[edit]

• 1358 – The Republic of Dubrovnik is founded.
• 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England.
• 1556 – The thirteen Stratford Martyrs are burned at the stake near London for their Protestant beliefs.
• 1743 – In the Battle of Dettingen, George II becomes the last reigning British monarch to participate in a battle.
• 1759 – General James Wolfe begins the siege of Quebec.
• 1760 – Cherokee warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Echoee near present-day Otto, North Carolina during the Anglo-Cherokee War.
• 1806 – British forces take Buenos Aires during the first British invasions of the River Plate.
• 1844 – Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum Smith, are killed by a mob at the Carthage, Illinois jail.
• 1895 – The inaugural run of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Royal Blue from Washington, D.C., to New York City, the first U.S. passenger train to use electric locomotives.
• 1898 – The first solo circumnavigation of the globe is completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia.
• 1899 – A. E. J. Collins scores 628 runs not out, the highest-ever recorded score in cricket, a record that held until 2016.
• 1905 – During the Russo-Japanese War, sailors start a mutiny aboard the Russian battleship Potemkin.
• 1927 – Prime Minister of Japan Tanaka Giichi leads a conference to discuss Japan's plans for China; later, a document detailing these plans, the "Tanaka Memorial" is leaked, although it is now considered a forgery.
• 1941 – Romanian authorities launch one of the most violent pogroms in Jewish history in the city of Iași, resulting in the murder of at least 13,266 Jews.
• 1941 – German troops capture the city of Białystok during Operation Barbarossa.
• 1946 – In the Canadian Citizenship Act, the Parliament of Canada establishes the definition of Canadian citizenship.
• 1950 – The United States decides to send troops to fight in the Korean War.
• 1952 – Guatemala passes Decree 900, ordering the redistribution of uncultivated land.
• 1954 – The Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, the Soviet Union's first nuclear power station, opens in Obninsk, near Moscow.
• 1954 – The 1954 FIFA World Cup quarterfinal match between Hungary and Brazil, highly anticipated to be exciting, instead turns violent, with three players ejected and further fighting continuing after the game.
• 1957 – Hurricane Audrey makes landfall near the Texas–Louisiana border, killing over 400 people, mainly in and around Cameron, Louisiana.
• 1971 – After only three years in business, rock promoter Bill Graham closes the Fillmore East in New York, New York, the "Church of Rock and Roll".
• 1973 – The President of Uruguay Juan María Bordaberry dissolves Parliament and establishes a dictatorship.
• 1974 – U.S. president Richard Nixon visits the Soviet Union.
• 1976 – Air France Flight 139 (Tel Aviv-Athens-Paris) is hijacked en route to Paris by the PLO and redirected to Entebbe, Uganda.
• 1977 – France grants independence to Djibouti.
• 1980 – Italian Aerolinee Itavia Flight 870 mysteriously explodes in mid air while en route from Bologna to Palermo, killing all 81 on board. Also known in Italy as the Ustica disaster
• 1981 – The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issues its "Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China", laying the blame for the Cultural Revolution on Mao Zedong.
• 1982 – Space Shuttle Columbia launched from the Kennedy Space Center on the final research and development flight mission, STS-4.
• 1985 – U.S. Route 66 is officially removed from the United States Highway System.
• 1988 – The Gare de Lyon rail accident kills 56 people.
• 1991 – Slovenia, after declaring independence two days before is invaded by Yugoslav troops, tanks, and aircraft starting the Ten-Day War.
• 2007 – Tony Blair resigns as British Prime Minister, a position he had held since 1997.
• 2007 – The Brazilian Military Police invades the favelas of Complexo do Alemão in an episode which is remembered as the Complexo do Alemão massacre.
• 2008 – In a highly scrutizined election President of Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe is re-elected in a landslide after his opponent Morgan Tsvangirai had withdrawn a week earlier, citing violence against his party's supporters.
• 2013 – NASA launches the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, a space probe to observe the Sun.
• 2014 – At least fourteen people are killed when a Gas Authority of India Limited pipeline explodes in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India.
• 2015 – A midair explosion from flammable powder at a recreational water park in Taiwan injures at least 510 people with about 183 in serious condition in intensive care.

Births[edit]

• 1040 – Ladislaus I of Hungary (d. 1095)
• 1350 – Manuel II Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1425)
• 1462 – Louis XII of France (d. 1515)
• 1550 – Charles IX of France (d. 1574)
• 1696 – William Pepperrell, American merchant and soldier (d. 1759)
• 1717 – Louis-Guillaume Le Monnier, French botanist and physicist (d. 1799)
• 1767 – Alexis Bouvard, French astronomer and academic (d. 1843)
• 1805 – Napoléon Coste, French guitarist and composer (d. 1883)
• 1806 – Augustus De Morgan, English mathematician and logician (d. 1871)
• 1817 – Louise von François, German author (d. 1893)
• 1838 – Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, Indian journalist, author, and poet (d. 1894)
• 1838 – Paul Mauser, German weapon designer, designed the Gewehr 98 (d. 1914)
• 1846 – Charles Stewart Parnell, Irish politician (d. 1891)
• 1850 – Jørgen Pedersen Gram, Danish mathematician and academic (d. 1919)
• 1850 – Lafcadio Hearn, Greek-Japanese historian and author (d. 1904)
• 1862 – May Irwin, Canadian-American actress and singer (d. 1938)
• 1865 – John Monash, Australian engineer and general (d. 1931)
• 1869 – Kate Carew, American illustrator and journalist (d. 1961)
• 1869 – Emma Goldman, Lithuanian-Canadian philosopher and activist (d. 1940)
• 1869 – Hans Spemann, German embryologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1941)
• 1870 – Frank Rattray Lillie, American zoologist and embryologist (d. 1947)
• 1872 – Heber Doust Curtis, American astronomer (d. 1942)
• 1872 – Paul Laurence Dunbar, American author, poet, and playwright (d. 1906)
• 1880 – Natalia Brasova, Russian wife of Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia (d. 1952)
• 1880 – Helen Keller, American author, academic, and activist (d. 1968)
• 1882 – Eduard Spranger, German philosopher and academic (d. 1963)
• 1884 – Gaston Bachelard, French philosopher and poet (d. 1962)
• 1885 – Pierre Montet, French historian and academic (d. 1966)
• 1885 – Guilhermina Suggia, Portuguese cellist (d. 1950)
• 1886 – Charlie Macartney, Australian cricketer and soldier (d. 1958)
• 1888 – Lewis Bernstein Namier, Polish-English historian and academic (d. 1960)
• 1888 – Antoinette Perry, American actress and director (d. 1946)
• 1892 – Paul Colin, French illustrator (d. 1985)
• 1899 – Juan Trippe, American businessman, founded Pan American World Airways (d. 1981)
• 1901 – Merle Tuve, American geophysicist and academic (d. 1982)
• 1905 – Armand Mondou, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1976)
• 1906 – Catherine Cookson, English author and philanthropist (d. 1998)
• 1906 – Vernon Watkins, Welsh-American poet and painter (d. 1967)
• 1907 – John McIntire, American actor (d. 1991)
• 1908 – João Guimarães Rosa, Brazilian physician and author (d. 1967)
• 1908 – Gene Venzke, American runner (d. 1992)
• 1909 – Billy Curtis, American actor and stuntman (d. 1988)
• 1913 – Elton Britt, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1972)
• 1913 – Philip Guston, American painter and academic (d. 1980)
• 1913 – Willie Mosconi, American pool player (d. 1993)
• 1914 – Robert Aickman, English author and activist, co-founded the Inland Waterways Association (d. 1981)
• 1914 – Giorgio Almirante, Italian journalist and politician (d. 1988)
• 1915 – Grace Lee Boggs, American philosopher, author, and activist (d. 2015)
• 1915 – John Alexander Moore, American zoologist and academic (d. 2002)
• 1916 – Robert Normann, Norwegian guitarist (d. 1998)
• 1918 – Adolph Kiefer, American swimmer
• 1921 – Muriel Pavlow, English actress
• 1923 – Jacques Berthier, French organist and composer (d. 1994)
• 1923 – Elmo Hope, American pianist and composer (d. 1967)
• 1924 – Bob Appleyard, English cricketer and businessman (d. 2015)
• 1925 – Leonard Lerman, American geneticist and biologist (d. 2012)
• 1925 – Doc Pomus, American singer-songwriter (d. 1991)
• 1927 – Bob Keeshan, American actor and producer (d. 2004)
• 1928 – James Lincoln Collier, American journalist and author
• 1928 – Rudy Perpich, American dentist and politician, 34th Governor of Minnesota (d. 1995)
• 1929 – Dick the Bruiser, American football player and wrestler (d. 1991)
• 1929 – Peter Maas, American journalist and author (d. 2001)
• 1930 – Tommy Kono, American weightlifter and coach (d. 2016)
• 1930 – Ross Perot, American businessman and politician
• 1931 – Charles Bronfman, Canadian-American businessman and philanthropist
• 1931 – Martinus J. G. Veltman, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1932 – Eddie Kasko, American baseball player and manager
• 1932 – Anna Moffo, American operatic soprano (d. 2006)
• 1932 – Hugh Wood, English composer
• 1936 – Lucille Clifton, American author and poet (d. 2010)
• 1937 – Joseph P. Allen, American physicist and astronaut
• 1937 – Otto Herrigel, Namibian lawyer and politician (d. 2013)
• 1937 – Kirkpatrick Sale, American author and scholar
• 1938 – Bruce Babbitt, American lawyer and politician, 47th United States Secretary of the Interior
• 1938 – Shirley Anne Field, English actress
• 1938 – David Hope, Baron Hope of Craighead, Scottish lieutenant and judge
• 1938 – Yevgeniy Ivchenko, Ukrainian race walker (d. 1999)
• 1938 – Konrad Kujau, German illustrator (d. 2000)
• 1939 – R. D. Burman, Indian singer-songwriter (d. 1994)
• 1939 – Neil Hawke, Australian cricker and footballer (d. 2000)
• 1940 – Ian Lang, Baron Lang of Monkton, Scottish politician, Secretary of State for Scotland
• 1941 – Bill Baxley, American lawyer and politician, 24th Lieutenant Governor of Alabama
• 1941 – James P. Hogan, English-Irish author (d. 2010)
• 1941 – Krzysztof Kieślowski, Polish director and screenwriter (d. 1996)
• 1942 – Bruce Johnston, American singer-songwriter and producer (The Beach Boys and Bruce & Terry)
• 1942 – Danny Schechter, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2015)
• 1943 – Ravi Batra, Indian-American economist and academic
• 1943 – Vera Chino, Acoma Pueblo (Native American) potter
• 1944 – Angela King, English environmentalist and author, co-founded Common Ground
• 1944 – Patrick Sercu, Belgian cyclist
• 1945 – Joey Covington, American drummer, songwriter, and producer (Jefferson Airplane and Hot Tuna) (d. 2013)
• 1945 – Norma Kamali, American fashion designer
• 1948 – Camile Baudoin, American guitarist (The Radiators)
• 1949 – Vera Wang, American fashion designer
• 1951 – Julia Duffy, American actress
• 1951 – Gilson Lavis, English drummer (Squeeze (band)) and portrait artist
• 1951 – Mary McAleese, Irish academic and politician, 8th President of Ireland
• 1952 – Madan Bhandari, Nepalese politician (d. 1993)
• 1953 – Igor Gräzin, Estonian academic and politician
• 1953 – Alice McDermott, American novelist
• 1954 – Richard Ibbotson, English admiral
• 1955 – Isabelle Adjani, French actress
• 1956 – Heiner Dopp, German field hockey player and politician
• 1956 – Ted Haggard, American pastor, founded the Association of Life-Giving Churches
• 1956 – Sultan bin Salman Al Saud, Saudi Arabian pilot and astronaut
• 1957 – Gabriella Dorio, Italian runner
• 1958 – Lisa Germano, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1958 – Jeffrey Lee Pierce, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Gun Club) (d. 1996)
• 1959 – Dan Jurgens, American author and illustrator
• 1959 – Lorrie Morgan, American singer
• 1960 – Craig Hodges, American basketball player and coach
• 1960 – Robert King, English harpsichord player and conductor
• 1962 – Michael Ball, English actor and singer
• 1962 – Sunanda Pushkar, India-born Canadian businesswoman (d. 2014)
• 1963 – Wendy Alexander, Scottish politician, Minister for Enterprise and Lifelong Learning
• 1963 – Johnny Benson, Jr., American race car driver
• 1963 – Paul Roos, Australian footballer and coach
• 1964 – P. T. Usha, Indian track and field athlete
• 1964 – Stephan Brenninkmeijer, Dutch director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1964 – Chuck Person, American basketball player and coach
• 1965 – Simon Sebag Montefiore, English journalist, historian, and author
• 1965 – Óscar Vega, Spanish boxer
• 1966 – J. J. Abrams, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1966 – Jörg Bergen, German footballer and manager
• 1966 – Aigars Kalvītis, Latvian politician, businessman, and former Prime Minister of Latvia
• 1967 – Jeff Conine, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1967 – Sylvie Fréchette, Canadian swimmer and coach
• 1967 – Vasiliy Kaptyukh, Belarusian discus thrower
• 1967 – Phil Kearns, Australian rugby player and sportscaster
• 1968 – Kelly Ayotte, American lawyer and politician, New Hampshire Attorney General
• 1969 – Viktor Petrenko, Ukrainian figure skater
• 1969 – Draco Rosa, American-born Puerto Rican singer-songwriter and producer (Menudo and Maggie's Dream)
• 1970 – Ahmed Ahmed, Egyptian-American actor and screenwriter
• 1970 – Régine Cavagnoud, French skier (d. 2001)
• 1970 – John Eales, Australian rugby player and businessman
• 1970 – Jim Edmonds, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1971 – Yancey Arias, American actor and producer
• 1971 – Jo Frost, English nanny, television personality, and author
• 1971 – Kieren Keke, Nauruan physician and politician
• 1972 – Dawud Wharnsby, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1973 – George Hincapie, American cyclist
• 1974 – Christian Kane, American singer-songwriter and actor
• 1974 – Christopher O'Neill, English-American businessman
• 1975 – Ace Darling, American wrestler
• 1975 – Sarah Evanetz, Canadian swimmer
• 1975 – Tobey Maguire, American actor
• 1975 – Daryle Ward, American baseball player
• 1976 – Cazwell, American rapper and songwriter
• 1976 – Johnny Estrada, American baseball player
• 1976 – Leigh Nash, American singer-songwriter (Sixpence None the Richer)
• 1977 – Raúl, Spanish footballer
• 1977 – Arkadiusz Radomski, Polish footballer
• 1978 – Apparat, German musician
• 1980 – Hugo Campagnaro, Argentinian footballer
• 1980 – Jennifer Goodridge, American keyboard player (Your Enemies Friends)
• 1980 – Kevin Pietersen, South African cricketer
• 1980 – Craig Terrill, American football player
• 1981 – John Driscoll, American actor
• 1981 – Andrew Embley, Australian footballer
• 1983 – Jim Johnson, American baseball player
• 1983 – Dale Steyn, South African cricketer
• 1984 – Rocío Guirao Díaz, Argentinian model and actress
• 1984 – José Holebas, German-Greek footballer
• 1984 – Gökhan Inler, Swiss footballer
• 1984 – Khloé Kardashian, American model, businesswoman, and radio host
• 1984 – D. J. King, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1985 – James Hook, Welsh rugby player
• 1985 – Svetlana Kuznetsova, Russian tennis player
• 1985 – Nico Rosberg, German race car driver
• 1986 – Drake Bell, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1986 – Bryan Fletcher, American skier
• 1987 – India de Beaufort, English actress
• 1987 – Ed Westwick, English actor
• 1988 – Stefani Bismpikou, Greek gymnast
• 1988 – Matthew Spiranovic, Australian footballer
• 1988 – Kate Ziegler, American swimmer
• 1989 – Hana Birnerová, Czech tennis player
• 1989 – Bruna Tenório, Brazilian model
• 1990 – Campbell Gillies, Scottish jockey (d. 2012)
• 1990 – Taylor Phinney, American cyclist
• 1993 – Johanna Talihärm, Estonian biathlete
• 1994 – Anita Husarić, Bosnian tennis player

Deaths[edit]

• 1162 – Odo II, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1118)
• 1458 – Alfonso V of Aragon (b. 1396)
• 1574 – Giorgio Vasari, Italian historian, painter, and architect (b. 1511)
• 1603 – Jan Dymitr Solikowski, Polish archbishop (b. 1539)
• 1627 – John Hayward, English historian, journalist, and politician (b. 1564)
• 1636 – Date Masamune, Japanese strongman (b. 1567)
• 1655 – Eleonore Gonzaga, Roman wife of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1598)
• 1672 – Roger Twysden, English historian and politician (b. 1597)
• 1720 – Guillaume Amfrye de Chaulieu, French poet and author (b. 1639)
• 1773 – Mentewab, Ethiopian wife of Bakaffa (b. 1706)
• 1794 – Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg (b. 1711)
• 1794 – Anne d'Arpajon, French wife of Philippe de Noailles (b. 1729)
• 1794 – Philippe de Noailles, French general (b. 1715)
• 1827 – Johann Gottfried Eichhorn, German theologian and academic (b. 1754)
• 1829 – James Smithson, English chemist and mineralogist (b. 1765)
• 1831 – Sophie Germain, French mathematician and physicist (b. 1776)
• 1839 – Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire (b. 1780)
• 1844 – Hyrum Smith, American religious leader (b. 1800)
• 1844 – Joseph Smith, American religious leader, founded the Latter Day Saint movement (b. 1805)
• 1878 – Sidney Breese, American jurist and politician (b. 1800)
• 1896 – John Berryman, English soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1825)
• 1905 – Harold Mahony, Scottish-Irish tennis player (b. 1867)
• 1907 – Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz, American educator, co-founded Radcliffe College (b. 1822)
• 1911 – Victor Surridge, English motorcycle racer (b. 1882)
• 1912 – George Bonnor, Australian cricketer (b. 1855)
• 1917 – Karl Allmenröder, German soldier and pilot (b. 1896)
• 1919 – Peter Sturholdt, American boxer (b. 1885)
• 1920 – Adolphe-Basile Routhier, Canadian lawyer and judge (b. 1839)
• 1934 – Francesco Buhagiar, Maltese politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1876)
• 1935 – Eugene Augustin Lauste, French-American inventor (b. 1857)
• 1944 – Milan Hodža, Czech journalist and politician, 10th Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (b. 1878)
• 1946 – Wanda Gág, American author and illustrator (b. 1893)
• 1949 – Frank Smythe, English botanist and mountaineer (b. 1900)
• 1952 – Max Dehn, German-American mathematician and academic (b. 1878)
• 1957 – Hermann Buhl, Austrian soldier and mountaineer (b. 1924)
• 1958 – Ragna Wettergreen, Norwegian actress (b. 1864)
• 1960 – Lottie Dod, English tennis player, golfer, and archer (b. 1871)
• 1962 – Paul Viiding, Estonian author, poet, and critic (b. 1904)
• 1967 – Jaan Lattik, Estonian pastor and politician, 9th Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia (b. 1878)
• 1970 – Daniel Kinsey, American hurdler and scholar (b. 1902)
• 1986 – George Nepia, New Zealand rugby player and referee (b. 1905)
• 1987 – Billy Snedden, Australian lawyer and politician, 17th Attorney-General for Australia (b. 1926)
• 1989 – A. J. Ayer, English philosopher and academic (b. 1910)
• 1991 – Milton Subotsky, American-English screenwriter and producer (b. 1921)
• 1996 – Albert R. Broccoli, American film producer (b. 1909)
• 1998 – Gilles Rocheleau, Canadian businessman and politician (b. 1935)
• 1999 – Georgios Papadopoulos, Greek colonel and politician, 169th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1919)
• 2000 – Pierre Pflimlin, French lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of France (b. 1907)
• 2001 – Tove Jansson, Finnish author, illustrator, and painter (b. 1914)
• 2001 – Jack Lemmon, American actor (b. 1925)
• 2001 – Joan Sims, English actress (b. 1930)
• 2002 – John Entwistle, English singer-songwriter, bass guitarist, and producer (The Who) (b. 1944)
• 2002 – Robert L. J. Long, American admiral (b. 1920)
• 2003 – David Newman, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1937)
• 2004 – George Patton IV, American general (b. 1923)
• 2004 – Darrell Russell, American race car driver (b. 1968)
• 2005 – Shelby Foote, American historian and author (b. 1917)
• 2005 – Ray Holmes, English lieutenant and pilot (b. 1914)
• 2005 – John T. Walton, American businessman, co-founded the Children's Scholarship Fund (b. 1946)
• 2006 – Ángel Maturino Reséndiz, Mexican serial killer (b. 1959)
• 2007 – William Hutt, Canadian actor (b. 1920)
• 2007 – Dragutin Tadijanović, Croatian poet and translator (b. 1905)
• 2008 – Sam Manekshaw, Indian field marshal (b. 1914)
• 2008 – Michael Turner, American author and illustrator (b. 1971)
• 2009 – Fayette Pinkney, American singer (The Three Degrees) (b. 1948)
• 2009 – Gale Storm, American actress and singer (b. 1922)
• 2010 – Corey Allen, American film and television actor, writer, director, and producer (b. 1934)
• 2011 – Mike Doyle, English footballer (b. 1946)
• 2012 – Stan Cox, English runner (b. 1918)
• 2012 – Rosemary Dobson, Australian poet and illustrator (b. 1920)
• 2013 – Stefano Borgonovo, Italian footballer (b. 1964)
• 2013 – Bill Robertson, American businessman and politician (b. 1938)
• 2013 – Ian Scott, English-New Zealand painter (b. 1945)
• 2014 – Edmond Blanchard, Canadian jurist and politician (b. 1954)
• 2014 – Allen Grossman, American poet, critic, and academic (b. 1932)
• 2014 – Leslie Manigat, Haitian educator and politician, 43rd President of Haiti (b. 1930)
• 2014 – Rachid Solh, Lebanese politician, 48th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1926)
• 2014 – Bobby Womack, American singer-songwriter (The Valentinos) (b. 1944)
• 2015 – Zvi Elpeleg, Polish-Israeli diplomat, author, and academic (b. 1926)
• 2015 – Knut Helle, Norwegian historian and professor (b. 1930)
• 2015 – Chris Squire, English bass guitarist, singer, and songwriter (Yes) (b. 1948)

[edit]

• 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosull.
• 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II.
• 1461 – Edward IV is crowned King of England.
• 1519 – Charles V is elected Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
• 1635 – Guadeloupe becomes a French colony.
• 1651 – The Battle of Berestechko between Poland and Ukraine starts.
• 1709 – Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden at the Battle of Poltava
• 1745 – A New England colonial army captures the French fortifications at Louisbourg (New Style).
• 1776 – The Battle of Sullivan's Island ends with the first decisive American victory in the American Revolutionary War leading to the commemoration of Carolina Day.
• 1776 – Thomas Hickey, Continental Army private and bodyguard to General George Washington, is hanged for mutiny and sedition.
• 1778 – The American Continentals engage the British in the Battle of Monmouth Courthouse resulting in standstill and British withdrawal under cover of darkness.
• 1807 – Second British invasion of the Río de la Plata; John Whitelocke lands at Ensenada on an attempt to recapture Buenos Aires and is defeated by the locals.
• 1838 – Coronation of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
• 1841 – The Paris Opera Ballet premieres Giselle in the Salle Le Peletier
• 1846 – Adolphe Sax patents the saxophone
• 1855 – Sigma Chi fraternity is founded in North America.
• 1859 – The first conformation dog show is held in Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
• 1865 – The Army of the Potomac is disbanded.
• 1880 – The Australian bushranger Ned Kelly is captured at Glenrowan.
• 1881 – The Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881 is secretly signed.
• 1882 – The Anglo-French Convention of 1882 marks the territorial boundaries between Guinea and Sierra Leone.
• 1894 – Labor Day becomes an official US holiday.
• 1895 – El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua form the Greater Republic of Central America.
• 1895 – The United States Court of Private Land Claims rules James Reavis' claim to Barony of Arizona is "wholly fictitious and fraudulent."
• 1896 – An explosion in the Newton Coal Company's Twin Shaft Mine in Pittston, Pennsylvania results in a massive cave-in that kills 58 miners.
• 1902 – The U.S. Congress passes the Spooner Act, authorizing President Theodore Roosevelt to acquire rights from Colombia for the Panama Canal.
• 1904 – The SS Norge runs aground and sinks
• 1914 – Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife Sophie are assassinated in Sarajevo by Bosnia Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip, the casus belli of World War I.
• 1919 – The Treaty of Versailles is signed, ending the state of war between Germany and the Allies of World War I.
• 1921 – Serbian King Alexander I proclaims the new constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, known thereafter as the Vidovdan Constitution.
• 1922 – The Irish Civil War begins with the shelling of the Four Courts in Dublin by Free State forces.
• 1926 – Mercedes-Benz is formed by Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz merging their two companies.
• 1936 – The Japanese puppet state of Mengjiang is formed in northern China.
• 1940 – Romania cedes Bessarabia (current-day Moldova) to the Soviet Union after facing an ultimatum.
• 1942 – World War II: Nazi Germany starts its strategic summer offensive against the Soviet Union, codenamed Case Blue
• 1945 – Poland's Soviet-allied Provisional Government of National Unity is formed over a month after V-E Day.
• 1948 – The Tito–Stalin Split results in the expulsion of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia from the Cominform.
• 1948 – Boxer Dick Turpin beats Vince Hawkins at Villa Park in Birmingham to become the first black British boxing champion in the modern era.
• 1950 – Korean War: Seoul is captured by North Korean troops.
• 1950 – Korean War: Suspected communist sympathizers, argued to be between 100,000 and 200,000 are executed in the Bodo League massacre.
• 1950 – Korean War: Packed with its own refugees fleeing Seoul and leaving their 5th Division stranded, South Korean forces blow up the Hangang Bridge to in attempt to slow North Korea's offensive.
• 1950 – Korean War: North Korean Army conducts Seoul National University Hospital Massacre.
• 1956 – in Poznań, workers from HCP factory go to the streets, sparking one of the first major protests against communist government both in Poland and Europe.
• 1964 – Malcolm X forms the Organization of Afro-American Unity.
• 1969 – Stonewall riots begin in New York City, marking the start of the Gay Rights Movement.
• 1973 – Elections are held for the Northern Ireland Assembly, which will lead to power-sharing between unionists and nationalists in Northern Ireland for the first time.
• 1976 – The Angolan court sentences US and UK mercenaries to death sentences and prison terms in the Luanda Trial.
• 1978 – The United States Supreme Court, in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke bars quota systems in college admissions.
• 1981 – A powerful bomb explodes in Tehran, killing 73 officials of the Islamic Republican Party.
• 1987 – For the first time in military history, a civilian population is targeted for chemical attack when Iraqi warplanes bombed the Iranian town of Sardasht.
• 1989 – On the 600th anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo, Slobodan Milošević delivers the Gazimestan speech at the site of the historic battle.
• 1992 – The Constitution of Estonia is signed into law.
• 1994 – Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult release sarin gas in Matsumoto, Japan; Seven people are killed, 660 injured.
• 1996 – The Constitution of Ukraine is signed into law.
• 1997 – Holyfield–Tyson II: Mike Tyson is disqualified in the third round for biting a piece off Evander Holyfield's ear.
• 2001 – Slobodan Milošević is deported to ICTY to stand trial.
• 2004 – Sovereign power is handed to the interim government of Iraq by the Coalition Provisional Authority, ending the U.S.-led rule of that nation.
• 2009 – Honduran president Manuel Zelaya is ousted by a local military coup following a failed request to hold a referendum to rewrite the Honduran Constitution. This was the start of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis.
• 2011 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 1991 relating to Democratic Republic of Congo is adopted.

Births[edit]

• 1444 – Charlotte, Queen of Cyprus (d. 1487)
• 1476 – Pope Paul IV (d. 1559)
• 1490 – Albert of Mainz, German archbishop (d. 1545)
• 1491 – Henry VIII of England (d. 1547)
• 1503 – Giovanni della Casa, Italian author and poet (d. 1556)
• 1547 – Cristofano Malvezzi, Italian organist and composer (d. 1599)
• 1577 – Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish painter and diplomat (d. 1640)
• 1582 – William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele, English politician (d. 1662)
• 1641 – Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien, Polish wife of John III Sobieski (d. 1716)
• 1703 – John Wesley, English cleric and theologian (d. 1791)
• 1712 – Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Swiss philosopher and polymath (d. 1778)
• 1719 – Étienne François, duc de Choiseul, French general and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1785)
• 1734 – Jean-Jacques Beauvarlet-Charpentier, French organist and composer (d. 1794)
• 1742 – William Hooper, American physician, lawyer, and politician (d. 1790)
• 1824 – Paul Broca, French physician, anatomist, and anthropologist (d. 1880)
• 1831 – Joseph Joachim, Austrian violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 1907)
• 1836 – Emmanuel Rhoides, Greek journalist and author (d. 1904)
• 1852 – Charles Cruft, English showman, founded Crufts Dog Show (d. 1938)
• 1867 – Luigi Pirandello, Italian author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1936)
• 1873 – Alexis Carrel, French surgeon and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1944)
• 1875 – Henri Lebesgue, French mathematician and academic (d. 1941)
• 1883 – Pierre Laval, French soldier and politician, 101st Prime Minister of France (d. 1945)
• 1884 – Lamina Sankoh, Sierra Leonean banker and politician (d. 1964)
• 1888 – George Challenor, Barbadian cricketer (d. 1947)
• 1888 – Stefi Geyer, Hungarian violinist and educator (d. 1956)
• 1891 – Esther Forbes, American historian and author (d. 1968)
• 1891 – Carl Panzram, American serial killer (d. 1930)
• 1891 – Carl Andrew Spaatz, American general (d. 1974)
• 1893 – August Zamoyski, Polish-French sculptor (d. 1970)
• 1902 – Richard Rodgers, American playwright and composer (d. 1979)
• 1906 – Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Polish-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1972)
• 1907 – Jimmy Mundy, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1983)
• 1907 – Emily Perry, English actress and dancer (d. 2008)
• 1909 – Eric Ambler, English author and screenwriter (d. 1998)
• 1912 – Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, German physicist and philosopher (d. 2007)
• 1913 – Franz Antel, Austrian director and producer (d. 2007)
• 1913 – George Lloyd, English soldier and composer (d. 1998)
• 1913 – Walter Oesau, German colonel and pilot (d. 1944)
• 1914 – Aribert Heim, Austrian physician (d. 1992)
• 1915 – David "Honeyboy" Edwards, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2011)
• 1916 – Olle Björklund, Swedish actor and journalist (d. 1981)
• 1918 – Maxine Stuart, American actress (d. 2013)
• 1918 – William Whitelaw, 1st Viscount Whitelaw, Scottish-English politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1999)
• 1919 – Joseph P. Lordi, American government official (d. 1983)
• 1920 – A. E. Hotchner, American author and playwright
• 1921 – P. V. Narasimha Rao, Indian lawyer and politician, 9th Prime Minister of India (d. 2004)
• 1922 – Lloyd La Beach, Panamanian sprinter and long jumper (d. 1999)
• 1923 – Pete Candoli, American trumpet player (d. 2008)
• 1923 – Adolfo Schwelm Cruz, Argentinian race car driver (d. 2012)
• 1923 – Gaye Stewart, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2010)
• 1926 – Mel Brooks, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1926 – Mitsugi Ohno, Japanese glassblower (d. 1999)
• 1926 – Robert Ledley, American academic and inventor (d. 2012)
• 1927 – Correlli Barnett, English historian and author
• 1927 – Frank Sherwood Rowland, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)
• 1928 – Hans Blix, Swedish politician and diplomat, 33rd Swedish Minister of Foreign Affairs
• 1928 – Harold Evans, English-American historian and journalist
• 1928 – Peter Heine, South African cricketer (d. 2005)
• 1928 – Cyril Smith, English politician (d. 2010)
• 1930 – William C. Campbell, Irish-American biologist and parasitologist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1930 – Itamar Franco, Brazilian engineer and politician, 33rd President of Brazil (d. 2011)
• 1930 – Jack Gold, English director and producer (d. 2015)
• 1931 – Hans Alfredson, Swedish actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1931 – Junior Johnson, American race car driver
• 1931 – Lucien Victor, Belgian cyclist (d. 1995)
• 1932 – Pat Morita, American actor (d. 2005)
• 1933 – Gusty Spence, Northern Irish politician (d. 2011)
• 1934 – Robert Carswell, Baron Carswell, Northern Irish lawyer and judge, Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland
• 1934 – Roy Gilchrist, Jamaican cricketer (d. 2001)
• 1934 – Bette Greene, American journalist and author
• 1934 – Carl Levin, American lawyer and politician
• 1934 – Georges Wolinski, Tunisian-French journalist and cartoonist (d. 2015)
• 1935 – John Inman, English actor and singer (d. 2007)
• 1936 – Belgin Doruk, Turkish actress (d. 1995)
• 1936 – Chuck Howley, American football player
• 1937 – Richard Bright, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1937 – George Knudson, Canadian golfer (d. 1989)
• 1937 – Fernand Labrie, Canadian endocrinologist and academic
• 1937 – Ron Luciano, American baseball player and umpire (d. 1995)
• 1938 – John Byner, American actor and comedian
• 1938 – Leon Panetta, American lawyer and politician, 23rd United States Secretary of Defense
• 1938 – S. Sivamaharajah, Sri Lankan Tamil newspaper publisher and politician (d. 2006)
• 1939 – Klaus Schmiegel, German chemist
• 1940 – Karpal Singh, Malaysian lawyer and politician (d. 2014)
• 1940 – Muhammad Yunus, Bangladeshi economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1941 – Al Downing, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1941 – Joseph Goguen, American computer scientist and academic, developed the OBJ language (d. 2006)
• 1941 – David Johnston, Canadian academic, lawyer, and politician, 28th Governor-General of Canada
• 1942 – Chris Hani, South African politician (d. 1993)
• 1942 – Hans-Joachim Walde, German decathlete (d. 2013)
• 1942 – Frank Zane, American bodybuilder and actor
• 1943 – Jens Birkemose, Danish painter
• 1943 – Donald Johanson, American paleontologist and academic
• 1943 – Klaus von Klitzing, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1945 – Ken Buchanan, Scottish boxer
• 1945 – David Knights, English bass player and producer (Procol Harum)
• 1945 – Raul Seixas, Brazilian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 1989)
• 1945 – Türkan Şoray, Turkish actress, director, and screenwriter
• 1946 – Robert Asprin, American soldier and author (d. 2008)
• 1946 – Bruce Davison, American actor and director
• 1946 – David Duckham, English rugby player
• 1946 – Jaime Guzmán, Chilean lawyer and politician (d. 1991)
• 1946 – Gilda Radner, American actress and comedian (d. 1989)
• 1946 – Robert Xavier Rodriguez, American composer
• 1947 – Mark Clark, American activist (d. 1969)
• 1947 – Anny Duperey, French actress and author
• 1947 – Mark Helprin, American journalist and author
• 1947 – Laura Tyson, American economist and academic
• 1948 – Kathy Bates, American actress
• 1948 – Sergei Bodrov, Russian-American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1948 – Deborah Moggach, English author and screenwriter
• 1948 – Daniel Wegner, Canadian-American psychologist and academic (d. 2013)
• 1949 – Don Baylor, American baseball player and coach
• 1950 – Philip Fowke, English pianist and educator
• 1950 – David Lanz, American pianist
• 1950 – Mauricio Rojas, Chilean-Swedish economist and politician
• 1950 – Chris Speier, American baseball player and coach
• 1951 – Mick Cronin, Australian rugby league player and coach
• 1951 – Mark Shand, English conservationist and author (d. 2014)
• 1951 – Lalla Ward, English actress and author
• 1952 – Enis Batur, Turkish poet and author
• 1952 – Pietro Mennea, Italian sprinter and politician (d. 2013)
• 1952 – Jean-Christophe Rufin, French physician and author
• 1954 – A. A. Gill, Scottish author and critic
• 1954 – Alice Krige, South African actress and producer
• 1954 – Deborah Grabien, American author
• 1955 – Eric Gates, English footballer and radio host
• 1956 – Amira Hass, Israeli journalist and author
• 1956 – Noel Mugavin, Australian footballer and coach
• 1957 – Lance Nethery, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1957 – Georgi Parvanov, Bulgarian historian and politician, 4th President of Bulgaria
• 1957 – Mike Skinner, American race car driver
• 1957 – Jim Spanarkel, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1958 – Donna Edwards, American lawyer and politician
• 1958 – Félix Gray, Tunisian-French singer-songwriter
• 1959 – Clint Boon, English singer and keyboard player (Inspiral Carpets and The Clint Boon Experience)
• 1960 – John Elway, American football player and manager
• 1960 – Roland Melanson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1961 – Jeff Malone, American basketball player and coach
• 1961 – Eliezer Melamed, Israeli rabbi and author
• 1962 – Anișoara Cușmir-Stanciu, Romanian long jumper
• 1962 – Artur Hajzer, Polish mountaineer (d. 2013)
• 1962 – Ann-Louise Skoglund, Swedish hurdler
• 1963 – Peter Baynham, Welsh actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1963 – Charlie Clouser, American keyboard player, songwriter, and producer (Nine Inch Nails)
• 1964 – Mark Grace, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1964 – Bernie McCahill, New Zealand rugby player
• 1964 – Dan Stains, Australian rugby league player and coach
• 1964 – Steve Williamson, English saxophonist and composer (Jazz Warriors)
• 1965 – Jessica Hecht, American actress
• 1965 – Tiaan Strauss, south African rugby player
• 1966 – Peeter Allik, Estonian painter and illustrator
• 1966 – Bobby Bare, Jr., American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1966 – John Cusack, American actor and screenwriter
• 1966 – Mary Stuart Masterson, American actress
• 1966 – Sara Stewart, Scottish actress
• 1967 – Leona Aglukkaq, Canadian politician, 7th Canadian Minister of Health
• 1967 – Gil Bellows, Canadian actor and producer
• 1967 – Zhong Huandi, Chinese runner
• 1967 – Lars Riedel, German discus thrower
• 1968 – Chayanne, Puerto Rican-American singer-songwriter and actor (Los Chicos)
• 1969 – Tichina Arnold, American actress and singer
• 1969 – Danielle Brisebois, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1969 – Fabrizio Mori, Italian hurdler
• 1970 – Mushtaq Ahmed, Pakistani cricketer and coach
• 1970 – Steve Burton, American actor
• 1970 – Tom Merritt, American journalist
• 1970 – Mike White, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1971 – Lorenzo Amoruso, Italian footballer
• 1971 – Fabien Barthez, French footballer
• 1971 – Bobby Hurley, American basketball player and coach
• 1971 – Ron Mahay, American baseball player and scout
• 1971 – Elon Musk, South African-American businessman
• 1971 – Ray Slijngaard, Dutch rapper (2 Unlimited and Ray & Anita)
• 1972 – Ngô Bảo Châu, Vietnamese-French mathematician and academic
• 1972 – Christopher Leslie, English politician, Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
• 1972 – Alessandro Nivola, American actor
• 1973 – Adrián Annus, Hungarian hammer thrower
• 1973 – Corey Koskie, Canadian baseball player
• 1975 – Jon Nödtveidt, Swedish singer-songwriter, and guitarist (Dissection and Ophthalamia) (d. 2006)
• 1976 – Shinobu Asagoe, Japanese tennis player
• 1977 – Chris Spurling, American baseball player
• 1977 – Mark Stoermer, American bass player, songwriter, and producer (The Killers)
• 1977 – Harun Tekin, Turkish singer and guitarist (Mor ve Ötesi)
• 1978 – Ha Ji-won, South Korean actress and singer
• 1978 – Simon Larose, Canadian tennis player
• 1979 – Randy McMichael, American football player
• 1979 – Neil Shanahan, Irish race car driver (d. 1999)
• 1979 – Florian Zeller, French author and playwright
• 1980 – Jevgeni Novikov, Estonian footballer
• 1981 – Savage, New Zealand rapper (Deceptikonz)
• 1981 – Michael Crafter, Australian singer-songwriter (Confession, I Killed the Prom Queen, Carpathian, and Bury Your Dead)
• 1981 – Guillermo Martínez, Cuban javelin thrower
• 1981 – Brandon Phillips, American baseball player
• 1982 – Ibrahim Camejo, Cuban long jumper
• 1985 – Phil Bardsley, English footballer
• 1985 – Colt Hynes, American baseball player
• 1986 – Kellie Pickler, American singer-songwriter
• 1986 – Suzuko Mimori, Japanese voice actress and singer
• 1987 – Sonata Tamošaitytė, Lithuanian hurdler
• 1987 – Bailey Tzuke, English singer-songwriter
• 1987 – Terrence Williams, American basketball player
• 1989 – Jason Clark, Australian rugby league player
• 1989 – Andrew Fifita, Australian rugby league player
• 1989 – David Fifita, Australian rugby league player
• 1989 – Julia Zlobina, Russian-Azerbaijani figure skater
• 1989 – Nicole Rottmann, Austrian tennis player
• 1991 – Seohyun, South Korean singer, dancer, and actress (Girls' Generation and Girls' Generation-TTS)
• 1991 – Kevin De Bruyne, Belgian footballer
• 1991 – Kang Min-hyuk, South Korean singer, drummer, and actor (CN Blue)
• 1991 – Joe McKeehen, 2015 WSOP Main Event Champion
• 1992 – Oscar Hiljemark, Swedish footballer
• 1993 – Bradley Beal, American basketball player
• 1996 – Donna Vekić, Croatian tennis player
• 1999 – Markéta Vondroušová, Czech tennis player

Deaths[edit]

• 202 – Yuan Shao, Chinese warlord
• 548 – Theodora I, Byzantine wife of Justinian I (b. 500)
• 572 – Alboin, Lombard king (b. 530)
• 683 – Pope Leo II (b. 611)
• 767 – Pope Paul I (b. 700)
• 928 – Louis the Blind, Roman emperor (b. 880)
• 1061 – Floris I, Count of Holland (b. 1020)
• 1175 – Andrey Bogolyubsky, Russian saint (b. 1111)
• 1189 – Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony (b. 1156)
• 1194 – Emperor Xiaozong of Song (b. 1127)
• 1385 – Andronikos IV Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1348)
• 1586 – Primož Trubar, Slovenian author and reformer (b. 1508)
• 1598 – Abraham Ortelius, Flemish cartographer and geographer (b. 1527)
• 1716 – George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Berkshire (b. 1665)
• 1798 – John Henry Colclough, Irish revolutionary (b. ca. 1769)
• 1813 – Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Prussian general and politician, Prussian Minister of War (b. 1755)
• 1834 – Joseph Bové, Russian architect, designed the Triumphal Arch of Moscow (b. 1784)
• 1836 – James Madison, American academic and politician, 4th President of the United States (b. 1751)
• 1880 – Texas Jack Omohundro, American soldier and hunter (b. 1846)
• 1881 – Jules Armand Dufaure, French politician, 33rd Prime Minister of France (b. 1798)
• 1889 – Maria Mitchell, American astronomer and academic (b. 1818)
• 1892 – Alexandros Rizos Rangavis, Greek poet and politician, Greek Foreign Minister (b. 1810)
• 1913 – Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 4th President of Brazil (b. 1841)
• 1914 – Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg (b. 1868)
• 1914 – Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (b. 1863)
• 1915 – Victor Trumper, Australian cricketer (b. 1877)
• 1917 – Ștefan Luchian, Romanian painter and educator (b. 1868)
• 1922 – Velimir Khlebnikov, Russian poet and playwright (b. 1885)
• 1929 – Edward Carpenter, English poet and philosopher (b. 1844)
• 1936 – Alexander Berkman, American author and activist (d. 1870)
• 1939 – Douglas H. Johnston, last governor of the Chickasaw Nation (b. 1856)
• 1945 – Yunus Nadi Abalıoğlu, Turkish journalist (d. 1879)
• 1960 – Jake Swirbul, American businessman, co-founded the Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation (b. 1898)
• 1962 – Mickey Cochrane, American baseball player and manager (b. 1903)
• 1962 – Cy Morgan, American baseball player (b. 1878)
• 1965 – Red Nichols, American cornet player, bandleader, and composer (The California Ramblers) (b. 1905)
• 1966 – Mehmet Fuat Köprülü, Turkish historian and politician, 21st Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1890)
• 1971 – Franz Stangl, Austrian SS officer (b. 1908)
• 1975 – Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis, Greek architect (b. 1913)
• 1975 – Rod Serling, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1924)
• 1976 – Stanley Baker, Welsh actor and producer (b. 1927)
• 1978 – Clifford Dupont, English-Rhodesian lawyer and politician, 1st President of Rhodesia (b. 1905)
• 1980 – José Iturbi, Spanish pianist and conductor (Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra) (b. 1895)
• 1981 – Terry Fox, Canadian runner and activist (b. 1958)
• 1983 – Alf Francis, West Prussia-born, English motor racing mechanic and racing car constructor (b. 1918)
• 1984 – Yigael Yadin, Israeli archeologist, general, and politician (b. 1917)
• 1985 – Lambros Konstantaras, Greek actor and singer (b. 1913)
• 1985 – Lynd Ward, American author and illustrator (b. 1905)
• 1989 – Joris Ivens, Dutch journalist, director, and producer (b. 1898)
• 1992 – Guy Nève, Belgian race car driver (b. 1955)
• 1992 – Mikhail Tal, Latvian chess player (b. 1936)
• 1993 – GG Allin, American singer-songwriter (The Murder Junkies and The Jabbers) (b. 1956)
• 1995 – Petri Walli, Finnish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Kingston Wall) (b. 1969)
• 2000 – Jane Birdwood, Baroness Birdwood, Canadian-English publisher and politician (b. 1913)
• 2000 – Nils Poppe, Swedish actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1908)
• 2001 – Mortimer J. Adler, American philosopher and author (b. 1902)
• 2001 – Joan Sims, English actress (b. 1930)
• 2003 – Joan Lowery Nixon, American journalist and author (b. 1927)
• 2004 – Anthony Buckeridge, English author (b. 1912)
• 2005 – Matthew Axelson, American soldier and sniper (b. 1976)
• 2005 – Brenda Howard, American activist (b. 1946)
• 2005 – Michael P. Murphy, American lieutenant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1976)
• 2006 – Jim Baen, American publisher, founded Baen Books (b. 1943)
• 2006 – George Page, American television host and producer (b. 1935)
• 2006 – Peter Rawlinson, Baron Rawlinson of Ewell, English lawyer and politician, Attorney General for England and Wales (b. 1919)
• 2006 – George Unwin, English pilot and commander (b. 1913)
• 2007 – Eugene B. Fluckey, American admiral, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1913)
• 2007 – Kiichi Miyazawa, Japanese lawyer and politician, 78th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1919)
• 2009 – A. K. Lohithadas, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1955)
• 2010 – Robert Byrd, American lawyer and politician (b. 1917)
• 2011 – Angélico Vieira, Portuguese singer and actor (D'ZRT) (b. 1982)
• 2012 – Richard Isay, American psychiatrist and author (b. 1934)
• 2012 – Ivan Karp, American art dealer (b. 1928)
• 2012 – Leontine T. Kelly, American bishop (b. 1920)
• 2012 – Zhang Ruifang, Chinese actress (b. 1918)
• 2012 – Robert Sabatier, French author and poet (b. 1923)
• 2012 – Doris Sams, American baseball player (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Ted Hood, American sailor and architect (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Tamás Katona, Hungarian historian and politician (b. 1932)
• 2013 – Kenneth Minogue, New Zealand-Australian political scientist and academic (b. 1930)
• 2013 – F.D. Reeve, American author and academic (b. 1928)
• 2013 – David Rubitsky, American sergeant (b. 1917)
• 2014 – Seymour Barab, American cellist and composer (b. 1921)
• 2014 – Jim Brosnan, American baseball player (b. 1929)
• 2014 – On Kawara, Japanese painter (b. 1933)
• 2014 – Meshach Taylor, American actor (b. 1947)
• 2015 – Jack Carter, American actor and comedian (b. 1922)
• 2015 – Jope Seniloli, Fijian politician, Vice-President of Fiji (b. 1939)
• 2015 – Wally Stanowski, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1919)

Spaghetti western star Bud Spencer dies

Image copyrightEPA

Italian actor and filmmaker Bud Spencer, who starred in a number of spaghetti westerns, has died aged 86.

He passed away peacefully on Monday in Rome "and did not suffer from pain", his son said.

Spencer, whose real name was Carlo Pedersoli, was known among his fans as the "big friendly giant" of the screen because of his height and weight.

The actor, who was also a professional swimmer, appeared in more than 20 films from the 1950s to the 1980s.

He frequently appeared as part of a double act alongside Terence Hill - whose real name was Mario Girotti.

Spencer's movies included Double Trouble, Go For It, Ace High, They Call Me Trinity and A Friend is a Treasure. 

"With our deepest regrets, we have to tell you that Bud is flying to his next journey," Spencer's family said on his Twitter account.

The actor's son, Giuseppe Pedersoli, added: "He had all of us next to him and his last words were 'Thank you'."

Paying tribute to the actor, Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi tweeted: "Ciao #BudSpencer We loved you so much."

Image copyrightREX FEATURES

Hollywood star Russell Crowe said: "RIP Bud Spencer. My heart goes out to your family."

The actor was a known fan of Spencer's work - at the Cannes Film Festival earlier this year he thanked a journalist for comparing his double act with Ryan Gosling in The Nice Guys to Spencer and Terence Hill.

Crowe said: "Dude, now you're talking. That's a really flattering compliment, thank you very much."

Spencer was born in the southern Italian city of Naples in 1929, but later moved to Rome, where he became a promising swimmer.

In 1950, he became the first Italian to swim 100m in under one minute.

He later abandoned his sporting career and began acting in westerns and comedy films - appearing alongside Hill in 16 films.

The actor said he chose his name as a tribute to his favourite beer Budweiser and US actor Spencer Tracy.

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• Υδρα: Για... μεγάλο Σαββατοκύριακο

• Κέρκυρα: Για κοσμοπολίτες 

• Μύκονος: Για ακραία πάρτι και 5άστερα ξενοδοχεία

• Κεφαλονιά: Για οικογενειακές διακοπές

• Σαντορίνη: Ιδανική για μήνα του μέλιτος

• Σύμη: Αψεγάδιαστα γραφική

• Κρήτη: Αρχαιότητες, περιπέτειες και ηλιόλουστη όλο το χρόνο

• Νάξος: Για ατελείωτες αμμουδιές

• Τήνος: Παραδοσιακά χωριά και απίθανες ταβέρνες

• Ανδρος: Για οικολογικές διακοπές με ή χωρίς παιδιά

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• Το φεστιβάλ διπλασιάστηκε σε διάρκεια, από 2 σε 4 μέρες
• Στο πρόγραμμα συμμετείχαν συνεισφέροντας με τις δικές τους εκδηλώσεις μια σειρά από συνεργαζόμενες οργανώσεις: Σωματείο Υποστήριξης Διεμφυλικών, Θετική Φωνή, Ulysses, Διεθνής Αμνηστία, Thessaloniki Rainbow Youth, HOMOphonia, 11528-Δίπλα σου
• Ενισχύθηκε η διεθνής διάσταση του Thessaloniki Pride με υπερδιπλάσιες διεθνείς συμμετοχές από το εξωτερικό και ένα διεθνές συνέδριο από 26 ως 30 Ιουνίου 2016 με στόχο την υλοποίηση ενός περιφερειακού θεσμού pride στη ΝΑ Ευρώπη.