[edit]

• 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. 147 Swiss Guards, including their commander, die fighting the forces of Charles V in order to allow Pope Clement VII to escape into Castel Sant'Angelo.
• 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Spanish.
• 1536 – King Henry VIII orders English-language Bibles be placed in every church.
• 1542 – Francis Xavier reaches Old Goa, the capital of Portuguese India at the time.
• 1659 – English Restoration: A faction of the British Army removes Richard Cromwell as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth and reinstalls the Rump Parliament.
• 1682 – Louis XIV moves his court to the Palace of Versailles.
• 1757 – Battle of Prague: A Prussian army fights an Austrian army in Prague during the Seven Years' War.
• 1757 – The end of Konbaung–Hanthawaddy War, and the end of Burmese Civil War (1740–1757).
• 1757 – English poet Christopher Smart is admitted into St Luke's Hospital for Lunatics in London, beginning his six-year confinement to mental asylums.
• 1782 – Construction begins on the Grand Palace, the royal residence of the King of Siam in Bangkok, at the command of King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke.
• 1801 – Captain Thomas Cochrane in the 14-gun HMS Speedy captures the 32-gun Spanish frigate El Gamo.
• 1835 – James Gordon Bennett, Sr. publishes the first issue of the New York Herald.
• 1840 – The Penny Black postage stamp becomes valid for use in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
• 1844 – The Glaciarium, the world's first mechanically frozen ice rink, opens.
• 1857 – The British East India Company disbands the 34th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry whose sepoy Mangal Pandey had earlier revolted against the British and is considered to be the First Martyr in the War of Indian Independence.
• 1861 – American Civil War: Arkansas secedes from the Union.
• 1861 – American Civil War: Richmond, Virginia is declared the new capital of the Confederate States of America.
• 1863 – American Civil War: The Battle of Chancellorsville ends with the defeat of the Army of the Potomac by Confederate troops.
• 1877 – Chief Crazy Horse of the Oglala Sioux surrenders to United States troops in Nebraska.
• 1882 – Thomas Henry Burke and Lord Frederick Cavendish are stabbed and killed during the Phoenix Park Murders in Dublin.
• 1882 – The United States Congress passes the Chinese Exclusion Act.
• 1889 – The Eiffel Tower is officially opened to the public at the Universal Exposition in Paris.
• 1902 – Macario Sakay establishes the Tagalog Republic with himself as President.
• 1910 – George V becomes King of the United Kingdom upon the death of his father, Edward VII.
• 1916 – Twenty-one Lebanese nationalists executed in the Martyrs' Square, Beirut by Jamal Pasha, the Ottoman wāli.
• 1933 – The Deutsche Studentenschaft attacked Magnus Hirschfeld's Institut für Sexualwissenschaft, later burning many of its books.
• 1935 – New Deal: Executive Order 7034 creates the Works Progress Administration.
• 1935 – The first flight of the Curtiss P-36 Hawk.
  
  

  Hindenburg disaster
• 1937 – Hindenburg disaster: The German zeppelin Hindenburg catches fire and is destroyed within a minute while attempting to dock at Lakehurst, New Jersey. Thirty-six people are killed.
• 1940 – John Steinbeck is awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his novel The Grapes of Wrath.
• 1941 – At California's March Field, Bob Hope performs his first USO show.
• 1941 – The first flight of the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt.
• 1942 – World War II: On Corregidor, the last American forces in the Philippines surrender to the Japanese.
• 1945 – World War II: Axis Sally delivers her last propaganda broadcast to Allied troops.
• 1945 – World War II: The Prague Offensive, the last major battle of the Eastern Front, begins.
• 1949 – EDSAC, the first practical electronic digital stored-program computer, runs its first operation.
• 1954 – Roger Bannister becomes the first person to run the mile in under four minutes.
• 1960 – More than 20 million viewers watch the first televised royal wedding when Princess Margaret marries Anthony Armstrong-Jones at Westminster Abbey.
• 1962 – St. Martín de Porres is canonized by Pope John XXIII.
• 1966 – Myra Hindley and Ian Brady are sentenced to life imprisonment for the Moors murders in England.
• 1972 – Deniz Gezmiş, Yusuf Aslan and Hüseyin İnan are executed in Ankara for attempting to overthrow the Constitutional order.
• 1975 – During a lull in fighting, 100,000 Armenians gather in Beirut to commemorate 60th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide.
• 1976 – An earthquake strikes the Friuli region of northeastern Italy, causing 989 deaths and the destruction of entire villages.
• 1981 – A jury of architects and sculptors unanimously selects Maya Ying Lin's design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial from 1,421 other entries.
• 1983 – The Hitler Diaries are revealed as a hoax after examination by experts.
• 1984 – One hundred three Korean Martyrs are canonized by Pope John Paul II in Seoul.
• 1989 – Cedar Point opens Magnum XL-200, the first roller coaster to break the 200 ft height barrier, therefore spawning what is known as the "coaster wars".
• 1994 – Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and French President François Mitterrand officiate at the opening of the Channel Tunnel.
• 1994 – Former Arkansas state worker Paula Jones files a lawsuit against United States President Bill Clinton, alleging that he had sexually harassed her in 1991.
• 1996 – The body of former CIA director William Colby is found washed up on a riverbank in southern Maryland, eight days after he disappeared.
• 1997 – The Bank of England is given independence from political control, the most significant change in the bank's 300-year history.
• 1998 – Kerry Wood strikes out 20 Houston Astros to tie the major league record held by Roger Clemens. He threw a one-hitter and did not walk a batter in his fifth career start.
• 1999 – The first elections to the devolved Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly are held.
• 2001 – During a trip to Syria, Pope John Paul II becomes the first pope to enter a mosque.
• 2004 – The series finale of the television sitcom Friends is aired on NBC. The finale attracts 52.46 million viewers, making it the fourth most watched television series finale in U.S. history.
• 2013 – Three women missing for more than a decade are found alive in the U.S. city of Cleveland, Ohio. Ariel Castro, is taken into custody.
• 2014 – Six people are injured in a knife attack at a Chinese train station in Guangzhou.

Births[edit]

• 1405 – Skanderbeg, Albanian lord (d. 1468)
• 1501 – Pope Marcellus II (d. 1555)
• 1574 – Pope Innocent X (d. 1655)
• 1635 – Johann Joachim Becher (d. 1682)
• 1668 – Alain-René Lesage, French author and playwright (d. 1747)
• 1680 – Jean-Baptiste Stuck, Italian-French cellist and composer (d. 1755)
• 1713 – Charles Batteux, French philosopher (d. 1780)
• 1714 – Anton Raaff, German tenor (d. 1797)
• 1742 – Jean Senebier, Swiss physiologist (d. 1809)
• 1758 – Maximilien de Robespierre, French lawyer and politician (d. 1794)
• 1758 – André Masséna, French general (d. 1817)
• 1769 – Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1824)
• 1769 – Jean Nicolas Pierre Hachette, French mathematician (d. 1834)
• 1781 – Karl Christian Friedrich Krause, German philosopher (d. 1832)
• 1797 – Joseph Brackett, American religious leader and composer (d. 1882)
• 1800 – Roman Sanguszko, Polish general (d. 1881)
• 1827 – Hermann Raster, German-American journalist and politician (d. 1891)
• 1836 – Max Eyth, German engineer and writer (d. 1906)
• 1843 – Grove Karl Gilbert, American geologist (d. 1918)
• 1848 – Henry Edward Armstrong, English chemist (d. 1937)
• 1851 – Aristide Bruant, French singer and actor (d. 1925)
• 1856 – Sigmund Freud, Austrian neurologist (d. 1939)
• 1856 – Robert Peary, American explorer (d. 1920)
• 1861 – Motilal Nehru, Indian lawyer and politician (d. 1931)
• 1868 – Gaston Leroux, French journalist and author (d. 1927)
• 1870 – Walter Rutherford, Scottish golfer (d. 1936)
• 1871 – Victor Grignard, French chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1935)
• 1871 – Christian Morgenstern, German author (d. 1914)
• 1872 – Willem de Sitter, Dutch mathematician, physicist, and astronomer (d. 1934)
• 1879 – Bedřich Hrozný, Czech orientalist and linguist (d. 1952)
• 1879 – Hendrik van Heuckelum, Dutch footballer (d. 1929)
• 1880 – Winifred Brunton, English-South African painter (d. 1959)
• 1880 – Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, German painter (d. 1938)
• 1880 – William Joseph Simmons, American Ku Klux Klan leader (d. 1945)
• 1882 – Wilhelm, German Crown Prince (d. 1951)
• 1895 – Júlio César de Mello e Souza, Brazilian mathematician and author (d. 1974)
• 1896 – Rolf Maximilian Sievert, Swedish physicist and academic (d. 1966)
• 1895 – Fidél Pálffy, Hungarian politician (d. 1946)
• 1895 – Rudolph Valentino, Italian-American actor (d. 1926)
• 1897 – Paul Alverdes, German author and poet (d. 1979)
• 1898 – Konrad Henlein, Czech politician (d. 1945)
• 1899 – Billy Cotton, English drummer and bandleader (d. 1969)
• 1902 – Harry Golden, Ukrainian-American journalist and author (d. 1981)
• 1902 – Max Ophüls, German-American director and screenwriter (d. 1957)
• 1903 – Toots Shor, American businessman, founded Toots Shor's Restaurant (d. 1977)
• 1904 – Raymond Bailey, American actor (d. 1980)
• 1904 – Moshé Feldenkrais, Ukrainian-Israeli physicist (d. 1984)
• 1904 – Harry Martinson, Swedish author and poet Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1978)
• 1904 – Catherine Lacey, English actress (d. 1979)
• 1905 – Philip N. Krasne, American attorney and producer (d. 1999)
• 1906 – André Weil, French mathematician and academic (d. 1998)
• 1907 – Weeb Ewbank, American football player and coach (d. 1998)
• 1909 – Loyd Sigmon, American radio host (d. 2004)
• 1911 – Guy des Cars, French author (d. 1993)
• 1911 – Frank Nelson, American actor (d. 1986)
• 1913 – Carmen Cavallaro, American pianist (d. 1989)
• 1913 – Stewart Granger, English-American actor (d. 1993)
• 1915 – Orson Welles, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1985)
• 1915 – Theodore H. White, American historian, journalist, and author (d. 1986)
• 1916 – Robert H. Dicke, American physicist (d. 1997)
• 1916 – Sif Ruud, Swedish actress (d. 2011)
• 1916 – Adriana Caselotti, American voice actress and singer (d. 1997)
• 1917 – Kal Mann, American songwriter (d. 2001)
• 1917 – Jilly Rizzo, American businessman and actor (d. 1992)
• 1919 – André Guelfi, French racing driver
• 1920 – Martha Beck, American murderer (d. 1951)
• 1920 – Ross Hunter, American actor and producer (d. 1996)
• 1920 – Kamisese Mara, Fijian politician, 1st Prime Minister of Fiji (d. 2004)
• 1921 – Erich Fried, German author (d. 1988)
• 1922 – Vladimir Etush, Russian actor
• 1922 – Camille Laurin, Canadian psychiatrist and politician (d. 1999)
• 1923 – Harry Watson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2002)
• 1924 – Nestor Basterretxea, Spanish painter and sculptor (d. 2014)
• 1924 – Patricia Kennedy Lawford, American socialite (d. 2006)
• 1924 – Denny Wright, English guitarist, composer, and producer (d. 1992)
• 1926 – Gilles Grégoire, Canadian politician, co-founded the Parti Québécois (d. 2006)
• 1926 – Marguerite Piazza, American soprano (d. 2012)
• 1929 – Rosemary Cramp, English archaeologist and academic
• 1929 – Paul Lauterbur, American chemist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2007)
• 1929 – John Taylor, English bishop and theologian
• 1930 – Sonia Rykiel, French fashion designer
• 1931 – Willie Mays, American baseball player
• 1932 – Alexander Thynn, 7th Marquess of Bath, English politician
• 1932 – Ahmet Haxhiu, Albanian political activist (d. 1994)
• 1934 – Richard Shelby, American lawyer and politician
• 1936 – Bernard Lemaire, Canadian businessman
• 1937 – Rubin Carter, American boxer (d. 2014)
• 1938 – Jean Garon, Canadian economist, lawyer, and politician (d. 2014)
• 1938 – Larry Gogan, Irish radio host
• 1939 – Eddie C. Campbell, American singer and guitarist
• 1940 – Alexandra Burslem, Chinese-English academic
• 1942 – Ariel Dorfman, Argentinian author, playwright, and academic
• 1942 – David Friesen, American bassist
• 1942 – Rin Kaiho, Chinese-Japanese go player
• 1943 – Andreas Baader, German terrorist, co-founded the Red Army Faction (d. 1977)
• 1943 – Grange Calveley, English animator and screenwriter
• 1943 – Milton William Cooper, American theorist and author (d. 2001)
• 1943 – Wolfgang Reinhardt, German pole vaulter (d. 2011)
• 1943 – James Turrell, American light artist
• 1944 – Anton Furst, English-American production designer (d. 1991)
• 1944 – Masanori Murakami, Japanese baseball player and coach
• 1945 – Richard Eyer, American actor and educator
• 1945 – Jimmie Dale Gilmore, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor (The Flatlanders)
• 1945 – Bob Seger, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1946 – Susan Brown, English actress
• 1946 – Frankie Librán, Puerto Rican baseball player (d. 2013)
• 1947 – Alan Dale, New Zealand actor

• 1947 – Kit Martin, English architect
• 1947 – Martha Nussbaum, American philosopher and author
• 1947 – Ljubomir Vračarević, Serbian martial artist, founded Real Aikido (d. 2013)
• 1948 – Robert Eyer, American actor (d. 2005)
• 1948 – Mary MacGregor, American singer
• 1949 – John Pawson, English architect and designer
• 1950 – Jeffery Deaver, American author
• 1950 – Robbie McIntosh, Scottish drummer (Average White Band and The Senate) (d. 1974)
• 1951 – Samuel Doe, Liberian politician, 21st President of Liberia (d. 1990)
• 1952 – Christian Clavier, French actor and producer
• 1952 – Gregg Henry, American actor and singer
• 1952 – Michael O'Hare, American actor (d. 2012)
• 1952 – Fred Newman, American actor and composer
• 1952 – Gerrit Zalm, Dutch politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands
• 1953 – Alexander Akimov, Ukrainian Chernobyl worker (d. 1986)
• 1953 – Tony Blair, Scottish-English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
• 1953 – Michelle Courchesne, Canadian politician, Deputy Premier of Quebec
• 1953 – Ülle Rajasalu, Estonian politician
• 1953 – Graeme Souness, Scottish footballer and manager
• 1953 – Lynn Whitfield, American actress
• 1954 – Tom Abernethy, American basketball player
• 1954 – Dora Bakoyannis, Greek politician, 120th Minister for Foreign Affairs of Greece
• 1954 – Angela Hernández Nuñez, Dominican writer
• 1955 – Nicholas Alexander, 7th Earl of Caledon, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Armagh
• 1955 – Tom Bergeron, American television host
• 1955 – Ron Fawcett, English rock climber
• 1955 – John Hutton, Baron Hutton of Furness, English politician, Secretary of State for Defence
• 1956 – Lakis Lazopoulos, Greek actor and screenwriter
• 1956 – Roland Wieser, German race walker
• 1958 – Lolita Flores, Spanish singer and actress
• 1958 – Jan Leyers, Belgian singer-songwriter (Soulsister)
• 1958 – Randall Stout, American architect, designed the Taubman Museum of Art (d. 2014)
• 1959 – Andreas Busse, German runner
• 1959 – Charles Hendry, English politician
• 1960 – Lyudmila Andonova, Bulgarian high jumper
• 1960 – Keith Dowding, British political scientist
• 1960 – Roma Downey, Irish-American actress and producer
• 1960 – John Flansburgh, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (They Might Be Giants and Mono Puff)
• 1960 – Aleksei Lotman, Estonian biologist and politician
• 1960 – Anne Parillaud, French actress
• 1960 – Phyllis Treigle, American soprano
• 1961 – Aleksandr Apaychev, Ukrainian decathlete
• 1961 – George Clooney, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1961 – Tom Hunter, Scottish businessman and philanthropist
• 1961 – Gina Riley, Australian actress, singer, producer, and screenwriter
• 1962 – Tom Brake, English politician
• 1963 – Alessandra Ferri, Italian ballerina
• 1964 – Dana Hill, American actress (d. 1996)
• 1964 – Tony Scalzo, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Fastball)
• 1965 – Leslie Hope, Canadian actress
• 1968 – Worku Bikila, Ethiopian runner
• 1968 – Shin Hae-chul, South Korean singer-songwriter and producer (N.EX.T) (d. 2014)
• 1968 – Lætitia Sadier, French singer and keyboard player (Stereolab, Monade, and McCarthy)
• 1969 – Jim Magilton, Irish footballer and manager
• 1970 – Roland Kun, Nauruan politician
• 1970 – Kavan Smith, Canadian actor
• 1970 – Tristán Ulloa, French-Spanish actor and director
• 1971 – Chris Shiflett, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Foo Fighters, Me First and the Gimme Gimmes, Jackson United, No Use for a Name, and Viva Death)
• 1972 – Martin Brodeur, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1972 – Naoko Takahashi, Japanese runner
• 1974 – Bernard Barmasai, Kenyan runner
• 1974 – Daniela Bártová, Czech pole vaulter
• 1974 – Faruk Namdar, German-Turkish footballer
• 1977 – Christophe Brandt, Belgian cyclist
• 1977 – Marc Chouinard, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1977 – Mark Eaton, American ice hockey player
• 1978 – John Abraham, American football player
• 1978 – Fredrick Federley, Swedish politician
• 1978 – Aleksandr Fyodorov, Russian bodybuilder
• 1979 – Mark Burrier, American illustrator
• 1979 – Kerry Ellis, English actress and singer
• 1979 – Gerd Kanter, Estonian discus thrower
• 1980 – Taebin, American-South Korean rapper (1TYM)
• 1980 – Colt Cabana, American wrestler
• 1980 – Dimitris Diamantidis, Greek basketball player
• 1980 – Mark Ladwig, American figure skater
• 1980 – Ricardo Oliveira, Brazilian footballer
• 1980 – Kelly van der Veer, Dutch singer and actress
• 1981 – Matt Drake, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Evile)
• 1981 – Nick Setta, American-Canadian football player
• 1981 – Edyta Śliwińska, Polish-American dancer
• 1982 – Dilshod Nazarov, Tajikistani hammer thrower
• 1982 – Kyle Shewfelt, Canadian gymnast
• 1982 – Jason Witten, American football player
• 1983 – Dani Alves, Brazilian footballer
• 1983 – Ingrid Jonach, Australian author
• 1983 – Adrianne Palicki, American actress
• 1983 – Gabourey Sidibe, American actress
• 1983 – Trinley Thaye Dorje, Tibetan religious leader, the 17th Karmapa Lama
• 1983 – Raquel Zimmermann, Brazilian model
• 1984 – Abu Mansoor Al-Amriki, American-Somali terrorist (d. 2013)
• 1984 – Anton Babchuk, Ukrainian ice hockey player
• 1984 – Juan Pablo Carrizo, Argentinian footballer
• 1985 – Tanerau Latimer, New Zealand rugby player
• 1985 – Chris Paul, American basketball player
• 1986 – Cindy Daniel, Canadian singer
• 1986 – Goran Dragić, Slovenian basketball player
• 1986 – Tyler Hynes, Canadian actor
• 1986 – Roman Kreuziger, Czech cyclist
• 1986 – Gintarė Vostrecovaitė, Lithuanian figure skater
• 1986 – Sasheer Zamata, American comedian and actress
• 1987 – Aljona Malets, Estonian footballer
• 1987 – Meek Mill, American rapper
• 1987 – Moon Geun-young, South Korean actress
• 1987 – Kaliese Spencer, Jamaican hurdler
• 1989 – Bobby Bazini, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1989 – Dominika Cibulková, Slovakian tennis player
• 1989 – Amra Sadiković, Swiss tennis player
• 1990 – Danielle Beaubrun, Saint Lucian swimmer
• 1990 – Caitlin Yankowskas, American figure skater
• 1991 – Valerio Frasca, Italian footballer
• 1991 – Harriet Lee, English swimmer
• 1992 – Byun Baekhyun, South Korean singer, dancer, actor (Exo)
• 1992 – Brendan Gallagher, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1992 – Ria Popović, English-Serbian footballer
• 1992 – Zigismunds Sirmais, Latvian javelin thrower
• 1992 – Takashi Usami, Japanese footballer
• 1993 – Alex Preston, American singer
• 1993 – Naomi Scott, English actress and singer
• 1993 – Andris Siksnis, Latvian ice hockey player
• 1993 – Kim Dasom, South Korean singer, dancer, actress (Sistar)
• 1994 – Mateo Kovačić, Austrian-Croatian footballer
• 1996 – Dominic Scott Kay, American actor and singer
• 2002 – Emily Alyn Lind, American actress

Deaths[edit]

• 1471 – Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset, English commander (b. 1438)
• 1475 – Dieric Bouts, Flemish painter (b. 1415)
• 1502 – James Tyrrell, English knight (b. 1450)
• 1596 – Giaches de Wert, Flemish-Italian composer (b. 1535)
• 1631 – Sir Robert Cotton, 1st Baronet, of Connington, English politician, founded the Cotton library (b. 1570)
• 1638 – Cornelius Jansen, Dutch-French bishop (b. 1585)
• 1708 – François de Laval, French-Canadian bishop (b. 1623)
• 1757 – Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1683)
• 1757 – Kurt Christoph Graf von Schwerin, Prussian field marshal (b. 1684)
• 1782 – Christine Kirch, German astronomer (b. 1696)
• 1840 – Francisco de Paula Santander, Colombian general and politician, 4th President of the Republic of the New Granada (b. 1792)
• 1825 – Maria Brontë, eldest daughter of the Brontë family (b. 1814)
• 1859 – Alexander von Humboldt, German geographer and explorer (b. 1769)
• 1862 – Henry David Thoreau, American author and philosopher (b. 1817)
• 1877 – Johan Ludvig Runeberg, Swedish-Finnish poet (b. 1804)
• 1882 – Thomas Henry Burke, Irish civil servant (assassinated) (b. 1829)
• 1882 – Lord Frederick Cavendish, Anglo-Irish politician, Chief Secretary for Ireland (assassinated) (b. 1836)
• 1902 – Bret Harte, American author (b. 1836)
• 1910 – Edward VII of the United Kingdom (b. 1841)
• 1913 – Alexandros Schinas, Greek assassin of George I of Greece (b. 1870)
• 1919 – L. Frank Baum, American author (b. 1856)
• 1939 – Konstantin Somov, Russian-French painter (b. 1869)
• 1949 – Maurice Maeterlinck, Belgian-French poet and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1862)
• 1951 – Élie Cartan, French mathematician (b. 1869)
• 1952 – Maria Montessori, Italian-Dutch physician and educator (b. 1870)
• 1959 – Ragnar Nurkse, Estonian-American economist and academic (b. 1907)
• 1961 – Lucian Blaga, Romanian poet, playwright, and philosopher (b. 1895)
• 1963 – Theodore von Kármán, Hungarian-American physicist (b. 1881)
• 1963 – Ted Weems, American violin player, and trombonist, and bandleader (b. 1901)
• 1963 – Monty Woolley, American actor and director (b. 1888)
• 1967 – Zhou Zuoren, Chinese author (b. 1885)
• 1970 – Aleksandr Rodzyanko, Russian general (b. 1879)
• 1972 – Deniz Gezmiş, Turkish activist (b. 1947)
• 1973 – Ernest MacMillan, Canadian conductor and composer (b. 1893)
• 1975 – József Mindszenty, Hungarian cardinal (b. 1892)
• 1981 – Frank O'Grady, Australian public servant (b. 1900)
• 1983 – Ezra Jack Keats, American author and illustrator (b. 1916)
• 1983 – Kai Winding, Danish-American trombonist and composer (b. 1922)
• 1984 – Mary Cain, American journalist and politician (b. 1904)
• 1984 – Bonner Pink, English politician (b. 1912)
• 1985 – Julie Vega, Filipino actress and singer (b. 1968)
• 1987 – William J. Casey, American politician, 13th Director of Central Intelligence (b. 1913)
• 1989 – Earl Blaik, American football player and coach (b. 1897)
• 1990 – Charles Farrell, American actor and singer (b. 1901)
• 1991 – Wilfrid Hyde-White, English actor (b. 1903)
• 1992 – Marlene Dietrich, German-American actress and singer (b. 1901)
• 1992 – Gaston Reiff, Belgian runner (b. 1921)
• 1992 – Jilly Rizzo, American businessman and actor (b. 1917)
• 1993 – Ann Todd, English actress and producer (b. 1909)
• 1995 – Noel Brotherston, Irish footballer (b. 1956)
• 1995 – Maria Pia de Saxe-Coburgo e Bragança, Portuguese woman who claimed to be the daughter of Carlos I of Portugal (b. 1907)
• 2000 – Gordon McClymont, Australian ecologist and educator (b. 1920)
• 2001 – Mike Hazlewood, English songwriter and musician (b. 1941)
• 2002 – Murray Adaskin, Canadian violinist, composer, conductor, and educator (b. 1906)
• 2002 – Otis Blackwell, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1932)
• 2002 – Pim Fortuyn, Dutch sociologist, academic, and politician (b. 1948)
• 2003 – Art Houtteman, American baseball player and journalist (b. 1927)
• 2004 – Philip Kapleau, American educator (b. 1912)
• 2004 – Barney Kessel, American guitarist and composer (The Wrecking Crew) (b. 1923)
• 2004 – Virginia Capers, American actress (b. 1925)
• 2006 – Lillian Asplund, American survivor of the Sinking of the RMS Titanic (b. 1906)
• 2006 – Shigeru Kayano, Japanese activist (b. 1926)
• 2006 – Grant McLennan, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Go-Betweens and Jack Frost) (b. 1958)
• 2006 – Lorne Saxberg, Canadian journalist (b. 1958)
• 2007 – Enéas Carneiro, Brazilian physician and politician (b. 1938)
• 2007 – Curtis Harrington, American actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1926)
• 2007 – Đorđe Novković, Croatian songwriter (b. 1943)
• 2009 – Kevin Grubb, American race car driver (b. 1978)
• 2009 – Viola Wills, American singer (b. 1939)
• 2010 – Robin Roberts, American baseball player, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Fahd al-Quso, Yemeni terrorist (b. 1974)
• 2012 – James R. Browning, American judge (b. 1918)
• 2012 – Pat Frink, American basketball player (b. 1945)
• 2012 – Iraj Ghaderi, Iranian actor and director (b. 1935)
• 2012 – James Isaac, American director, producer, and visual effects specialist (b. 1960)
• 2012 – Jean Laplanche, French psychoanalyst and author (b. 1924)
• 2012 – George Lindsey, American actor (b. 1928)
• 2013 – Giulio Andreotti, Italian journalist and politician, 41st Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1919)
• 2013 – Steve Carney, English footballer (b. 1957)
• 2013 – Diana Keppel, Countess of Albemarle (b. 1909)
• 2013 – Esperanza Magaz, Cuban-Venezuelan actress (b. 1922)
• 2013 – Severo Aparicio Quispe, Peruvian bishop (b. 1923)
• 2013 – Michelangelo Spensieri, Italian-Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1949)

Maria Lassnig

• 2014 – Wil Albeda, Dutch economist and politician, Dutch Minister of Social Affairs (b. 1925)
• 2014 – Bill Dana, American pilot and astronaut (b. 1930)
• 2014 – Jimmy Ellis, American boxer (b. 1940)
• 2014 – Billy Harrell, American baseball player (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Antony Hopkins, English pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1921)
• 2014 – Maria Lassnig, Austrian painter (b. 1919)
• 2014 – Farley Mowat, Canadian environmentalist and author (b. 1921)

US approves ferry service between Cuba and Florida

Ferries could be set to run between Florida and Cuba for the first time in more than 50 years after the US government approved new services.

Services between the two countries stopped when the US imposed a trade embargo on Cuba in 1960.

But Washington announced the restoration of diplomatic ties in December last year.

The US government has now lifted the ban and a number of ferry companies say they have been given licences.

"Today's action was a great step forward," said Joseph Hinson, president of the Miami-based United Americas Shipping Services.

"If all goes smoothly we could have things up and running by September."

Havana Ferry Partners of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, said it also had a licence.

"This is a historical event. Thanks to President Barack Obama, to whom we are very grateful, for his leadership," the firm wrote on its Facebook page.

Cargo

BBC Cuba correspondent Will Grant says the latest announcement does not necessarily mean that boats will start launching for Cuban shores straight away, as there are bureaucratic hurdles to overcome in both countries.

However, it is another indication of Washington's desire to put the policies of isolating Cuba in the past and begin a new era of co-operation, he adds.

A new charter flight service from New York City, operated by JetBlue, had already been announced.

The service was agreed during a recent trade delegation of New York-based companies to Cuba, led by state governor Andrew Cuomo. 

Despite the new flights and ferry services, a travel ban on Cuba is still in place for American citizens.

Only those who have the right paperwork in 12 different categories are permitted to visit the island.

Ferries will also be allowed to transport cargo to Cuba, which sits 150km (90 miles) from southern Florida.

Evolution of 50 years of pop music tracked

The evolution of western pop music, spanning from 1960 to 2010, has been analysed by scientists.

A team from Queen Mary University of London and Imperial College London looked at more than 17,000 songs from the US Billboard Hot 100.

They found three music revolutions - in 1964, 1983 and 1991 - and traced the loss of blues chords from the charts, as well as the birth of disco. 

The study is published in the Royal Society Open Science journal.

The team also refuted claims that pop music is starting to sound the same.

Dr Matthias Mauch, from Queen Mary University of London, said: "What is really fascinating to see is how has diversity has changed - we can measure whether the charts have become more bland.

"Many people claim music is getting worse and worse, and we didn't really find anything like that. There is not an overall trend for the composition, the musical ingredients of the charts, to become less diverse."

The researchers looked at the different characteristics of music, including harmony, chords changes and timbres (the tonal quality of the music), and then analysed how they changed over time.

In the early 1960s, chords called dominant sevenths, found in jazz and blues started to die out.

Instead, in 1964 the invasion of British bands - from the Beatles to the Rolling Stones - introduced a radical new rocky sound. 

The researchers say this was this the first of three stylistic revolutions - periods of extremely rapid change within the charts.

New technology, synthesisers, samplers and drum machines, drove a second major style shift in 1983. 

The third, in 1991, came about when rap and hip-hop went mainstream.

"The third revolution is the biggest," explained Dr Mauch.

"This is so prominent in our analysis, because we looked at harmony - and rap and hip-hop don't use a lot of harmony. The emphasis is on speech sounds and rhythm.

"This was a real revolution: suddenly it was possible that you had a pop song without harmony."

The researchers say that some musical changes were slower to become embedded within the charts, but still had a big impact.

"The minor seventh chords were introduced through funk, soul and disco in the 1970s," said Dr Mauch. 

"That didn't cause a revolution, but these chords were not present before - and they haven't gone away since. New songs still heavily use these chords." 

The researchers found that music constantly evolved and change throughout the 50-year period.

However, there was a blip - the introduction of arena rock in the 1980s meant that, for a while, music lacked diversity.

Dr Mauch said: "A lot of hair metal and stadium rock, like Bon Jovi and Bruce Spingsteen, came into the charts, and they had a bigger share of the overall charts. 

"But then rap and hip-hop came in. I think that hip-hop saved the charts."

 

 

Το πολυτελέστατο σκάφος διαθέτει 165 διαμερίσματα και ταξιδεύει σε όλον τον κόσμο

Πώς θα σας φαινόταν η ιδέα να μπορείτε να ταξιδεύετε σε όλον τον κόσμο, χωρίς όμως να εγκαταλείπετε κάθε φορά την άνεση και την ασφάλεια του δικού σας προσωπικού χώρου; 

Το κρουαζιερόπλοιο πολυτελείας «World» διαθέτει 165 διαμερίσματα, προσφέροντας στους ιδιώτες τη δυνατότητα να ζήσουν μέσα σε ένα κρουαζιερόπλοιο, ταξιδεύοντας στα πιο απομακρυσμένα και τα πιο εξωτικά μέρη στον κόσμο.

Το μήκους 196 μέτρων κρουαζιερόπλοιο θεωρείται ως η μοναδική ιδιωτική, κατοικημένη κοινότητα… θαλάσσης, με τα studio διαμερίσματά του να πωλούνται για πάνω από 1 εκατ. δολάρια και τις σουίτες να κοστολογούνται μέχρι και στα 13 εκατ. δολάρια.

Από τις 165… εν πλω κατοικίες οι 130 ανήκουν σε ιδιώτες απ’ όλον τον κόσμο, ενώ ένας μικρός αριθμός διατίθεται προς μεταπώληση κάθε χρόνο. 



Κι αν οι τιμές ή η ιδέα σας ακούγονται εξωπραγματικές, σύμφωνα με τη MailOnline η ζήτηση είναι τόσο μεγάλη που υπάρχει λίστα αναμονής για κάποια από τα διαμερίσματα, όπως τα τρίκλινα ή το εξάκλινο ρετιρέ που μπορεί να φιλοξενήσει έως και 12 άτομα.



Το κρουαζιερόπλοιο διαθέτει γήπεδο τένις, εγκαταστάσεις σπα και γυμναστήριο, πισίνες και μια τεράστια κάβα 12.000 τίτλων κρασιού. Ακόμη, διαθέτει έξι εστιατόρια, αρκετά μπαρ, δωμάτιο για τσάι, προσομοιωτή γκολφ, βιβλιοθήκη και αίθουσα κινηματογράφου.



Ο μέσος χρόνος παραμονής των ιδιοκτητών των διαμερισμάτων στο κρουαζιερόπλοιο κυμαίνεται ανάμεσα στους 3 με 6 μήνες το χρόνο.

Από το 2002 που ξεκίνησε τα ταξίδια της η… πλωτή αυτή πόλη, το «World» έχει επισκεφθεί περισσότερα από 900 λιμάνια σε πάνω από 140 χώρες στον κόσμο.



Φέτος αναμένεται να αναχωρήσει από τη Σιγκαπούρη και να επισκεφθεί τα εξωτικά νησιά της νοτιοανατολικής Ασίας, προτού βάλει πλώρη για Μαλδίβες και Σεϋχέλλες. 



Τον Απρίλιο αναμένεται να φτάσει στην Ευρώπη, κάνοντας στάσεις σε πολλές χώρες της Μεσογείου, ενώ τον Αύγουστο θα αναχωρήσει για το Σαουθάμπτον της Αγγλίας. Από εκεί θα κατευθυνθεί προς την Κορνουάλλη, ενώ σειρά θα έχει το Δουβλίνο, οι νήσοι Φερόες, η Ισλανδία και η Γροιλανδία. Πριν τελειώσει η χρονιά, οι κάτοικοι του κρουαζιερόπλοιου θα έχουν επισκεφθεί ακόμη τον Καναδά, τις ΗΠΑ και πολλές χώρες της Νότιας Αμερικής.



Το τελευταίο ταξίδι του 2015 θα είναι στην Ανταρκτική. 

[edit]

• 351 – The Jewish revolt against Gallus breaks out. After his arrival at Antioch, the Jews begin a rebellion in Palestine.
• 558 – In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses. Justinian I immediately orders that the dome be rebuilt.
• 1274 – In France, the Second Council of Lyon opens to regulate the election of the Pope.
• 1429 – Joan of Arc ends the Siege of Orléans, pulling an arrow from her own shoulder and returning, wounded, to lead the final charge. The victory marks a turning point in the Hundred Years' War.
• 1487 – The Siege of Málaga commences during the Spanish Reconquista.
• 1664 – Louis XIV of France begins construction of the Palace of Versailles.
• 1697 – Stockholm's royal castle (dating back to medieval times) is destroyed by fire. It is replaced by the current Royal Palace in the eighteenth century.
• 1718 – The city of New Orleans is founded by Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville.
• 1763 – Pontiac's War begins with Pontiac's attempt to seize Fort Detroit from the British.
• 1794 – French Revolution: Robespierre introduces the Cult of the Supreme Being in the National Convention as the new state religion of the French First Republic.
• 1824 – World premiere of Ludwig van Beethoven's Ninth Symphony in Vienna, Austria. The performance is conducted by Michael Umlauf under the composer's supervision.
• 1832 – The independence of Greece is recognized by the Treaty of London. Otto of Wittelsbach, Prince of Bavaria is chosen King.
• 1840 – The Great Natchez Tornado strikes Natchez, Mississippi killing 317 people. It is the second deadliest tornado in United States history.
• 1846 – The Cambridge Chronicle, America's oldest surviving weekly newspaper, is published for the first time in Cambridge, Massachusetts
• 1847 – The American Medical Association is founded in Philadelphia.
• 1864 – American Civil War: The Army of the Potomac, under General Ulysses S. Grant, breaks off from the Battle of the Wilderness and moves southwards.
• 1864 – The world's oldest surviving clipper ship, the City of Adelaide is launched by William Pile, Hay and Co. in Sunderland, England, for transporting passengers and goods between Britain and Australia.
• 1895 – In Saint Petersburg, Russian scientist Alexander Stepanovich Popov demonstrates to the Russian Physical and Chemical Society his invention, the Popov lightning detector — a primitive radio receiver. In some parts of the former Soviet Union the anniversary of this day is celebrated as Radio Day.
• 1915 – World War I: German submarine U-20 sinks RMS Lusitania, killing 1,198 people including 128 Americans. Public reaction to the sinking turns many formerly pro-Germans in the United States against the German Empire
• 1915 – Japanese 21 Demands Ultimatum to China (Commemorated as National Day of Humiliation)
• 1920 – Kiev Offensive: Polish troops led by Józef Piłsudski and Edward Rydz-Śmigły and assisted by a symbolic Ukrainian force capture Kiev only to be driven out by the Red Army counter-offensive a month later.
• 1920 – Treaty of Moscow: Soviet Russia recognizes the independence of the Democratic Republic of Georgia only to invade the country six months later.
• 1920 – The Art Gallery of Ontario, in Toronto, opens the first exhibition by the Group of Seven.
• 1937 – Spanish Civil War: The German Condor Legion, equipped with Heinkel He 51 biplanes, arrives in Spain to assist Francisco Franco's forces.
• 1940 – The Norway Debate in the British House of Commons begins, and leads to the replacement of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain with Winston Churchill three days later.
• 1942 – During the Battle of the Coral Sea, United States Navy aircraft carrier aircraft attack and sink the Japanese Imperial Navy light aircraft carrier Shōhō. The battle marks the first time in the naval history that two enemy fleets fight without visual contact between warring ships.

The front page of The Montreal Daily Star announcing the German surrender. May 7, 1945

• 1945 – World War II: General Alfred Jodl signs unconditional surrender terms at Reims, France, ending Germany's participation in the war. The document takes effect the next day.
• 1946 – Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering (later renamed Sony) is founded with around 20 employees.
• 1948 – The Council of Europe is founded during the Hague Congress.
• 1952 – The concept of the integrated circuit, the basis for all modern computers, is first published by Geoffrey W.A. Dummer.
• 1954 – Indochina War: The Battle of Dien Bien Phu ends in a French defeat and a Vietnamese victory (the battle began on March 13).
• 1960 – Cold War: U-2 Crisis of 1960 – Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announces that his nation is holding American U-2 pilot Gary Powers.
• 1964 – Pacific Air Lines Flight 773, a Fairchild F-27 airliner, crashes near San Ramon, California, killing all 44 aboard; the FBI later reports that a cockpit recorder tape indicates that the pilot and co-pilot had been shot by a suicidal passenger.
• 1974 – West German Chancellor Willy Brandt resigns.
• 1986 – Canadian Patrick Morrow becomes the first person to climb each of the Seven Summits.
• 1992 – Michigan ratifies a 203-year-old proposed amendment to the United States Constitution making the 27th Amendment law. This amendment bars the U.S. Congress from giving itself a mid-term pay raise.
• 1992 – The Space Shuttle Endeavour is launched on its first mission, STS-49.
• 1992 – Three employees at a McDonald's Restaurant in Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada, are brutally murdered and a fourth permanently disabled after a botched robbery. It is the first "fast-food murder" in Canada.
• 1994 – Edvard Munch's iconic painting The Scream is recovered undamaged after being stolen from the National Gallery of Norway in February.
• 1998 – Mercedes-Benz buys Chrysler for $40 billion USD and forms DaimlerChrysler in the largest industrial merger in history.
• 1999 – Pope John Paul II travels to Romania becoming the first pope to visit a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the Great Schism in 1054.
• 1999 – Kosovo War: In Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, three Chinese citizens are killed and 20 wounded when a NATO aircraft bombs the Chinese embassy in Belgrade.
• 1999 – In Guinea-Bissau, President João Bernardo Vieira is ousted in a military coup.
• 2000 – Vladimir Putin is inaugurated as president of Russia.
• 2002 – A China Northern Airlines MD-82 plunges into the Yellow Sea, killing 112 people.
• 2004 – American businessman Nick Berg is beheaded by Islamic militants. The act is recorded on videotape and released on the Internet.
• 2007 – Israeli archaeologists discover the tomb of Herod the Great south of Jerusalem.
• 2009 – Over 100 New Zealand Police officers begin a 40-hour siege of a lone gunman in Napier, New Zealand.
• 2013 – 27 people are killed and more than 30 injured, when a tanker truck crashes and explodes outside Mexico City.

Births[edit]

• 1328 – Louis II, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1365)
• 1530 – Louis, Prince of Condé, French general (d. 1569)
• 1605 – Patriarch Nikon, Russian patriarch (d. 1681)
• 1643 – Stephanus Van Cortlandt, American politician, 10th Mayor of New York City (d. 1700)
• 1700 – Gerard van Swieten, Dutch-American physician (d. 1772)
• 1704 – Carl Heinrich Graun, German tenor and composer (d. 1759)
• 1711 – David Hume, Scottish economist, historian, and philosopher (d. 1776)
• 1724 – Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser, French-Austrian general (d. 1797)
• 1740 – Nikolai Arkharov, Russian police officer (d. 1814)
• 1748 – Olympe de Gouges, French playwright (d. 1793)
• 1763 – Józef Poniatowski, Polish general (d. 1813)
• 1767 – Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia (d. 1820)
• 1774 – William Bainbridge, American commodore (d. 1833)
• 1787 – Jacques Viger, Canadian archaeologist and politician, 1st mayor of Montreal (d. 1858)
• 1812 – Robert Browning, English poet (d. 1889)
• 1826 – Varina Davis, American wife of Jefferson Davis (d. 1906)
• 1833 – Johannes Brahms, German pianist and composer (d. 1897)
• 1836 – Joseph Gurney Cannon, American politician, 40th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1926)
• 1837 – Karl Mauch, German geographer and explorer (d. 1875)
• 1840 – Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Russian composer and educator (d. 1893)
• 1847 – Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1929)
• 1857 – William A. MacCorkle, American lawyer and politician, 9th Governor of West Virginia (d. 1930)
• 1860 – Tom Norman, English businessman (d. 1930)
• 1861 – Rabindranath Tagore, Indian author and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1941)
• 1867 – Władysław Reymont, Polish author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1925)
• 1875 – Bill Hoyt, American pole vaulter (d. 1951)
• 1881 – George E. Wiley, American cyclist (d. 1954)
• 1882 – Willem Elsschot, Flemish poet (d. 1960)
• 1885 – George "Gabby" Hayes, American actor and singer (d. 1969)
• 1889 – Viktor Puskar, Estonian colonel (d. 1943)
• 1891 – Harry McShane, Scottish engineer and activist (d. 1988)
• 1892 – Archibald MacLeish, American poet, playwright, and lawyer (d. 1982)
• 1892 – Josip Broz Tito, Yugoslav field marshal and politician, 1st President of Yugoslavia (d. 1980)
• 1893 – Frank J. Selke, Canadian ice hockey coach and manager (d. 1985)
• 1899 – Alfred Gerrard, English sculptor (d. 1998)
• 1901 – Gary Cooper, American actor and singer (d. 1961)
• 1903 – Jimmy Ball, Canadian sprinter (d. 1988)
• 1904 – Kurt Weitzmann, German-American historian (d. 1993)
• 1906 – Eric Krenz, American discus thrower and shot putter (d. 1931)
• 1909 – Edwin H. Land, American scientist and inventor, co-founded the Polaroid Corporation (d. 1991)
• 1911 – Ishirō Honda, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1993)
• 1911 – Rıfat Ilgaz, Turkish teacher, poet, and writer (d. 1993)
• 1912 – Pannalal Patel, Indian author (d. 1989)
• 1913 – John Spencer Hardy, American general (d. 2012)
• 1913 – Simon Ramo, American physicist and engineer
• 1914 – Arthur Snelling, English civil servant and diplomat. British Ambassador to South Africa (d. 1996)
• 1916 – Huw Wheldon, Welsh-English broadcaster (d. 1986)
• 1916 – W. B. Young, Scottish rugby player (d. 2013)
• 1917 – Domenico Bartolucci, Italian cardinal (d. 2013)
• 1917 – Lenox Hewitt, Australian public servant
• 1917 – David Tomlinson, English actor and singer (d. 2000)
• 1919 – La Esterella, Flemish singer (d. 2011)
• 1919 – Eva Perón, Argentinian actress, 25th First Lady of Argentina (d. 1952)
• 1921 – Asa Briggs, Baron Briggs, English historian and academic
• 1921 – Gaston Rébuffat, French mountaineer (d. 1985)
• 1922 – Lew Anderson, American actor and singer (d. 2006)
• 1922 – Darren McGavin, American actor and director (d. 2006)
• 1922 – Joe O'Donnell, American photographer and journalist (d. 2007)
• 1923 – Anne Baxter, American actress (d. 1985)
• 1924 – Albert Band, French-American director and producer (d. 2002)
• 1925 – Lauri Vaska, Estonian-American chemist and academic
• 1926 – Val Bisoglio, American actor
• 1927 – Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, German-American author and screenwriter (d. 2013)
• 1927 – Jim Lowe, American singer-songwriter
• 1928 – John Ingle, American actor (d. 2012)
• 1929 – Babe Parilli, American football player and coach
• 1929 – Dick Williams, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 2011)
• 1930 – Totie Fields, American actress and author (d. 1978)
• 1930 – John Smith, Baron Kirkhill, English politician
• 1931 – Teresa Brewer, American singer (d. 2007)
• 1931 – Gene Wolfe, American author
• 1932 – Jordi Bonet, Spanish-Canadian painter and sculptor (d. 1979)
• 1932 – Alan Cuthbert, English pharmacologist and academic
• 1932 – Pete Domenici, American politician
• 1933 – Nexhmije Pagarusha, Kosovar singer and actress
• 1933 – Johnny Unitas, American football player and sportscaster (d. 2002)
• 1935 – Avraham Heffner, Israeli actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
• 1935 – Michael Hopkins, English architect
• 1936 – Bobby Joe Green, American football player and coach (d. 1993)
• 1936 – Robin Hanbury-Tenison, English explorer and author
• 1936 – Tony O'Reilly, Irish rugby player and businessman
• 1936 – Jimmy Ruffin, American singer (d. 2014)
• 1937 – Claude Raymond, Canadian baseball player and coach
• 1939 – Sidney Altman, Canadian-American biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1939 – Ruggero Deodato, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1939 – Ruud Lubbers, Dutch politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands
• 1939 – Clive Soley, Baron Soley, English politician
• 1939 – Marco St. John, American actor
• 1940 – Angela Carter, English author and journalist (d. 1992)
• 1940 – Dave Chambers, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1940 – Jim Connors, American radio host (d. 1987)
• 1941 – Lawrence Collins, Baron Collins of Mapesbury, English judge
• 1943 – Terry Allen, American singer and painter
• 1943 – Harvey Andrews, English singer-songwriter and poet
• 1943 – Peter Carey, Australian author
• 1944 – Eva Norvind, Norwegian-Mexican actress, director, and producer (d. 2006)
• 1944 – Richard O'Sullivan, English actor
• 1945 – Christy Moore, Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist (Planxty and Moving Hearts)
• 1945 – Robin Strasser, American actress
• 1946 – Thelma Houston, American singer-songwriter and actress (Sisters of Glory)
• 1946 – Marv Hubbard, American football player (d. 2015)
• 1946 – Bill Kreutzmann, American drummer (Grateful Dead, The Other Ones, The Dead, 7 Walkers, Rhythm Devils, and BK3)
• 1946 – Jerry Nolan, American drummer (The New York Dolls, The Heartbreakers, and The Pleasure Seekers/Cradle) (d. 1992)
• 1946 – Michael Rosen, English author and poet
• 1946 – Brian Turner, English chef
• 1948 – Susan Atkins, American murderer (d. 2009)
• 1949 – Kathy Ahern, American golfer (d. 1996)
• 1949 – Deborah Butterfield, American sculptor
• 1949 – Marilyn Cole, English model and journalist
• 1950 – Randall "Tex" Cobb, American boxer and actor
• 1950 – Tim Russert, American journalist (d. 2008)
• 1951 – Robert Hegyes, American actor and director (d. 2012)
• 1951 – Bernie Marsden, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Whitesnake, Paice Ashton Lord, Babe Ruth, and The Snakes)
• 1951 – Raia Prokhovnik, Political scientist
• 1952 – Stanley Dickens, Swedish race car driver
• 1953 – Müslüm Gürses, Turkish singer and actor (d. 2013)
• 1953 – Pat McInally, American football player and coach
• 1953 – Ian McKay, English sergeant, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1982)
• 1953 – Frank Michael, Italian-Belgian singer
• 1954 – Philippe Geluck, Belgian cartoonist
• 1954 – Joanna Haigh, English physicist
• 1954 – Amy Heckerling, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1955 – Florența Crăciunescu, Romanian discus thrower (d. 2008)
• 1955 – Clément Gignac, Canadian politician
• 1955 – Ben Poquette, American basketball player
• 1955 – Peter Reckell, American actor
• 1955 – Axel Zwingenberger, German pianist and songwriter
• 1956 – Jan Peter Balkenende, Dutch politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands
• 1956 – Anne Dudley, English pianist and composer (Art of Noise)
• 1956 – Nicholas Hytner, English director and producer
• 1956 – Jean Lapierre, Canadian talk show host and politician
• 1956 – Calum MacDonald, Scottish politician
• 1957 – Hercules, American wrestler (d. 2004)
• 1957 – Ned Bellamy, American actor
• 1958 – Mikhail Biryukov, Russian footballer and manager
• 1958 – Mark G. Kuzyk, American physicist and academic
• 1958 – Anne Marie Rafferty, English nurse and academic
• 1959 – Michael E. Knight, American actor
• 1959 – Georgiy Kolnootchenko, Belarusian discus thrower
• 1959 – Heiki Valk, Estonian archeologist and academic
• 1959 – Barbara Yung, Hong Kong actress (d. 1985)
• 1960 – Adam Bernstein, American director and screenwriter
• 1960 – Ara Darzi, Baron Darzi of Denham, Iraqi-English surgeon and academic
• 1960 – Almudena Grandes, Spanish author
• 1961 – Hans-Peter Bartels, German politician
• 1961 – Sue Black, Scottish anthropologist and academic
• 1961 – Phil Campbell, Welsh guitarist and songwriter (Motörhead and Persian Risk)
• 1961 – Ivar Must, Estonian composer and producer
• 1962 – Tony Campbell, American basketball player and coach
• 1962 – Judith Donath, American computer scientist
• 1962 – Dominik Moll, German-French director and screenwriter
• 1963 – Johnny Lee Middleton, American bass player and songwriter (Savatage and Trans-Siberian Orchestra)
• 1964 – Doug Benson, American comedian and actor
• 1964 – Ronnie Harmon, American football player
• 1964 – Denis Mandarino, Brazilian guitarist, composer, and painter
• 1964 – Leslie O'Neal, American football player
• 1965 – Reuben Davis, American football player
• 1965 – Owen Hart, Canadian-American wrestler (d. 1999)
• 1965 – Norman Whiteside, Irish footballer and manager
• 1965 – Huang Zhihong, Chinese shot putter
• 1967 – Martin Bryant, Australian spree killer
• 1967 – Adam Price, Danish chef and screenwriter
• 1967 – Joe Rice, American colonel and politician
• 1968 – Traci Lords, American actress, singer, director, and producer
• 1968 – Lisa Raitt, Canadian politician
• 1968 – Florian Schwarthoff, German hurdler
• 1969 – Eagle-Eye Cherry, Swedish singer-songwriter
• 1969 – Jun Falkenstein, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1969 – Katerina Maleeva, Bulgarian tennis player
• 1969 – Rick Porras, American director and producer
• 1970 – Kim Su-ro, South Korean actor
• 1971 – Reidar Horghagen, Norwegian drummer (Immortal, Hypocrisy, and Grimfist)
• 1971 – Dave Karpa, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1971 – Ivan Sergei, American actor
• 1972 – Peter Dubovský, Czech-Slovak footballer (d. 2000)
• 1972 – Jennifer Yuh Nelson, South Korean-American animator
• 1972 – Frank Trigg, American mixed martial artist and wrestler
• 1973 – Kristian Lundin, Swedish songwriter and producer
• 1973 – Paolo Savoldelli, Italian cyclist
• 1974 – Lawrence Johnson, American pole vaulter
• 1974 – Breckin Meyer, American actor and screenwriter
• 1974 – Ian Pearce, English footballer and manager
• 1975 – Nicole Sheridan, American porn actress
• 1975 – Martina Topley-Bird, English singer-songwriter
• 1975 – Jason Tunks, Canadian discus thrower
• 1976 – Calvin Booth, American basketball player
• 1976 – Andrea Lo Cicero, Italian rugby player
• 1976 – Michael P. Murphy, American lieutenant, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 2005)
• 1976 – Berke Hatipoğlu, Turkish architect, musician, and lead guitarist
• 1977 – Lisa Kelly, Irish singer (Celtic Woman)
• 1978 – Stian Arnesen, Norwegian guitarist, drummer, and songwriter (The Kovenant, Dimmu Borgir, and Carpe Tenebrum)
• 1978 – James Carter, American hurdler
• 1978 – Brian Clevinger, American author
• 1978 – Shawn Marion, American basketball player
• 1978 – Stephanie Pohl, German volleyball player
• 1979 – Katie Douglas, American basketball player
• 1979 – Nikki Hayes, Irish radio host
• 1980 – Johan Kenkhuis, Dutch swimmer
• 1980 – Kate Lawler, English model and radio host
• 1981 – Tim Connolly, American ice hockey player
• 1981 – Rae Edwards, American sprinter
• 1982 – Ákos Buzsáky, Hungarian footballer
• 1983 – DJ Row, Greek-American DJ and producer
• 1984 – May7ven, Nigerian-English singer-songwriter and producer
• 1984 – James Loney, American baseball player
• 1984 – Alex Smith, American football player
• 1984 – Drew Stanton, American football player
• 1984 – Kevin Steen, Canadian professional wrestler
• 1985 – Drew Neitzel, American basketball player
• 1985 – Dan Sweetman, Australian television host
• 1986 – Mark Furze, Australian actor and singer
• 1986 – Matt Helders, English drummer (Arctic Monkeys and Mongrel)
• 1987 – Aidy Bryant, American actress
• 1987 – Serge Gakpé, Togolese footballer
• 1987 – Michael Hinz, German footballer
• 1987 – Anissa Kate, French porn actress and director
• 1987 – Asami Konno, Japanese singer (Morning Musume Ongaku Gatas, Tanpopo, and Country Musume)
• 1987 – Michael Maidens, English footballer (d. 2007)
• 1987 – Jérémy Ménez, French footballer
• 1987 – Mark Reynolds Scottish footballer
• 1988 – Eino Puri, Estonian footballer
• 1988 – Sander Puri, Estonian footballer
• 1989 – Master Shortie, English rapper and producer
• 1989 – Raina, South Korean singer, dancer, model and rapper (After School)
• 1990 – Yoon Bit-Garam, South Korean footballer
• 1992 – Alexander Ludwig, Canadian actor
• 1997 – Darya Kasatkina, Russian tennis player
• 1999 – Masaki Sato, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
• 2000 – Maxwell Perry Cotton, American actor

Deaths[edit]

• 685 – Marwan I, Umayyah caliph (b. 623)
• 973 – Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 912)
• 1092 – Remigius de Fécamp, English monk and bishop
• 1427 – Thomas la Warr, 5th Baron De La Warr, English priest (b. 1352)
• 1523 – Franz von Sickingen, German knight (b. 1481)
• 1539 – Ottaviano Petrucci, Italian printer (b. 1466)
• 1617 – David Fabricius, German astronomer and theologian (b. 1564)
• 1667 – Johann Jakob Froberger, German organist and composer (b. 1616)
• 1682 – Feodor III of Russia (b. 1661)
• 1718 – Mary of Modena (b. 1658)
• 1793 – Pietro Nardini, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1722)
• 1800 – Niccolò Piccinni, Italian composer (b. 1728)
• 1805 – William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne, Irish-English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1737)
• 1815 – Jabez Bowen, American colonel and politician, 45th Deputy Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1739)
• 1825 – Antonio Salieri, Italian composer and conductor (b. 1750)
• 1840 – Caspar David Friedrich, German painter (b. 1774)
• 1868 – Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux, Scottish politician, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1778)
• 1872 – Alexander Loyd, American politician, 4th Mayor of Chicago (b. 1805)
• 1876 – William Buell Sprague, American clergyman and author (b. 1795)
• 1887 – C. F. W. Walther, German-American theologian (b. 1811)
• 1896 – H. H. Holmes, American serial killer (b. 1860)
• 1902 – Agostino Roscelli, Italian priest and saint (b. 1818)
• 1922 – Max Wagenknecht, German composer (b. 1857)
• 1924 – Alluri Sita Rama Raju, Indian activist (b. 1897)
• 1925 – William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme, English businessman and politician (b. 1851)
• 1937 – Ernst A. Lehmann, German captain (b. 1886)
• 1940 – George Lansbury, English journalist and politician (b. 1859)
• 1941 – James George Frazer, Scottish-English anthropologist and academic (b. 1854)
• 1942 – Felix Weingartner, Croatian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1863)
• 1943 – Fethi Okyar, Turkish diplomat and politician (b. 1880)
• 1946 – Herbert Macaulay, Nigerian journalist and politician (b. 1864)
• 1951 – Warner Baxter, American actor and singer (b. 1889)
• 1958 – Mihkel Lüdig, Estonian organist, composer, and conductor (b. 1880)
• 1978 – Mort Weisinger, American journalist and author (b. 1915)
• 1986 – Jeffrey Mylett, American actor (b. 1949)
• 1986 – Haldun Taner, Turkish playwright and short story writer (b. 1915)
• 1987 – Colin Blakely, Irish-English actor (b. 1930)
• 1987 – Paul Popham, American soldier and activist, co-founded Gay Men's Health Crisis (b. 1941)
• 1989 – Guy Williams, American actor (b. 1924)
• 1990 – Sam Tambimuttu, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician (b. 1932)
• 1993 – Mary Philbin, American actress (b. 1903)
• 1995 – Ray McKinley, American drummer, singer, and bandleader (Glenn Miller Orchestra) (b. 1910)
• 1998 – Allan McLeod Cormack, South African physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1924)
• 1998 – Eddie Rabbitt, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1941)
• 2000 – Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., American captain, actor, and producer (b. 1909)
• 2001 – Jacques de Bourbon-Busset, French author and politician (b. 1912)
• 2002 – Kevyn Aucoin, American makeup artist and photographer (b. 1962)
• 2002 – Robert Kanigher, American author (b. 1915)
• 2002 – Seattle Slew, American race horse (b. 1974)
• 2004 – Waldemar Milewicz, Polish journalist (b. 1956)
• 2005 – Tristan Egolf, American author and activist (b. 1971)
• 2005 – Peter W. Rodino, American politician (b. 1909)
• 2005 – Otilino Tenorio, Ecuadorian footballer (b. 1980)
• 2006 – Richard Carleton, Australian journalist (b. 1943)
• 2006 – Joan C. Edwards, American singer (b. 1918)
• 2006 – Machiko Soga, Japanese actress (b. 1943)
• 2007 – Diego Corrales, American boxer (b. 1977)
• 2007 – Octavian Paler, Romanian journalist and politician (b. 1926)
• 2007 – Yahweh ben Yahweh, American cult leader, founded the Nation of Yahweh (b. 1935)
• 2007 – Nicholas Worth, American actor (b. 1937)
• 2009 – Mickey Carroll, American actor (b. 1919)
• 2009 – David Mellor, English designer (b. 1930)
• 2009 – Danny Ozark, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1923)
• 2011 – Seve Ballesteros, Spanish golfer (b. 1957)
• 2011 – Willard Boyle, Canadian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1924)
• 2011 – Big George, English songwriter, producer, and radio host (b. 1957)
• 2011 – Allyson Hennessy, Trinidadian journalist (b. 1948)
• 2012 – Sammy Barr, Scottish union leader (b. 1931)
• 2012 – Ferenc Bartha, Hungarian economist (b. 1943)
• 2012 – Jules Bocandé, Senegalese footballer and manager (b. 1958)
• 2012 – Andrea Crisanti, Italian production designer and art director (b. 1936)
• 2012 – Dennis E. Fitch, American captain and pilot (b. 1942)
• 2013 – Romanthony, American singer and producer (b. 1967)
• 2013 – Ray Harryhausen, American animator, director, and producer (b. 1920)
• 2013 – Ferruccio Mazzola, Italian footballer and manager (b. 1948)
• 2013 – Teri Moïse, American singer (b. 1970)
• 2013 – Peter Rauhofer, Austrian DJ and producer (b. 1965)
• 2013 – George Sauer, Jr., American football player (b. 1943)
• 2013 – Aubrey Woods, English actor and singer (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Nazim Al-Haqqani, Cypriot sufi leader (b. 1922)
• 2014 – Neville McNamara, Australian air marshal (b. 1923)
• 2014 – Colin Pillinger, English astronomer, chemist, and academic (b. 1943)
• 2014 – David Prentice, English painter (b. 1936)
• 2014 – Wilbur Rakestraw, American race car driver (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Dick Welteroth, American baseball player (b. 1927)

Πρόεδρος στο ΕΣΡ η Λίνα Αλεξίου, μητέρα της Ζ. Κωνσταντοπούλου!