[edit]

• 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies.
• 356 – Emperor Constantius II issues a decree closing all pagan temples in the Roman Empire.
• 1594 – Having already inherited the throne of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth through his mother Catherine Jagiellon of Poland in 1587, Sigismund III of the House of Vasa is crowned King of Sweden, having succeeded his father John III of Sweden in 1592.
• 1600 – The Peruvian stratovolcano Huaynaputina explodes in the most violent eruption in the recorded history of South America.
• 1649 – The Second Battle of Guararapes takes place, effectively ending Dutch colonization efforts in Brazil.
• 1674 – England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster, ending the Third Anglo-Dutch War. A provision of the agreement transfers the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam to England, and it is renamed New York.
• 1726 – The Supreme Privy Council is established in Russia.
• 1807 – Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr is arrested for treason in Wakefield, Alabama and confined to Fort Stoddert.
• 1819 – British explorer William Smith discovers the South Shetland Islands, and claims them in the name of King George III.
• 1846 – In Austin, Texas the newly formed Texas state government is officially installed. The Republic of Texas government officially transfers power to the State of Texas government following the annexation of Texas by the United States.
• 1847 – The first group of rescuers reaches the Donner Party.
• 1859 – Daniel E. Sickles, a New York Congressman, is acquitted of murder on grounds of temporary insanity. This is the first time this defense is successfully used in the United States.
• 1878 – Thomas Edison patents the phonograph.
• 1884 – More than sixty tornadoes strike the Southern United States, one of the largest tornado outbreaks in U.S. history.
• 1913 – Pedro Lascuráin becomes President of Mexico for 45 minutes; this is the shortest term to date of any person as president of any country.
• 1915 – World War I: The first naval attack on the Dardanelles begins when a strong Anglo-French task force bombards Ottoman artillery along the coast of Gallipoli.
• 1937 – Yekatit 12: During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace (the former Imperial residence) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, two Ethiopian nationalists of Eritrean origin attempt to kill viceroy Rodolfo Graziani with a number of grenades.
• 1942 – World War II: Nearly 250 Japanese warplanes attack the northern Australian city of Darwin killing 243 people.
• 1942 – World War II: United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the executive order 9066, allowing the United States military to relocate Japanese Americans to internment camps.
• 1943 – World War II: Battle of Kasserine Pass in Tunisia begins.
• 1945 – World War II: Battle of Iwo Jima: About 30,000 United States Marines land on the island of Iwo Jima.
• 1948 – The Conference of Youth and Students of Southeast Asia Fighting for Freedom and Independence convenes in Calcutta.
• 1949 – Ezra Pound is awarded the first Bollingen Prize in poetry by the Bollingen Foundation and Yale University.
• 1953 – Censorship: Georgia approves the first literature censorship board in the United States.
• 1959 – The United Kingdom grants Cyprus independence, which is then formally proclaimed on August 16, 1960.
• 1960 – China successfully launches the T-7, its first sounding rocket.
• 1963 – The publication of Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique reawakens the feminist movement in the United States as women's organizations and consciousness raising groups spread.
• 1965 – Colonel Phạm Ngọc Thảo of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, and a communist spy of the North Vietnamese Viet Minh, along with Generals Lâm Văn Phát and Trần Thiện Khiêm attempted a coup against the military junta of Nguyễn Khánh.
• 1972 – The Asama-Sansō hostage standoff begins in Japan.
• 1976 – Executive Order 9066, which led to the relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps, is rescinded by President Gerald R. Ford's Proclamation 4417
• 1978 – Egyptian forces raid Larnaca International Airport in an attempt to intervene in a hijacking, without authorisation from the Republic of Cyprus authorities. The Cypriot National Guard and Police forces kill 15 Egyptian commandos and destroy the Egyptian C-130 transport plane in open combat.
• 1985 – William J. Schroeder becomes the first recipient of an artificial heart to leave hospital.
• 1985 – Iberia Airlines Boeing 727 crashes into Mount Oiz in Spain, killing 148.
• 1985 – EastEnders, BBC's flagship soap opera, broadcasts for the first time.
• 1986 – Akkaraipattu massacre: the Sri Lankan Army massacres 80 Tamil farm workers in the eastern province of Sri Lanka.
• 2001 – The Oklahoma City bombing museum is dedicated at the Oklahoma City National Memorial.
• 2002 – NASA's Mars Odyssey space probe begins to map the surface of Mars using its thermal emission imaging system.
• 2003 – An Ilyushin Il-76 military aircraft crashes near Kerman, Iran, killing 275.
• 2006 – A methane explosion in a coal mine near Nueva Rosita, Mexico, kills 65 miners.
• 2011 – The debut exhibition of the Belitung shipwreck, containing the largest collection of Tang dynasty artefacts found in one location, begins in Singapore.
• 2012 – Forty-four people are killed in a prison brawl in Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico.

Births[edit]

• 1473 – Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish mathematician and astronomer (d. 1543)
• 1526 – Carolus Clusius, Flemish botanist and academic (d. 1609)
• 1552 – Melchior Klesl, Austrian cardinal (d. 1630)
• 1630 – Chhatrapati Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire (d. 1680)
• 1660 – Friedrich Hoffmann, German physician and chemist (d. 1742)
• 1717 – David Garrick, English actor, playwright, and producer (d. 1779)
• 1743 – Luigi Boccherini, Italian cellist and composer (d. 1805)
• 1798 – Allan MacNab, Canadian soldier, lawyer, and politician, Premier of Canada West (d. 1862)
• 1800 – Émilie Gamelin, Canadian nun, founded the Sisters of Providence (d. 1851)
• 1802 – Wilhelm Matthias Naeff, Swiss politician (d. 1881)
• 1804 – Carl von Rokitansky, German physician, pathologist, and philosopher (d. 1878)
• 1804 – David Wark, Irish-Canadian merchant and politician (d. 1905)
• 1821 – August Schleicher, German linguist and academic (d. 1868)
• 1824 – Henri Germain, French banker and politician, founded Crédit Lyonnais (d. 1905)
• 1833 – Élie Ducommun, Swiss journalist and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1906)
• 1843 – Adelina Patti, Spanish-Welsh soprano (d. 1919)
• 1855 – Nishinoumi Kajirō I, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 16th Yokozuna (d. 1908)
• 1859 – Svante Arrhenius, Swedish physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1927)
• 1865 – Sven Hedin, Swedish geographer and explorer (d. 1952)
• 1869 – Hovhannes Tumanyan, Armenian-Russian poet and author (d. 1923)
• 1871 – Lugenia Burns Hope, American activist (d. 1947)
• 1872 – Johan Pitka, Estonian admiral (d. 1944)
• 1876 – Constantin Brâncuși, Romanian-French sculptor and photographer (d. 1957)
• 1877 – Gabriele Münter, German painter (d. 1962)
• 1878 – Harriet Bosse, Swedish–Norwegian actress (d. 1961)
• 1880 – Álvaro Obregón, Mexican general and politician, 39th President of Mexico (d. 1928)
• 1886 – José Abad Santos, Filipino lawyer and jurist, 5th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines (d. 1942)
• 1888 – José Eustasio Rivera, Colombian lawyer and poet (d. 1928)
• 1888 – Aurora Quezon, Filipino wife of Manuel L. Quezon, 2nd First Lady of the Philippines (d. 1949)
• 1893 – Cedric Hardwicke, English-American actor and director (d. 1964)
• 1895 – Louis Calhern, American actor and singer (d. 1956)
• 1895 – Diego Mazquiarán, Spanish bullfighter (d. 1940)
• 1896 – André Breton, French poet and author (d. 1966)
• 1897 – Alma Rubens, American actress (d. 1931)
• 1899 – Lucio Fontana, Italian-Argentinian painter and sculptor (d. 1968)
• 1899 – Yury Olesha, Russian author and playwright (d. 1960)
• 1901 – Florence Green, English soldier (d. 2012)
• 1902 – Kay Boyle, American novelist, short story writer, poet, and essayist (d. 1992)
• 1903 – Louis Slobodkin, American author and illustrator (d. 1975)
• 1904 – Havank, Dutch journalist and author (d. 1964)
• 1904 – Elisabeth Welch, American singer, actress and entertainer (d. 2003)
• 1906 – Eugene Eisenmann, Panamanian-American lawyer and ornithologist (d. 1981)
• 1910 – Dorothy Janis, American actress (d. 2010)
• 1911 – Merle Oberon, Indian-American actress (d. 1979)
• 1912 – Saul Chaplin, American composer and director (d. 1997)
• 1913 – Prince Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza (d. 2007)
• 1914 – Jacques Dufilho, French actor (d. 2005)
• 1915 – John Freeman, English lawyer, politician, and diplomat, British Ambassador to the United States (d. 2014)
• 1916 – Eddie Arcaro, American jockey and sportscaster (d. 1997)
• 1917 – Carson McCullers, American novelist, playwright, essayist, and poet (d. 1967)
• 1920 – C. Z. Guest, American fashion designer and author (d. 2003)
• 1920 – Jaan Kross, Estonian author and poet (d. 2007)
• 1920 – George Rose, English actor and singer (d. 1988)
• 1922 – Władysław Bartoszewski, Polish journalist and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2015)
• 1924 – David Bronstein, Ukrainian chess player (d. 2006)
• 1924 – Lee Marvin, American actor (d. 1987)
• 1924 – Bruce Norris, American businessman (d. 1986)
• 1926 – György Kurtág, Hungarian composer and academic
• 1926 – Ross Thomas, American soldier author (d. 1995)
• 1927 – Philippe Boiry, French journalist (d. 2014)
• 1929 – Jacques Deray, French director and screenwriter (d. 2003)
• 1930 – John Frankenheimer, American director and producer (d. 2002)
• 1930 – Kasinathuni Viswanath, Indian actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1932 – Joseph P. Kerwin, American captain, physician, and astronaut
• 1934 – Pierre Barouh, French singer-songwriter and actor
• 1935 – Dave Niehaus, American sportscaster (d. 2010)
• 1936 – Sam Myers, American singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
• 1937 – Terry Carr, American author and educator (d. 1987)
• 1937 – David Margulies, American actor (d. 2016)
• 1937 – Alan Munro, Indian-English immunologist and academic
• 1937 – Boris Pugo, Latvian politician, Minister of Interior of the Soviet Union (d. 1991)
• 1937 – Robert Walker, American guitarist
• 1938 – Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama (d. 1989)
• 1938 – Dutch Mason, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2006)
• 1939 – Erin Pizzey, English activist and author, founded Refuge
• 1940 – Saparmurat Niyazov, Turkmen engineer and politician, 1st President of Turkmenistan (d. 2006)
• 1940 – Smokey Robinson, American singer-songwriter and producer (The Miracles)
• 1940 – Bobby Rogers, American singer-songwriter (The Miracles) (d. 2013)
• 1941 – David Gross, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1941 – Jenny Tonge, Baroness Tonge, English politician
• 1942 – Paul Krause, American football player
• 1942 – Howard Stringer, Welsh-American businessman
• 1942 – Will Provine, American biologist, historian, and academic (d. 2015)
• 1943 – Lou Christie, American singer-songwriter
• 1943 – Homer Hickam, American author and engineer
• 1943 – Tim Hunt, English biochemist and academic, Nobel laureate
• 1944 – Les Hinton, English-American journalist and businessman
• 1945 – Yuri Antonov, Uzbek-Russian singer-songwriter
• 1945 – Michael Nader, American actor
• 1946 – Paul Dean, Canadian guitarist (Loverboy and Streetheart)
• 1946 – Barry Everitt, English neuroscientist and academic
• 1946 – Hiroshi Fujioka, Japanese actor
• 1946 – Peter Hudson, Australian footballer and coach
• 1946 – Karen Silkwood, American technician and activist (d. 1974)
• 1947 – Tim Shadbolt, New Zealand politician, 42nd Mayor of Invercargill
• 1948 – Mark Andes, American singer-songwriter and bass player (Spirit, Firefall, Jo Jo Gunne, and Heart)
• 1948 – Pim Fortuyn, Dutch sociologist, academic, and politician (d. 2002)
• 1948 – Tony Iommi, English guitarist and songwriter (Black Sabbath, Heaven & Hell, Velvett Fogg, and Mythology)
• 1948 – Big John Studd, American wrestler and actor (d. 1995)
• 1949 – Danielle Bunten Berry, American game designer and programmer (d. 1998)
• 1949 – Eddie Hardin, English singer-songwriter and pianist (The Spencer Davis Group and Axis Point) (d. 2015)
• 1949 – William Messner-Loebs, American author and illustrator
• 1950 – Juice Leskinen, Finnish singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
• 1950 – Andy Powell, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Wishbone Ash)
• 1951 – Stephen Nichols, American actor and director
• 1951 – Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri, Pakistani scholar and politician, founded Minhaj-ul-Quran
• 1952 – Rodolfo Neri Vela, Mexican engineer and astronaut
• 1952 – Amy Tan, American author
• 1952 – Danilo Türk, Slovene academic and politician, 3rd President of Slovenia
• 1953 – Corrado Barazzutti, Italian tennis player
• 1953 – Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, Argentinian lawyer and politician, 52nd President of Argentina
• 1953 – Bill Kirchenbauer American comedian and actor
• 1953 – Massimo Troisi, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1994)
• 1954 – Messaouda Boubaker, Tunisian writer
• 1954 – Francis Buchholz, German bass player (Scorpions and Michael Schenker Group)
• 1954 – Michael Gira, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Swans, Angels of Light, The World of Skin, and Circus Mort)
• 1954 – Sócrates, Brazilian footballer and manager (d. 2011)
• 1955 – Jeff Daniels, American actor
• 1956 – Kathleen Beller, American actress
• 1956 – Peter Holsapple, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The dB's and The Continental Drifters)
• 1956 – Roderick MacKinnon, American biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1956 – Dave Wakeling, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Beat and General Public)
• 1957 – Falco, Austrian singer-songwriter (d. 1998)
• 1957 – Lorianne Crook, American radio and television host
• 1957 – Ray Winstone, English actor
• 1958 – Helen Fielding, English author and screenwriter
• 1958 – Pierre-Loup Rajot, French actor and director
• 1959 – Roger Goodell, American businessman
• 1960 – Prince Andrew, Duke of York
• 1960 – John Paul, Jr., American race car driver
• 1961 – Benoît Chamoux, French mountaineer (d. 1995)
• 1961 – Justin Fashanu, English footballer (d. 1998)
• 1961 – Andy Wallace, English race car driver
• 1962 – Hana Mandlíková, Czech-Australian tennis player and coach
• 1963 – Seal, English singer-songwriter
• 1963 – Laurell K. Hamilton, American author
• 1963 – Jessica Tuck, American actress
• 1964 – Doug Aldrich, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Whitesnake, Burning Rain, Hurricane, Bad Moon Rising, Lion, and Dio)
• 1964 – Jonathan Lethem, American author
• 1964 – Dmitri Lipskerov, Russian author and playwright
• 1964 – Richard A. Scott, American author and illustrator
• 1965 – Leroy, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Smash Mouth)
• 1965 – Jon Fishman, American drummer (Phish, Pork Tornado, and Surrender to the Air)
• 1965 – Andy Jameson, English swimmer and sportscaster
• 1966 – Justine Bateman, American writer, producer and actress
• 1966 – Enzo Scifo, Belgian footballer and manager
• 1966 – Eduardo Xol, American designer and author
• 1967 – Benicio del Toro, Puerto Rican-American actor, director, and producer
• 1968 – Frank Watkins, American bass player (Obituary and Gorgoroth) (d. 2015)
• 1968 – Prince Markie Dee, American rapper, songwriter, and actor (The Fat Boys)
• 1969 – Burton C. Bell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Fear Factory, Ascension of the Watchers, City of Fire, and GZR)
• 1969 – Helena Guergis, Canadian politician
• 1970 – Joacim Cans, Swedish singer-songwriter (HammerFall and Warlord)
• 1971 – Miguel Batista, Dominican baseball player and poet
• 1971 – Jeff Kinney, American author and illustrator
• 1972 – Francine Fournier, American wrestler and manager
• 1972 – Nao Ōmori, Japanese actor
• 1973 – Eric Lange, American actor
• 1973 – Nikos Oikonomou, Greek basketball player and coach
• 1974 – Danny Doring, American wrestler
• 1975 – Daniel Adair, Canadian drummer and producer (Nickelback and 3 Doors Down)
• 1975 – Daewon Song, South Korean-American skateboarder, co-founded Almost Skateboards
• 1977 – Ola Salo, Swedish singer-songwriter and keyboard player (The Ark)
• 1977 – Andrew Ross Sorkin, American journalist and author
• 1977 – Gianluca Zambrotta, Italian footballer and manager
• 1978 – Ben Gummer, English scholar and politician
• 1978 – Michalis Konstantinou, Cypriot footballer
• 1978 – Stephanie Waring, English actress
• 1979 – Steve Cherundolo, American soccer player and manager
• 1979 – Mariana Ochoa, Mexican singer and actress (OV7)
• 1979 – René Renno, German footballer
• 1980 – Dwight Freeney, American football player
• 1980 – Spyridon Gianniotis, Greek swimmer
• 1980 – Mike Miller, American basketball player
• 1981 – Beth Ditto, American singer-songwriter (Gossip)
• 1981 – Kyle Martino, American soccer player
• 1981 – Gil Reyes, American boxer
• 1981 – Nicky Shorey, English footballer
• 1981 – Baiba Skride, Latvian classical violinist
• 1982 – Camelia Potec, Romanian swimmer
• 1983 – Kotoōshū Katsunori, Bulgarian sumo wrestler
• 1983 – Mika Nakashima, Japanese singer and actress
• 1983 – Ryan Whitney, American ice hockey player
• 1984 – Chris Richardson, American singer-songwriter
• 1985 – Haylie Duff, American actress and singer
• 1985 – Sławomir Peszko, Polish footballer
• 1986 – Kyle Chipchura, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1986 – Björn Gustafsson, Swedish comedian and actor
• 1986 – Reon Kadena, Japanese model and actress
• 1986 – Henri Karjalainen, Finnish race car driver
• 1986 – Maria Mena, Norwegian singer-songwriter
• 1986 – Michael Schwimer, American baseball player
• 1986 – Marta Vieira da Silva, Brazilian footballer
• 1987 – Vanesa Furlanetto, Argentinian tennis player
• 1988 – Miyu Irino, Japanese voice actor
• 1988 – Shawn Matthias, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1988 – Seth Morrison, American guitarist (Skillet)
• 1991 – Trevor Bayne, American race car driver
• 1992 – Sander Pärn, Estonian race car driver
• 1992 – Jelena Simić, Bosnian tennis player
• 1993 – Martín Alaníz, Uruguayan footballer
• 1993 – Mauro Icardi, Argentinian footballer
• 1993 – Victoria Justice, American actress
• 1994 – Tiina Trutsi, Estonian footballer
• 1998 – Katharina Gerlach, German tennis player
• 2001 – David Mazouz, American actor

Deaths[edit]

• 197 – Clodius Albinus, Roman usurper (b. 150)
• 1133 – Irene Doukaina, Byzantine wife of Alexios I Komnenos (b. 1066)
• 1553 – Erasmus Reinhold, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1511)
• 1605 – Orazio Vecchi, Italian composer (b. 1550)
• 1602 – Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur (b. 1558)
• 1620 – Roemer Visscher, Dutch merchant and author (b. 1547)
• 1622 – Henry Savile, English scholar and politician (b. 1549)
• 1663 – Adam Adami, German bishop (b. 1603)
• 1672 – Charles Chauncy, English-American minister, theologian, and academic (b. 1592)
• 1709 – Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Japanese shogun (b. 1646)
• 1716 – Dorothe Engelbretsdatter, Norwegian author and poet (b. 1634)
• 1789 – Nicholas Van Dyke, American lawyer and politician, 7th Governor of Delaware (b. 1738)
• 1799 – Jean-Charles de Borda, French mathematician, physicist, and sailor (b. 1733)
• 1806 – Elizabeth Carter, English poet and translator (b. 1717)
• 1837 – Georg Büchner, German-Swiss poet and playwright (b. 1813)
• 1837 – Thomas Burgess, English bishop and philosopher (b. 1756)
• 1887 – Multatuli, Dutch-German author (b. 1820)
• 1897 – Karl Weierstrass, German mathematician and academic (b. 1815)
• 1915 – Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Indian philosopher and politician (b. 1866)
• 1916 – Ernst Mach, Austrian-Czech physicist and philosopher (b. 1838)
• 1927 – Robert Fuchs, Austrian composer and educator (b. 1847)
• 1936 – Charles Harding Firth, English historian and academic (b. 1857)
• 1936 – Billy Mitchell, American general and pilot (b. 1879)
• 1942 – Frank Abbandando, American gangster (b. 1910)
• 1945 – John Basilone, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1916)
• 1951 – André Gide, French novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869)
• 1952 – Knut Hamsun, Norwegian author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859)
• 1957 – Maurice Garin, Italian-French cyclist (b. 1871)
• 1959 – Willard Miller, American sailor, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1877)
• 1962 – Georgios Papanikolaou, Greek-American pathologist, invented the Pap smear (b. 1883)
• 1968 – Georg Hackenschmidt, Estonian-English strongman and wrestler (b. 1877)
• 1969 – Madge Blake, American actress (b. 1899)
• 1972 – John Grierson, Scottish-English director and producer (b. 1898)
• 1972 – Lee Morgan, American trumpet player and composer (b. 1938)
• 1972 – Tedd Pierce, American animator, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1906)
• 1972 – Ulaş Bardakçı, Turkish socialist revolutionary (b. 1947)
• 1973 – Kostas Negrepontis, Greek footballer and manager (b. 1897)
• 1973 – Joseph Szigeti, Hungarian violinist (b. 1892)
• 1977 – Anthony Crosland, English captain and politician, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (b. 1918)
• 1977 – Mike González, Cuban baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1890)
• 1980 – Bon Scott, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter (AC/DC, The Valentines, Fraternity, and The Spektors) (b. 1946)
• 1983 – Alice White, American actress and singer (b. 1904)
• 1986 – Adolfo Celi, Italian actor and director (b. 1922)
• 1988 – André Frédéric Cournand, French-American physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)
• 1992 – Tojo Yamamoto, American wrestler and manager (b. 1927)
• 1993 – Yaman Okay, Turkish actor (b. 1951)
• 1994 – Derek Jarman, English director and set designer (b. 1942)
• 1996 – Charlie Finley, American businessman (b. 1918)
• 1997 – Frank Delfino, American actor (b. 1911)
• 1997 – Leo Rosten, Polish-American author and academic (b. 1908)
• 1997 – Deng Xiaoping, Chinese politician, 1st Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China (b. 1904)
• 1998 – Grandpa Jones, American singer-songwriter and banjo player (b. 1913)
• 1999 – Mohammad Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr, Iraqi cleric (b. 1943)
• 2000 – Friedensreich Hundertwasser, Austrian-New Zealand painter and illustrator (b. 1928)
• 2001 – Stanley Kramer, American director and producer (b. 1913)
• 2001 – Charles Trenet, French singer-songwriter (b. 1913)
• 2002 – Sylvia Rivera, American activist (b. 1951)
• 2003 – Johnny Paycheck, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1938)
• 2007 – Janet Blair, American actress and singer (b. 1921)
• 2007 – Celia Franca, English-Canadian dancer and director, founded the National Ballet of Canada (b. 1921)
• 2008 – Yegor Letov, Russian singer-songwriter (Grazhdanskaya Oborona) (b. 1964)
• 2008 – Lydia Shum, Chinese-Hong Kong actress and singer (b. 1945)
• 2009 – Kelly Groucutt, English singer and bass player (Electric Light Orchestra and ELO Part II) (b. 1945)
• 2010 – Jamie Gillis, American porn actor and director (b. 1943)
• 2010 – Laura Spurr, American nurse and tribal leader (b. 1945)
• 2011 – Ollie Matson, American sprinter and football player (b. 1930)
• 2012 – Robin Corbett, Baron Corbett of Castle Vale, Australian-English politician (b. 1933)
• 2012 – Ruth Barcan Marcus, American philosopher and logician (b. 1921)
• 2012 – Frits Staal, Dutch philosopher and academic (b. 1930)
• 2012 – Stasys Stonkus, Lithuanian basketball player and coach (b. 1931)
• 2012 – Jaroslav Velinský, Czech author and songwriter (b. 1932)
• 2012 – Vitaly Vorotnikov, Russian politician, 27th Prime Minister of Russia (b. 1926)
• 2013 – Armen Alchian, American economist and academic (b. 1914)
• 2013 – George Aratani, Japanese American entrepreneur and philanthropist (b. 1917)
• 2013 – Park Chul-soo, South Korean director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1948)
• 2013 – Robert Coleman Richardson, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1937)
• 2013 – Lou Myers, American actor (b. 1935)
• 2013 – Eugene Whelan, Canadian farmer and politician, 22nd Canadian Minister of Agriculture (b. 1924)
• 2014 – Norbert Beuls, Belgian footballer and manager (b. 1957)
• 2014 – Kresten Bjerre, Danish footballer and manager (b. 1946)
• 2014 – Dale Gardner, American captain and astronaut (b. 1948)
• 2014 – Valeri Kubasov, Russian engineer and astronaut (b. 1935)
• 2015 – Betty Lou Bredemus, American actress and coach (b. 1934)
• 2015 – Harold Johnson, American boxer (b. 1928)
• 2015 – Nirad Mohapatra, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1947)
• 2015 – Harris Wittels, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1984)

Eurovision Song Contest overhauls voting rules

Image copyrightEurovision

New rules have been announced for the Eurovision Song Contest in the biggest change to voting since 1975. 

In previous years each country's jury and public votes were combined and announced in one go. 

Now the votes will be split with each country's jury vote cast first, and votes from viewers in all countries combined and announced at the end. 

Organisers say this will create a "dramatic finish" as the winner will only be revealed at the very end. 

In previous years the winner has been known for up to 20 minutes before the end of voting. 

"This format change will inject a new level of excitement into the finish of the Eurovision Song Contest," said Martin Osterdahl, executive producer for this year's show. 

Image copyrightThomas Hanses/ EBU

The new voting system is a "big step forward", according to Jon Ola Sand, executive supervisor of the Eurovision Song Contest, that will "make a better television show as well as a more exciting competition". 

He added: "It is fitting that this change to the contest's iconic scoring sequence will be debuted in Stockholm, where the famous douze points system was introduced in 1975." 

The same voting system will be used in the semi-finals. 

For those wanting to know how their country has voted, the televoting and jury scores from each participating country will be available after the show on the official Eurovision website. 

The grand final of the Eurovision Song Contest will take place in Stockholm on Saturday 14 May.

---

How the new voting system works

• Each country participating will now be able to score the maximum 12 points from each the five-member juries and the voting public - instead of combining the jury and public televote.
• As with every year, only the top 10 countries in each vote receive points (1-8, 10, 12). The new system means that even if a song is marked down by the jury, it will not affect the public vote. This means the jury cannot sway the public vote and vice versa.
• For example, Poland's busty butter-churning act of 2014 was voted in the bottom five by the UK jury, but scored the highest with the British public. However when the scores were combined, it did not score enough to get into the overall top 10 and so it received no points from the UK at all.
• Now after the jury votes have been counted, the televoting points from all participating countries will be combined, providing one score for each country. These televoting results will then be announced, starting with the country receiving the fewest points from the public and ending with the country that received the highest number of points. 
• Organisers hope the new system will create a more exciting show where in previous years the winner has been known before voting has finished.
• Now the actual winner will not be known until the final moments of the voting as the audience learns what the public think. A song ranked fifth with the judges and 200 points behind the leader may race to the top if it is ranked higher with the voting public.
• While it is technically true a country may never score "nil points" again as double points are on offer, it may still be the case a country may not be rated by either the jury or the public.

Το σπίτι του καλύτερου αρχιτέκτονα της Αμερικής σε δημοπρασία

Είναι 1.114τμ μέσα στη φύση. Πωλείται με τα έπιπλα

 και τα έργα τέχνης – μεταξύ άλλων και πίνακες

 του Γουόρχολ. Κοντά μένουν η Ζιζέλ και ο Σβαρτσενέγκερ. 

Ο Φρανκ Λόιντ Ράιτ (1867-1959), «ο μεγαλύτερος Αμερικανός αρχιτέκτονας όλων

 των εποχών» σύμφωνα με το Ινστιτούτο των Αρχιτεκτόνων των ΗΠΑ, πίστευε

 ότι η αρχιτεκτονική πρέπει να φέρνει σε αρμονία τη φύση και τον άνθρωπο και 

αυτό χαρακτηρίζει όλα τα έργα του, τα οποία ξεπερνούν τα 500. Τη συγκεκριμένη

 φιλοσοφία την όρισε ως Οργανική Αρχιτεκτονική. Πέρα από την αρχιτεκτονική,

 ο χαρισματικός αυτός δημιουργός ασχολήθηκε με τη διακόσμηση, τον

 σχεδιασμό επίπλων και αντικειμένων, τη συγγραφή αρχιτεκτονικών μελετών 

και τη διδασκαλία σε πανεπιστήμια.

Σήμερα κτήριά του όπως η κατοικία Fallingwater, Mill Run (1937) μέσα στους 

καταρράκτες στην Πενσιλβάνια είναι μουσεία ανοιχτά στο κοινό. Αλλά ο Ράιτ

 έχει χτίσει και αληθινά μουσεία ορόσημα, όπως το Γκούγκενχαϊμ στη Νέα Υόρκη. 

Το σπίτι που βγαίνει σε δημοπρασία την Κυριακή 21 Φεβρουαρίου βρίσκεται στο

 Λος Αντζελες και  χτίστηκε το 1939 κατά παραγγελία του μηχανικού και

 πρωταθλητή στο σκάκι Τζορτζ Στέρτζες. Και σε αυτό το σπίτι ο αρχιτέκτονας 

εφάρμοσε την αγαπημένη του τακτική: το έχτισε όπως ήθελε, το διακόσμησε όπως

 ήθελε, σχεδίασε ο ίδιος τα έπιπλα που ήθελε. Ο Στέρτζες ήταν πολύ υπερήφανος 

γι αυτό το σπίτι – αν και του ήταν λίγο... κοντό. Ο ίδιος είχε ύψος 1,93 και ο

 Ράιτ έδωσε ύψος στα ταβάνια μόλις... 2 μέτρα. Αρνήθηκε κατηγορηματικά να

 κάνει το σπίτι πιο ψηλοτάβανο, διότι ήθελε να το εναρμονίσει με το τοπίο.

Ο Πίτερ Λούρι, ιδιοκτήτης της εταιρείας Los Angeles Modern Auctions που

 πουλάει το σπίτι, λέει πως η τιμή εκκίνησης στη δημοπρασία θα είναι 3 εκ

 δολάρια. Ο ίδιος βρίσκει πολύ καλή αυτή την τιμή, δεδομένου ότι το σπίτι είναι 

χτισμένο πάνω σε λόφο του Μπρέντγουντ, έχει ανεμπόδιστη θέα στη θάλασσα, 

και επιπλέον έχει και διάσημους γείτονες, όπως η Ζιζέλ και ο Σβαρτσενέγκερ.

Sanremo Music Festival 2016

Sanremo Music Festival
66th edition (2016)
Dates	9 February 2016 (1st night) 10 February 2016 (2nd night) 11 February 2016 (3rd night) 12 February 2016 (4th night) 13 February 2016 (5th night)
Presenter(s)	Carlo Conti Virginia Raffaele Mădălina Diana Ghenea Gabriel Garko
Artistic director(s)	Carlo Conti
Broadcaster	RAI
Venue	Teatro Ariston Sanremo, Italy
Big Artists section
Entries	20 acts (20 songs)
Winner	Stadio "Un giorno mi dirai"
Critic's prize	Patty Pravo "Cieli immensi"
Newcomers' section
Entries	8 acts (8 songs)
Winner	Francesco Gabbani "Amen"
Critic's prize	Francesco Gabbani "Amen"
Eurovision Song Contest
Selection process	Selection by RAI after winner of the Big Artists section declined to represent Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016
Selected artist	Francesca Michielin
Sanremo Music Festival chronology
◄ 2016

The Sanremo Music Festival 2016 (66° Festival della Canzone Italiana di Sanremo 2016) was the 66th annual Sanremo Music Festival, a television song contest held at the Teatro Ariston in Sanremo, Liguria, Italy between 9 and 13 February 2016 and organised and broadcast by Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI). The show was presented by Carlo Conti, who also served as the artistic director for the competition. Conti hosted the show together with Virginia Raffaele, Mădălina Diana Ghenea and Gabriel Garko.

The Campioni or Big Artists section included 20 established Italian artists, competing with a song each, while 8 artists and songs competed in the Nuove Proposte or Newcomers' section. The final for the Newcomers' section took place on 12 February 2016 where "Amen" performed by Francesco Gabbani was selected as the winner. The final for the Big Artists section took place on 13 February 2016 where "Un giorno mi dirai" performed by Stadio was selected as the winner.

The winner of the Big Artists section also won the right to represent Italy at the Eurovision Song Contest 2016. RAI confirmed after the competition that Stadio decided not to participate in the contest. Runner-up Francesca Michielin was selected by RAI as Italy's Eurovision entrant.

[edit]

• 1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clashed in the Battle of Parabiago.
• 1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland in lieu of a dowry for Margaret of Denmark.
• 1547 – Edward VI of England is crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey.
• 1685 – René-Robert Cavelier establishes Fort St. Louis at Matagorda Bay thus forming the basis for France's claim to Texas.
• 1792 – The Postal Service Act, establishing the United States Post Office Department, is signed by United States President George Washington.
• 1798 – Louis-Alexandre Berthier removes Pope Pius VI from power.
• 1810 – Andreas Hofer, Tirolean patriot and leader of rebellion against Napoleon's forces, is executed.
• 1813 – Manuel Belgrano defeats the royalist army of Pío de Tristán during the Battle of Salta.
• 1816 – Rossini's opera The Barber of Seville premieres at the Teatro Argentina in Rome.
• 1835 – Concepción, Chile is destroyed by an earthquake.
• 1846 – Polish insurgents lead an uprising in Kraków to incite a fight for national independence.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Olustee: The largest battle fought in Florida during the war.
• 1865 – End of the Uruguayan War, with a peace agreement between President Tomás Villalba and rebel leader Venancio Flores, setting the scene for the destructive War of the Triple Alliance.
• 1872 – In New York City the Metropolitan Museum of Art opens.
• 1873 – The University of California opens its first medical school in San Francisco.
• 1877 – Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake receives its première performance at the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow.
• 1901 – The legislature of Hawaii Territory convenes for the first time.
• 1909 – Publication of the Futurist Manifesto in the French journal Le Figaro.
• 1913 – King O'Malley drives in the first survey peg to mark commencement of work on the construction of Canberra.
• 1921 – The Young Communist League of Czechoslovakia is founded.
• 1931 – The Congress of the United States approves the construction of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge by the state of California.
• 1933 – The Congress of the United States proposes the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution that will end Prohibition in the United States.
• 1933 – Adolf Hitler secretly meets with German industrialists to arrange for financing of the Nazi Party's upcoming election campaign.
• 1935 – Caroline Mikkelsen becomes the first woman to set foot in Antarctica.
• 1942 – Lieutenant Edward O'Hare becomes America's first World War II flying ace.
• 1943 – American movie studio executives agree to allow the Office of War Information to censor movies.
• 1943 – The Parícutin volcano begins to form in Parícutin, Mexico.
• 1943 – The Saturday Evening Post publishes the first of Norman Rockwell's Four Freedoms in support of United States President Franklin Roosevelt's 1941 State of the Union address theme of Four Freedoms.
• 1944 – World War II: The "Big Week" began with American bomber raids on German aircraft manufacturing centers.
• 1944 – World War II: The United States takes Eniwetok Island.
• 1952 – Emmett Ashford becomes the first African-American umpire in organized baseball by being authorized to be a substitute umpire in the Southwestern International League.
• 1956 – The United States Merchant Marine Academy becomes a permanent Service Academy.
• 1959 – The Avro Arrow program to design and manufacture supersonic jet fighters in Canada is cancelled by the Diefenbaker government amid much political debate.
• 1962 – Mercury program: While aboard Friendship 7, John Glenn becomes the first American to orbit the earth, making three orbits in four hours, 55 minutes.
• 1965 – Ranger 8 crashes into the Moon after a successful mission of photographing possible landing sites for the Apollo program astronauts.
• 1971 – The United States Emergency Broadcast System is accidentally activated in an erroneous national alert.
• 1978 – The last Order of Victory is bestowed upon Leonid Brezhnev.
• 1986 – The Soviet Union launches its Mir spacecraft. Remaining in orbit for 15 years, it is occupied for ten of those years.
• 1987 – Unabomber: In Salt Lake City, a bomb explodes in a computer store.
• 1988 – The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast votes to secede from Azerbaijan and join Armenia, triggering the Nagorno-Karabakh War.
• 1989 – An IRA bomb destroys a section of a British Army barracks in Ternhill, England.
• 1991 – A gigantic statue of Albania's long-time leader, Enver Hoxha, is brought down in the Albanian capital Tirana, by mobs of angry protesters.
• 1998 – American figure skater Tara Lipinski becomes the youngest gold-medalist at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan.
• 2003 – During a Great White concert in West Warwick, Rhode Island, a pyrotechnics display sets the Station nightclub ablaze, killing 100 and injuring over 200 others.
• 2005 – Spain becomes the first country to vote in a referendum on ratification of the proposed Constitution of the European Union, passing it by a substantial margin, but on a low turnout.
• 2006 – In South Korea the United Liberal Democrats, the three top political parties was merged into Grand National Party.
• 2009 – Two Tamil Tigers aircraft packed with C4 explosives en route to the national airforce headquarters are shot down by the Sri Lankan military before reaching their target, in a kamikaze style attack.
• 2010 – In Madeira Island, Portugal, heavy rain causes floods and mudslides, resulting in at least 43 deaths, in the worst disaster in the history of the archipelago.
• 2013 – The smallest extrasolar planet, Kepler-37b is discovered.
• 2014 – Dozens of Euromaidan anti-government protesters died in Ukraine's capital Kiev, many reportedly killed by snipers.
• 2015 – Two trains collide in the Swiss town of Rafz resulting in as many as 49 people injured and Swiss Federal Railways cancelling some services.

Births[edit]

• 1631 – Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds, English politician, Treasurer of the Navy (d. 1712)
• 1633 – Jan de Baen, Dutch painter (d. 1702)
• 1698 – Bernardo Tanucci, Italian statesman, adviser to the Spanish Bourbon monarchs (d. 1783)
• 1705 – Nicolas Chédeville, French musette player and composer (d. 1782)
• 1726 – William Prescott, American colonel (d. 1795)
• 1745 – Henry James Pye, English poet and politician (d. 1813)
• 1751 – Johann Heinrich Voss, German poet, translator, and academic (d. 1826)
• 1753 – Louis-Alexandre Berthier, French general and politician, French Minister of Defence (d. 1815)
• 1757 – John 'Mad Jack' Fuller, English philanthropist and politician (d. 1834)
• 1759 – Johann Christian Reil, German physician, physiologist, and anatomist (d. 1813)
• 1761 – Ludwig Abeille, German pianist and composer (d. 1838)
• 1763 – Adalbert Gyrowetz, Bohemian composer (d. 1850)
• 1792 – Eliza Courtney, French daughter of Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire (d. 1859)
• 1794 – William Carleton, Irish author (d. 1869)
• 1802 – Charles Auguste de Bériot, Belgian violinist and composer (d. 1870)
• 1819 – Alfred Escher, Swiss businessman and politician (d. 1882)
• 1839 – Benjamin Waugh, English activist, founded the NSPCC (d. 1908)
• 1844 – Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian physicist and philosopher (d. 1906)
• 1844 – Joshua Slocum, Canadian sailor and adventurer (d. 1909)
• 1848 – E. H. Harriman, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1909)
• 1850 – Nérée Beauchemin, Canadian physician and poet (d. 1931)
• 1857 – Bunny Lucas, English cricketer (d. 1923)
• 1860 – Karl Mantzius, Danish actor and director (d. 1921)
• 1866 – Carl Westman, Swedish architect, designed the Stockholm Court House and Röhsska Museum (d. 1936)
• 1867 – Louise, Princess Royal of England (d. 1931)
• 1870 – Jay Johnson Morrow, American military engineer and politician, 3rd Governor of the Panama Canal Zone (d. 1937)
• 1874 – Mary Garden, Scottish-American soprano and actress (d. 1967)
• 1879 – Hod Stuart, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1907)
• 1880 – Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen, French author and poet (d. 1923)
• 1882 – Elie Nadelman, Polish-American sculptor (d. 1946)
• 1887 – Vincent Massey, Canadian lawyer and politician, 18th Governor General of Canada (d. 1967)
• 1888 – Georges Bernanos, French soldier and author (d. 1948)
• 1889 – Hulusi Behçet, Turkish dermatologist and scientist (d. 1948)
• 1893 – Elizabeth Holloway Marston, American psychologist and author (d. 1993)
• 1895 – Count Louis Zborowski, English racing driver and automobile engineer (d. 1924)
• 1898 – Jimmy Yancey, American pianist and composer (d. 1951)
• 1899 – Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney, American businessman (d. 1992)
• 1901 – René Dubos, French-American biologist and author (d. 1982)
• 1901 – Louis Kahn, American architect, designed the Salk Institute, the Kimbell Art Museum and the Bangladesh Parliament Building (d. 1974)
• 1901 – Muhammad Naguib, Egyptian general and politician, 1st President of Egypt (d. 1984)
• 1901 – Ramakrishna Ranga Rao of Bobbili, Indian lawyer and politician (d. 1978)
• 1902 – Ansel Adams, American photographer and environmentalist (d. 1984)
• 1904 – Alexei Kosygin, Russian soldier and politician, 8th Premier of the Soviet Union (d. 1980)
• 1906 – Gale Gordon, American actor (d. 1995)
• 1910 – Rudolf Beckmann, German SS officer (d. 1943)
• 1912 – Pierre Boulle, French soldier and author (d. 1994)
• 1913 – Tommy Henrich, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2009)
• 1914 – John Charles Daly, South African–American journalist and game show host (d. 1991)
• 1916 – Jean Erdman, American dancer and choreographer
• 1918 – Leonore Annenberg, American businesswoman and diplomat (d. 2009)
• 1919 – James O'Meara, English soldier and pilot (d. 1974)
• 1920 – Karl Albrecht, German businessman, co-founded Aldi (d. 2014)
• 1920 – Yevgeny Dragunov, Russian weapons designer, designed the Dragunov sniper rifle (d. 1991)
• 1921 – René Jalbert, Canadian soldier (d. 1996)
• 1921 – Buddy Rogers, American wrestler (d. 1992)
• 1923 – Victor G. Atiyeh, American politician, 32nd Governor of Oregon (d. 2014)
• 1923 – Forbes Burnham, Guyanese lawyer and politician, 2nd President of Guyana (d. 1985)
• 1924 – Gloria Vanderbilt, American actress, fashion designer, heiress, and socialite
• 1925 – Robert Altman, American director and screenwriter (d. 2006)
• 1925 – Tochinishiki Kiyotaka, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 44th Yokozuna (d. 1990)
• 1926 – Matthew Bucksbaum, American businessman and philanthropist, co-founded General Growth Properties (d. 2013)
• 1926 – Gillian Lynne, English ballerina, choreographer, and director
• 1926 – Richard Matheson, American author and screenwriter (d. 2013)
• 1927 – Roy Cohn, American lawyer and activist (d. 1986)
• 1927 – Ibrahim Ferrer, Cuban singer (Buena Vista Social Club and Afro-Cuban All Stars) (d. 2005)
• 1927 – Sidney Poitier, American actor, director, and diplomat
• 1928 – Roy Face, American baseball player and carpenter
• 1928 – Jean Kennedy Smith, American diplomat, 25th United States Ambassador to Ireland
• 1929 – Amanda Blake, American actress (d. 1989)
• 1929 – Efraim Allsalu, Estonian painter (d. 2006)
• 1931 – John Milnor, American mathematician and academic
• 1932 – Adrian Cristobal, Filipino journalist and author (d. 2007)
• 1934 – Bobby Unser, American race car driver
• 1935 – Ian Castles, Australian public servant (d. 2010)
• 1935 – Ellen Gilchrist, American author and poet
• 1936 – Marj Dusay, American actress
• 1936 – Larry Hovis, American actor (d. 2003)
• 1936 – Shigeo Nagashima, Japanese baseball player and coach
• 1937 – David Ackles, American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1999)
• 1937 – Robert Huber, German biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1937 – Roger Penske, American race car driver and businessman
• 1937 – Nancy Wilson, American singer and actress
• 1938 – Richard Beymer, American actor, director, and cinematographer
• 1938 – Wiley W. Hilburn, American journalist and academic (d. 2014)
• 1938 – Inge Lønning, Norwegian theologian, educator, and politician (d. 2013)
• 1940 – Jimmy Greaves, English footballer and sportscaster
• 1941 – Lim Kit Siang, Malaysian politician
• 1941 – Buffy Sainte-Marie, Canadian singer-songwriter and producer
• 1942 – Phil Esposito, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager
• 1942 – Mitch McConnell, American soldier, lawyer, and politician
• 1942 – Claude Miller, French director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2012)
• 1943 – Antonio Inoki, Japanese wrestler, mixed martial artist, and politician
• 1943 – Mike Leigh, English director and screenwriter
• 1943 – Tom McNally, Baron McNally, English politician
• 1944 – Robert de Cotret, Canadian politician, 56th Secretary of State for Canada (d. 1999)
• 1944 – Lew Soloff, American trumpet player, composer, and actor (Blood, Sweat & Tears and Mingus Big Band) (d. 2015)
• 1944 – Willem van Hanegem, Dutch footballer and coach
• 1945 – Andrew Bergman, American director and screenwriter
• 1945 – Alan Hull, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Lindisfarne) (d. 1995)
• 1945 – Brion James, American actor (d. 1999)
• 1946 – Brenda Blethyn, English actress
• 1946 – Sandy Duncan, American actress, singer, and dancer
• 1946 – J. Geils, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The J. Geils Band)
• 1947 – Peter Osgood, English footballer (d. 2006)
• 1947 – Peter Strauss, American actor and producer
• 1947 – André van Duin, Dutch actor and singer
• 1948 – Pierre Bouchard, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
• 1948 – Andrew Fabian, English astronomer and astrophysicist
• 1948 – Jennifer O'Neill, American model and actress
• 1949 – Ivana Trump, Czech-American skier and model
• 1949 – Adnan Kahveci, Turkish politician (d. 1993)
• 1950 – Walter Becker, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Steely Dan)
• 1950 – Peter Marinello, Scottish footballer
• 1950 – Ken Shimura, Japanese comedian and actor
• 1951 – Edward Albert, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1951 – Gordon Brown, Scottish historian and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
• 1951 – Randy California, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Spirit) (d. 1997)
• 1951 – Phil Neal, English footballer and manager
• 1953 – Roberto Ciotti, Italian guitarist and composer (d. 2013)
• 1953 – Poison Ivy, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (The Cramps)
• 1954 – Jon Brant, American bass player (Cheap Trick)
• 1954 – Anthony Head, English actor
• 1954 – Patty Hearst, American author, actress and media personality
• 1957 – Glen Hanlon, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1958 – Jamal Hamdan, Lebanese actor and voice actor
• 1959 – Scott Brayton, American race car driver (d. 1996)
• 1959 – David Corn, American journalist and author
• 1959 – Bill Gullickson, American baseball player
• 1960 – Joel Hodgson, American comedian, actor, and screenwriter
• 1960 – Kee Marcello, Swedish guitarist (Europe and Kee Marcello's K2)
• 1960 – Cándido Muatetema Rivas, Equatoguinean politician and diplomat, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (d. 2014)
• 1962 – Kenn Nesbitt, American poet and author
• 1962 – Dwayne McDuffie, American author, screenwriter, and producer, co-founded Milestone Media (d. 2011)
• 1963 – Charles Barkley, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1963 – Ian Brown, English singer-songwriter (The Stone Roses)
• 1963 – Mariliza Xenogiannakopoulou, Greek politician
• 1964 – Willie Garson, American actor
• 1964 – Tom Harris, Scottish journalist and politician
• 1964 – French Stewart, American actor
• 1965 – Ron Eldard, American actor
• 1966 – Cindy Crawford, American model and businesswoman
• 1967 – Kurt Cobain, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Nirvana and Fecal Matter) (d. 1994)
• 1967 – David Herman, American comedian and actor
• 1967 – Andrew Shue, American actor and activist, founded Do Something
• 1967 – Lili Taylor, American actress
• 1967 – Tom Waddle, American football player and sportscaster
• 1968 – Ha Seok-ju, South Korean footballer and manager
• 1969 – Gedo, Japanese wrestler
• 1969 – Siniša Mihajlović, Serbian footballer and manager
• 1969 – Danis Tanović, Bosnian director and screenwriter
• 1969 – Azusa Watanabe, Japanese actress
• 1971 – Calpernia Addams, American actress, author, activist and musician
• 1971 – Shawn McKenzie, American programmer, created AutoTheme
• 1971 – Joost van der Westhuizen, South African rugby player
• 1972 – Brent Gretzky, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1972 – Neil Primrose, Scottish drummer (Travis)
• 1975 – Liván Hernández, Cuban baseball player
• 1975 – Brian Littrell, American singer-songwriter and actor (Backstreet Boys)
• 1975 – Niclas Wallin, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1976 – Ed Graham, English drummer (The Darkness and Stone Gods)
• 1977 – Stephon Marbury, American basketball player
• 1978 – Lauren Ambrose, American actress
• 1978 – Jay Hernandez, American actor
• 1980 – Artur Boruc, Polish footballer
• 1980 – Imanol Harinordoquy, French rugby player
• 1980 – Yuichi Nakamura, Japanese voice actor
• 1980 – Luis Gabriel Rey, Colombian footballer
• 1981 – Tony Hibbert, English footballer
• 1981 – Fred Jackson, American football player
• 1981 – Chris Thile, American singer-songwriter and mandolin player (Nickel Creek and Punch Brothers)
• 1982 – Jason Hirsh, American baseball player
• 1983 – Jose Morales, Puerto Rican-American baseball player
• 1983 – Justin Verlander, American baseball player
• 1984 – Keisuke Koide, Japanese actor
• 1984 – Brian McCann, American baseball player
• 1984 – Trevor Noah, South African comedian and television host
• 1984 – Ramzee Robinson, American football player
• 1985 – Jake Richardson, American actor
• 1985 – Ryan Sweeney, American baseball player
• 1985 – Julia Volkova, Russian actress and singer (t.A.T.u. and Neposedi)
• 1986 – Diego Reis, Brazilian footballer
• 1987 – Miles Teller, American actor
• 1988 – Rihanna, Barbadian-American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1988 – Kealoha Pilares, American football player
• 1989 – Daly Cherry-Evans, Australian rugby league player
• 1991 – Giovanni Kyeremateng, Italian footballer
• 1991 – Antonio Pedroza, English-Mexican footballer
• 1991 – Angelique van der Meet, Dutch tennis player
• 1991 – Kyle Wilkie, Scottish footballer
• 1997 – Roosa Timonen, Finnish tennis player

Deaths[edit]

• 702 – K'inich Kan B'alam II, Mayan king (b. 635)
• 1054 – Yaroslav the Wise, Grand Prince of Kiev and Novgorod (b. 978)
• 1154 – Wulfric of Haselbury, English saint (b. 1080)
• 1171 – Conan IV, Duke of Brittany (b. 1138)
• 1194 – Tancred, King of Sicily (b. 1138)
• 1258 – Al-Musta'sim, Iraqi caliph (b. 1213)
• 1408 – Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, English politician, Earl Marshal of the United Kingdom (b. 1342)
• 1431 – Pope Martin V (b. 1368)
• 1524 – Tecun Uman, Mayan ruler (b. 1500)
• 1579 – Nicholas Bacon, English politician (b. 1509)
• 1618 – Philip William, Prince of Orange (b. 1554)
• 1626 – John Dowland, English lute player and composer (b. 1563)
• 1762 – Tobias Mayer, German astronomer and academic (b. 1723)
• 1771 – Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan, French geophysicist and astronomer (b. 1678)
• 1773 – Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia (b. 1701)
• 1778 – Laura Bassi, Italian physicist and scholar (b. 1711)
• 1790 – Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1741)
• 1806 – Lachlan McIntosh, Scottish-American general and politician (b. 1725)
• 1810 – Andreas Hofer, Italian rebel leader (b. 1767)
• 1862 – William Wallace Lincoln, American son of Abraham Lincoln (b. 1850)
• 1871 – Paul Kane, Irish-Canadian painter (b. 1810)
• 1893 – P. G. T. Beauregard, American general (b. 1818)
• 1895 – Frederick Douglass, American memoirist, statesman, and activist (b. 1818)
• 1900 – Chief Washakie, American tribal leader (b. 1798)
• 1907 – Henri Moissan, French chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
• 1910 – Boutros Ghali, Egyptian educator and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Egypt (b. 1846)
• 1916 – Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Swedish journalist and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1844)
• 1920 – Jacinta Marto, Portuguese saint (b. 1910)
• 1920 – Robert Peary, American admiral and explorer (b. 1856)
• 1936 – Max Schreck, German actor (b. 1879)
• 1941 – La Bolduc, Canadian singer-songwriter (b. 1894)
• 1957 – Sadri Maksudi Arsal, Tatar and Turkish statesman, scholar and thinker (b. 1878)
• 1961 – Percy Grainger, Australian-American pianist and composer (b. 1882)
• 1963 – Jacob Gade, Danish violinist and composer(b. 1879)
• 1966 – Chester W. Nimitz, American admiral (b. 1885)
• 1968 – Anthony Asquith, English director and screenwriter (b. 1902)
• 1969 – Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor (b. 1883)
• 1972 – Maria Goeppert-Mayer, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)
• 1972 – Walter Winchell, American journalist and actor (b. 1897)
• 1976 – René Cassin, French lawyer and judge, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887)
• 1976 – Kathryn Kuhlman, American evangelist (b. 1907)
• 1981 – Nicolas de Gunzburg, French-American banker and publisher (b. 1904)
• 1985 – Bhawani Prasad Mishra, Indian poet and author (b. 1913)
• 1985 – Clarence Nash, American voice actor and singer (b. 1904)
• 1987 – Wayne Boring, American illustrator (b. 1905)
• 1992 – A. J. Casson, Canadian painter (b. 1898)
• 1992 – Roberto D'Aubuisson, Salvadoran politician (b. 1944)
• 1992 – Dick York, American actor (b. 1928)
• 1993 – Ferruccio Lamborghini, Italian businessman, founded Lamborghini (b. 1916)
• 1993 – Ernest L. Massad, American general (b. 1908)
• 1996 – Solomon Asch, American psychologist and academic (b. 1907)
• 1996 – Toru Takemitsu, Japanese pianist, guitarist, and composer (b. 1930)
• 1999 – Sarah Kane, English playwright (b. 1971)
• 1999 – Gene Siskel, American journalist and critic (b. 1946)
• 2000 – Anatoly Sobchak, Russian lawyer and politician, 1st Governor of Saint Petersburg (b. 1937)
• 2001 – Rosemary DeCamp, American actress (b. 1910)
• 2001 – Donella Meadows, American environmentalist, author, and academic (b. 1941)
• 2003 – Maurice Blanchot, French philosopher and author (b. 1907)
• 2003 – Orville Freeman, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 29th Governor of Minnesota (b. 1918)
• 2003 – Ty Longley, American singer and guitarist (Great White and Samantha 7) (b. 1971)
• 2005 – Sandra Dee, American actress (b. 1942)
• 2005 – John Raitt, American actor and singer (b. 1917)
• 2005 – Hunter S. Thompson, American journalist and author (b. 1937)
• 2005 – Thomas Willmore, English mathematician and academic (b. 1919)
• 2006 – Curt Gowdy, American sportscaster (b. 1919)
• 2006 – Lucjan Wolanowski, Polish journalist and author (b. 1920)
• 2008 – Emily Perry, English actress and dancer (b. 1907)
• 2009 – Larry H. Miller, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1944)
• 2010 – Alexander Haig, American general and politician, 59th United States Secretary of State (b. 1924)
• 2010 – Basavaraju Venkata Padmanabha Rao, Indian actor, director, and producer (b. 1931)
• 2012 – Knut Torbjørn Eggen, Norwegian footballer and manager (b. 1960)
• 2012 – Katie Hall, American educator and politician (b. 1938)
• 2013 – Kenji Eno, Japanese game designer and composer (b. 1970)
• 2013 – David S. McKay, American biochemist and geologist (b. 1936)
• 2013 – Antonio Roma, Argentinian footballer (b. 1932)
• 2013 – Osmo Antero Wiio, Finnish journalist, academic, and politician (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Rafael Addiego Bruno, Uruguayan jurist and politician, President of Uruguay (b. 1923)
• 2014 – Walter D. Ehlers, American lieutenant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1921)
• 2014 – Reghu Kumar, Indian composer (b. 1953)
• 2014 – Garrick Utley, American journalist (b. 1939)
• 2015 – Ibrahim Biogradlić, Bosnian footballer and manager (b. 1931)
• 2015 – John C. Willke, American physician, author, and activist (b. 1925)

Italian writer Umberto Eco dies at 84

Image copyrightReuters

The Italian writer and philosopher Umberto Eco, best known for his novel The Name of the Rose, has died aged 84.

His family says he passed away late on Friday at his home. No further details were given. 

The Name of the Rose was made into a film in 1989 starring Scottish actor Sean Connery.

Eco, who also wrote the novel Foucault's Pendulum, continued to publish new works, with Numero Zero released last year.

He also wrote children's books and literary criticism. 

Eco once wrote that "books always speak of other books, and every story tells a story that has already been told".

"I am a philosopher," he was quoted as saying. "I write novels only on the weekends."

Eco founded the communications department at the University of San Marino in the 1980s. 

He was later professor emeritus and chairman of the Higher School of Humanities of the University of Bologna.

Eco was born in Alessandria, northern Italy, in 1932.

 τα 10 καλύτερα εμπορικά κέντρα της Ευρώπης

Πόσες φορές δεν γυρίσατε από το ταξίδι σας με παραπάνω βαλίτσες; Πόσοι από εσάς δεν επισκεφθήκατε μια μεγάλη ευρωπαϊκή πόλη, μόνο και μόνο για να κάνετε τα ψώνια σας; Αν και στην  Ελλάδα είχαν γίνει κάποιες προσπάθειες, ωστόσο, τα καλύτερα εμπορικά κέντρα βρίσκονται εκτός συνόρων. Καταγράψαμε τα 10 καλύτερα και σας τα παραθέτουμε! Καλές αγορές!

1. The Galeries Lafayette, Παρίσι

Βρίσκεται στη λεωφόρο Haussmann και κάνει ετήσιο τζίρο πάνω από ένα δις ευρώ! Κάθε εβδομάδα διοργανώνονται αρκετά fashion shows!

2. The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, Μιλάνο

Στην πρωτεύουσα της μόδας , αυτό το υπέροχο κτίριο αντανακλά την κοσμοπολίτικη αύρα της πόλης και περιέχει αρκετά πολυτελή καταστήματα, εστιατόρια και καφέ!

3. Harrods, Λονδίνο

Είναι το μεγαλύτερο πολυκατάστημα στην  Ευρώπη με έκταση 20.000 τμ! Εδώ θα βρείτε μονο επώνυμα καταστήματα, αλλά και εποχιακά μαγαζιά!

4. Departmenstore Quartier 206, Βερολίνο

Σε αυτόν τον υπέροχο χώρο θα βρείτε τα καλύτερα καταστήματα ρολογιών και χρυσαφικών, αλλά και μια σειρά από boutique επώνυμων προϊόντων!

5. Royal Galleries, Βρυξέλλες

Το πρώτο μεγάλο εμπορικό κατάστημα στην  Ευρώπη, χτίστηκε το 1846-47 και είναι έργο του διάσημου αρχιτέκτονα J.P. Cluysenaer.

6. Las Arenas, Βαρκελώνη

Βρίσκεται στην Plaça Espanya και είναι ένας πολυχώρος όπυ μπορεί να θαυμάσει κανείς και να αγοράσει έργα υψηλής ραπτικής, σε κανονικές και προνομιακές τιμές, καθώς διαθέτει και αρκετά outlets!

7. Kanyon, Κωνσταντινούπολη

Η πόλη διαθέτει ένα πολυκατάστημα που μπορεί να συναγωνιστεί αρετά αντίστοιχα ευρωπαϊκά! Εγκαινιάστηκε το 2009 και έκτοτε φιλοξενεί καθημερινώς πάνω από 1.600 επισκέπτες!

8. The Gasometer, Βιέννη

Ένας παράδεισος για όσους αγαπούν τα ψώνια! Μπορεί να φιλοξενήσει πάνω από 4.200 επισκέπτες την ημέρα!

9. Magna Plaza, Άμστερνταμ

Στην αρχιτεκτονική του είναι έντονο το ρομαντικό στοιχείο, αλλά και το γοτθικό. Η βόλτα είναι ευχάριστη και τα ψώνια άνετα.

10. The Zlote Tarasy,  Βαρσοβία

Μοντέρνο εμπορικό κέντρο που άνοιξε τις πόρτες του το 2007 και βρίσκεται δίπλα ακριβώς από το σταθμό του τρένου στη  Βαρσοβία.

 Πετάμε για Νέα Υόρκη με 499 ΕΥΡΩ! 

Και ποιος δεν ονειρεύεται να επισκεφθεί έστω για μια φορά στη ζωή του τη Νέα Υόρκη...; Ευτυχώς η Air Serbia το κάνει πραγματικότητα από  Αθήνα μέσω Βελιγραδίου!

πως ανακοίνωσε ο εθνικός αερομεταφορέας της Δημοκρατίας της Σερβίας, θέλοντας να γιορτάσει τη νέα γραμμή, προσφέρει στους Έλληνες ταξιδιώτες εισιτήρια από Αθήνα για Νέα Υόρκη με ενδιάμεση στάση στο  Βελιγράδι με τιμές που ξεκινούν μόνο από € 499 για την Οικονομική Θέση και 2.601 Ευρώ για τη Διακεκριμένη Θέση (συν φόρους και λοιπές χρεώσεις)με την πρώτη πτήση να αναχωρεί στις 23 Ιουνίου! Book now γιατί οι προνομιακές τιμές ισχύουν από τις 18 Φεβρουαρίου έως τις 24 Φεβρουαρίου!

KATEΡΙΝΑ ΒΑΛΕΝΤΕ 7 ΜΑΡΤΙΟΥ ΣΤΟ ΜΕΓΑΡΟ ΜΟΥΣΙΚΗΣ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ

Το 1962 προβληθηκε η τελευταια ταινια της Κατερινα Βαλεντε στην Ελλαδα.Απο τοτε περασαν 54 χρονια απουσιας της δημοφιλεστερης στην χωρα μας,μεταπολεμικα, "Γερμανιδας» ηθοποιου,τραγουδιστριας,χορευτριας.

Την Δευτερα ,7 Μαρτιου,8 μμ,στο Μεγαρο Μουσικης Θεσσαλονικης(Μ2,50ς οροφος,αιθουσα Μωρις Σαλτιελ),με ελευθερη εισοδο,θα πραγματοποιηθει κινηματογραφικο αφιερωμα 80 λεπτων σε μεγαλη οθονη για την Βαλεντε,με αποσπασματα από τις ταινιες

1.ΜΠΟΝΖΟΥΡ ΚΑΤΡΙΝ-1955
2.ΑΓΑΠΗ,ΧΟΡΟΣ ΚΑΙ 1000 ΤΡΑΓΟΥΔΙΑ-1955
3.ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΡΙΚΗ ΠΡΟΣΚΛΗΣΙΣ-1956
4.ΚΑΖΙΝΟ ΝΤΕ ΠΑΡΙ-1957
5.ΚΑΛΩΣ ΗΛΘΕΣ ΚΑΤΕΡΙΝΑ-1957
6.ΞΑΝΑΡΘΑΝ Τ’ΑΗΔΟΝΙΑ-1958
7.ΠΡΟΣΚΛΗΣΙΣ ΣΤΟΝ ΠΥΡΓΟ ΤΩΝ ΟΝΕΙΡΩΝ-1958
8.ΕΝΑ ΦΙΛΙ,ΕΝΑ ΤΡΑΓΟΥΔΙ,ΕΝΑΣ ΧΟΡΟΣ-1959
9.Η ΧΙΟΝΑΤΗ ΚΑΙ ΟΙ ΕΠΤΑ ΝΑΝΟΙ-1962



Η 85 χρονη σημερα καλλιτεχνις,που τα τελευταια χρονια ζει στο Λουγκανο της Ελβετιας, εγινε γνωστη και από τις δισκογραφικες επιτυχιες της,όπως η Malaguena,η πρωτη ηχογραφηση της με παγκοσμια απηχηση.
Μολονοτι γεννηθηκε στο Παρισι,από Ιταλους γονεις,θεωρειται απο τους Ελληνες Γερμανιδα,αφου οι ταινιες της είναι γερμανικες η γερμανοφωνες,όπως και οι περισσοτερες δισκογραφικες επιτυχιες της.Εχει ηχογραφησει στα ελληνικα δυο συνθεσεις του Μιμη Πλεσσα,την «Μελενια γυφτοπουλα» και «Ο ερωτας που μ’ακουσε».



Το αφιερωμα επιμεληθηκε και θα παρουσιασει με υλικο από το προσωπικο αρχειο του ο δημοσιογραφος Λευτερης Κογκαλιδης.Οργανωτες ειναι το Μεγαρο Μουσικης Θεσσαλονικης και ο Συλλογος Φιλων Μουσικης Θεσσαλονικης.Χορηγος επικοινωνιας ειναι

το Πρακτορειο FM 104,9.

Τ επομενα αφιερωματα ειναι για τον κωμικο Νταννυ Καιη την Δευτερα 11 Απριλιου και για την Εσθερ Γουηλλιαμς την Δευτερα 9 Μαιου.