Ότζι, ο άνθρωπος των πάγων  

σχόλια

Οι ερευνητές δυσκολεύτηκαν να εντοπίσουν το στομάχι του, ώστε να ελέγξουν το περιεχόμενο επειδή είχε μετατοπιστεί ανεξήγητα, προς τα πάνω.

Ίχνη λιπαρού κρέατος, μονόκοκκου σιταριού και δηλητηριώδους φτέρης εντόπισαν ερευνητές του Τεχνολογικού Πανεπιστημίου της Αυστραλίας στο Σίνδνει (UTS) σε συνεργασία με συναδέλφους τους του Ευρωασιατικού Ινστιτούτου Μελετών Μούμιας στην Ιταλία (EIMS) στο στομάχι του Οτζι, του Ανθρώπου των Πάγων ηλικίας 5.300 χρόνων.

Ο Οτζι ανακαλύφθηκε στις Ιταλικές Άλπεις το 1991 από Γερμανούς πεζοπόρους, και πρόκειται για την παλαιότερη φυσικά διατηρημένη μούμια του κόσμου. Διεθνής μελέτη που δόθηκε στη δημοσιότητα και αναφέρεται στο περιεχόμενο που βρέθηκε στο στομάχι του Οτζι, βοήθησε τους ερευνητές να ρίξουν μια εμπεριστατωμένη ματιά στη διατροφή των αρχαίων Ευρωπαίων την εποχή του Χαλκού, πριν από 5.000 χρόνια.

Περίπου η μισή ποσότητα φαγητού στο στομάχι του αποτελείτο από λιπαρό συνδετικό ιστό, πιθανότατα από αλπικό αίγαγρο. Το κρέας ήταν μάλλον καπνιστό επειδή, σύμφωνα με την ερευνητική ομάδα, είχε σωματίδια αιθάλης σε αυτό.

Ο Οτζι βρέθηκε με ένα τόξο και ένα βέλος και τεκμαίρεται ότι ορεσίβιοι σαν κι αυτόν κυνηγούσαν αγριοκάτσικα αναζητώντας μια καλή πηγή διατροφής στο σκληρό αλπικό κλίμα.

Το υψηλό και κρύο περιβάλλον είναι ιδιαίτερα δύσκολο για την ανθρώπινη φυσιολογία και απαιτεί βέλτιστη παροχή θρεπτικών συστατικών για να αποφευχθεί η πείνα και η απώλεια ενέργειας.

Ο Άνθρωπος των Πάγων κατανάλωνε επίσης ένα αρχαίο είδος σιταριού που ονομάζεται μονόκοκκο, καθώς και σπόρους από δηλητηριώδη φτέρη. Δεν είναι ακόμα γνωστό γιατί κατανάλωνε το φυτό αυτό, οι επιστήμονες όμως εικάζουν ότι μπορεί να ήταν σαν ένα είδος φαρμάκου ή πιθανόν να την χρησιμοποίησε για να τυλίξει άλλα τρόφιμα και καταναλώθηκε κατά λάθος.

Αρχικά, οι ερευνητές δυσκολεύτηκαν να εντοπίσουν το στομάχι για να ελέγξουν το περιεχόμενο επειδή είχε ανεξήγητα μετατοπιστεί προς τα πάνω, στην περιοχή όπου πρέπει να βρίσκεται το κάτω μέρος των πνευμόνων.

Ωστόσο, το 2009 όταν έγινε αξονική τομογραφία βρέθηκε το στομάχι και τώρα χρησιμοποιώντας κλασικές μικροσκοπικές και σύγχρονες μοριακές προσεγγίσεις μπορεί να γίνει λεπτομερής ανάλυση του περιεχομένου στο έντερο του Οτζι.

• 622 – The beginning of the Islamic calendar.
• 997 – Battle of Spercheios: Bulgarian forces of Tsar Samuel are defeated by a Byzantine army under general Nikephoros Ouranos at the Spercheios River in Greece.
• 1054 – Three Roman legates break relations between Western and Eastern Christian Churches through the act of placing an invalidly-issued Papal bull of Excommunication on the altar of Hagia Sophia during Saturday afternoon divine liturgy. Historians frequently describe the event as the start of the East–West Schism.
• 1212 – Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: After Pope Innocent III calls European knights to a crusade, forces of Kings Alfonso VIII of Castile, Sancho VII of Navarre, Peter II of Aragon and Afonso II of Portugal defeat those of the Berber Muslim leader Almohad, thus marking a significant turning point in the Reconquista and in the medieval history of Spain.
• 1232 – The Spanish town of Arjona declares independence and names its native Muhammad ibn Yusuf as ruler. This marks the Muhammad's first rise to prominence; he would later establish the Nasrid Emirate of Granada, the last independent Muslim state in Spain.
• 1377 – Richard II of England is crowned.
• 1661 – The first banknotes in Europe are issued by the Swedish bank Stockholms Banco.
• 1683 – Manchu Qing dynasty naval forces under traitorous commander Shi Lang defeat the Kingdom of Tungning in the Battle of Penghu near the Pescadores Islands.
• 1769 – Father Junípero Serra founds California's first mission, Mission San Diego de Alcalá. Over the following decades, it evolves into the city of San Diego, California.
• 1779 – American Revolutionary War: Light infantry of the Continental Army seize a fortified British Army position in a midnight bayonet attack at the Battle of Stony Point.
• 1790 – The District of Columbia is established as the capital of the United States after signature of the Residence Act.
• 1809 – The city of La Paz, in what is today Bolivia, declares its independence from the Spanish Crown during the La Paz revolution and forms the Junta Tuitiva, the first independent government in Spanish America, led by Pedro Domingo Murillo.
• 1849 – Antonio María Claret y Clará founds the Congregation of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, popularly known as the Claretians in Vic, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
• 1861 – American Civil War: At the order of President Abraham Lincoln, Union troops begin a 25-mile march into Virginia for what will become the First Battle of Bull Run, the first major land battle of the war.
• 1862 – American Civil War: David Farragut is promoted to rear admiral, becoming the first officer in United States Navy to hold an admiral rank.
• 1909 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar is forced out as Shah of Persia and is replaced by his son Ahmad Shah Qajar.
• 1910 – John Robertson Duigan makes the first flight of the Duigan pusher biplane, the first aircraft built in Australia.
• 1915 – Henry James becomes a British citizen to highlight his commitment to Britain during the first World War.
• 1915 – First Order of the Arrow ceremony takes place and the Order of the Arrow is founded to honor American Boy Scouts who best exemplify the Scout Oath and Law.
• 1927 – Augusto César Sandino leads a raid on U.S. Marines and Nicaraguan Guardia Nacional that had been sent to apprehend him in the village of Ocotal, but is repulsed by one of the first dive-bombing attacks in history.
• 1931 – Emperor Haile Selassie signs the first constitution of Ethiopia.
• 1935 – The world's first parking meter is installed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
• 1941 – Joe DiMaggio hits safely for the 56th consecutive game, a streak that still stands as an MLB record.
• 1942 – Holocaust: Vel' d'Hiv Roundup (Rafle du Vel' d'Hiv): The government of Vichy France orders the mass arrest of 13,152 Jews who are held at the Winter Velodrome in Paris before deportation to Auschwitz.
• 1945 – World War II: The heavy cruiser USS Indianapolis leaves San Francisco with parts for the atomic bomb "Little Boy" bound for Tinian Island.
• 1945 – Manhattan Project: The Atomic Age begins when the United States successfully detonates a plutonium-based test nuclear weapon near Alamogordo, New Mexico.
• 1948 – Following token resistance, the city of Nazareth, revered by Christians as the hometown of Jesus, capitulates to Israeli troops during Operation Dekel in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
• 1948 – The storming of the cockpit of the Miss Macao passenger seaplane, operated by a subsidiary of the Cathay Pacific Airways, marks the first aircraft hijacking of a commercial plane.
• 1950 – Chaplain–Medic massacre: American POWs are massacred by North Korean Army.
• 1951 – King Leopold III of Belgium abdicates in favor of his son, Baudouin I of Belgium.
• 1956 – Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus closes its last "Big Tent" show in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; due to changing economics all subsequent circus shows will be held in arenas.
• 1965 – The Mont Blanc Tunnel linking France and Italy opens.
• 1965 – South Vietnamese Colonel Phạm Ngọc Thảo, a formerly undetected communist spy and double agent, is hunted down and killed by unknown individuals after being sentenced to death in absentia for a February 1965 coup attempt against Nguyễn Khánh.
• 1969 – Apollo program: Apollo 11, the first mission to land astronauts on the Moon, is launched from the Kennedy Space Center at Cape Kennedy, Florida.
• 1979 – Iraqi President Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr resigns and is replaced by Saddam Hussein.
• 1983 – Sikorsky S-61 disaster: A helicopter crashes off the Isles of Scilly, causing 20 fatalities.
• 1990 – The Luzon earthquake strikes the Philippines with an intensity of 7.7, affecting Benguet, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, La Union, Aurora, Bataan, Zambales and Tarlac.
• 1990 – The Parliament of the Ukrainian SSR declares state sovereignty over the territory of the Ukrainian SSR.
• 1999 – John F. Kennedy Jr., piloting a Piper Saratoga aircraft, dies when his plane crashes into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Martha's Vineyard. His wife and sister-in-law are also killed.
• 2004 – Millennium Park, considered Chicago's first and most ambitious early 21st-century architectural project, is opened to the public by Mayor Richard M. Daley.
• 2007 – An earthquake of magnitude 6.8 and 6.6 aftershock occurs off the Niigata coast of Japan killing eight people, injuring at least 800 and damaging a nuclear power plant.
• 2013 – As many as 27 children die and 25 others are hospitalized after eating lunch served at their school in eastern India.
• 2015 – Four U.S. Marines and one gunman die in a shooting spree targeting military installations in Chattanooga, Tennessee.

• 1194 – Clare of Assisi, Italian nun and saint (d. 1253)
• 1486 – Andrea del Sarto, Italian painter (d. 1530)
• 1517 – Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk, English duchess (d. 1559)
• 1529 – Petrus Peckius the Elder, Dutch jurist, writer on international maritime law (d. 1589)
• 1611 – Cecilia Renata of Austria (d. 1644)
• 1661 – Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, Canadian captain, explorer, and politician (d. 1706)
• 1714 – Marc René, marquis de Montalembert, French engineer and author (d. 1800)
• 1722 – Joseph Wilton, English sculptor and academic (d. 1803)
• 1723 – Joshua Reynolds, English painter and academic (d. 1792)
• 1731 – Samuel Huntington, American jurist and politician, 18th Governor of Connecticut (d. 1796)
• 1749 – Cyrus Griffin, American lawyer, judge, and politician, 16th President of the Continental Congress (d. 1810)
• 1796 – Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, French painter and etcher (d. 1875)
• 1821 – Mary Baker Eddy, American religious leader and author, founded Christian Science (d. 1910)
• 1841 – Nikolai von Glehn, Estonian-German architect and activist (d. 1923)
• 1858 – Eugène Ysaÿe, Belgian violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 1931)
• 1862 – Ida B. Wells, American journalist and activist (d. 1931)
• 1863 – Anderson Dawson, Australian politician, 14th Premier of Queensland (d. 1910)
• 1870 – Lambert McKenna, Irish priest, lexicographer, and scholar (d. 1956)
• 1871 – John Maxwell, American golfer (d. 1906)
• 1872 – Roald Amundsen, Norwegian pilot and explorer (d. 1928)
• 1872 – Frank Cooper, Australian politician, 25th Premier of Queensland (d. 1949)
• 1880 – Kathleen Norris, American journalist and author (d. 1966)
• 1883 – Charles Sheeler, American photographer and painter (d. 1965)
• 1884 – Anna Vyrubova, Russian author (d. 1964)
• 1887 – Shoeless Joe Jackson, American baseball player and manager (d. 1951)
• 1888 – Percy Kilbride, American actor (d. 1964)
• 1888 – Frits Zernike, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1966)
• 1889 – Arthur Bowie Chrisman, American author (d. 1953)
• 1895 – Wilfrid Hamel, Canadian businessman and politician, 35th Mayor of Quebec City (d. 1968)
• 1896 – Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer, German biologist and eugenicist (d. 1969)
• 1896 – Trygve Lie, Norwegian trade union leader and politician, 1st Secretary-General of the United Nations (d. 1968)
• 1902 – Alexander Luria, Russian psychologist and physician (d. 1977)
• 1902 – Mary Philbin, American actress (d. 1993)
• 1903 – Fritz Bauer, German lawyer and judge (d. 1968)
• 1903 – Carmen Lombardo, Canadian singer-songwriter (d. 1971)
• 1903 – Irmgard Flügge-Lotz, German mathematician and engineer (d. 1974)
• 1904 – Goffredo Petrassi, Italian composer and conductor (d. 2003)
• 1906 – Vincent Sherman, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2006)
• 1907 – Frances Horwich, American educator and television host (d. 2001)
• 1907 – Orville Redenbacher, American farmer and businessman, founded Orville Redenbacher's (d. 1995)
• 1907 – Barbara Stanwyck, American actress (d. 1990)
• 1910 – Stan McCabe, Australian cricketer (d. 1968)
• 1910 – Gordon Prange, American historian, author, and academic (d. 1980)
• 1911 – Ginger Rogers, American actress, singer, and dancer (d. 1995)
• 1911 – Sonny Tufts, American actor (d. 1970)
• 1912 – Milt Bocek, American baseball player (d. 2007)
• 1912 – Amy Paterson, Argentine composer, singer, poet, and teacher
• 1915 – Barnard Hughes, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1915 – Elaine Barrie, American actress (d. 2003)
• 1918 – Denis Edward Arnold, English soldier (d. 2015)
• 1918 – Paul Farnes, famed World War II Royal Air Force (RAF) fighter pilot and one of "The Few" surviving pilots of the Battle of Britain
• 1918 – Samuel Victor Perry, English biochemist and rugby player (d. 2009)
• 1919 – Hermine Braunsteiner, Austrian SS officer (d. 1999)
• 1919 – Choi Kyu-hah, South Korean politician, 4th President of South Korea (d. 2006)
• 1920 – Anatole Broyard, American critic and editor (d. 1990)
• 1923 – Chris Argyris, American psychologist, theorist, and academic (d. 2013)
• 1924 – James L. Greenfield, American journalist and politician
• 1924 – Bess Myerson, American model, actress, game show panelist, and politician, Miss America 1945 (d. 2014)
• 1924 – Rupert Deese, Northern Mariana Islander ceramic artist (d. 2010)
• 1925 – Frank Jobe, American sergeant and surgeon (d. 2014)
• 1925 – Rosita Quintana, Argentine actress
• 1926 – Ivica Horvat, Croatian footballer and manager (d. 2012)
• 1926 – Irwin Rose, American biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
• 1927 – Pierre F. Côté, Canadian lawyer and civil servant (d. 2013)
• 1927 – Shirley Hughes, English author and illustrator
• 1927 – Derek Hawksworth, English footballer
• 1928 – Anita Brookner, English novelist and art historian (d. 2016)
• 1928 – Bella Davidovich, Soviet-American pianist
• 1928 – Robert Sheckley, American author and screenwriter (d. 2005)
• 1928 – Jim Rathmann, American race car driver (d. 2011)
• 1928 – Dave Treen, American lawyer and politician, 51st Governor of Louisiana (d. 2009)
• 1928 – Andrzej Zawada, Polish mountaineer and author (d. 2000)
• 1929 – Charles Ray Hatcher, American serial killer (d. 1984)
• 1929 – Sheri S. Tepper, American author and poet
• 1929 – Gaby Tanguy, French swimmer
• 1930 – Guy Béart, Egyptian-French singer-songwriter (d. 2015)
• 1930 – Michael Bilirakis, American lawyer and politician
• 1930 – Bert Rechichar, American football defensive back and kicker
• 1931 – Fergus Gordon Kerr, Scottish Roman Catholic priest of the English Dominican Province
• 1931 – Norm Sherry, American former catcher, manager, and coach in Major League Baseball
• 1932 – John Chilton, English trumpet player and composer (d. 2016)
• 1932 – Max McGee, American football player and sportscaster (d. 2007)
• 1932 – Dick Thornburgh, American lawyer and politician, 76th United States Attorney General
• 1933 – Julian A. Brodsky, American businessman
• 1934 – Donald M. Payne, American educator and politician (d. 2012)
• 1934 – Katherine D. Ortega, 38th Treasurer of the United States
• 1935 – Carl Epting Mundy, Jr., American general (d. 2014)
• 1935 – Lynn Wyatt, American socialite and philanthropist
• 1936 – Yasuo Fukuda, Japanese politician, 91st Prime Minister of Japan
• 1936 – Buddy Merrill, American guitarist
• 1936 – Jerry Norman, American sinologist and linguist (d. 2012)
• 1936 – Venkataraman Subramanya, Indian-Australian cricketer
• 1937 – Richard Bryan, American lawyer and politician, 25th Governor of Nevada
• 1937 – John Daly, English director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2008)
• 1938 – Cynthia Enloe, American author and academic
• 1938 – Tony Jackson, English singer and bass player (d. 2003)
• 1939 – William Bell, American singer-songwriter
• 1939 – Lido Vieri, Italian football manager and football player
• 1939 – Denise LaSalle, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2018)
• 1939 – Ruth Perry, president of Liberia (d. 2017)^[1]
• 1939 – Shringar Nagaraj, Indian actor and producer (d. 2013)
• 1939 – Corin Redgrave, English actor and activist (d. 2010)
• 1939 – Mariele Ventre, Italian singer and conductor (d. 1995)
• 1941 – Desmond Dekker, Jamaican singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
• 1941 – Dag Solstad, Norwegian author and playwright
• 1941 – Hans Wiegel, Dutch journalist and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands
• 1941 – Sir George Young, 6th Baronet, English banker and politician, Secretary of State for Transport
• 1942 – Margaret Court, Australian tennis player and minister
• 1942 – Frank Field, English politician
• 1943 – Reinaldo Arenas, Cuban-American author, poet, and playwright (d. 1990)
• 1943 – Vernon Bogdanor, English political scientist and academic
• 1943 – Jimmy Johnson, American football player and coach
• 1944 – Angharad Rees, English-Welsh actress and jewellery designer (d. 2012)
• 1946 – Louise Fréchette, Canadian civil servant and diplomat, Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations
• 1946 – Barbara Lee, American politician
• 1946 – Ron Yary, American football player
• 1947 – Don Burke, Australian television host and producer
• 1947 – Alexis Herman, American businesswoman and politician, 23rd United States Secretary of Labor
• 1947 – Assata Shakur, American-Cuban criminal and activist
• 1948 – Rubén Blades, Panamanian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1948 – Lars Lagerbäck, Swedish footballer and manager
• 1948 – Kevin McKenzie, South African cricketer
• 1948 – Pinchas Zukerman, Israeli violinist and conductor
• 1949 – Alan Fitzgerald, American guitarist and keyboardist
• 1950 – Pierre Paradis, Canadian lawyer and politician
• 1950 – Dennis Priestley, English darts player
• 1950 – Frances Spalding, English historian and academic
• 1950 – Tom Terrell, American journalist and photographer (d. 2007)
• 1951 – Jean-Luc Mongrain, Canadian journalist
• 1951 – Che Rosli, Malaysian politician
• 1952 – Stewart Copeland, American drummer and songwriter
• 1952 – Richard Egielski, American author and illustrator
• 1952 – Marc Esposito, French director and screenwriter
• 1952 – Ken McEwan, South African cricketer
• 1953 – Douglas J. Feith, American lawyer and politician, Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
• 1954 – Jeanette Mott Oxford, American politician
• 1955 – Susan Wheeler, American poet and academic
• 1955 – Saw Swee Leong, Malaysian badminton player
• 1956 – Tony Kushner, American playwright and screenwriter
• 1957 – Faye Grant, American actress
• 1957 – Alexandra Marinina, Ukrainian-Russian colonel and author
• 1958 – Michael Flatley, American-Irish dancer and choreographer
• 1958 – Mike Rogers, American politician
• 1959 – Gary Anderson, South African-American football player
• 1959 – James MacMillan, Scottish composer and conductor
• 1959 – Zoran Jolevski, Macedonian economist, politician, and diplomat, Macedonian Ambassador to the United States
• 1959 – Jürgen Ligi, Estonian economist and politician, 25th Estonian Minister of Defence
• 1960 – Terry Pendleton, American baseball player and coach
• 1962 – Grigory Leps, Russian singer-songwriter
• 1963 – Phoebe Cates, American actress
• 1963 – Srečko Katanec, Slovenian footballer and coach
• 1963 – Mikael Pernfors, Swedish tennis player
• 1964 – Phil Hellmuth, American poker player
• 1964 – Miguel Indurain, Spanish cyclist
• 1965 – Michel Desjoyeaux, French sailor
• 1965 – Claude Lemieux, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1965 – Sherri Stoner, American actress, producer, and screenwriter
• 1966 – Jyrki Lumme, Finnish ice hockey player
• 1966 – Johnny Vaughan, English journalist and critic
• 1967 – Will Ferrell, American actor, comedian, and producer
• 1968 – Dhanraj Pillay, Indian field hockey player and manager
• 1968 – Barry Sanders, American football player
• 1968 – Larry Sanger, American philosopher and businessman, co-founded Wikipedia and Citizendium
• 1968 – Michael Searle, Australian rugby league player and businessman
• 1968 – Robert Sherman, American songwriter and businessman
• 1968 – Olga Souza, Brazilian singer and dancer
• 1969 – Jules De Martino, English singer-songwriter and bass player
• 1969 – Kathryn Harby-Williams, Australian netball player and sportscaster
• 1970 – Raimonds Miglinieks, Latvian basketball player and coach
• 1970 – Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Thai director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1971 – Corey Feldman, American actor
• 1971 – Ed Kowalczyk, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Live)
• 1972 – Ben Cahoon, American-Canadian football player and coach
• 1972 – François Drolet, Canadian speed skater
• 1973 – Shaun Pollock, South African cricketer
• 1973 – Graham Robertson, American director and producer
• 1973 – Tim Ryan, American politician
• 1974 – Jeremy Enigk, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1974 – Maret Maripuu, Estonian politician, Estonian Minister of Social Affairs
• 1974 – Ryan McCombs, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1974 – Wendell Sailor, Australian rugby player
• 1975 – Bas Leinders, Belgian race car driver
• 1976 – Tomasz Kuchar, Polish race car driver
• 1976 – Carlos Humberto Paredes, Paraguayan footballer
• 1976 – Anna Smashnova, Belarusian-Israeli tennis player
• 1977 – Bryan Budd, Northern Ireland-born English soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 2006)
• 1979 – Chris Mihm, American basketball player
• 1979 – Mai Nakamura, Japanese swimmer
• 1979 – Kim Rhode, American sport shooter
• 1979 – Nathan Rogers, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1979 – Konstantin Skrylnikov, Russian footballer
• 1980 – Adam Scott, Australian golfer
• 1981 – Giuseppe Di Masi, Italian footballer
• 1981 – Robert Kranjec, Slovenian ski jumper
• 1981 – Zach Randolph, American basketball player
• 1981 – Vicente Rodríguez, Spanish footballer
• 1982 – André Greipel, German cyclist
• 1982 – Carli Lloyd, American soccer player
• 1982 – Michael Umaña, Costa Rican footballer
• 1983 – Duncan Keith, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1984 – Hayanari Shimoda, Japanese race car driver
• 1984 – Attila Szabó, Hungarian decathlete
• 1985 – Mārtiņš Kravčenko, Latvian basketball player
• 1985 – Denis Tahirović, Croatian footballer
• 1986 – Dustin Boyd, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1986 – Misako Uno, Japanese actress, singer, and fashion designer
• 1987 – Mousa Dembélé, Belgian footballer
• 1987 – AnnaLynne McCord, American actress and producer^[2]
• 1988 – Sergio Busquets, Spanish footballer
• 1989 – Gareth Bale, Welsh footballer
• 1990 – Bureta Faraimo, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1990 – Wizkid, Nigerian singer and songwriter
• 1990 – Johann Zarco, French motorcycle racer
• 1991 – Andros Townsend, English footballer

• 784 – Fulrad, Frankish diplomat and saint (b. 710)
• 866 – Irmgard, Frankish abbess
• 1212 – William de Brus, 3rd Lord of Annandale
• 1216 – Pope Innocent III (b. 1160)
• 1324 – Emperor Go-Uda of Japan (b. 1267)
• 1342 – Charles I of Hungary (b. 1288)
• 1344 – An-Nasir Ahmad, Sultan of Egypt (b. 1316)
• 1509 – Joao da Nova, Portuguese explorer (b. 1460)
• 1546 – Anne Askew, English author and poet (b. 1520)
• 1557 – Anne of Cleves (b. 1515)
• 1576 – Isabella de' Medici, Italian noble (b. 1542)
• 1647 – Masaniello, Italian rebel (b. 1622)
• 1664 – Andreas Gryphius, German poet and playwright (b. 1616)
• 1686 – John Pearson, English bishop and scholar (b. 1612)
• 1691 – François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, French politician, French Secretary of State for War (b. 1641)
• 1729 – Johann David Heinichen, German composer and theorist (b. 1683)
• 1747 – Giuseppe Crespi, Italian painter (b. 1665)
• 1770 – Francis Cotes, English painter and academic (b. 1726)
• 1796 – George Howard, English field marshal and politician (b. 1718)
• 1831 – Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron, French-Russian general (b. 1763)
• 1868 – Dmitry Pisarev, Russian author and critic (b. 1840)
• 1879 – Edward Deas Thomson, Scottish-Australian politician, 3rd Chief Secretary of New South Wales (b. 1800)
• 1882 – Mary Todd Lincoln, First Lady of the United States 1861-1865 (b. 1818)
• 1886 – Ned Buntline, American journalist and author (b. 1823)
• 1896 – Edmond de Goncourt, French critic and publisher, founded Académie Goncourt (b. 1822)
• 1915 – Ellen G. White, American theologian and author (b. 1827)
• 1917 – Philipp Scharwenka, German composer and educator (b. 1847)
• 1939 – Bartholomeus Roodenburch, Dutch swimmer (b. 1866)
• 1949 – Vyacheslav Ivanov, Russian poet and playwright (b. 1866)
• 1953 – Hilaire Belloc, French-born British writer and historian (b. 1870)
• 1954 – Herms Niel, German soldier, trombonist, and composer (b. 1888)
• 1960 – Albert Kesselring, German field marshal (b. 1881)
• 1960 – John P. Marquand, American author (b. 1893)
• 1964 – Rauf Orbay, Turkish colonel and politician, Prime Ministers of Turkey (b. 1881)
• 1965 – Boris Artzybasheff, Ukrainian-American illustrator (b.1899)
• 1969 – James Scott Douglas, English-born Scottish race car driver and 6th Baronet Douglas (b. 1930)
• 1981 – Harry Chapin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1942)
• 1982 – Charles Robberts Swart, South African lawyer and politician, 1st State President of South Africa (b. 1894)
• 1985 – Heinrich Böll, German novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
• 1985 – Wayne King, American saxophonist, songwriter, and bandleader (b. 1901)
• 1989 – Herbert von Karajan, Austrian conductor and manager (b. 1908)
• 1990 – Robert Blackburn, Irish educator (b. 1927)
• 1990 – Miguel Muñoz, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1922)
• 1991 – Meindert DeJong, Dutch-American soldier and author (b. 1906)
• 1991 – Robert Motherwell, American painter and academic (b. 1915)
• 1991 – Frank Rizzo, American police officer and politician, 93rd Mayor of Philadelphia (b. 1920)
• 1992 – Buck Buchanan, American football player and coach (b. 1940)
• 1994 – Julian Schwinger, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
• 1995 – May Sarton, American playwright and novelist (b. 1912)
• 1995 – Stephen Spender, English author and poet (b. 1909)
• 1996 – Adolf von Thadden, German lieutenant and politician (b. 1921)
• 1998 – John Henrik Clarke, American historian and scholar (b. 1915)
• 1999 – John F. Kennedy Jr., American lawyer and publisher (b. 1960)
• 1999 – Alan Macnaughton, Canadian lawyer and politician, Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons (b. 1903)
• 2001 – Morris, Belgian cartoonist (b. 1923)
• 2002 – John Cocke, American computer scientist and engineer (b. 1925)
• 2003 – Celia Cruz, Cuban-American singer and actress (b. 1925)
• 2003 – Carol Shields, American-Canadian novelist and short story writer (b. 1935)
• 2004 – George Busbee, American lawyer and politician, 77th Governor of Georgia (b. 1927)
• 2004 – Charles Sweeney, American general and pilot (b. 1919)
• 2005 – Pietro Consagra, Italian sculptor (b. 1920)
• 2005 – Camillo Felgen, Luxembourgian singer-songwriter and radio host (b. 1920)
• 2006 – Winthrop Paul Rockefeller, American businessman and politician, 13th Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas (b. 1948)
• 2007 – Caterina Bueno, Italian singer and historian (b. 1943)
• 2008 – Jo Stafford, American singer (b. 1917)
• 2008 – Lindsay Thompson, Australian politician, 40th Premier of Victoria (b. 1923)
• 2011 – Forrest Blue, American football player (b. 1944)
• 2012 – William Asher, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1921)
• 2012 – Stephen Covey, American businessman and author (b. 1932)
• 2012 – Gilbert Esau, American businessman and politician (b. 1919)
• 2012 – Ed Lincoln, Brazilian bassist, pianist, and composer (b. 1932)
• 2012 – Masaharu Matsushita, Japanese businessman (b. 1913)
• 2012 – Kitty Wells, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1919)
• 2013 – Alex Colville, Canadian painter and academic (b. 1920)
• 2013 – Marv Rotblatt, American baseball player (1927)
• 2014 – Karl Albrecht, German businessman, co-founded Aldi (b. 1920)
• 2014 – Mary Ellen Otremba, American educator and politician (b. 1950)
• 2014 – Johnny Winter, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1944)
• 2014 – Heinz Zemanek, Austrian computer scientist and academic (b. 1920)
• 2015 – Denis Avey, English soldier, engineer, and author (b. 1919)
• 2015 – Evelyn Ebsworth, English chemist and academic (b. 1933)
• 2015 – Alcides Ghiggia, Uruguayan footballer and manager (b. 1926)
• 2015 – Jack Goody, English anthropologist, author, and academic (b. 1919)
• 2017 – George Romero, American filmmaker (b. 1940)

Μπέλλα Βράκα:  η παραλία της Ηπείρου είναι το πιο εξωτικό κομμάτι της Ελλάδας

Έχουμε άπειρες επιλογές, όσες και οι παραλίες μας όταν έρχεται η ώρα να πάμε για μπάνιο. Ανάλογα σε ποιο κομμάτι της Ελλάδας ζούμε, μπορούμε να βρούμε -σε κοντινή απόσταση- παραλίες που θα καλύψουν τα γούστα μας. 

Στην πραγματικότητα, η μερίδα του λέοντος όσον αφορά τα πιο κρυστάλλινα νερά, ανήκει στα νησιά. Κυκλάδες, Ιόνιο, Δωδεκάνησα, βόρειο Αιγαίο, Σποράδες, Κρήτη... Όπου -μα όπου- κι αν βρεθείτε θα βρείτε ονειρεμένες πλαζ, με αμμουδιά, με βότσαλο, με βράχια, με κόσμο, οργανωμένη ή απομονωμένη.
Δεν είναι όμως μόνο στα νησιά οι ωραίες παραλίες. Και η ηπειρωτική χώρα κρύβει διαμαντάκια που πρέπει απλώς να τα ανακαλύψεις. Όπως η μαγική παραλία της Ηπείρου, Μπέλλα Βράκα. 

Με ένα όνομα που δεν πρόκειται ποτέ να ξεχάσεις, η εξωτική παραλία της Θεσπρωτίας, ενώνει τα Σύβοτα, με το νησάκι Μουρτεμένο.

Για αν την επισκεφτεί κάποιος θα χρειαστεί απλά (και κυριολεκτικά) να περπατήσει μέσα στη θάλασσα.

Στη μικρή παραλία με τη χρυσή άμμο, μπορείτε να κάνετε πολλά και διάφορα θαλάσσια σπορ. Μπορείτε να την επισκεφτείτε με το αυτοκίνητο και κατόπιν, αφού το αφήσετε στο πάρκινγκ, θα περπατήσετε στο μονοπάτι. 

Φροντίστε να προμηθευτείτε καφέ, φαγητό και νερό, αλλά και πεδιλάκια για να περπατήσετε μέσα στη θάλασσα (έχει μικρές πέτρες που κάνουν λίγο επίπονη τη διαδικασία).

Επίσης, δεν είναι προσβάσιμη για άτομα με κινητικά προβλήματα, ενώ θα την ευχαριστηθείτε περισσότερο αν πάτε ημέρες που δεν έχει πολύ κόσμο. 

 Η βραβευμένη κατοικία στη Σκιάθο μέσα στο πράσινο με θέα 270 μοιρών 

Το καλοκαίρι η διάθεση ανεβαίνει και οι ηλιόλουστες ημέρες 

και οι γλυκές νύχτες, μας κάνουν να θέλουμε να είμαστε

 συνεχώς εκτός σπιτιού.

Εκτός, βέβαια, εάν μέναμε σε αυτό το σπίτι στην Σκιάθο.

Το Plane House βρίσκεται σε οικόπεδο πάνω από την παραλία της Μπανάνας με

 θέα προς τις Κουκουναριές και τον Βρωμόλιμνο.

Στόχος της αρχιτεκτονικής ομάδας του K-Studio, όπως αναφέρει στην ιστοσελίδα 

της, είναι να συγχωνεύσει τον εσωτερικό με τον εξωτερικό χώρο, μεγιστοποιώντας 

τα οφέλη τους και ελαχιστοποιώντας τις επιπτώσεις στο περιβάλλον τοπίο.  

Για να αποφευχθούν οι όγκοι, που χωρίζουν και κυριαρχούν στο χώρο, υπάρχουν

 οριζόντια επίπεδα που ακολουθούν τη μορφολογία της πλαγιάς και δημιουργούν

 επίπεδα για ηλιοθεραπεία, ύπνο και φαγητό, αλλά και έναν τεράστιο χώρο με σκιά.

 Ο χώρος μεταξύ των επιπέδων ορίζεται από διάφορα εύκαμπτα πλαίσια και

 υαλοπίνακες, ενώ με έναν μεγάλο πρόβολο υπάρχει η θεμιτή θερμοκρασία σε ένα 

σπίτι που καλωσορίζει τον ήλιο όλη την ημέρα.

Η θέα της οικίας είναι κάτι παραπάνω από ονειρική με θέα 270 μοιρών πάνω από την

 ακτογραμμή.

Η πισίνα είναι στρατηγικά τοποθετημένη προκειμένου οι κάτοικοι να απολαμβάνουν

 τη θέα, αλλά και για να δημιουργήσει ένα δροσερό αεράκι πάνω από τη βεράντα 

και στο σπίτι καθώς ο βόρειος άνεμος ρέει στην ανηφόρα και πάνω από την 

επιφάνεια του. Φωτοβολταϊκά πάνελ τροφοδοτούν τον μηχανισμό της πισίνας και το 

νερό ανακυκλώνεται και χρησιμοποιείται για άρδευση, αποχέτευση και πυρόσβεση.

 Το σπίτι σέβεται απόλυτα το περιβάλλον.

Η μεγάλη έκπληξη έρχεται, ωστόσο, όταν ο επισκέπτης μπαίνει μέσα στο σπίτι,

 καθώς δεν αντιλαμβάνεται τι έπεται. Η αποκάλυψη της εντυπωσιακής θέας 

καθηλώνει.

Η κατοικία έχει βραβευτεί ως το Best Vacation House, ενώ ήταν υποψήφια στο 

Mies Van der Rohe Award.

• 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world.
• 1048 – Damasus II is elected pope.
• 1203 – The Fourth Crusade captures Constantinople by assault. The Byzantine emperor Alexios III Angelos flees from his capital into exile.
• 1402 – Zhu Di, better known by his era name as the Yongle Emperor, assumes the throne over the Ming dynasty of China.
• 1429 – Hundred Years' War: Charles VII of France is crowned the King of France in the Reims Cathedral after a successful campaign by Joan of Arc
• 1453 – Battle of Castillon: The last battle of Hundred Years' War, the French under Jean Bureau defeat the English under the Earl of Shrewsbury, who is killed in the battle in Gascony.
• 1717 – King George I of Great Britain sails down the River Thames with a barge of 50 musicians, where George Frideric Handel's Water Music is premiered.
• 1762 – Catherine II becomes tsar of Russia upon the murder of Peter III of Russia.
• 1771 – Bloody Falls massacre: Chipewyan chief Matonabbee, traveling as the guide to Samuel Hearne on his Arctic overland journey, massacres a group of unsuspecting Inuit.
• 1791 – Members of the French National Guard under the command of General Lafayette open fire on a crowd of radical Jacobins at the Champ de Mars, Paris, during the French Revolution, killing scores of people.
• 1794 – The 16 Carmelite Martyrs of Compiègne are executed ten days prior to the end of the French Revolution's Reign of Terror.
• 1867 – Harvard School of Dental Medicine is established in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the first dental school in the U.S. that is affiliated with a university.
• 1899 – NEC Corporation is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital.
• 1902 – Willis Carrier creates the first air conditioner in Buffalo, New York.
• 1917 – King George V issues a Proclamation stating that the male line descendants of the British Royal Family will bear the surname Windsor.
• 1918 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his immediate family and retainers are executed by Bolshevik Chekists at the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg, Russia.
• 1918 – The RMS Carpathia, the ship that rescued the 705 survivors from the RMS Titanic, is sunk off Ireland by the German SM U-55; five lives are lost.
• 1932 – Altona Bloody Sunday: A riot between the Nazi Party paramilitary forces, the SS and SA, and the German Communist Party ensues.
• 1936 – Spanish Civil War: An Armed Forces rebellion against the recently elected leftist Popular Front government of Spain starts the civil war.
• 1938 – Douglas Corrigan takes off from Brooklyn to fly the "wrong way" to Ireland and becomes known as "Wrong Way" Corrigan.
• 1944 – Port Chicago disaster: Near the San Francisco Bay, two ships laden with ammunition for the war explode in Port Chicago, California, killing 320.
• 1944 – World War II: At Sainte-Foy-de-Montgommery.^[1] in Normandy Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was strafed by allied aircraft while returning to his headquarters.
• 1945 – World War II: The main three leaders of the Allied nations, Winston Churchill, Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin, meet in the German city of Potsdam to decide the future of a defeated Germany.
• 1953 – The largest number of United States midshipman casualties in a single event results from an aircraft crash in Florida, killing 44.
• 1955 – Disneyland is dedicated and opened by Walt Disney in Anaheim, California.
• 1962 – Nuclear weapons testing: The "Small Boy" test shot Little Feller I becomes the last atmospheric test detonation at the Nevada National Security Site.
• 1968 – Abdul Rahman Arif is overthrown and the Ba'ath Party is installed as the governing power in Iraq with Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr as the new Iraqi President.
• 1973 – King Mohammed Zahir Shah of Afghanistan, while having surgery in Italy, is deposed by his cousin Mohammed Daoud Khan.
• 1975 – Apollo–Soyuz Test Project: An American Apollo and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock with each other in orbit marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations.
• 1976 – East Timor is annexed, and becomes the 27th province of Indonesia.
• 1976 – The opening of the Summer Olympics in Montreal is marred by 25 African teams boycotting the games because of New Zealand's participation. Contrary to rulings by other international sports organizations, the IOC had declined to exclude New Zealand because of their participation in South African sporting events during apartheid.
• 1979 – Nicaraguan dictator General Anastasio Somoza Debayle resigns and flees to Miami, Florida, United States.
• 1981 – A structural failure leads to the collapse of a walkway at the Hyatt Regency in Kansas City, Missouri, killing 114 people and injuring more than 200.
• 1984 – The national drinking age in the United States was changed from 18 to 21.
• 1985 – Founding of the EUREKA Network by former head of states François Mitterrand (France) and Helmut Kohl (Germany).
• 1989 – First flight of the B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber.
• 1989 – Holy See–Poland relations are restored.
• 1996 – TWA Flight 800: Off the coast of Long Island, New York, a Paris-bound TWA Boeing 747 explodes, killing all 230 on board.
• 1998 – The 7.0 M_w Papua New Guinea earthquake triggers a tsunami that destroys ten villages in Papua New Guinea, killing up to 2,700 people, and leaving several thousand injured.
• 1998 – A diplomatic conference adopts the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, establishing a permanent international court to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.
• 2001 – Concorde is brought back into service nearly a year after the July 2000 crash.
• 2006 – The 7.7 M_w Pangandaran tsunami earthquake severely affects the Indonesian island of Java, killing 668 people, and leaving more than 9,000 injured.
• 2007 – TAM Airlines Flight 3054, an Airbus A320, crashes into a warehouse after landing too fast and missing the end of the São Paulo–Congonhas Airport runway, killing 199 people.
• 2014 – Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, a Boeing 777, crashes near the border of Ukraine and Russia after being shot down. All 298 people on board are killed.
• 2014 – A French regional train on the Pau-Bayonne line crashes into a high-speed train near the town of Denguin, resulting in at least 25 injuries.
• 2015 – At least 120 people are killed and 130 injured by a suicide bombing in Diyala Province, Iraq.

• 1476 – Adrian Fortescue, English Roman Catholic martyr (d. 1539)
• 1487 – Ismail I of Iran (d. 1524)
• 1499 – Maria Salviati, Italian noblewoman (d. 1543)
• 1531 – Antoine de Créqui Canaples, Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1574)
• 1674 – Isaac Watts, English hymnwriter and theologian (d. 1748)
• 1695 – Christian Karl Reinhard of Leiningen-Dachsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim (d. 1766)
• 1698 – Pierre Louis Maupertuis, French mathematician and philosopher (d. 1759)
• 1708 – Frederick Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (d. 1769)
• 1714 – Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten, German philosopher and academic (d. 1762)
• 1744 – Elbridge Gerry, American merchant and politician, 5th Vice President of the United States (d. 1814)
• 1763 – John Jacob Astor, German-American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1848)
• 1774 – John Wilbur, American minister and theologian (d. 1856)
• 1797 – Paul Delaroche, French painter and academic (d. 1856)
• 1823 – Leander Clark, American businessman, judge, and politician (d. 1910)
• 1831 – Xianfeng Emperor of China (d. 1861)
• 1837 – Joseph-Alfred Mousseau, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician, 7th Secretary of State for Canada (d. 1886)
• 1839 – Ephraim Shay, American engineer, invented the Shay locomotive (d. 1916)
• 1853 – Alexius Meinong, Ukrainian-Austrian philosopher and academic (d. 1920)
• 1868 – Henri Nathansen, Danish director and playwright (d. 1944)
• 1870 – Charles Davidson Dunbar, Scottish soldier and bagpipe player (d. 1939)
• 1871 – Lyonel Feininger, German-American painter and illustrator (d. 1956)
• 1879 – Jack Laviolette, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (d. 1960)
• 1882 – James Somerville, English admiral and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Somerset (d. 1949)
• 1888 – Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Ukrainian-Israeli novelist, short story writer and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
• 1889 – Erle Stanley Gardner, American lawyer and author (d. 1970)
• 1894 – Georges Lemaître, Belgian priest, astronomer, and cosmologist (d. 1966)
• 1896 – Rupert Atkinson, English RAF officer (d. 1919)
• 1898 – Berenice Abbott, American photographer (d. 1991)
• 1898 – Osmond Borradaile, Canadian soldier and cinematographer (d. 1999)
• 1899 – James Cagney, American actor and dancer (d. 1986)
• 1900 – Marcel Dalio, French actor (d. 1983)
• 1901 – Luigi Chinetti, Italian-American race car driver (d. 1994)
• 1901 – Bruno Jasieński, Polish poet and author (d. 1938)
• 1901 – Patrick Smith, Irish farmer and politician, Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine (d. 1982)
• 1902 – Christina Stead, Australian author and academic (d. 1983)
• 1905 – William Gargan, American actor (d. 1979)
• 1910 – James Coyne, Canadian lawyer and banker, 2nd Governor of the Bank of Canada (d. 2012)
• 1910 – Frank Olson, American chemist and microbiologist (d. 1953)
• 1911 – Lionel Ferbos, American trumpet player (d. 2014)
• 1911 – Heinz Lehmann, German-Canadian psychiatrist and academic (d. 1999)
• 1912 – Erwin Bauer, German race car driver (d. 1958)
• 1912 – Art Linkletter, Canadian-American radio and television host (d. 2010)
• 1913 – Bertrand Goldberg, American architect, designed the Marina City Building (d. 1997)
• 1914 – Eleanor Steber, American soprano and educator (d. 1990)
• 1915 – Bijon Bhattacharya, Indian actor, singer, and screenwriter (d. 1978)
• 1915 – Arthur Rothstein, American photographer and educator (b. 1985)
• 1917 – Lou Boudreau, American baseball player and manager (d. 2001)
• 1917 – Phyllis Diller, American actress, comedian, and voice artist (d. 2012)
• 1917 – Kenan Evren, Turkish general and politician, 7th President of Turkey (d. 2015)
• 1917 – Christiane Rochefort, French author (d. 1998)
• 1918 – Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio, Guatemalan soldier and politician, President of Guatemala (d. 2003)
• 1918 – Red Sovine, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1980)
• 1920 – Gordon Gould, American physicist and academic, invented the laser (d. 2005)
• 1920 – Juan Antonio Samaranch, Spanish businessman, 7th President of the International Olympic Committee (d. 2010)
• 1921 – George Barnes, American guitarist, producer, and songwriter (d. 1977)
• 1921 – Louis Lachenal, French mountaineer (d. 1955)
• 1921 – Mary Osborne, American guitarist (d. 1992)
• 1921 – Toni Stone, American baseball player (d. 1996)
• 1921 – František Zvarík, Slovak actor (d. 2008)
• 1923 – Jeanne Block, American psychologist (d. 1981)
• 1923 – John Cooper, English car designer, co-founded the Cooper Car Company (d. 2000)
• 1924 – Garde Gardom, Canadian lawyer and politician, 26th Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia (d. 2013)
• 1925 – Jimmy Scott, American singer and actor (d. 2014)
• 1925 – Mohammad Hasan Sharq, Afghan politician
• 1926 – Édouard Carpentier, French-Canadian wrestler (d. 2010)
• 1926 – Willis Carto, American activist and theorist (d. 2015)
• 1928 – Vince Guaraldi, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1976)
• 1929 – Sergei K. Godunov, Russian mathematician and academic
• 1932 – Quino, Spanish-Argentinian cartoonist
• 1932 – Niccolò Castiglioni, Italian composer (d. 1996)
• 1932 – Johnny Kerr, American basketball player and coach (d. 2009)
• 1932 – Wojciech Kilar, Polish pianist and composer (d. 2013)
• 1932 – Karla Kuskin, American author and illustrator (d. 2009)
• 1932 – Hal Riney, American businessman, founded Publicis & Hal Riney (d. 2008)
• 1933 – Keiko Awaji, Japanese actress (d. 2014)
• 1933 – Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici, Maltese politician, 9th Prime Minister of Malta
• 1933 – Tony Pithey, Zimbabwean-South African cricketer (d. 2006)
• 1934 – Lucio Tan, Chinese-Filipino billionaire businessman and educator
• 1935 – Diahann Carroll, American actress and singer
• 1935 – Peter Schickele, American composer and educator
• 1935 – Donald Sutherland, Canadian actor and producer
• 1938 – Hermann Huppen, Belgian author and illustrator
• 1939 – Andrée Champagne, Canadian actress and politician
• 1939 – Spencer Davis, Welsh singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1939 – Ali Khamenei, Iranian cleric and politician, 2nd Supreme Leader of Iran
• 1940 – Tim Brooke-Taylor, English actor and screenwriter
• 1941 – Daryle Lamonica, American football player
• 1941 – Bob Taylor, English cricketer
• 1941 – Achim Warmbold, German race car driver and manager
• 1942 – Don Kessinger, American baseball player and manager
• 1942 – Gale Garnett, New Zealand–born Canadian singer
• 1942 – Connie Hawkins, American basketball player
• 1942 – Zoot Money, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player
• 1943 – LaVyrle Spencer, American author and educator
• 1944 – Mark Burgess, New Zealand cricketer and footballer
• 1944 – Catherine Schell, Hungarian-English actress
• 1944 – Carlos Alberto Torres, Brazilian footballer and manager (d. 2016)
• 1945 – Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia
• 1945 – John Patten, Baron Patten, English politician, Secretary of State for Education
• 1946 – Chris Crutcher, American novelist and short story writer
• 1947 – Joyce Anelay, Baroness Anelay of St John's, English educator and politician
• 1947 – Robert Begerau, German footballer and manager
• 1947 – Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
• 1947 – Wolfgang Flür, German musician (Kraftwerk)
• 1947 – Mick Tucker, English rock drummer (Sweet) (d. 2002)
• 1948 – Ron Asheton, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2009)
• 1948 – Luc Bondy, Swiss director and producer (d. 2015)
• 1949 – Geezer Butler, English bass player and songwriter
• 1949 – Charley Steiner, American journalist and sportscaster
• 1950 – Phoebe Snow, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2011)
• 1950 – Tengku Sulaiman Shah, Malaysian corporate figure
• 1951 – Lucie Arnaz, American actress and singer
• 1951 – Mark Bowden, American journalist and author
• 1951 – Andrew Robathan, English soldier and politician, Minister of State for the Armed Forces
• 1952 – David Hasselhoff, American actor, singer, and producer
• 1952 – Nicolette Larson, American singer-songwriter (d. 1997)
• 1952 – Thé Lau, Dutch singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2015)
• 1952 – Robert R. McCammon, American author
• 1954 – António Costa, Prime Minister of Portugal
• 1954 – Angela Merkel, German chemist and politician, 8th Chancellor of Germany
• 1954 – Edward Natapei, Vanuatuan politician, 6th Prime Minister of Vanuatu (d. 2015)
• 1954 – J. Michael Straczynski, American author, screenwriter, and producer
• 1955 – Sylvie Léonard, Canadian actress and screenwriter
• 1955 – Paul Stamets, American mycologist and author
• 1956 – Julie Bishop, Australian lawyer and politician, 38th Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs
• 1956 – Bryan Trottier, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach
• 1957 – Bruce Crump, American drummer and songwriter (d. 2015)
• 1957 – Wendy Freedman, Canadian-American cosmologist and astronomer
• 1958 – Wong Kar-wai, Chinese director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1958 – Suzanne Moore, English journalist
• 1958 – Thérèse Rein, Australian businesswoman, founded Ingeus
• 1959 – Pola Uddin, Baroness Uddin, Bangladeshi-English politician
• 1960 – Kim Barnett, English cricketer and coach
• 1960 – Mark Burnett, English-American screenwriter and producer
• 1960 – Nancy Giles, American journalist and actress
• 1960 – Robin Shou, Hong Kong martial artist and actor
• 1960 – Dawn Upshaw, American soprano
• 1960 – Jan Wouters, Dutch footballer and manager
• 1961 – Jeremy Hardy, English comedian and actor
• 1963 – Regina Belle, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
• 1963 – Letsie III of Lesotho
• 1963 – Matti Nykänen, Finnish ski jumper and singer
• 1965 – Craig Morgan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1965 – Alex Winter, English-American actor, film director and screenwriter
• 1966 – Lou Barlow, American guitarist and songwriter
• 1966 – Sten Tolgfors, Swedish lawyer and politician, 30th Swedish Minister of Defence
• 1969 – Scott Johnson, American cartoonist
• 1969 – Jaan Kirsipuu, Estonian cyclist
• 1971 – Calbert Cheaney, American basketball player and coach
• 1971 – Cory Doctorow, Canadian author and activist
• 1971 – Nico Mattan, Belgian cyclist
• 1972 – Elizabeth Cook, American singer and guitarist
• 1972 – Donny Marshall, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1972 – Jason Rullo, American drummer
• 1972 – Jaap Stam, Dutch footballer and manager
• 1972 – Eric Williams, American basketball player
• 1973 – Eric Moulds, American football player
• 1974 – Claudio López, Argentine footballer
• 1975 – Andre Adams, New Zealand cricketer
• 1975 – Elena Anaya, Spanish actress
• 1975 – Darude, Finnish DJ and producer
• 1975 – Harlette, Australian-English fashion designer
• 1975 – Loretta Harrop, Australian triathlete
• 1976 – Luke Bryan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1976 – Gino D'Acampo, Italian chef and author^[2]
• 1976 – Dagmara Domińczyk, Polish-American actress
• 1976 – Marcos Senna, Brazilian-Spanish footballer
• 1976 – Anders Svensson, Swedish footballer and sportscaster
• 1977 – Andrew Downton, Australian cricketer
• 1977 – Leif Hoste, Belgian cyclist
• 1977 – Marc Savard, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1978 – Ricardo Arona, Brazilian mixed martial artist
• 1978 – Panda Bear, American musician and songwriter
• 1978 – Jason Jennings, American baseball player
• 1979 – Mike Vogel, American actor^[3]
• 1980 – Javier Camuñas, Spanish footballer
• 1980 – Ryan Miller, American ice hockey player
• 1981 – Hely Ollarves, Venezuelan runner
• 1982 – Omari Banks, Anguillan cricketer
• 1982 – Natasha Hamilton, English singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress
• 1983 – Ryan Guettler, Australian motocross racer
• 1983 – Adam Lind, American baseball player
• 1985 – Loui Eriksson, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1985 – Tom Fletcher, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1985 – Neil McGregor, Scottish footballer
• 1986 – DeAngelo Smith, American football player
• 1986 – Lacey Von Erich, American wrestler
• 1987 – Darius Boyd, Australian rugby league player
• 1987 – Jan Charouz, Czech race car driver
• 1987 – Jeremih, American singer, songwriter, and record producer^[4]
• 1994 – Benjamin Mendy, French footballer
• 1994 – Kali Uchis, American singer-songwriter^[5]

• 521 – Magnus Felix Ennodius, Gallo-Roman bishop
• 855 – Leo IV, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 790)
• 924 – Edward the Elder, English king (b. 877)
• 952 – Wu Hanyue, Chinese noblewoman (b. 913)
• 961 – Du, empress dowager of the Song Dynasty
• 1070 – Baldwin VI, count of Flanders (b. 1030)
• 1085 – Robert Guiscard, Norman adventurer
• 1119 – Baldwin VII, count of Flanders (b. 1093)
• 1210 – Sverker II, king of Sweden (b. 1210)
• 1304 – Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Mortimer (b. 1251)
• 1399 – Jadwiga, queen of Poland (b. 1374)
• 1453 – Dmitry Shemyaka, Grand Prince of Moscow
• 1453 – John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, English commander and politician (b. 1387)
• 1531 – Hosokawa Takakuni, Japanese commander (b. 1484)
• 1571 – Georg Fabricius, German poet and historian (b. 1516)
• 1588 – Mimar Sinan, Ottoman architect and engineer, designed the Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque and Süleymaniye Mosque (b. 1489)
• 1603 – Mózes Székely, Hungarian noble (b. 1553)
• 1645 – Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset, English-Scottish politician, Lord Chamberlain of the United Kingdom (b. 1587)
• 1704 – Pierre-Charles Le Sueur, French fur trader and explorer (b. 1657)
• 1709 – Robert Bolling, English planter and merchant (b. 1646)
• 1762 – Peter III of Russia (b. 1728)
• 1790 – Adam Smith, Scottish economist and philosopher (b. 1723)
• 1791 – Martin Dobrizhoffer, Austrian missionary and author (b. 1717)
• 1793 – Charlotte Corday, French murderer (b. 1768)
• 1794 – John Roebuck, English chemist and businessman (b. 1718)
• 1845 – Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1764)
• 1871 – Carl Tausig, Polish virtuoso pianist, arranger and composer (b. 1841)
• 1878 – Aleardo Aleardi, Italian poet and politician (b. 1812)
• 1879 – Maurycy Gottlieb, Ukrainian-Polish painter (b. 1856)
• 1881 – Jim Bridger, American scout and explorer (b. 1804)
• 1883 – Tự Đức, Vietnamese emperor (b. 1829)
• 1885 – Jean-Charles Chapais, Canadian farmer and politician, 1st Canadian Minister of Agriculture (b. 1811)
• 1887 – Dorothea Dix, American nurse and activist (b. 1802)
• 1893 – Frederick A. Johnson, American banker and politician (b. 1833)
• 1894 – Leconte de Lisle, French poet and translator (b. 1818)
• 1894 – Josef Hyrtl, Austrian anatomist and biologist (b. 1810)
• 1900 – Thomas McIlwraith, Scottish-Australian politician, 8th Premier of Queensland (b. 1835)
• 1907 – Hector Malot, French author and critic (b. 1830)
• 1912 – Henri Poincaré, French mathematician, physicist, and engineer (b. 1854)
• 1918 – Victims of the Shooting of the Romanov family
  • Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1901)
  • Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1899)
  • Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1895)
  • Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1897)
  • Alexandra Fyodorovna of Russia (b. 1872)
  • Aleksei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia (b. 1904)
  • Nikolai II of Russia (b. 1868)
  • Anna Demidova (b. 1878)
  • Ivan Kharitonov (b. 1872)
  • Alexei Trupp (b. 1858)
  • Yevgeny Botkin (b. 1865)
• 1922 – Robert Philp, Scottish-Australian politician, 15th Premier of Queensland (b. 1851)
• 1925 – Lovis Corinth, German painter (b. 1858)
• 1928 – Giovanni Giolitti, Italian politician, 13th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1842)
• 1928 – Álvaro Obregón, Mexican general and politician, 39th President of Mexico (b. 1880)
• 1932 – Rasmus Rasmussen, Norwegian actor, singer, and director (b. 1862)
• 1935 – George William Russell, Irish poet and painter (b. 1867)
• 1944 – William James Sidis, American mathematician and anthropologist (b. 1898)
• 1945 – Ernst Busch, German field marshal (b. 1885)
• 1946 - Florence Fuller, South African-born Australian artist (b. 1867)
• 1946 – Draža Mihailović, Serbian general (b. 1893)
• 1950 – Evangeline Booth, English 4th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1865)
• 1950 – Antonie Nedošinská, Czech actress (b. 1885)
• 1959 – Billie Holiday, American singer (b. 1915)
• 1959 – Eugene Meyer, American businessman and publisher (b. 1875)
• 1961 – Ty Cobb, American baseball player and manager (b. 1886)
• 1961 – Emin Halid Onat, Turkish architect and academic (b. 1908)
• 1967 – John Coltrane, American saxophonist and composer (b. 1926)
• 1974 – Dizzy Dean, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1910)
• 1975 – Konstantine Gamsakhurdia, Georgian author (b. 1893)
• 1980 – Don "Red" Barry, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1912)
• 1980 – Boris Delaunay, Russian mathematician and academic (b. 1890)
• 1988 – Bruiser Brody, American football player and wrestler (b. 1946)
• 1989 – Itubwa Amram, Nauruan pastor and politician (b. 1922)
• 1991 – John Patrick Spiegel, American psychiatrist and academic (b. 1911)
• 1994 – Jean Borotra, French tennis player (b. 1898)
• 1995 – Juan Manuel Fangio, Argentinian race car driver (b. 1911)
• 1996 – Victims of TWA Flight 800
  • Michel Breistroff, French ice hockey player (b. 1971)
  • Marcel Dadi, Tunisian-French guitarist (b. 1951)
  • David Hogan, American composer (b. 1949)
  • Jed Johnson, American interior designer and director (b. 1948)
• 1996 – Chas Chandler, American bass player and producer (b. 1938)
• 1998 – Lillian Hoban, American author and illustrator (b. 1925)
• 2001 – Katharine Graham, American publisher (b. 1917)
• 2002 – Joseph Luns, Dutch politician and Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1911)
• 2003 – David Kelly, Welsh weapons inspector (b. 1944)
• 2003 – Rosalyn Tureck, American pianist and harpsichord player (b. 1914)
• 2003 – Walter Zapp, Latvian-Swiss inventor, invented the Minox (b. 1905)
• 2005 – Geraldine Fitzgerald, Irish-American actress (b. 1913)
• 2005 – Edward Heath, English colonel and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1916)
• 2005 – Joe Vialls, Australian journalist and theorist (b. 1944)
• 2006 – Sam Myers, American singer-songwriter (b. 1936)
• 2006 – Mickey Spillane, American crime novelist (b. 1918)
• 2007 – Grant Forsberg, American actor and businessman (b. 1959)
• 2007 – Júlio Redecker, Brazilian politician (b. 1956)
• 2007 – Paulo Rogério Amoretty Souza, Brazilian lawyer and businessman (b. 1945)
• 2009 – Walter Cronkite, American journalist and actor (b. 1916)
• 2009 – Leszek Kołakowski, Polish historian and philosopher (b. 1927)
• 2010 – Larry Keith, American actor (b. 1931)
• 2011 – David Ngoombujarra, Australian actor (b. 1967)
• 2012 – Richard Evatt, English boxer (b. 1973)
• 2012 – Forrest S. McCartney, American general (b. 1931)
• 2012 – İlhan Mimaroğlu, Turkish-American composer and producer (b. 1926)
• 2012 – William Raspberry, American journalist and academic (b. 1935)
• 2012 – Marsha Singh, Indian-English politician (b. 1954)
• 2013 – Henri Alleg, English-French journalist and author (b. 1921)
• 2013 – Peter Appleyard, English-Canadian vibraphone player and composer (b. 1928)
• 2013 – Vincenzo Cerami, Italian screenwriter and producer (b. 1940)
• 2013 – Don Flye, American tennis player (b. 1933)
• 2013 – Ian Gourlay, English general (b. 1920)
• 2013 – David White, Scottish footballer and manager (b. 1933)
• 2014 – Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 victims:
  • Liam Davison, Australian author and critic (b. 1957)
  • Shuba Jay, Malaysian actress (b. 1976)
  • Joep Lange, Dutch physician and academic (b. 1954)
  • Willem Witteveen, Dutch scholar and politician (b. 1952)
• 2014 – Henry Hartsfield, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1933)
• 2014 – Otto Piene, German sculptor and academic (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Elaine Stritch, American actress and singer (b. 1925)
• 2015 – Bill Arnsparger, American football player and coach (b. 1926)
• 2015 – Jules Bianchi, French race car driver (b. 1989)
• 2015 – Owen Chadwick, English rugby player, historian, and academic (b. 1916)
• 2015 – Van Miller, American sportscaster (b. 1927)
• 2015 – John Taylor, English pianist and educator (b. 1942)