – Darren Byfield, English-Jamaican footballer
• 1976 – Kelvin Davis, English footballer
• 1976 – Óscar Sevilla, Spanish cyclist
• 1976 – Andriy Shevchenko, Ukrainian footballer and politician
• 1977 – Eric Barton, American football player
• 1977 – Wade Brookbank, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1977 – Debelah Morgan, American singer-songwriter
• 1977 – Jake Westbrook, American baseball player
• 1978 – Mohini Bhardwaj, American gymnast
• 1978 – Gunner McGrath, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Much the Same)
• 1978 – Kurt Nilsen, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1978 – Luca Gianquitto, Italian guitarist
• 1979 – Takumi Beppu, Japanese cyclist
• 1979 – Artika Sari Devi, Indonesian model and actress
• 1979 – Shelley Duncan, American baseball player
• 1979 – Jaime Lozano, Mexican footballer
• 1980 – Patrick Agyemang, English footballer
• 1980 – Dallas Green, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (Alexisonfire, City and Colour, and You+Me)
• 1980 – Zachary Levi, American actor and director
• 1980 – Dewi Rezer, Indonesian model and actress
• 1981 – Aris Galanopoulos, Greek footballer
• 1981 – Leonid Gulov, Estonian rower
• 1981 – Siarhei Rutenka, Belarusian-Spanish handball player
• 1981 – Shane Smeltz, German-New Zealand footballer
• 1982 – Matt Giteau, Australian rugby player
• 1982 – Ariana Jollee, American porn actress and director
• 1982 – Lauren Pope, English DJ, producer, and actress
• 1982 – Amy Williams, English skeleton racer
• 1983 – Lisette Oropesa, American soprano
• 1984 – Lisa Gormley, English-Australian actress
• 1984 – Per Mertesacker, German footballer
• 1984 – Isha Sharvani, Indian actress and dancer
• 1985 – Calvin Johnson, American football player
• 1985 – Niklas Moisander, Finnish footballer
• 1985 – Dani Pedrosa, Spanish motorcycle racer
• 1985 – Anjana Sowmya, Tollywood playback singer.
• 1986 – Lisa Foiles, American actress and journalist
• 1986 – Mark Fraser, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1986 – Matt Lashoff, American ice hockey player
• 1986 – Isaac Makwala, Botswana sprinter
• 1986 – Benoît Pouliot, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1987 – David Del Rio, American actor
• 1988 – Kevin Durant, American basketball player
• 1988 – Justin Nozuka, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1989 – Theo Adams, English photographer and director
• 1989 – Adore Delano, American drag queen performer and singer
• 1989 – Aaron Martin, English footballer
• 1989 – Andrea Poli, Italian footballer
• 1990 – Doug Brochu, American actor
• 1990 – Joosep Laiksoo, Estonian race car driver
• 1990 – Lena Wermelt, German footballer
• 1991 – Adem Ljajić, Serbian footballer
• 1991 – Shuko, Japanese actress and lyricist
• 1993 – Viktor Romanenkov, Estonian figure skater
• 1994 – Britteny Cox, Australian mogul skier
• 1994 – Halsey, American singer
• 1995 – Alice Matteucci, Italian tennis player
• 1998 – Vera Lapko, Belarusian tennis player
• 1999 – Juan Urdangarín y de Borbón, Spanish son of Infanta Cristina, Duchess of Palma de Mallorca

Deaths[edit]

• 722 – Leudwinus, Frankish archbishop and saint (b. 660)
• 855 – Lothair I, Roman emperor (b. 795)
• 1304 – John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey, English general (b. 1231)
• 1364 – Charles I, Duke of Brittany (b. 1319)
• 1560 – Gustav I of Sweden (b. 1496)
• 1637 – Lorenzo Ruiz, Filipino martyr and saint (b. 1600)
• 1642 – René Goupil, French missionary and saint (b. 1608)
• 1642 – William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire (b. 1561)
• 1703 – Charles de Saint-Évremond, French-English soldier, author, and critic (b. 1610)
• 1800 – Michael Denis, Austrian poet and author (b. 1729)
• 1804 – Michael Hillegas, American politician, 1st Treasurer of the United States (b. 1728)
• 1833 – Ferdinand VII of Spain (b. 1784)
• 1862 – William "Bull" Nelson, American general (b. 1824)
• 1887 – Bernhard von Langenbeck, German surgeon and academic (b. 1810)
• 1889 – Louis Faidherbe, French general and politician (b. 1818)
• 1900 – Samuel Fenton Cary, American lawyer and politician (b. 1814)
• 1902 – William McGonagall, Scottish poet and actor (b. 1825)
• 1902 – Émile Zola, French journalist, author, and playwright (b. 1840)
• 1908 – Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, Brazilian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1839)
• 1910 – Winslow Homer, American painter (b. 1836)
• 1913 – Rudolf Diesel, German engineer, invented the Diesel Engine (b. 1858)
• 1925 – Léon Bourgeois, French police officer and politician, 64th Prime Minister of France, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1851)
• 1927 – Arthur Achleitner, German journalist and author (b. 1858)
• 1927 – Willem Einthoven, Indonesian-Dutch physiologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1860)
• 1928 – John Devoy, Irish rebel leader (b. 1842)
• 1930 – Ilya Repin, Ukrainian-Russian painter and illustrator (b. 1844)
• 1937 – Ray Ewry, American triple jumper (b. 1873)
• 1937 – Ernst Hoppenberg, German swimmer and water polo player (b. 1878)
• 1951 – Thomas Cahill, American soccer player and coach (b. 1864)
• 1952 – John Cobb, English race car driver (b. 1899)
• 1967 – Carson McCullers, American author, poet, and playwright (b. 1917)
• 1970 – Edward Everett Horton, American actor and singer (b. 1886)
• 1973 – W. H. Auden, English-American poet, playwright, and critic (b. 1907)
• 1975 – Casey Stengel, American baseball player and manager (b. 1890)
• 1976 – Sheik Ali, Lebanese-Australian wrestler (b. 1927)
• 1981 – Bill Shankly, Scottish footballer and manager (b. 1913)
• 1982 – Monty Stratton, American baseball player and coach (b. 1912)
• 1987 – Henry Ford II, American businessman (b. 1917)
• 1988 – Charles Addams, American cartoonist, created The Addams Family (b. 1912)
• 1989 – Gussie Busch, American businessman (b. 1899)
• 1989 – Georges Ulmer, Danish-French singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1919)
• 1993 – Gordon Douglas, American actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1907)
• 1994 – Cheb Hasni, Algerian singer (b. 1968)
• 1996 – Leslie Crowther, English comedian, actor, and game show host (b. 1933)
• 1997 – Roy Lichtenstein, American painter and sculptor (b. 1923)
• 1998 – Tom Bradley, American lieutenant and politician, 38th Mayor of Los Angeles (b. 1917)
• 1999 – Jean-Louis Millette, Canadian actor (b. 1935)
• 2000 – John Grant, English politician (b. 1932)
• 2001 – Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, Vietnamese general and politician, 5th President of South Vietnam (b. 1923)
• 2002 – Edmund Trebus, Polish-English compulsive hoarder (b. 1918)
• 2004 – Richard Sainct, French motorcycle racer (b. 1970)
• 2005 – Patrick Caulfield, English painter (b. 1936)
• 2005 – Austin Leslie, American chef and author (b. 1934)
• 2006 – Walter Hadlee, New Zealand cricketer and manager (b. 1915)
• 2006 – Michael A. Monsoor, American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1981)
• 2006 – Louis-Albert Vachon, Canadian cardinal (b. 1912)
• 2006 – Jan Werner Danielsen, Norwegian singer (b. 1976)
• 2007 – Lois Maxwell, Canadian-Australian actress (b. 1927)
• 2008 – Hayden Carruth, American poet and critic (b. 1921)
• 2009 – Pavel Popovich, Ukrainian general, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1930)
• 2009 – Sperantza Vrana, Greek actress (b. 1928)
• 2010 – Tony Curtis, American actor, singer, and producer (b. 1925)
• 2010 – Greg Giraldo, American comedian, actor, and screenwriter (b. 1965)
• 2012 – Hathloul bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi Arabian prince (b. 1942)
• 2012 – Hebe Camargo, Brazilian singer and actress (b. 1929)
• 2012 – Nao Saejima, Japanese model and actress (b. 1968)
• 2012 – Neil Smith, Scottish geographer and academic (b. 1954)
• 2012 – Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, American publisher (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Malcolm Wicks, English politician (b. 1947)
• 2013 – Harold Agnew, American physicist and engineer (b. 1921)
• 2013 – Anton Benning, German lieutenant (b. 1918)
• 2013 – Patricia Castell, Argentinian actress (b. 1926)
• 2013 – Pete T. Cenarrusa, American politician, Secretary of State of Idaho (b. 1917)
• 2013 – Carl Joachim Classen, German scholar and academic (b. 1928)
• 2013 – S. N. Goenka, Burmese-Indian educator (b. 1924)
• 2013 – L. C. Greenwood, American football player (b. 1946)
• 2013 – Bob Kurland, American basketball player and politician (b. 1924)
• 2014 – Miguel Boyer, Spanish economist and politician (b. 1939)
• 2014 – Andreas Fransson, Swedish extreme skier (b. 1983)
• 2014 – Stan Monteith, American surgeon and author (b. 1929)
• 2014 – Luis Nishizawa, Mexican painter and educator (b. 1918)
• 2014 – John Ritchie, New Zealand composer and educator (b. 1921)
• 2014 – George Shuba, American baseball player (b. 1924)