• 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (Caesar) by his father Heraclius at Constantinople.
• 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by king Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vikings at Basing.
• 1506 – The first contingent of 150 Swiss Guards arrives at the Vatican.
• 1517 – The Ottoman Empire under Selim I defeats the Mamluk Sultanate and captures present-day Egypt at the Battle of Ridaniya.
• 1555 – The Ava Kingdom falls to the Taungoo Dynasty in what is now Burma.
• 1689 – The Convention Parliament convenes to determine whether James II and VII, the last Roman Catholic monarch of England, Ireland and Scotland, had vacated the thrones of England and Ireland when he fled to France in 1688.
• 1808 – The Portuguese royal family arrives in Brazil after fleeing the French army's invasion of Portugal two months earlier.
• 1824 – The Ashantis defeat British forces in the Gold Coast.
• 1849 – Second Anglo-Sikh War: The Siege of Multan ends after nine months when the last Sikh defenders of Multan, Punjab, surrender.
• 1863 – The January Uprising breaks out in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. The aim of the national movement is to regain Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth from occupation by Russia.
• 1879 – The Battle of Isandlwana during the Anglo-Zulu War results in a British defeat.
• 1879 – The Battle of Rorke's Drift, also during the Anglo-Zulu War and just some 71km away from Isandlwana, results in a British victory.
• 1889 – Columbia Phonograph is formed in Washington, D.C.
• 1890 – The United Mine Workers of America is founded in Columbus, Ohio.
• 1901 – Edward VII is proclaimed King after the death of his mother, Queen Victoria.
• 1905 – Bloody Sunday in Saint Petersburg, beginning of the 1905 revolution.
• 1906 – SS Valencia runs aground on rocks on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, killing more than 130.
• 1915 – Over 600 people are killed in Guadalajara, Mexico, when a train plunges off the tracks into a deep canyon.
• 1917 – World War I: President Woodrow Wilson of the still-neutral United States calls for "peace without victory" in Europe.
• 1919 – Act Zluky is signed, unifying the Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukrainian National Republic.
• 1924 – Ramsay MacDonald becomes the first Labour Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• 1927 – Teddy Wakelam gives the first live radio commentary of a football match anywhere in the world, between Arsenal F.C. and Sheffield United at Highbury.
• 1941 – World War II: British and Commonwealth troops capture Tobruk from Italian forces during Operation Compass.
• 1943 – World War II: Australian and American forces defeat Japanese army and navy units in the bitterly-fought Battle of Buna–Gona.
• 1944 – World War II: The Allies commence Operation Shingle, an assault on Anzio and Nettuno, Italy.
• 1946 – In Iran, Qazi Muhammad declares the independent people's Republic of Mahabad at Chahar Cheragh Square in the Kurdish city of Mahabad; he becomes the new president and Haji Baba Sheikh becomes the prime minister.
• 1946 – Creation of the Central Intelligence Group, forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency.
• 1947 – KTLA, the first commercial television station west of the Mississippi River, begins operation in Hollywood.
• 1957 – Israel withdraws from the Sinai Peninsula.
• 1957 – The New York City "Mad Bomber", George P. Metesky, is arrested in Waterbury, Connecticut and charged with planting more than 30 bombs.
• 1963 – The Élysée Treaty of cooperation between France and Germany is signed by Charles de Gaulle and Konrad Adenauer.
• 1968 – Apollo 5 lifts off carrying the first Lunar module into space.
• 1968 – Operation Igloo White, a US electronic surveillance system to stop communist infiltration into South Vietnam begins installation.
• 1970 – The Boeing 747, the world's first "jumbo jet", enters commercial service for launch customer Pan American Airways with its maiden voyage from John F. Kennedy International Airport to London Heathrow Airport.
• 1971 – The Singapore Declaration, one of the two most important documents to the uncodified constitution of the Commonwealth of Nations, is issued.
• 1973 – The Supreme Court of the United States delivers its decisions in Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton, legalizing elective abortion in all fifty states.
• 1973 – The crew of Apollo 17 addresses a joint session of Congress after the completion of the final Apollo moon landing mission.
• 1973 – A chartered Boeing 707 explodes in flames upon landing at Kano Airport, Nigeria, killing 176.
• 1984 – The Apple Macintosh, the first consumer computer to popularize the computer mouse and the graphical user interface, is introduced during a Super Bowl XVIII television commercial.
• 1987 – Philippine security forces open fire on a crowd of 10,000–15,000 demonstrators at Malacañang Palace, Manila, killing 13.
• 1992 – Rebel forces occupy Zaire's national radio station in Kinshasa and broadcast a demand for the government's resignation.
• 1992 – Space Shuttle program: Dr. Roberta Bondar becomes the first Canadian woman and the first neurologist in space.
• 1995 – Israeli–Palestinian conflict: Beit Lid massacre: In central Israel, near Netanya, two Gazans blow themselves up at a military transit point, killing 19 Israelis.
• 1999 – Australian missionary Graham Staines and his two sons are burned alive by radical Hindus while sleeping in their car in Eastern India.
• 2002 – Kmart becomes the largest retailer in United States history to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.
• 2006 – Evo Morales is inaugurated as President of Bolivia, becoming the country's first indigenous president.
• 2007 – At least 88 people are killed when two car bombs explode in the Bab Al-Sharqi market in central Baghdad, Iraq.
• 2015 – An explosion near a civilian trolley-bus in Donetsk kills at least thirteen people.

Births[edit]

• 826 – Emperor Montoku of Japan (d. 858)
• 1263 – Ibn Taymiyyah, Syirian scholar and theologian (d. 1328)
• 1440 – Ivan III of Russia (d. 1505)
• 1522 – Charles II de Valois, Duke of Orléans, (d. 1545)
• 1552 – Walter Raleigh, English poet, soldier, courtier, and explorer (d. 1618)
• 1561 – Francis Bacon, English philosopher and politician, Attorney General for England and Wales (d. 1626)
• 1570 – Sir Robert Cotton, 1st Baronet, of Connington, English historian and politician, founded the Cotton library (d. 1631)
• 1573 – John Donne, English poet and cleric in the Church of England, wrote the Holy Sonnets. (d. 1631)
• 1592 – Pierre Gassendi, French mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher (d. 1655)
• 1645 – William Kidd, Scottish sailor and pirate hunter (d. 1701)
• 1654 – Richard Blackmore, English physician and poet (d. 1729)
• 1690 – Nicolas Lancret, French painter (d. 1743)
• 1729 – Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, German philosopher and author (d. 1781)
• 1733 – Philip Carteret, English admiral and explorer (d. 1796)
• 1740 – Noah Phelps, American soldier, lawyer, and judge (d. 1809)
• 1781 – François Habeneck, French violinist and conductor (d. 1849)
• 1788 – Lord Byron, English poet and playwright (d. 1824)
• 1796 – Karl Ernst Claus, Estonian-Russian chemist, botanist, and academic (d. 1864)
• 1797 – Maria Leopoldina of Austria (d. 1826)
• 1799 – Ludger Duvernay, Canadian journalist, publisher, and politician (d. 1852)
• 1802 – Richard Upjohn, English-American architect (d. 1878)
• 1831 – Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (d. 1917)
• 1840 – Ernest Wilberforce, English bishop (d. 1907)
• 1849 – August Strindberg, Swedish novelist, poet, and playwright (d. 1912)
• 1858 – Beatrice Webb, English sociologist and economist (d. 1943)
• 1865 – Wilbur Scoville, American chemist and pharmacist (d. 1942)
• 1867 – Gisela Januszewska, Jewish-Austrian physician (d. 1943)
• 1869 – José Vicente de Freitas, Portuguese colonel and politician, 97th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1952)
• 1874 – Edward Harkness, American philanthropist (d. 1940)
• 1874 – Jay Hughes, American baseball player and coach (d. 1924)
• 1875 – D. W. Griffith, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1948)
• 1877 – Tom Jones, American baseball player and manager (d. 1923)
• 1879 – Francis Picabia, French painter and poet (d. 1953)
• 1880 – Bill O'Neill, Canadian-American baseball player (d. 1920)
• 1880 – Frigyes Riesz, Hungarian mathematician and academic (d. 1956)
• 1881 – Ira Thomas, American baseball player and manager (d. 1958)
• 1886 – John J. Becker, American pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1961)
• 1887 – Helen Hoyt, American poet and author (d. 1972)
• 1889 – Henri Pélissier, French cyclist (d. 1935)
• 1889 – Amos Strunk, American baseball player and manager (d. 1979)
• 1890 – Fred M. Vinson, American judge and politician, 13th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1953)
• 1891 – Antonio Gramsci, Italian philosopher and politician (d. 1937)
• 1892 – Marcel Dassault, French businessman, founded Dassault Aviation (d. 1986)
• 1893 – Conrad Veidt, German-American actor, director, and producer (d. 1943)
• 1897 – Rosa Ponselle, American operatic soprano (d. 1981)
• 1897 – Dilipkumar Roy, a Bengali Indian musician, musicologist, novelist, poet and essayist. (d. 1980)
• 1898 – Ross Barnett, American lawyer and politician, 52nd Governor of Mississippi (d. 1987)
• 1898 – Sergei Eisenstein, Russian director and screenwriter (d. 1948)
• 1898 – Denise Legeay, French actress (d. 1968)
• 1899 – Martti Haavio, Finnish poet and mythologist (d. 1973)
• 1900 – Ernst Busch, German actor and singer (d. 1980)
• 1902 – Daniel Kinsey, American hurdler, coach, and academic (d. 1970)
• 1903 – Fritz Houtermans, Polish-German physicist and academic (d. 1966)
• 1904 – George Balanchine, Russian-American dancer, choreographer, and director, co-founded the New York City Ballet (d. 1983)
• 1904 – Arkady Gaidar, Russian journalist and author (d. 1941)
• 1905 – Willy Hartner, German physicist, historian, and academic (d. 1981)
• 1906 – Robert E. Howard, American author and poet (d. 1936)
• 1907 – Douglas Corrigan, American pilot and engineer (d. 1995)
• 1907 – Dixie Dean, English footballer (d. 1980)
• 1908 – Lev Landau, Azerbaijani-Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968)
• 1908 – Prince Oana, American baseball player and manager (d. 1976)
• 1909 – Porfirio Rubirosa, Dominican race car driver, polo player, and diplomat (d. 1965)
• 1909 – Ann Sothern, American actress and singer (d. 2001)
• 1909 – U Thant, Burmese educator and diplomat, 3rd United Nations Secretary-General (d. 1974)
• 1911 – Bruno Kreisky, Austrian lawyer and politician, 22nd Chancellor of Austria (d. 1990)
• 1913 – Henry Bauchau, Belgian psychoanalyst and author (d. 2012)
• 1913 – William Conway, Irish cardinal (d. 1977)
• 1913 – Carl F. H. Henry, American theologian and publisher (d. 2003)
• 1914 – Dimitris Dragatakis, Greek violinist and composer (d. 2001)
• 1915 – Heinrich Albertz, German theologian and politician, Mayor of Berlin (d. 1993)
• 1916 – Bill Durnan, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1972)
• 1916 – Henri Dutilleux, French pianist, composer, and educator (d. 2013)
• 1916 – Harilal Upadhyay, Indian author, poet, and astrologist (d. 1994)
• 1918 – Elmer Lach, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2015)
• 1919 – Diomedes Olivo, Dominican baseball player and scout (d. 1977)
• 1920 – Irving Kristol, American journalist, author, and academic, founded The National Interest (d. 2009)
• 1920 – Alf Ramsey, English footballer and coach (d. 1999)
• 1922 – Howard Moss, American poet, playwright and critic (d. 1987)
• 1923 – Diana Douglas, British-American actress (d. 2015)
• 1924 – J. J. Johnson, American trombonist and composer (d. 2001)
• 1924 – Ján Chryzostom Korec, Slovak cardinal (d. 2015)
• 1924 – Charles Lisanby, American production designer and art director (d. 2013)
• 1925 – Johnny Bucha, American baseball player (d. 1996)
• 1925 – Bobby Young, American baseball player (d. 1985)
• 1927 – Lou Creekmur, American football player and sportscaster (d. 2009)
• 1927 – Joe Perry, American footballer (d. 2011)
• 1928 – Yoshihiko Amino, Japanese historian, author, and academic (d. 2004)
• 1929 – Petr Eben, Czech composer, organist and choirmaster (d. 2007)
• 1930 – Mariví Bilbao, Spanish actress (d. 2013)
• 1930 – Éamon de Buitléar, Irish accordion player and director (d. 2013)
• 1931 – Sam Cooke, American singer-songwriter (d. 1964)
• 1931 – Galina Zybina, Russian shot putter and javelin thrower
• 1932 – Berthold Grünfeld, Norwegian psychiatrist and academic (d. 2007)
• 1932 – Piper Laurie, American actress
• 1933 – Yuri Chesnokov, Russian volleyball player and coach (d. 2010)
• 1934 – Vijay Anand, Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2004)
• 1934 – Bill Bixby, American actor and director (d. 1993)
• 1934 – Graham Kerr, English chef and author
• 1935 – Alexander Men, Russian priest and scholar (d. 1990)
• 1936 – Ong Teng Cheong, Singaporean architect and politician, 5th President of Singapore (d. 2002)
• 1936 – Alan J. Heeger, American physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1937 – Edén Pastora, Nicaraguan politician
• 1937 – Joseph Wambaugh, American police officer and author
• 1938 – Peter Beard, Australian photographer and author
• 1938 – Joe Esposito, American author (d. 2016)
• 1938 – Altair Gomes de Figueiredo, Brazilian footballer
• 1939 – Jørgen Garde, Danish admiral (d. 1996)
• 1939 – Alfredo Palacio, Ecuadoran physician and politician, President of Ecuador
• 1939 – Luigi Simoni, Italian footballer and manager
• 1939 – J. C. Tremblay, Canadian ice hockey player and scout (d. 1994)
• 1940 – John Hurt, English actor (d. 2017)
• 1940 – George Seifert, American football player and coach
• 1940 – Gillian Shephard, English educator and politician, Secretary of State for Education
• 1941 – Jaan Kaplinski, Estonian poet, philosopher, and critic
• 1942 – Mimis Domazos, Greek footballer
• 1943 – Michael Spicer, English journalist and politician
• 1944 – Khosrow Golsorkhi, Iranian journalist, poet, and activist (d. 1974)
• 1944 – Uto Ughi, Italian violinist and conductor
• 1945 – Jophery Brown, American baseball player, actor, and stuntman (d. 2014)
• 1945 – Jean-Pierre Nicolas, French race car driver and manager
• 1945 – Christoph Schönborn, Austrian cardinal
• 1945 – Alojz Uran, Slovenian archbishop
• 1946 – Malcolm McLaren, English singer-songwriter and manager (d. 2010)
• 1946 – Serge Savard, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
• 1947 – Vladimir Oravsky, Czech-Swedish author and director
• 1948 – Gilbert Levine, American conductor and academic
• 1949 – Mike Caldwell, American baseball player and coach
• 1949 – J.P. Pennington, American country-rock singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1949 – Steve Perry, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1950 – Paul Bew, Northern Irish historian and academic
• 1951 – Ondrej Nepela, Slovak figure skater and coach (d. 1989)
• 1951 – Leon Roberts, American baseball player and manager
• 1952 – Ramón Avilés, Puerto Rican-American baseball player
• 1953 – Winfried Berkemeier, German footballer and manager
• 1953 – Myung-whun Chung, South Korean pianist and conductor
• 1953 – Jim Jarmusch, American director and screenwriter
• 1955 – Thomas David Jones, American captain, pilot, and astronaut
• 1955 – Timothy R. Ferguson, American politician
• 1956 – Steve Riley, American drummer
• 1957 – Mike Bossy, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
• 1957 – Brian Dayett, American baseball player and manager
• 1957 – Godfrey Thoma, Nauruan politician
• 1957 – Francis Wheen, English journalist and author
• 1958 – Nikos Anastopoulos, Greek footballer and manager
• 1958 – Filiz Koçali, Turkish journalist and politician
• 1959 – Linda Blair, American actress
• 1960 – Michael Hutchence, Australian singer-songwriter (d. 1997)
• 1961 – Quintin Dailey, American basketball player (d. 2010)
• 1962 – Jimmy Herring, American guitarist
• 1962 – Huw Irranca-Davies, Welsh lawyer and politician
• 1962 – Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia
• 1964 – Nigel Benn, English-Australian boxer
• 1964 – Stojko Vranković, Croatian basketball player
• 1965 – Steven Adler, American rock drummer
• 1965 – Diane Lane, American actress
• 1965 – Andrew Roachford, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player
• 1966 – Craig Salvatori, Australian rugby league player and coach
• 1967 – Nick Gillingham, English swimmer
• 1968 – Guy Fieri, American chef, author, and television host
• 1968 – Heath, Japanese singer-songwriter and bass player
• 1968 – Frank Leboeuf, French footballer, sportscaster, and actor
• 1968 – Mauricio Serna, Colombian footballer
• 1969 – Olivia d'Abo, English-American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1969 – Keith Gordon, American baseball player and coach
• 1970 – Jason Lowrie, New Zealand rugby league player and coach
• 1970 – Abraham Olano, Spanish cyclist
• 1971 – Stan Collymore, English footballer and sportscaster
• 1972 – Terry Hill, Australian rugby league player and coach
• 1973 – Rogério Ceni, Brazilian footballer
• 1974 – Cameron McConville, Australian race car driver and sportscaster
• 1974 – Joseph Muscat, Maltese journalist and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Malta
• 1976 – Jimmy Anderson, American baseball player and coach
• 1976 – James Dearth, American football player
• 1977 – Mario Domm, Mexican singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer
• 1977 – Jono Gibbes, New Zealand rugby player and coach
• 1977 – Anna Linkova, Russian tennis player
• 1977 – Hidetoshi Nakata, Japanese footballer
• 1977 – Luciano Andrade Rissutt, Brazilian footballer
• 1977 – Ben Taylor, American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor
• 1978 – Chone Figgins, American baseball player
• 1979 – Aidan Burley, New Zealand-English politician
• 1979 – Carlos Ruiz, Panamanian baseball player
• 1980 – Jake Grove, American football player
• 1980 – Jonathan Woodgate, English footballer
• 1981 – Willa Ford, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
• 1981 – Ben Moody, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor
• 1981 – Ibrahima Sonko, French footballer
• 1981 – Guy Wilks, English race car driver
• 1982 – Fabricio Coloccini, Argentinian footballer
• 1983 – Shaun Cody, American football player
• 1984 – Ben Eager, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1984 – Ubaldo Jiménez, Dominican baseball player
• 1984 – Leon Powe, American basketball player
• 1984 – Maceo Rigters, Dutch footballer
• 1985 – Fotios Papoulis, Greek footballer
• 1986 – Maher Magri, Tunisian footballer
• 1986 – Matt Simon, Australian footballer
• 1987 – Astrid Jacobsen, Norwegian skier
• 1987 – Shane Long, Irish footballer
• 1987 – Ray Rice, American football player
• 1988 – Asher Allen, American football player
• 1988 – Greg Oden, American basketball player
• 1988 – Marcel Schmelzer, German footballer
• 1989 – Theo Robinson, English-Jamaican footballer
• 1990 – Alizé Cornet, French tennis player
• 1990 – Dean Whare, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1990 – Logic, American rapper
• 1991 – Marcus Canty, American singer and dancer
• 1991 – Stefan Kolb, German footballer
• 1991 – Alex MacDowall, English race car driver
• 1993 – Alex Marques, Portuguese footballer (d. 2013)
• 1993 – Rio Haryanto, Indonesian race car driver
• 1996 – Joshua Ho-Sang, Canadian ice hockey player

Deaths[edit]

• 239 – Cao Rui, Chinese emperor (b. 205)
• 628 – Anastasius of Persia, monk
• 906 – He, empress of the Tang Dynasty
• 935 – Ma, empress of Southern Han
• 1051 – Ælfric Puttoc, archbishop of York
• 1170 – Wang Chongyang, Chinese Daoist and co-founder of the Quanzhen School (b. 1113)
• 1188 – Ferdinand II of León (b. 1137)
• 1341 – Louis I, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1279)
• 1517 – Hadım Sinan Pasha, Ottoman politician, 32nd Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. ?)
• 1536 – Bernhard Knipperdolling, German religious leader (b. 1495)
• 1536 – John of Leiden, Anabaptist leader from the Dutch city of Leiden (b. 1509)
• 1552 – Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, English general and politician, Lord High Treasurer of England (b. 1500)
• 1575 – James Hamilton, Duke of Châtellerault (b. 1516)
• 1599 – Cristofano Malvezzi, Italian organist and composer (b. 1547)
• 1666 – Shah Jahan, Mughal emperor (b. 1592)
• 1750 – Franz Xaver Josef von Unertl, Bavarian politician (b. 1675)
• 1763 – John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1690)
• 1767 – Johann Gottlob Lehmann, German meteorologist and geologist (b. 1719)
• 1798 – Lewis Morris, American judge and politician (b. 1726)
• 1779 – Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyor and astronomer (b. 1733)
• 1779 – Claudius Smith, American guerrilla leader (b. 1736)
• 1840 – Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, German physician, physiologist, and anthropologist (b. 1752)
• 1850 – Vincent Pallotti, Italian missionary and saint (b. 1795)
• 1879 – Anthony Durnford, Irish colonel (b. 1830)
• 1879 – Henry Pulleine, English colonel (b. 1838)
• 1892 – Joseph P. Bradley, American lawyer and jurist (b. 1813)
• 1900 – David Edward Hughes, Welsh-American physicist, co-invented the microphone (b. 1831)
• 1901 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom (b. 1819)
• 1901 – Emil Erlenmeyer, German chemist and academic (b. 1825)
• 1921 – George Streeter, American captain and businessman (b. 1837)
• 1922 – Fredrik Bajer, Danish educator and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1837)
• 1922 – Pope Benedict XV (b. 1854)
• 1922 – Camille Jordan, French mathematician and academic (b. 1838)
• 1925 – Fanny Bullock Workman, American geographer and mountain climber (b. 1859)
• 1927 – James Ford Rhodes, American historian and author (b. 1848)
• 1929 – R. C. Lehmann, English journalist, author, and politician (b. 1856)
• 1930 – Stephen Mather, American businessman and conservationist, co-founded the Thorkildsen-Mather Borax Company (b. 1867)
• 1931 – László Batthyány-Strattmann, Hungarian physician and ophthalmologist (b. 1870)
• 1945 – Else Lasker-Schüler, German poet and playwright (b. 1869)
• 1949 – William Thomas Walsh, American author, poet, and playwright (b. 1891)
• 1950 – Alan Hale, Sr., American actor and director (b. 1892)
• 1951 – Lawson Robertson, Scottish-American sprinter and high jumper (b. 1883)
• 1957 – Ralph Barton Perry, American philosopher and academic (b. 1876)
• 1959 – Mike Hawthorn, English race car driver (b. 1929)
• 1964 – Marc Blitzstein American pianist and composer (b. 1905)
• 1966 – Herbert Marshall, English actor (b. 1890)
• 1968 – Duke Kahanamoku, American swimmer and water polo player (b. 1890)
• 1971 – Harry Frank Guggenheim, American businessman and publisher, co-founded Newsday (b. 1890)
• 1973 – Lyndon B. Johnson, American lieutenant and politician, 36th President of the United States (b. 1908)
• 1975 – Andrew George Burry, Swiss-American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1873)
• 1977 – Ibrahim bin Abdullah Al Suwaiyel, Saudi Arabian diplomat (b. 1916)
• 1978 – Oliver Leese, English general (b. 1894)
• 1978 – Herbert Sutcliffe, English cricketer and soldier (b. 1894)
• 1979 – Ali Hassan Salameh, Palestinian rebel leader (b. 1940)
• 1980 – Yitzhak Baer, German-Israeli historian and academic (b. 1888)
• 1981 – Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi, Pakistani historian and academic (b. 1903)
• 1982 – Eduardo Frei Montalva, Chilean lawyer and politician, 28th President of Chile (b. 1911)
• 1985 – Arthur Bryant, English historian and journalist (b. 1899)
• 1987 – R. Budd Dwyer, American educator and politician, 30th Treasurer of Pennsylvania (b. 1939)
• 1989 – S. Vithiananthan, Sri Lankan author and academic (b. 1924)
• 1991 – Robert Choquette, Canadian author, poet and diplomat (b. 1905)
• 1993 – Kōbō Abe, Japanese playwright and photographer (b. 1924)
• 1994 – Jean-Louis Barrault, French actor and director (b. 1910)
• 1994 – Rhett Forrester, American singer-songwriter (b. 1956)
• 1994 – Telly Savalas, American actor (b. 1924)
• 1996 – Israel Eldad, Polish-Israeli philosopher and author (b. 1910)
• 1997 – Billy Mackenzie, Scottish singer-songwriter (b. 1957)
• 1999 – Graham Staines, Australian-Indian missionary and translator (b. 1941)
• 2000 – Craig Claiborne, American journalist, author, and critic (b. 1920)
• 2000 – Anne Hébert, Canadian author and poet (b. 1916)
• 2001 – Tommie Agee, American baseball player (b. 1942)
• 2001 – Roy Brown, American clown and puppeteer (b. 1932)
• 2002 – Peter Bardens, English keyboard player (b. 1945)
• 2002 – Stanley Marcus, American businessman and author (b. 1905)
• 2003 – Bill Mauldin, American soldier and cartoonist (b. 1921)
• 2004 – Billy May, American trumpet player and composer (b. 1916)
• 2004 – Tom Mead, Australian journalist and politician (b. 1918)
• 2004 – Ann Miller, American actress, singer, and dancer (b. 1923)
• 2005 – César Gutiérrez, Venezuelan baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1943)
• 2005 – Carlo Orelli, Italian soldier (b. 1894)
• 2005 – Consuelo Velázquez, Mexican pianist and songwriter (b. 1924)
• 2006 – Aydın Güven Gürkan, Turkish academic and politician, Turkish Minister of Labor and Social Security (b. 1941)
• 2007 – Ngô Quang Trưởng, Vietnamese general (b. 1929)
• 2007 – Abbé Pierre, French priest and activist (b. 1912)
• 2007 – Liz Renay, American actress, author and performer (b. 1926)
• 2008 – Heath Ledger, Australian actor and director (b. 1979)
• 2008 – Miles Lerman, Polish Holocaust survivor and activist (b. 1920)
• 2009 – Billy Werber, American baseball player (b. 1908)
• 2010 – Louis R. Harlan, American historian and author (b. 1922)
• 2010 – Jean Simmons, English-American actress (b. 1929)
• 2012 – Simon Marsden, English photographer and author (b. 1948)
• 2012 – Joe Paterno, American football player and coach (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Clarence Tillenius, Canadian painter and environmentalist (b. 1913)
• 2012 – Dick Tufeld, American actor, announcer, narrator and voice actor (b. 1926)
• 2013 – Robert Bonnaud, French historian and academic (b. 1929)
• 2013 – Hinton Mitchem, American businessman and politician (b. 1938)
• 2014 – Maziar Partow, Iranian cinematographer (b. 1933)
• 2015 – Fabrizio de Miranda, Italian engineer and academic, co-designed the Rande Bridge (b. 1926)
• 2015 – Wendell H. Ford, American lieutenant and politician, 53rd Governor of Kentucky (b. 1924)
• 2015 – Margaret Bloy Graham, Canadian author and illustrator (b. 1920)
• 2016 – Homayoun Behzadi, Iranian footballer and coach (b. 1942)
• 2016 – Cecil Parkinson, English politician (b. 1931)
• 2016 – Lois Ramsey, Australian actress (b. 1922)
• 2016 – Kamer Genç, Turkish politician (b. 1940)
• 2017 – Masaya Nakamura, Japanese businessman (b. 1925)
• 2017 – Yordano Ventura, Dominican baseball player (b. 1991)

• 393 – Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
• 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
• 1264 – In the conflict between King Henry III of England and his rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort, King Louis IX of France issues the Mise of Amiens, a one-sided decision in favour of Henry that later leads to the Second Barons' War.
• 1368 – In a coronation ceremony, Zhu Yuanzhang ascends the throne of China as the Hongwu Emperor, initiating Ming dynasty rule over China that would last for three centuries.
• 1546 – Having published nothing for eleven years, François Rabelais publishes the Tiers Livre, his sequel to Gargantua and Pantagruel.
• 1556 – The deadliest earthquake in history, the Shaanxi earthquake, hits Shaanxi province, China. The death toll may have been as high as 830,000.
• 1570 – James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, regent for the infant King James VI of Scotland, is assassinated by firearm, the first recorded instance of such.
• 1571 – The Royal Exchange opens in London.
• 1579 – The Union of Utrecht forms a Protestant republic in the Netherlands.
• 1656 – Blaise Pascal publishes the first of his Lettres provinciales.
• 1719 – The Principality of Liechtenstein is created within the Holy Roman Empire.
• 1789 – Georgetown College, the first Catholic university in the United States, is founded in Georgetown, Maryland (now a part of Washington, D.C.)
• 1793 – Second Partition of Poland.
• 1795 – After an extraordinary charge across the frozen Zuiderzee, the French cavalry captured 14 Dutch ships and 850 guns, in a rare occurrence of a battle between ships and cavalry.
• 1846 – Slavery in Tunisia is abolished.
• 1849 – Elizabeth Blackwell is awarded her M.D. by the Geneva Medical College of Geneva, New York, becoming the United States' first female doctor.
• 1870 – In Montana, U.S. cavalrymen kill 173 Native Americans, mostly women and children, in what becomes known as the Marias Massacre.
• 1879 – Anglo-Zulu War: the Battle of Rorke's Drift ends.
• 1899 – The Malolos Constitution is inaugurated, establishing the First Philippine Republic.
• 1899 – Emilio Aguinaldo is sworn in as President of the First Philippine Republic.
• 1900 – Second Boer War: The Battle of Spion Kop between the forces of the South African Republic and the Orange Free State and British forces ends in a British defeat.
• 1904 – Ålesund Fire: the Norwegian coastal town Ålesund is devastated by fire, leaving 10,000 people homeless and one person dead. Kaiser Wilhelm II funds the rebuilding of the town in Jugendstil style.
• 1909 – RMS Republic, a passenger ship of the White Star Line, becomes the first ship to use the CQD distress signal after colliding with another ship, the SS Florida, off the Massachusetts coastline, an event that kills six people. The Republic sinks the next day.
• 1912 – The International Opium Convention is signed at The Hague.
• 1920 – The Netherlands refuses to surrender the exiled Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany to the Allies.
• 1937 – The trial of the anti-Soviet Trotskyist center sees seventeen mid-level Communists accused of sympathizing with Leon Trotsky and plotting to overthrow Joseph Stalin's regime.
• 1941 – Charles Lindbergh testifies before the U.S. Congress and recommends that the United States negotiate a neutrality pact with Adolf Hitler.
• 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Rabaul commences Japan's invasion of Australia's Territory of New Guinea.
• 1943 – World War II: Troops of Montgomery's Eighth Army capture Tripoli in Libya from the German–Italian Panzer Army.
• 1945 – World War II: German admiral Karl Dönitz launches Operation Hannibal.
• 1950 – The Knesset resolves that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel.
• 1957 – American inventor Walter Frederick Morrison sells the rights to his flying disc to the Wham-O toy company, which later renames it the "Frisbee".
• 1958 – After a general uprising and rioting in the streets, President Marcos Pérez Jiménez leaves Venezuela.
• 1960 – The bathyscaphe USS Trieste breaks a depth record by descending to 10,911 metres (35,797 ft) in the Pacific Ocean.
• 1961 – The Portuguese luxury cruise ship Santa Maria is hijacked by opponents of the Estado Novo regime with the intention of waging war until dictator António de Oliveira Salazar is overthrown.
• 1963 – The Guinea-Bissau War of Independence officially begins when PAIGC guerrilla fighters attack the Portuguese army stationed in Tite.
• 1964 – The 24th Amendment to the United States Constitution, prohibiting the use of poll taxes in national elections, is ratified.
• 1967 – Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Ivory Coast are established.
• 1967 – Milton Keynes (England) is founded as a new town by Order in Council, with a planning brief to become a city of 250,000 people. Its initial designated area enclosed three existing towns and twenty one villages. The area to be developed was largely farmland, with evidence of continuous settlement dating back to the Bronze Age.
• 1973 – United States President Richard Nixon announces that a peace accord has been reached in Vietnam.
• 1986 – The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducts its first members: Little Richard, Chuck Berry, James Brown, Ray Charles, Sam Cooke, Fats Domino, The Everly Brothers, Buddy Holly, Jerry Lee Lewis and Elvis Presley.
• 1997 – Madeleine Albright becomes the first woman to serve as United States Secretary of State.
• 1998 – Netscape announced Mozilla, with the intention to release Communicator code as open source.
• 2001 – Five people attempt to set themselves on fire in Beijing's Tiananmen Square, an act that many people later claim is staged by the Communist Party of China to frame Falun Gong and thus escalate their persecution.
• 2002 – U.S. journalist Daniel Pearl is kidnapped in Karachi, Pakistan and subsequently murdered.
• 2003 – A very weak signal from Pioneer 10 is detected for the last time, but no usable data can be extracted.
• 2018 - Legendary South African trumpeter, composer and singer Hugh Masekela dies at the age of 78, after a battle with prostate cancer.

Births[edit]

• 599 – Tai Zong, emperor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 649)
• 1349 – Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara, Mongolian emperor (d. 1378)
• 1350 – Vincent Ferrer, Spanish missionary and saint (d. 1419)
• 1378 – Louis III, Elector Palatine (d. 1436)
• 1382 – Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick (d. 1439)
• 1514 – Hai Rui, Chinese politician (d. 1587)
• 1585 – Mary Ward, English Catholic Religious Sister (d. 1645)
• 1622 – Abraham Diepraam, Dutch painter (d. 1670)
• 1688 – Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden (d. 1741)
• 1719 – John Landen, English mathematician and theorist (d. 1790)
• 1737 – John Hancock, American general and politician, 1st Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1793)
• 1745 – William Jessop, English engineer, built the Cromford Canal (d. 1814)
• 1752 – Muzio Clementi, Italian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1832)
• 1780 – Georgios Karaiskakis, Greek general (d. 1827)
• 1783 – Stendhal, French novelist (d. 1842)
• 1786 – Auguste de Montferrand, French-Russian architect, designed Saint Isaac's Cathedral and Alexander Column (d. 1858)
• 1799 – Alois Negrelli, Tyrolean engineer and railroad pioneer active in the Austrian Empire (d. 1858)
• 1809 – Surendra Sai, Indian activist (d. 1884)
• 1813 – Camilla Collett, Norwegian novelist and activist (d. 1895)
• 1828 – Saigō Takamori, Japanese samurai (d. 1877)
• 1832 – Édouard Manet, French painter (d. 1883)
• 1833 – Muthu Coomaraswamy, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician (d. 1879)
• 1838 – Marianne Cope, German-American nun and saint (d. 1918)
• 1840 – Ernst Abbe, German physicist and engineer (d. 1905)
• 1846 – Nikolay Umov, Russian physicist and mathematician (d. 1915)
• 1855 – John Browning, American weapons designer, founded the Browning Arms Company (d. 1926)
• 1857 – Andrija Mohorovičić, Croatian meteorologist and seismologist (d. 1936)
• 1862 – David Hilbert, Russian-German mathematician and academic (d. 1943)
• 1862 – Frank Shuman, American inventor and engineer (d. 1918)
• 1872 – Paul Langevin, French physicist and academic (d. 1946)
• 1872 – Jože Plečnik, Slovenian architect, designed Plečnik Parliament (d. 1957)
• 1876 – Otto Diels, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1954)
• 1878 – Rutland Boughton, English composer (d. 1960)
• 1880 – Antonio Díaz Soto y Gama, Mexican politician (d. 1967)
• 1894 – Jyotirmoyee Devi, Indian author (d. 1988)
• 1896 – Alf Blair, Australian rugby league player and coach (d. 1944)
• 1896 – Alf Hall, English-South African cricketer (d. 1964)
• 1897 – Subhas Chandra Bose, Indian activist and politician (d. 1945)
• 1897 – Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Austrian architect (d. 2000)
• 1897 – Ieva Simonaitytė, Lithuanian author (d. 1978)
• 1897 – William Stephenson, Canadian captain and spy (d. 1989)
• 1898 – Georg Kulenkampff, German violinist (d. 1948)
• 1898 – Randolph Scott, American actor (d. 1987)
• 1898 – Freda Utley, English scholar and author (d. 1978)
• 1899 – Glen Kidston, English race car driver and pilot (d. 1931)
• 1900 – William Ifor Jones, Welsh organist and conductor (d. 1988)
• 1901 – Arthur Wirtz, American businessman (d. 1983)
• 1903 – Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, Colombian lawyer and politician, 16th Minister of National Education of Colombia (d. 1948)
• 1905 – Erich Borchmeyer, German sprinter (d. 2000)
• 1907 – Dan Duryea, American actor and singer (d. 1968)
• 1907 – Hideki Yukawa, Japanese physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1981)
• 1910 – Django Reinhardt, Belgian guitarist and composer (d. 1953)
• 1912 – Boris Pokrovsky, Russian director and manager (d. 2009)
• 1913 – Jean-Michel Atlan, Algerian-French painter (d. 1960)
• 1913 – Wally Parks, American businessman, founded the National Hot Rod Association (d. 2007)
• 1915 – Herma Bauma, Austrian javelin thrower and handball player (d. 2003)
• 1915 – W. Arthur Lewis, Saint Lucian-Barbadian economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
• 1915 – Potter Stewart, American lawyer and judge (d. 1985)
• 1916 – David Douglas Duncan, American photographer and journalist
• 1916 – Airey Neave, English colonel, lawyer, and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (d. 1979)
• 1918 – Gertrude B. Elion, American biochemist and pharmacologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
• 1918 – Florence Rush, American social worker and theorist (d. 2008)
• 1919 – Frances Bay, Canadian-American actress (d. 2011)
• 1919 – Hans Hass, Austrian biologist and diver (d. 2013)
• 1919 – Ernie Kovacs, American actor and game show host (d. 1962)
• 1919 – Bob Paisley, English footballer and manager (d. 1996)
• 1920 – Gottfried Böhm, German architect
• 1920 – Henry Eriksson, Swedish runner (d. 2000)
• 1920 – Walter Frederick Morrison, American businessman, invented the Frisbee (d. 2010)
• 1922 – Leon Golub, American painter and academic (d. 2004)
• 1922 – Tom Lewis, Australian politician, 33rd Premier of New South Wales (d. 2016)
• 1923 – Horace Ashenfelter, American runner (d. 2018)
• 1923 – Cot Deal, American baseball player and coach (d. 2013)
• 1923 – Walter M. Miller, Jr., American soldier and author (d. 1996)
• 1924 – Frank Lautenberg, American soldier, businessman, and politician (d. 2013)
• 1925 – Marty Paich, American pianist, composer, producer, and conductor (d. 1995)
• 1926 – Bal Thackeray, Indian journalist, cartoonist, and politician (d. 2012)
• 1927 – Lars-Eric Lindblad, Swedish-American businessman and explorer (d. 1994)
• 1927 – Fred Williams, Australian painter (d. 1982)
• 1928 – Chico Carrasquel, Venezuelan baseball player and manager (d. 2005)
• 1928 – Jeanne Moreau, French actress (d. 2017)
• 1929 – Myron Cope, American journalist and sportscaster (d. 2008)
• 1929 – Phillip Knightley, Australian journalist, author, and critic (d. 2016)
• 1929 – John Polanyi, German-Canadian chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1930 – Filaret, Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan
• 1930 – Mervyn Rose, Australian tennis player (d. 2017)
• 1930 – Derek Walcott, Saint Lucian poet and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2017)
• 1930 – Teresa Żylis-Gara, Polish operatic soprano
• 1932 – George Allen, English footballer (d. 2016)
• 1932 – Larri Thomas, American actress and dancer (d. 2013)
• 1933 – Bill Hayden, Australian politician, 21st Governor General of Australia
• 1933 – Chita Rivera, American actress, singer, and dancer
• 1934 – Pierre Bourgault, Canadian journalist and politician (d. 2003)
• 1935 – Mike Agostini, Trinidadian sprinter (d. 2016)
• 1935 – Tom Reamy, American author (d. 1977)
• 1936 – Brian Howe, Australian minister and politician, 8th Deputy Prime Minister of Australia
• 1936 – Jerry Kramer, American football player and sportscaster
• 1936 – Cécile Ousset, French pianist
• 1938 – Giant Baba, Japanese wrestler and promoter, founded All Japan Pro Wrestling (d. 1999)
• 1938 – Georg Baselitz, German painter and sculptor
• 1939 – Ed Roberts, American disability rights activist (d. 1995)
• 1940 – Alan Cheuse, American writer and critic (d. 2015)
• 1940 – Joe Dowell, American pop singer (d. 2016)
• 1941 – Jock R. Anderson, Australian economist and academic
• 1941 – João Ubaldo Ribeiro, Brazilian journalist, author, and academic (d. 2014)
• 1942 – Laurie Mayne, Australian cricketer
• 1942 – Herman Tjeenk Willink, Dutch judge and politician
• 1943 – Gary Burton, American vibraphone player and composer
• 1943 – Özhan Canaydın, Turkish basketball player and businessman (d. 2010)
• 1943 – Gil Gerard, American actor and producer
• 1944 – Rutger Hauer, Dutch actor, director, and producer
• 1945 – Mike Harris, Canadian politician, 22nd Premier of Ontario
• 1946 – Arnoldo Alemán, Nicaraguan lawyer and politician, President of Nicaragua
• 1946 – Boris Berezovsky, Russian-English businessman and mathematician (d. 2013)
• 1946 – Zvonko Bušić, Croatian terrorist, hijacker of TWA Flight 355 (d. 2013)
• 1946 – Don Whittington, American racing driver
• 1947 – Tom Carper, American captain and politician, 71st Governor of Delaware
• 1947 – Megawati Sukarnoputri, Indonesian politician, 5th President of Indonesia
• 1948 – Anita Pointer, American R&B/soul singer-songwriter
• 1950 – Richard Dean Anderson, American actor, producer, and composer
• 1950 – Bill Cunningham, American bass player and keyboard player
• 1950 – John Greaves, Welsh bass player and songwriter
• 1950 – Guida Maria, Portuguese actress (d. 2018)
• 1950 – Suzanne Scotchmer, American economist and academic (d. 2014)
• 1950 – Luis Alberto Spinetta, Argentinian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and poet (d. 2012)
• 1951 – Margaret Bailes, American sprinter
• 1951 – Chesley Sullenberger, American captain and pilot
• 1952 – Omar Henry, South African cricketer
• 1953 – John Luther Adams, American composer
• 1953 – Alister McGrath, Irish priest, historian, and theologian
• 1953 – Antonio Villaraigosa, American politician, 41st Mayor of Los Angeles
• 1953 – Robin Zander, American rock singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1954 – Trevor Hohns, Australian cricketer
• 1957 – Caroline, Princess of Hanover
• 1958 – Sergey Litvinov, Russian hammer thrower
• 1959 – Clive Bull, English radio host
• 1960 – Jean-François Sauvé, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1960 – Greg Ritchie, Australian cricketer
• 1961 – Neil Henry, Australian rugby league player and coach
• 1961 – Yelena Sinchukova, Russian long jumper
• 1962 – David Arnold, English composer
• 1962 – Aivar Lillevere, Estonian footballer and coach
• 1962 – Elvira Lindo, Spanish journalist and author
• 1964 – Jonatha Brooke, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1964 – Mariska Hargitay, American actress and producer
• 1964 – Bharrat Jagdeo, Guyanese economist and politician, 7th President of Guyana
• 1964 – Mario Roberge, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1965 – Louie Clemente, American drummer
• 1966 – Damien Hardman, Australian surfer
• 1966 – Haywoode Workman, American basketball player and referee
• 1967 – Owen Cunningham, Australian rugby league player
• 1968 – Taro Hakase, Japanese violinist and composer
• 1968 – Petr Korda, Czech-Monacan tennis player
• 1969 – Andrei Kanchelskis, Ukrainian-Russian footballer and manager
• 1969 – Brendan Shanahan, Canadian ice hockey player and actor
• 1969 – Susen Tiedtke, German long jumper
• 1970 – Spyridon Vasdekis, Greek long jumper
• 1971 – Scott Gibbs, Welsh-South African rugby player and sportscaster
• 1971 – Kevin Mawae, American football player and coach
• 1971 – Marc Nelson, American singer-songwriter
• 1971 – Adam Parore, New Zealand cricketer and mountaineer
• 1971 – Claire Rankin, Canadian actress
• 1971 – Lisa Snowdon, English television and radio presenter and fashion model
• 1972 – Ewen Bremner, Scottish actor
• 1973 – Tomas Holmström, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1974 – Glen Chapple, English cricketer
• 1974 – Rebekah Elmaloglou, Australian actress
• 1974 – Yosvani Pérez, Cuban baseball player
• 1974 – Richard T. Slone, English painter
• 1974 – Tiffani Thiessen, American actress
• 1975 – Phil Dawson, American football player
• 1976 – Brandon Duckworth, American baseball player and scout
• 1976 – Alex Shaffer, American skier
• 1979 – Larry Hughes, American basketball player
• 1979 – Dawn O'Porter, Scottish-English fashion designer and journalist
• 1979 – Juan Rincón, Venezuelan baseball player and coach
• 1981 – Rob Friend, Canadian soccer player
• 1982 – Wily Mo Peña, Dominican baseball player
• 1982 – Andrew Rock, American sprinter
• 1983 – Irving Saladino, Panamanian long jumper
• 1984 – Robbie Farah, Australian rugby league player
• 1984 – Arjen Robben, Dutch footballer
• 1985 – Dong Fangzhuo, Chinese footballer
• 1985 – Doutzen Kroes, Dutch model and actress
• 1985 – Yevgeny Lukyanenko, Russian pole vaulter
• 1985 – Aselefech Mergia, Ethiopian runner
• 1985 – Jeff Samardzija, American baseball player
• 1985 – San E, South Korean rapper
• 1986 – Gelete Burka, Ethiopian runner
• 1986 – Marc Laird, Scottish footballer
• 1986 – José Enrique, Spanish footballer
• 1986 – Michael Stevens, American YouTuber and educator
• 1986 – Steven Taylor, English footballer
• 1986 – Sandro Viletta, Swiss skier
• 1987 – Leo Komarov, Finnish ice hockey player
• 1988 – Shaun Kenny-Dowall, Australian-New Zealand rugby league player
• 1990 – Şener Özbayraklı, Turkish footballer
• 1990 – Alex Silva, Canadian wrestler
• 1990 – Martyn Waghorn, English footballer
• 1992 – Reina Triendl, Japanese model and actress
• 1994 – Addison Russell, American baseball player
• 1995 – Luke Bateman, Australian rugby league player
• 1995 – Tuimoala Lolohea, New Zealand rugby league player

Deaths[edit]

• 667 – Ildefonsus, bishop of Toledo
• 1002 – Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 980)
• 1199 – Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur, Moroccan caliph (b. 1160)
• 1252 – Isabella, Queen of Armenia
• 1297 – Florent of Hainaut, Prince of Achaea (b. c. 1255)
• 1423 – Margaret of Bavaria, Burgundian regent (b. 1363)
• 1516 – Ferdinand II of Aragon (b. 1452)
• 1548 – Bernardo Pisano, Italian priest, scholar, and composer (b. 1490)
• 1549 – Johannes Honter, Romanian-Hungarian cartographer and theologian (b. 1498)
• 1567 – Jiajing Emperor of China (b. 1507)
• 1570 – James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, Scottish politician (b. 1531)
• 1620 – John Croke, English politician and judge (b. 1553)
• 1622 – William Baffin, English explorer and navigator (b. 1584)
• 1650 – Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke (b. 1584)
• 1744 – Giambattista Vico, Italian historian and philosopher (b. 1668)
• 1785 – Matthew Stewart, Scottish mathematician and academic (b. 1717)
• 1789 – Frances Brooke, English author and playwright (b. 1724)
• 1789 – John Cleland, English author (b. 1709)
• 1800 – Edward Rutledge, American captain and politician, 39th Governor of South Carolina (b. 1749)
• 1803 – Arthur Guinness, Irish brewer, founded Guinness (b. 1725)
• 1805 – Claude Chappe, French engineer (b. 1763)
• 1806 – William Pitt the Younger, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1759)
• 1810 – Johann Wilhelm Ritter, German chemist and physicist (b. 1776)
• 1812 – Robert Craufurd, Scottish general and politician (b. 1764)
• 1820 – Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (b. 1767)
• 1833 – Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, English admiral and politician (b. 1757)
• 1837 – John Field, Irish pianist and composer (b. 1782)
• 1866 – Thomas Love Peacock, English author and poet (b. 1785)
• 1875 – Charles Kingsley English priest and author (b. 1819)
• 1883 – Gustave Doré, French engraver and illustrator (b. 1832)
• 1893 – Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II, American lawyer and politician, 16th United States Secretary of the Interior (b. 1825)
• 1893 – José Zorrilla, Spanish poet and playwright (b. 1817)
• 1921 – Mykola Leontovych, Ukrainian composer and conductor (b. 1877)
• 1922 – René Beeh, Alsatian painter and draughtsman (b. 1886)
• 1922 – Arthur Nikisch, Hungarian conductor and academic (b. 1855)
• 1923 – Max Nordau, Austrian physician and author (b. 1849)
• 1931 – Anna Pavlova, Russian-English ballerina (b. 1881)
• 1937 – Orso Mario Corbino, Italian physicist and politician (b. 1876)
• 1939 – Matthias Sindelar, Austrian footballer and manager (b. 1903)
• 1943 – Alexander Woollcott, American actor, playwright, and critic (b. 1887)
• 1944 – Edvard Munch, Norwegian painter and illustrator (b. 1863)
• 1947 – Pierre Bonnard, French painter (b. 1867)
• 1956 – Alexander Korda, Hungarian-English director and producer (b. 1893)
• 1963 – Józef Gosławski, Polish sculptor (b. 1908)
• 1966 – T. M. Sabaratnam, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician (d. 1895)
• 1971 – Fritz Feigl, Austrian-Brazilian chemist and academic (b. 1871)
• 1973 – Alexander Onassis, American-Greek businessman (b. 1948)
• 1973 – Kid Ory, American trombonist, composer, and bandleader (b. 1886)
• 1976 – Paul Robeson, American actor, singer, and activist (b. 1898)
• 1977 – Toots Shor, American businessman, founded Toots Shor's Restaurant (b. 1903)
• 1978 – Terry Kath, American guitarist and songwriter (b. 1946)
• 1978 – Jack Oakie, American actor (b. 1903)
• 1980 – Giovanni Michelotti, Italian engineer (b. 1921)
• 1981 – Samuel Barber, American pianist and composer (b. 1910)
• 1983 – Fred Bakewell, English cricketer and coach (b. 1908)
• 1984 – Muin Bseiso, Palestinian-Egyptian poet and critic (b. 1926)
• 1986 – Joseph Beuys, German sculptor and painter (b. 1921)
• 1988 – Charles Glen King, American biochemist and academic (b. 1896)
• 1989 – Salvador Dalí, Spanish painter and sculptor (b. 1904)
• 1989 – Lars-Erik Torph, Swedish race car driver (b. 1961)
• 1990 – Allen Collins, American guitarist and songwriter (b. 1952)
• 1991 – Northrop Frye, Canadian author and critic (b. 1912)
• 1992 – Freddie Bartholomew, American actor (b. 1924)
• 1993 – Keith Laumer, American soldier, author, and diplomat (b. 1925)
• 1994 – Nikolai Ogarkov, Russian field marshal (b. 1917)
• 1994 – Brian Redhead, English journalist and author (b. 1929)
• 1999 – Joe D'Amato, Italian director and cinematographer (b. 1936)
• 1999 – Jay Pritzker, American businessman, co-founded the Hyatt Corporation (b. 1922)
• 2002 – Paul Aars, American race car driver (b. 1934)
• 2002 – Pierre Bourdieu, French sociologist, anthropologist, and philosopher (b. 1930)
• 2002 – Robert Nozick, American philosopher, author, and academic (b. 1938)
• 2003 – Nell Carter, American actress and singer (b. 1948)
• 2004 – Bob Keeshan, American television personality and producer (b. 1927)
• 2004 – Helmut Newton, German-Australian photographer (b. 1920)
• 2005 – Morys Bruce, 4th Baron Aberdare, English lieutenant and politician (b. 1921)
• 2005 – Johnny Carson, American talk show host, television personality, and producer (b. 1925)
• 2007 – Syed Hussein Alatas, Malaysian sociologist and politician (b. 1928)
• 2007 – E. Howard Hunt, American CIA officer (b. 1918)
• 2007 – Ryszard Kapuściński, Polish journalist and author (b. 1932)
• 2009 – Robert W. Scott, American farmer and politician, 67th Governor of North Carolina (b. 1929)
• 2010 – Kermit Tyler, American colonel and pilot (b. 1913)
• 2010 – Earl Wild, American pianist and composer (b. 1915)
• 2011 – Jack LaLanne, American fitness instructor, author, and television host (b. 1914)
• 2012 – Wesley E. Brown, American lawyer and jurist (b. 1907)
• 2012 – Maurice Meisner, American historian, author, and academic (b. 1931)
• 2012 – Bingham Ray, American businessman, co-founded October Films (b. 1954)
• 2013 – Józef Glemp, Polish cardinal (b. 1929)
• 2013 – Peter van der Merwe, South African cricketer and referee (b. 1937)
• 2013 – Jean-Félix-Albert-Marie Vilnet, French bishop (b. 1922)
• 2014 – Yuri Izrael, Russian meteorologist and journalist (b. 1930)
• 2014 – Riz Ortolani, Italian composer and conductor (b. 1926)
• 2015 – Ernie Banks, American baseball player and coach (b. 1931)
• 2015 – Prosper Ego, Dutch activist, founded the Oud-Strijders Legioen (b. 1927)
• 2015 – Abdullah of Saudi Arabia (b. 1924)
• 2016 – Jimmy Bain, Scottish bassist (b. 1947)
• 2016 – Bobby Wanzer, American basketball player and coach (b. 1921)
• 2017 – Bobby Freeman, American singer, songwriter and record producer (b. 1940)
• 2017 – Gorden Kaye, English actor (b. 1941)
• 2017 – Mervyn Rose, Australian tennis player (b. 1930)
• 2018 - Hugh Masekela, South African trumpeter, composer and singer (b. 1939)

Hugh Masekela, South African 

jazz trumpeter, dies

Legendary jazz trumpeter Hugh Masekela, a leading figure in the struggle to end apartheid and "the father of South African jazz", has died aged 78.

In a statement, his family said he had "passed peacefully" in Johannesburg "after a protracted and courageous battle with prostate cancer".

Masekela gained global recognition with his distinctive Afro-Jazz sound and hits such as Soweto Blues.

The 1977 song became synonymous with the anti-apartheid movement.

In a statement, South African President Jacob Zuma said Masekela's death was "an immeasurable loss to the music industry and to the country at large".

Zuma continued: "His contribution to the struggle for liberation will never be forgotten."

Born in the South African town of Witbank in 1939, Masekela was inspired to learn the trumpet after seeing Kirk Douglas play Bix Beiderbecke in the 1950 film Young Man with a Horn.

He persuaded one of his teachers - the anti-apartheid crusader Father Trevor Huddleston - to buy him an instrument, promising to stay out of trouble in return.

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

In 1960, aged 21, he left South Africa to begin what would be 30 years in exile from the land of his birth.

Under the tutelage of Dizzy Gillespie and Louis Armstrong, he was encouraged to develop his own unique style.

In 1967, he performed at the Monterey Pop Festival alongside Janis Joplin, Otis Redding, Ravi Shankar, The Who and Jimi Hendrix. 

The following year, his instrumental single Grazing in the Grass topped the charts in the US and became a worldwide hit.

• 
  

Masekela returned to South Africa in 1990 following the release of Nelson Mandela, whose freedom he had called for in his 1986 anthem Bring Home Nelson Mandela.

In June 2010, he performed at both the opening concert of the Fifa World Cup and the tournament's opening ceremony in Soweto's Soccer City.

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

In their statement, Masekela's family described him as "a loving father, brother, grandfather and friend" who would be "forever in our hearts".

"Hugh's global and activist contribution to and participation in the areas of music, theatre and the arts in general is contained in the minds and memory of millions across six continents," it continued.

"We are blessed and grateful to be part of a life and ever-expanding legacy of love, sharing and vanguard creativity that spans the time and space of six decades."

Neil Diamond retires from touring 

after Parkinson's diagnosis

Image copyrightREUTERS

Singer Neil Diamond has announced he will retire from touring, after a recent diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.

Diamond, who turns 77 on Wednesday, cancelled his March tour dates for Australia and New Zealand on medical advice.

The Solitary Man singer was midway through his 50th anniversary tour.

In a statement he said he took the decision "with great reluctance and disappointment".

"I have been so honoured to bring my shows to the public for the past 50 years," he said. 

"My sincerest apologies to everyone who purchased tickets and were planning to come to the upcoming shows."

Parkinson's is a progressive condition in which the brain becomes damaged. It can lead to tremors, difficulty moving, speech changes and eventually memory problems.

• 
  

Diamond hopes to continue writing and recording for some time to come, a post on his website reads.

"My thanks goes out to my loyal and devoted audiences around the world," he said. "You will always have my appreciation for your support and encouragement."

With a nod to his hit Sweet Caroline, he added: "This ride has been 'so good, so good, so good' thanks to you."

Diamond, who has sold over 130 million albums worldwide, is set to receive a lifetime achievement award at Sunday's Grammy Awards.

The singer last performed in the UK and Ireland in October as part of the 50th anniversary world tour, but the the onset of Parkinson's disease "has made it difficult to travel and perform on a large scale basis," his official website said.

Friends and fans sent their best wishes to the singer on social media as news of his retirement spread.

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οι υποψηφιότητες για τα φετινά βραβεία Οσκαρ -Σάρωσε «Το σχήμα του νερού» 

Η ταινία «Το σχήμα του νερού» του Μεξικανού σκηνοθέτη

 Γκιγιέρμο ντελ Τόρο συγκεντρώνει 13 υποψηφιότητες για τα

 βραβεία Όσκαρ που θα απονεμηθούν στις 4 Μαρτίου.

Ακολουθούν σε υποψηφιότητες η «Δουνκέρκη» του Κρίστοφερ Νόλαν με οκτώ

 υποψηφιότητες και το «Τρεις Πινακίδες έξω από το Έμπινγκ στο Μιζούρι» 

του Μάρτιν ΜακΝτόνα.

Οι ανακοινώσεις έγιναν σε μία λαμπερή τελετή με παρουιαστές τους Τίφανι 

Χάντις και Άντι Σέρκις.

Αναλυτικά οι υποψηφιότητες

Οι σκηνοθέτες που είναι υποψήφιοι για το Όσκαρ καλύτερης 

σκηνοθεσίας στην 90ή τελετή:

Γκιγιέρμο ντελ Τόρο για «Το σχήμα του νερού»

Κρίστοφερ Νόλαν για τη «Δουνκέρκη»

Τζόρνταν Πίλι για το «Get out!»

Γκρέτα Γκέργουικ για το «Lady Bird»

Πολ Τόμας Άντερσον για το «Phantom Thread»

Το σχήμα του νερού (The shape of water)

Οι ταινίες που είναι υποψήφιες για το φετινό βραβείο Όσκαρ

 καλύτερης ταινίας είναι:

Να με φωνάζεις με το όνομά σου (Call me by your name)

Η πιο σκοτεινή ώρα (Darkest hour)

Δουνκέρκη (Dunkirk)

Τρέξε! (Get out)

Lady Bird

Αόρατη κλωστή (Phantom Thread)

The Post: Απαγορευμένα μυστικά

Το σχήμα του νερού (The shape of water)

Οι Τρεις Πινακίδες Έξω από το Έμπινγκ, στο Μιζούρι (Three Billboards Outside 

Ebbing, Missouri)

Γκάρι Όλντμαν για το «Η πιο σκοτεινή ώρα»

Οι υποψήφιοι για το Όσκαρ πρώτου ανδρικού ρόλου:

Ο Τιμοθι Σαλαμέ για το "Call Me by Your Name"

Ντάνιελ Ντέι-Λιούις για το "Phantom Thread"

Γκάρι Όλντμαν για το «Η πιο σκοτεινή ώρα»

Ντάνιελ Καλούγια για το "Get Out" («Τρέξε!»)

Ντένζελ Ουάσινγκτον για το "Roman J. Israel, Esq."

Μέριλ Στριπ για το «The Post: Απαγορευμένα Μυστικά»

Οι υποψήφιες για το Όσκαρ πρώτου γυναικείου ρόλου είναι:

Σάλι Χόκινς για το «Σχήμα του νερού»

Φράνσες ΜακΝτόρμαντ για το «Τρεις πινακίδες έξω από το Έμπινγκ στο Μιζούρι»

Μάργκοτ Ρόμπι για το «Εγώ, η Τόνια»

Σίρσα Ρόναν για τo «Lady Bird»

Μέριλ Στριπ για το «The Post: Απαγορευμένα Μυστικά».

«Η ψυχή και το σώμα» (Ουγγαρία)

Οι υποψηφιότητες για το φετινό Όσκαρ καλύτερης ξένης ταινίας είναι 

οι εξής:

«Το τετράγωνο» (Σουηδία)

«Μια φανταστική γυναίκα» (Χιλή)

«Η ψυχή και το σώμα» (Ουγγαρία)

«Χωρίς αγάπη» (Ρωσία)

«The insult» (Λίβανος).

Τα φετινά βραβεία Όσκαρ θα απονεμηθούν στις 4 Μαρτίου.