• AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title princeps iuventutis (head of the youth).
• 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
• 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a statute, a document with the first known written mention of the Croats name in Croatian sources.
• 932 – Translation of the relics of martyr Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia, Prince of the Czechs.
• 1152 – Frederick I Barbarossa is elected King of Germany.
• 1238 – The Battle of the Sit River is fought in the northern part of the present-day Yaroslavl Oblast of Russia between the Mongol hordes of Batu Khan and the Russians under Yuri II of Vladimir-Suzdal during the Mongol invasion of Rus'.
• 1351 – Ramathibodi becomes King of Siam.
• 1386 – Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila) is crowned King of Poland.
• 1461 – Wars of the Roses in England: Lancastrian King Henry VI is deposed by his House of York cousin, who then becomes King Edward IV.
• 1493 – Explorer Christopher Columbus arrives back in Lisbon, Portugal, aboard his ship Niña from his voyage to what is now The Bahamas and other islands in the Caribbean.
• 1519 – Hernán Cortés arrives in Mexico in search of the Aztec civilization and its wealth.
• 1628 – The Massachusetts Bay Colony is granted a Royal charter.
• 1665 – English King Charles II declares war on the Netherlands marking the start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
• 1675 – John Flamsteed is appointed the first Astronomer Royal of England.
• 1681 – Charles II grants a land charter to William Penn for the area that will later become Pennsylvania.
• 1776 – American Revolutionary War: The Continental Army fortifies Dorchester Heights with cannon, leading the British troops to abandon the Siege of Boston.
• 1789 – In New York City, the first Congress of the United States meets, putting the United States Constitution into effect. The United States Bill of Rights is written and proposed to Congress.
• 1790 – France is divided into 83 départements, cutting across the former provinces in an attempt to dislodge regional loyalties based on ownership of land by the nobility.
• 1791 – The Constitutional Act of 1791 is introduced by the British House of Commons in London which envisages the separation of Canada into Lower Canada (Quebec) and Upper Canada (Ontario).
• 1791 – Vermont is admitted to the United States as the fourteenth state.
• 1794 – The 11th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is passed by the U.S. Congress.
• 1797 – John Adams is inaugurated as the 2nd President of the United States of America, becoming the first President to begin his presidency on March 4.
• 1804 – Castle Hill Rebellion: Irish convicts rebel against British colonial authority in the Colony of New South Wales.
• 1813 – Cyril VI of Constantinople is elected Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
• 1814 – Americans defeat British forces at the Battle of Longwoods between London, Ontario and Thamesville, near present-day Wardsville, Ontario.
• 1837 – The city of Chicago is incorporated.
• 1848 – Carlo Alberto di Savoia signs the Statuto Albertino that will later represent the first constitution of the Regno d'Italia.
• 1861 – The first national flag of the Confederate States of America (the "Stars and Bars") is adopted.
• 1865 – The third and final national flag of the Confederate States of America is adopted by the Confederate Congress.
• 1882 – Britain's first electric trams run in east London.
• 1890 – The longest bridge in Great Britain, the Forth Bridge in Scotland, measuring 1,710 feet (520 m) long, is opened by the Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII.
• 1899 – Cyclone Mahina sweeps in north of Cooktown, Queensland, with a 12 metres (39 ft) wave that reaches up to 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) inland, killing over 300.
• 1908 – The Collinwood school fire, Collinwood near Cleveland, Ohio, kills 174 people.
• 1909 – U.S. President William Taft used what became known as a Saxbe fix, a mechanism to avoid the restriction of the U.S. Constitution's Ineligibility Clause, to appoint Philander C. Knox as U.S. Secretary of State
• 1913 – First Balkan War: The Greek army engages the Turks at Bizani, resulting in victory two days later.
• 1913 – The United States Department of Labor is formed.
• 1917 – Jeannette Rankin of Montana becomes the first female member of the United States House of Representatives.
• 1933 – Frances Perkins becomes United States Secretary of Labor, the first female member of the United States Cabinet.
• 1933 – The Parliament of Austria is suspended because of a quibble over procedure – Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss initiates an authoritarian rule by decree.
• 1941 – World War II: The United Kingdom launches Operation Claymore on the Lofoten Islands; the first large scale British Commando raid.
• 1943 – World War II: The Battle of the Bismarck Sea in the south-west Pacific comes to an end.
• 1944 – World War II: After the success of Big Week, the USAAF begins a daylight bombing campaign of Berlin.
• 1957 – The S&P 500 stock market index is introduced, replacing the S&P 90.
• 1960 – The French freighter La Coubre explodes in Havana, Cuba, killing 100.
• 1962 – A Caledonian Airways Douglas DC-7 crashes shortly after takeoff from Cameroon, killing 111 – the worst crash of a DC-7.
• 1966 – A Canadian Pacific Air Lines DC-8-43 explodes on landing at Tokyo International Airport, killing 64 people.
• 1966 – In an interview on London Evening Standard, The Beatles' John Lennon declares that the band is "more popular than Jesus now".
• 1970 – French submarine Eurydice explodes underwater, resulting in the loss of the entire 57-man crew.
• 1974 – People magazine is published for the first time in the United States as People Weekly.
• 1976 – The Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention is formally dissolved in Northern Ireland resulting in direct rule of Northern Ireland from London by the British parliament.
• 1977 – The 1977 Vrancea earthquake in eastern and southern Europe kills more than 1,500, mostly in Bucharest, Romania.
• 1980 – Nationalist leader Robert Mugabe wins a sweeping election victory to become Zimbabwe's first black prime minister.
• 1985 – The Food and Drug Administration approves a blood test for AIDS infection, used since then for screening all blood donations in the United States.
• 1986 – The Soviet Vega 1 begins returning images of Halley's Comet and the first images of its nucleus.
• 1996 – A derailed train in Weyauwega, Wisconsin (USA) causes the emergency evacuation of 2,300 people for 16 days.
• 1998 – Gay rights: Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc.: The Supreme Court of the United States rules that federal laws banning on-the-job sexual harassment also apply when both parties are the same sex.
• 2001 – BBC bombing: A massive car bomb explodes in front of the BBC Television Centre in London, seriously injuring one person; the attack was attributed to the Real IRA.
• 2002 – Afghanistan: Seven American Special Operations Forces soldiers and 200 Al-Qaeda Fighters are killed as American forces attempt to infiltrate the Shah-i-Kot Valley on a low-flying helicopter reconnaissance mission.
• 2009 – The International Criminal Court (ICC) issues an arrest warrant for Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Darfur. Al-Bashir is the first sitting head of state to be indicted by the ICC since its establishment in 2002.
• 2012 – A series of explosions is reported at a munitions dump in Brazzaville, the capital of the Republic of the Congo, killing at least 250 people.
• 2015 – At least 34 miners die in a suspected gas explosion at the Zasyadko coal mine in the rebel-held Donetsk region of Ukraine.

Births[edit]

• 895 – Liu Zhiyuan, founder of the Later Han Dynasty (d. 948)
• 977 – Al-Musabbihi, Fatimid historian and official (d. 1030)
• 1188 – Blanche of Castile, French queen consort (d. 1252)
• 1394 – Henry the Navigator, Portuguese explorer (d. 1460)
• 1484 – George, margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d. 1543)
• 1492 – Francesco de Layolle, Italian organist and composer (d. 1540)
• 1502 – Elisabeth of Hesse, princess of Saxony (d. 1557)
• 1519 – Hindal Mirza, Mughal emperor (d. 1551)
• 1526 – Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon (d. 1596)
• 1602 – Kanō Tan'yū, Japanese painter (d. 1674)
• 1634 – Kazimierz Łyszczyński, Polish philosopher (d. 1689)
• 1651 – John Somers, 1st Baron Somers, English lawyer, jurist, and politician, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain (d. 1716)
• 1655 – Fra Galgario, Italian painter (d. 1743)
• 1665 – Philip Christoph von Königsmarck, Swedish soldier (d. 1694)
• 1678 – Antonio Vivaldi, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1741)
• 1702 – Jack Sheppard, English criminal (d. 1724)
• 1706 – Lauritz de Thurah, Danish architect, designed the Hermitage Hunting Lodge and Gammel Holtegård (d. 1759)
• 1715 – James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave, English historian and politician (d. 1763)
• 1719 – George Pigot, 1st Baron Pigot, English politician (d. 1777)
• 1729 – Anne d'Arpajon, French wife of Philippe de Noailles (d. 1794)
• 1745 – Charles Dibdin, English actor, playwright, and composer (d. 1814)
• 1745 – Casimir Pulaski, Polish-American general (d. 1779)
• 1756 – Henry Raeburn, Scottish painter and educator (d. 1823)
• 1760 – Hugh Ronalds, British nurseryman who cultivated and documented 300 varieties of apples (d. 1833)
• 1769 – Muhammad Ali, Ottoman military leader and pasha (d. 1849)
• 1770 – Joseph Jacotot, French philosopher and academic (d. 1840)
• 1778 – Robert Emmet, Irish commander (d. 1803)
• 1781 – Rebecca Gratz, American educator and philanthropist (d. 1869)
• 1782 – Johann Rudolf Wyss, Swiss philosopher, author, and academic (d. 1830)
• 1792 – Isaac Lea, American conchologist, geologist, and publisher (d. 1886)
• 1793 – Karl Lachmann, German philologist and critic (d. 1851)
• 1817 – Edwards Pierrepont, American lawyer and politician, 34th United States Attorney General (d. 1892)
• 1820 – Francesco Bentivegna, Italian rebel leader (d. 1856)
• 1822 – Jules Antoine Lissajous, French mathematician and academic (d. 1880)
• 1823 – George Caron, Canadian businessman and politician (d. 1902)
• 1826 – August Johann Gottfried Bielenstein, German linguist, ethnographer, and theologian (d. 1907)
• 1826 – John Buford, American general (d. 1863)
• 1826 – Elme Marie Caro, French philosopher and academic (d. 1887)
• 1826 – Theodore Judah, American engineer, founded the Central Pacific Railroad (d. 1863)
• 1828 – Owen Wynne Jones, Welsh clergyman and poet (d. 1870)
• 1838 – Paul Lacôme, French pianist, cellist, and composer (d. 1920)
• 1847 – Carl Josef Bayer, Austrian chemist and academic (d. 1904)
• 1851 – Alexandros Papadiamantis, Greek author and poet (d. 1911)
• 1854 – Napier Shaw, English meteorologist and academic (d. 1945)
• 1856 – Alfred William Rich, English painter, author, and educator (d. 1921)
• 1861 – Arthur Cushman McGiffert, American theologian and author (d. 1933)
• 1862 – Jacob Robert Emden, Swiss astrophysicist and meteorologist (d. 1940)
• 1863 – R. I. Pocock, English zoologist and archaeologist (d. 1947)
• 1863 – John Henry Wigmore, American academic and jurist (d. 1943)
• 1864 – David W. Taylor, American admiral, architect, and engineer (d. 1940)
• 1866 – Eugène Cosserat, French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1931)
• 1867 – Jacob L. Beilhart, American activist, founded the Spirit Fruit Society (d. 1908)
• 1870 – Thomas Sturge Moore, English author and poet (d. 1944)
• 1871 – Boris Galerkin, Russian mathematician and engineer (d. 1945)
• 1873 – Guy Wetmore Carryl, American journalist and poet (d. 1904)
• 1873 – John H. Trumbull, American colonel and politician, 70th Governor of Connecticut (d. 1961)
• 1875 – Mihály Károlyi, Hungarian politician, President of the Hungary (d. 1955)
• 1875 – Enrique Larreta, Argentinian historian and author (d. 1961)
• 1876 – Léon-Paul Fargue, French poet and author (d. 1947)
• 1876 – Theodore Hardeen, Hungarian-American magician (d. 1945)
• 1877 – Alexander Goedicke, Russian pianist and composer (d. 1957)
• 1877 – Fritz Graebner, German geographer and ethnologist (d. 1934)
• 1877 – Garrett Morgan, African-American inventor (d. 1963)
• 1878 – Takeo Arishima, Japanese author and critic (d. 1923)
• 1878 – Egbert Van Alstyne, American pianist and songwriter (d. 1951)
• 1879 – Bernhard Kellermann, German author and poet (d. 1951)
• 1880 – Channing Pollock, American playwright and critic (d. 1946)
• 1881 – Todor Aleksandrov, Bulgarian educator and activist (d. 1924)
• 1881 – Thomas Sigismund Stribling, American lawyer and author (d. 1965)
• 1881 – Richard C. Tolman, American physicist and chemist (d. 1948)
• 1882 – Nicolae Titulescu, Romanian academic and politician, 61st Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1941)
• 1883 – Maude Fealy, American actress and screenwriter (d. 1971)
• 1883 – Sam Langford, Canadian-American boxer (d. 1956)
• 1884 – Red Murray, American baseball player (d. 1958)
• 1886 – Paul Bazelaire, French cellist and composer (d. 1958)
• 1888 – Rafaela Ottiano, Italian-American actress (d. 1942)
• 1888 – Jeff Pfeffer, American baseball player (d. 1972)
• 1888 – Knute Rockne, American football player and coach (d. 1931)
• 1889 – Oscar Chisini, Italian mathematician and statistician (d. 1967)
• 1889 – Oren E. Long, American soldier and politician, 10th Territorial Governor of Hawaii (d. 1965)
• 1889 – Pearl White, American actress (d. 1938)
• 1889 – Robert William Wood, English-American painter (d. 1979)
• 1890 – Norman Bethune, Canadian soldier and physician (d. 1939)
• 1891 – Dazzy Vance, American baseball player (d. 1961)
• 1893 – Charles Herbert Colvin, American engineer, co-founded the Pioneer Instrument Company (d. 1985)
• 1893 – Adolph Lowe, German sociologist and economist (d. 1995)
• 1894 – Charles Corm, Lebanese businessman and philanthropist (d. 1963)
• 1895 – Milt Gross, American animator, director, and screenwriter (d. 1953)
• 1896 – Kai Holm, Danish actor and director (d. 1985)
• 1897 – Lefty O'Doul, American baseball player and manager (d. 1969)
• 1898 – Georges Dumézil, French philologist and academic (d. 1986)
• 1898 – Hans Krebs, German general (d. 1945)
• 1899 – Emilio Prados, Spanish poet and author (d. 1962)
• 1900 – Herbert Biberman, American director and screenwriter (d. 1971)
• 1901 – Wilbur R. Franks, Canadian scientist, invented the g-suit (d. 1986)
• 1901 – Charles Goren, American bridge player and author (d. 1991)
• 1901 – Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo, Malagasy-French author, poet, and playwright (d. 1937)
• 1902 – Rachel Messerer, Lithuanian-Russian actress (d. 1993)
• 1902 – Russell Reeder, American soldier and author (d. 1998)
• 1903 – William C. Boyd, American immunologist and chemist (d. 1983)
• 1903 – Malcolm Dole, American chemist and academic (d. 1990)
• 1903 – Dorothy Mackaill, English-American actress and singer (d. 1990)
• 1903 – John Scarne, American magician and author (d. 1985)
• 1904 – Luis Carrero Blanco, Spanish admiral and politician, 69th President of the Government of Spain (d. 1973)
• 1904 – George Gamow, Ukrainian-American physicist and cosmologist (d. 1968)
• 1904 – Joseph Schmidt, Austrian-Hungarian tenor and actor (d. 1942)
• 1906 – Meindert DeJong, Dutch-American soldier and author (d. 1991)
• 1906 – Avery Fisher, American violinist and engineer, founded Fisher Electronics (d. 1994)
• 1906 – Georges Ronsse, Belgian cyclist and manager (d. 1969)
• 1908 – T. R. M. Howard, American surgeon and activist (d. 1976)
• 1908 – Thomas Shaw, American singer and guitarist (d. 1977)
• 1909 – Harry Helmsley, American businessman (d. 1997)
• 1909 – George Edward Holbrook, American chemist and engineer (d. 1987)
• 1910 – Tancredo Neves, Brazilian lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of Brazil (d. 1985)
• 1911 – Charles Greville, 7th Earl of Warwick, English actor (d. 1984)
• 1912 – Afro Basaldella, Italian painter and academic (d. 1976)
• 1912 – Ferdinand Leitner, German conductor and composer (d. 1996)
• 1912 – Carl Marzani, Italian-American activist and publisher (d. 1994)
• 1913 – Taos Amrouche, Algerian singer and author (d. 1976)
• 1913 – John Garfield, American actor and singer (d. 1952)
• 1914 – Barbara Newhall Follett, American author (d. 1939)
• 1914 – Ward Kimball, American animator, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2002)
• 1914 – Robert R. Wilson, American physicist, sculptor, and architect (d. 2000)
• 1915 – László Csatáry, Hungarian art dealer (d. 2013)
• 1915 – Frank Sleeman, Australian lieutenant and politician, Lord Mayor of Brisbane (d. 2000)
• 1915 – Carlos Surinach, Spanish-Catalan composer and conductor (d. 1997)
• 1916 – William Alland, American actor, director, and producer (d. 1997)
• 1916 – Giorgio Bassani, Italian author and poet (d. 2000)
• 1916 – Hans Eysenck, German-English psychologist and theorist (d. 1997)
• 1917 – Clyde McCullough, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1982)
• 1918 – Kurt Dahlmann, German pilot, lawyer, and journalist (d. 2017)
• 1918 – Margaret Osborne duPont, American tennis player (d. 2012)
• 1919 – Buck Baker, American race car driver (d. 2002)
• 1919 – Tan Chee Khoon, Malaysian physician and politician (d. 1996)
• 1920 – Jean Lecanuet, French politician, French Minister of Justice (d. 1993)
• 1920 – Alan MacNaughtan, Scottish-English actor (d. 2002)
• 1921 – Halim El-Dabh, Egyptian-American composer and educator (d. 2017)
• 1921 – Joan Greenwood, English actress (d. 1987)
• 1921 – Dinny Pails, English-Australian tennis player (d. 1986)
• 1922 – Richard E. Cunha, American director and cinematographer (d. 2005)
• 1923 – Russell Freeburg, American journalist and author
• 1923 – Francis King, English author and poet (d. 2011)
• 1923 – Patrick Moore, English astronomer and television host (d. 2012)
• 1924 – Kenneth O'Donnell, American soldier and politician (d. 1977)
• 1925 – Alan R. Battersby, English chemist and academic (d. 2018)
• 1925 – Paul Mauriat, French conductor and composer (d. 2006)
• 1926 – Henri de Contenson, French archaeologist and academic
• 1926 – Richard DeVos, American businessman and philanthropist, co-founded Amway
• 1926 – Pascual Pérez, Argentinian boxer (d. 1977)
• 1926 – Don Rendell, English saxophonist and flute player (d. 2015)
• 1927 – Phil Batt, American soldier and politician, 29th Governor of Idaho
• 1927 – Thayer David, American actor (d. 1978)
• 1927 – Jacques Dupin, French poet and critic (d. 2012)
• 1927 – Robert Orben, American magician and author
• 1927 – Dick Savitt, American tennis player and businessman
• 1928 – Samuel Adler, German-American composer and conductor
• 1928 – Alan Sillitoe, English novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet (d. 2010)
• 1929 – Bernard Haitink, Dutch violinist and conductor
• 1929 – Peter Swerling, American theoretician and engineer (d. 2000)
• 1931 – Wally Bruner, American journalist and television host (d. 1997)
• 1931 – Bob Johnson, American ice hockey player and coach (d. 1991)
• 1931 – William Henry Keeler, American cardinal (d. 2017)
• 1931 – Alice Rivlin, American economist and politician
• 1932 – Sigurd Jansen, Norwegian pianist, composer, and conductor
• 1932 – Ryszard Kapuściński, Polish journalist, photographer, and poet (d. 2007)
• 1932 – Miriam Makeba, South African singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2008)
• 1932 – Ed Roth, American illustrator (d. 2001)
• 1932 – Frank Wells, American businessman (d. 1994)
• 1933 – Nino Vaccarella, Italian race car driver
• 1934 – Mario Davidovsky, Argentinian-American composer and academic
• 1934 – John Duffey, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1996)
• 1934 – Anne Haney, American actress (d. 2001)
• 1934 – Barbara McNair, American singer and actress (d. 2007)
• 1934 – Sandra Reynolds, South African tennis player
• 1934 – Janez Strnad, Slovenian physicist and academic (d. 2015)
• 1935 – Edward Dębicki, Ukrainian-Polish poet and composer
• 1935 – Bent Larsen, Danish chess player and author (d. 2010)
• 1936 – Eric Allandale, Dominican trombonist and songwriter (d. 2001)
• 1936 – Jim Clark, Scottish race car driver (d. 1968)
• 1936 – Aribert Reimann, German pianist and composer
• 1937 – José Araquistáin, Spanish footballer
• 1937 – William Deverell, Canadian lawyer, author, and activist
• 1937 – Graham Dowling, New Zealand cricketer
• 1937 – Leslie H. Gelb, American journalist and author
• 1937 – Yuri Senkevich, Russian physician and explorer (d. 2003)
• 1937 – Barney Wilen, French saxophonist and composer (d. 1996)
• 1937 – Richard B. Wright, Canadian journalist and author
• 1938 – Anton Balasingham, Sri Lankan-English negotiator (d. 2006)
• 1938 – Alpha Condé, Guinean politician, President of Guinea
• 1938 – Allan Kornblum, American police officer and judge (d. 2010)
• 1938 – Angus MacLise, American drummer and composer (d. 1979)
• 1938 – Don Perkins, American football player and sportscaster
• 1938 – Paula Prentiss, American actress
• 1938 – Adam Daniel Rotfeld, Polish academic and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs
• 1939 – Jack Fisher, American baseball player
• 1940 – Wolfgang Hoffmann-Riem, German scholar and judge
• 1940 – David Plante, American novelist
• 1941 – Adrian Lyne, English director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1941 – James Zagel, American lawyer and judge
• 1942 – Gloria Gaither, American singer-songwriter
• 1942 – Charles C. Krulak, American general
• 1942 – David Matthews, American keyboard player and composer
• 1942 – Lynn Sherr, American journalist and author
• 1942 – James Gustave Speth, American lawyer, and politician
• 1942 – Zorán Sztevanovity, Serbian-Hungarian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1943 – Lucio Dalla, Italian singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2012)
• 1943 – Aldo Rico, Argentinian commander and politician
• 1944 – Harvey Postlethwaite, English engineer (d. 1999)
• 1944 – Anthony Ichiro Sanda, Japanese-American physicist and academic
• 1944 – Len Walker, English footballer and manager
• 1944 – Bobby Womack, American singer-songwriter (d. 2014)
• 1945 – Tommy Svensson, Swedish footballer and manager
• 1945 – Gary Williams, American basketball player and coach
• 1946 – Michael Ashcroft, English businessman and politician
• 1946 – Danny Frisella, American baseball player (d. 1977)
• 1946 – Patricia Kennealy-Morrison, American journalist and author
• 1947 – Jan Garbarek, Norwegian saxophonist and composer
• 1947 – Bob Lewis, American guitarist
• 1947 – Pēteris Plakidis, Latvian pianist and composer
• 1948 – Lindy Chamberlain-Creighton, New Zealand-Australian author
• 1948 – James Ellroy, American writer
• 1948 – Tom Grieve, American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster
• 1948 – Jean O'Leary, American nun and activist (d. 2005)
• 1948 – Chris Squire, English singer-songwriter and bass guitarist (d. 2015)
• 1948 – Shakin' Stevens, British singer-songwriter
• 1949 – Sergei Bagapsh, Abkhazian politician, 2nd President of Abkhazia (d. 2011)
• 1949 – Carroll Baker, Canadian singer-songwriter
• 1949 – Cookie Mueller, American actress and screenwriter (d. 1989)
• 1950 – Ofelia Medina, Mexican actress and screenwriter
• 1950 – Rick Perry, American captain and politician, 47th Governor of Texas
• 1950 – Safet Plakalo, Bosnian author and playwright (d. 2015)
• 1951 – Edelgard Bulmahn, German educator and politician, German Federal Minister of Education and Research
• 1951 – Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, South Korean-American author, director, and producer (d. 1982)
• 1951 – Kenny Dalglish, Scottish footballer and manager
• 1951 – Pete Haycock, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2013)
• 1951 – Sam Perlozzo, American baseball player and manager
• 1951 – Chris Rea, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1951 – Glenis Willmott, English scientist and politician
• 1951 – Zoran Žižić, Montenegrin politician, 4th Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (d. 2013)
• 1952 – Peter Kuhfeld, English painter
• 1952 – Ronn Moss, American singer-songwriter and actor
• 1952 – Svend Robinson, American-Canadian lawyer and politician
• 1952 – Umberto Tozzi, Italian singer-songwriter and producer
• 1953 – John Edwards, Australian director and producer
• 1953 – Emilio Estefan, Cuban-American drummer and producer
• 1953 – Paweł Janas, Polish footballer and manager
• 1953 – Ray Price, Australian rugby player and sportscaster
• 1953 – Reinhold Roth, German motorcycle racer
• 1953 – Chris Smith, American lawyer and politician
• 1953 – Agustí Villaronga, Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1953 – Daniel Woodrell American novelist and short story writer
• 1954 – Timur Apakidze, Russian general and pilot (d. 2001)
• 1954 – Mark Chorvinsky, American magician and author (d. 2005)
• 1954 – François Fillon, French lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of France
• 1954 – Peter Jacobsen, American golfer and sportscaster
• 1954 – Catherine O'Hara, Canadian-American actress and comedian
• 1954 – Irina Ratushinskaya, Russian poet and author
• 1955 – Tim Costello, Australian minister and politician
• 1955 – Joey Jones, Welsh footballer and manager
• 1957 – Nicholas Coleridge, English journalist and businessman
• 1957 – Mykelti Williamson, American actor and director
• 1958 – Patricia Heaton, American actress
• 1958 – Massimo Mascioletti, Italian rugby player and coach
• 1959 – Rick Ardon, Australian journalist
• 1959 – Plamen Getov, Bulgarian footballer
• 1961 – Ray Mancini, American boxer
• 1961 – Steven Weber, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1961 – Roger Wessels, South African golfer and educator
• 1962 – Simon Bisley, English author and illustrator
• 1962 – Paul Canoville, English footballer
• 1962 – Stephan Reimertz, German historian and author
• 1962 – David Sparrow, English-Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1963 – Jason Newsted, American heavy metal singer-songwriter and bass player
• 1964 – Dave Colclough, Welsh computer programmer and poker player
• 1964 – Brian Crowley, Irish lawyer and politician
• 1964 – Tom Lampkin, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1964 – Paolo Virzì, Italian director and screenwriter
• 1965 – Greg Alexander, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
• 1965 – Paul W. S. Anderson, English director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1965 – Andrew Collins, English journalist and screenwriter
• 1965 – Khaled Hosseini, Afghan-born American novelist
• 1965 – Yury Lonchakov, Russian colonel, pilot, and astronaut
• 1966 – Emese Hunyady, Hungarian speed skater
• 1966 – Kevin Johnson, American basketball player and politician, 55th Mayor of Sacramento
• 1966 – Fiona Ma, American accountant and politician
• 1966 – Helmut Mayer, Austrian skier
• 1966 – Glen Nissen, Australian rugby league player
• 1966 – Dav Pilkey, American author and illustrator
• 1966 – Grand Puba, American rapper
• 1966 – Mike Small, American golfer and coach
• 1967 – Daryll Cullinan, South African cricketer and coach
• 1967 – Evan Dando, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1967 – Ivan Lewis, English lawyer and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
• 1967 – Terry Matterson, Australian rugby league player and coach
• 1967 – Dave Rayner, English cyclist (d. 1994)
• 1967 – Kubilay Türkyilmaz, Swiss footballer
• 1967 – Tim Vine, English comedian, actor, and author
• 1968 – Giovanni Carrara, Venezuelan baseball player
• 1968 – Jorge Celedón, Colombian singer
• 1968 – Patsy Kensit, English model and actress
• 1968 – Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Greek banker and politician
• 1968 – Graham Westley, English footballer and manager
• 1969 – Pierluigi Casiraghi, Italian footballer and manager
• 1970 – Àlex Crivillé, Spanish motorcycle racer
• 1970 – Caroline Vis, Dutch tennis player
• 1971 – Iain Baird, Canadian soccer player and manager
• 1971 – Claire Baker, Scottish politician
• 1971 – Anders Kjølholm, Danish bass player
• 1971 – Satoshi Motoyama, Japanese race car driver
• 1972 – Katherine Center, American journalist and author
• 1972 – Nocturno Culto, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1972 – Robert Smith, American football player and sportscaster
• 1972 – Ivy Queen, Puerto Rican singer, songwriter, rapper, actress and record producer
• 1972 – Jos Verstappen, Dutch race car driver
• 1972 – Alison Wheeler, English singer-songwriter
• 1973 – Massimo Brambilla, Italian footballer and coach
• 1973 – Phillip Daniels, American football player and coach
• 1973 – Valery Kobelev, Russian ski jumper
• 1973 – Penny Mordaunt, English lieutenant and politician, Minister of State for the Armed Forces
• 1973 – Linus of Hollywood, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1973 – Len Wiseman, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1973 – Chandra Sekhar Yeleti, Indian director and screenwriter
• 1974 – Crowbar, American wrestler
• 1974 – Mladen Krstajić, Serbian footballer and manager
• 1974 – Karol Kučera, Slovak tennis player
• 1974 – Ariel Ortega, Argentinian footballer
• 1974 – Tommy Phelps, South Korean-American baseball player and coach
• 1974 – ICS Vortex, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1974 – David Wagner, American tennis player and educator
• 1974 – Bill Young, Australian rugby player
• 1975 – Mats Eilertsen, Norwegian bassist and composer
• 1975 – Patrick Femerling, German basketball player
• 1975 – Antti Aalto, Finnish ice hockey player
• 1975 – Kristi Harrower, Australian basketball player
• 1975 – Brian McGuire, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1975 – Hawksley Workman, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1976 – Robbie Blake, English footballer
• 1976 – Tommy Jönsson, Swedish footballer
• 1977 – Nacho Figueras, Argentinian polo player and model
• 1977 – Traver Rains, American fashion designer and photographer
• 1978 – Pierre Dagenais, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1978 – Denis Dallan, Italian rugby player and singer
• 1978 – Jean-Marc Pelletier, American ice hockey player
• 1979 – Sarah Stock, Canadian wrestler and trainer
• 1980 – Rohan Bopanna, Indian tennis player
• 1980 – Omar Bravo, Mexican footballer
• 1980 – Giedrius Gustas, Lithuanian basketball player
• 1980 – Scott Hamilton, New Zealand rugby player and coach
• 1980 – Jack Hannahan, American baseball player
• 1980 – Michael Henrich, American ice hockey player
• 1980 – Phil McGuire, Scottish footballer and manager
• 1981 – Ariza Makukula, Portuguese footballer
• 1981 – Helen Wyman, English cyclist
• 1982 – Landon Donovan, American soccer player and coach
• 1982 – Cate Edwards, American lawyer and author
• 1982 – Ludmila Ezhova, Russian gymnast
• 1983 – Samuel Contesti, French-Italian figure skater
• 1983 – Jaque Fourie, South African rugby player
• 1984 – Tamir Cohen, Israeli footballer
• 1984 – Anders Grøndal, Norwegian race car driver
• 1984 – Spencer Larsen, American football player
• 1984 – Raven Quinn, American singer-songwriter
• 1984 – Zak Whitbread, American-English footballer
• 1985 – Jake Buxton, English footballer
• 1985 – Chinedum Ndukwe, American football player
• 1985 – Whitney Port, American fashion designer and author
• 1986 – Steven Burke, English road and track cyclist
• 1986 – Tom De Mul, Belgian footballer
• 1986 – Mike Krieger, Brazilian-American computer programmer and businessman, co-founded Instagram
• 1986 – Siim Roops, Estonian footballer
• 1986 – Bohdan Shust, Ukrainian footballer
• 1986 – Manu Vatuvei, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1986 – Margo Harshman, American actress
• 1987 – Ben McKinley, Australian footballer
• 1987 – Cameron Wood, Australian footballer
• 1987 – Tamzin Merchant, English actress
• 1988 – Gal Mekel, Israeli basketball player
• 1988 – Laura Siegemund, German tennis player
• 1988 – Adam Watts, English footballer
• 1990 – Paddy Madden, Irish footballer
• 1990 – Fran Mérida, Spanish footballer
• 1990 – Andrea Bowen, American actress
• 1992 – Nick Castellanos, American baseball player
• 1992 – Érik Lamela, Argentinian footballer
• 1992 – Bernd Leno, German footballer
• 1992 – Karl Mööl, Estonian footballer
• 1993 – Bobbi Kristina Brown, American singer and actress (d. 2015)
• 1993 – Richard Peniket, English footballer
• 1994 – Callum Harriott, English footballer
• 1996 – Lukas Webb, Australian rules footballer

Deaths[edit]

• 306 – Adrian and Natalia of Nicomedia, Christian martyrs
• 480 – Landry of Sées, French bishop and saint
• 561 – Pelagius I, pope of the Catholic Church
• 934 – Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah, Fatimid caliph (b. 873)
• 1172 – Stephen III, king of Hungary (b. 1147)
• 1193 – Saladin, founder of the Ayyubid Sultanate (b. 1137)
• 1238 – Joan of England, queen of Scotland (b. 1210)
• 1238 – Yuri II, Russian Grand Prince (b. 1189)
• 1303 – Daniel of Moscow, Russian Grand Duke (b. 1261)
• 1314 – Jakub Świnka, Polish priest and archbishop
• 1371 – Jeanne d'Évreux, queen consort of France (b. 1310)
• 1388 – Thomas Usk, English author
• 1484 – Saint Casimir, Polish prince (b. 1458)
• 1496 – Sigismund, archduke of Austria (b. 1427)
• 1583 – Bernard Gilpin, English priest and theologian (b. 1517)
• 1604 – Fausto Sozzini, Italian theologian and educator (b. 1539)
• 1615 – Hans von Aachen, German painter and educator (b. 1552)
• 1710 – Louis III, duke of Bourbon (b. 1668)
• 1733 – Claude de Forbin, French admiral and politician (b. 1656)
• 1744 – John Anstis, English historian and politician (b. 1669)
• 1762 – Johannes Zick, German painter (b. 1702)
• 1793 – Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre (b. 1725)
• 1795 – John Collins, American politician, 3rd Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1717)
• 1805 – Jean-Baptiste Greuze, French painter (b. 1725)
• 1807 – Abraham Baldwin, American minister, lawyer, and politician (b. 1754)
• 1811 – Mariano Moreno, Argentinian journalist, lawyer, and politician (b. 1778)
• 1832 – Jean-François Champollion, French philologist and scholar (b. 1790)
• 1851 – James Richardson, English explorer (b. 1809)
• 1852 – Nikolai Gogol, Ukrainian-Russian short story writer, novelist, and playwright (b. 1809)
• 1853 – Thomas Bladen Capel, English admiral (b. 1776)
• 1853 – Christian Leopold von Buch, German geologist and paleontologist (b. 1774)
• 1858 – Matthew C. Perry, American naval commander (b. 1794)
• 1864 – Thomas Starr King, American minister and politician (b. 1824)
• 1866 – Alexander Campbell, Irish-American minister and theologian (b. 1788)
• 1872 – Carsten Hauch, Danish poet and playwright (b. 1790)
• 1883 – Alexander H. Stephens, American lawyer and politician, Vice President of the Confederate States of America (b. 1812)
• 1888 – Amos Bronson Alcott, American philosopher and educator (b. 1799)
• 1903 – Joseph Henry Shorthouse, English author (b. 1834)
• 1906 – John Schofield, American general and politician, 28th United States Secretary of War (b. 1831)
• 1915 – William Willett, English inventor, founded British Summer Time (b. 1856)
• 1916 – Franz Marc, German painter (b. 1880)
• 1925 – Moritz Moszkowski, Polish-German pianist and composer (b. 1854)
• 1925 – James Ward, English psychologist and philosopher (b. 1843)
• 1925 – John Montgomery Ward, American baseball player and manager (b. 1860)
• 1927 – Ira Remsen, American chemist and academic (b. 1846)
• 1938 – George Foster Peabody, American banker and philanthropist (b. 1852)
• 1938 – Jack Taylor, American baseball player (b. 1874)
• 1940 – Hamlin Garland, American novelist, poet, essayist, and short story writer (b. 1860)
• 1941 – Ludwig Quidde, German activist and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1858)
• 1944 – Fannie Barrier Williams, American educator and activist (b. 1855)
• 1944 – Louis Buchalter, American mob boss (b. 1897)
• 1944 – Louis Capone, Italian-American gangster (b. 1896)
• 1944 – René Lefebvre, French businessman (b. 1879)
• 1945 – Lucille La Verne, American actress (b. 1872)
• 1945 – Mark Sandrich, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1900)
• 1948 – Antonin Artaud, French actor and director (b. 1896)
• 1949 – Clarence Kingsbury English cyclist (b. 1882)
• 1952 – Charles Scott Sherrington, English neurophysiologist and pathologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857)
• 1954 – Noel Gay, English composer and songwriter (b. 1898)
• 1960 – Herbert O'Conor, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 51st Governor of Maryland (b. 1896)
• 1963 – William Carlos Williams, American poet, short story writer, and essayist (b. 1883)
• 1969 – Nicholas Schenck, Russian-American businessman (b. 1881)
• 1972 – Harold Barrowclough, New Zealand general, lawyer, and politician, 8th Chief Justice of New Zealand (b. 1894)
• 1972 – Charles Biro, American author and illustrator (b. 1911)
• 1974 – Adolph Gottlieb, American painter and sculptor (b. 1903)
• 1976 – John Marvin Jones, American judge and politician (b. 1882)
• 1976 – Walter H. Schottky, Swiss-German physicist and engineer (b. 1886)
• 1977 – Anatol E. Baconsky, Romanian poet, author, and critic (b. 1925)
• 1977 – Nancy Tyson Burbidge, Australian botanist and curator (b. 1912)
• 1977 – Andrés Caicedo, Colombian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1951)
• 1977 – William Paul, American lawyer and politician (b. 1885)
• 1977 – Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, German jurist and politician, German Minister for Foreign Affairs (b. 1887)
• 1978 – Wesley Bolin, American businessman and politician, 15th Governor of Arizona (b. 1909)
• 1978 – Joe Marsala, American clarinet player and songwriter (b. 1907)
• 1979 – Willi Unsoeld, American mountaineer and educator (b. 1926)
• 1980 – Alan Hardaker, English lieutenant and businessman (b. 1912)
• 1981 – Torin Thatcher, American actor (b. 1905)
• 1981 – Karl-Jesko von Puttkamer, German admiral (b. 1900)
• 1986 – Albert L. Lehninger, American biochemist and academic (b. 1917)
• 1986 – Richard Manuel, Canadian singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1943)
• 1986 – Elizabeth Smart, Canadian poet and author (b. 1913)
• 1987 – Seibo Kitamura, Japanese sculptor (b. 1884)
• 1988 – Beatriz Guido, Argentine author and screenwriter (b. 1924)
• 1989 – Tiny Grimes, American guitarist (b. 1916)
• 1990 – Hank Gathers, American basketball player (b. 1967)
• 1991 – Godfrey Bryan, English cricketer (b. 1902)
• 1992 – Art Babbitt, American animator and director (b. 1907)
• 1992 – Pare Lorentz, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1905)
• 1993 – Art Hodes, Ukrainian-American pianist and composer (b. 1904)
• 1993 – Tomislav Ivčić, Croatian singer-songwriter and politician (b. 1953)
• 1993 – Izaak Kolthoff, Dutch chemist and academic (b. 1894)
• 1993 – Nicholas Ridley, Baron Ridley of Liddesdale, English lieutenant and politician, Secretary of State for the Environment (b. 1929)
• 1994 – John Candy, Canadian comedian and actor (b. 1950)
• 1994 – George Edward Hughes, Irish-Scottish philosopher and author (b. 1918)
• 1995 – Matt Urban, American colonel, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1919)
• 1996 – Minnie Pearl, American entertainer (b. 1912)
• 1996 – John Sauer, American football player, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1925)
• 1997 – Joe Baker-Cresswell, English captain (b. 1901)
• 1997 – Robert H. Dicke, American physicist and astronomer (b. 1916)
• 1998 – Ivan Dougherty, Australian general (b. 1907)
• 1999 – Harry Blackmun, American lawyer and judge (b. 1908)
• 1999 – Del Close, American actor and educator (b. 1934)
• 1999 – Miłosz Magin, Polish pianist and composer (b. 1929)
• 2000 – Hermann Brück, German-Scottish physicist and astronomer (b. 1905)
• 2000 – Michael Noonan, New Zealand-Australian author and screenwriter (b. 1921)
• 2000 – Ta-You Wu, Chinese physicist and academic (b. 1907)
• 2001 – Gerardo Barbero, Argentinian chess player (b. 1961)
• 2001 – Jean René Bazaine, French painter and author (b. 1904)
• 2001 – Fred Lasswell, American cartoonist (b. 1916)
• 2001 – Jim Rhodes, American businessman and politician, 61st Governor of Ohio (b. 1909)
• 2001 – Harold Stassen, American educator and politician, 25th Governor of Minnesota (b. 1907)
• 2002 – Ugnė Karvelis, Lithuanian author and translator (b. 1935)
• 2002 – Elyne Mitchell, Australian skier and author (b. 1913)
• 2002 – Velibor Vasović, Serbian footballer and manager (b. 1939)
• 2003 – Jaba Ioseliani, Georgian playwright, academic, and politician (b. 1926)
• 2003 – Sébastien Japrisot, French author, screenwriter, and director (b. 1931)
• 2004 – Claude Nougaro, French singer-songwriter (b. 1929)
• 2005 – Nicola Calipari, Italian general (b. 1953)
• 2005 – Yuriy Kravchenko, Ukrainian police officer and politician (b. 1951)
• 2005 – Carlos Sherman, Uruguayan-Belarusian author and activist (b. 1934)
• 2006 – John Reynolds Gardiner, American author and engineer (b. 1944)
• 2006 – Edgar Valter, Estonian author and illustrator (b. 1929)
• 2007 – Thomas Eagleton, American lawyer and politician, 38th Lieutenant Governor of Missouri (b. 1929)
• 2007 – Tadeusz Nalepa, Polish singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1934)
• 2007 – Ian Wooldridge, English journalist (b. 1932)
• 2008 – Gary Gygax, American game designer, co-created Dungeons & Dragons (b. 1938)
• 2008 – Leonard Rosenman, American composer and conductor (b. 1924)
• 2009 – Yvon Cormier, Canadian wrestler (b. 1938)
• 2009 – Horton Foote, American playwright and screenwriter (b. 1916)
• 2009 – George McAfee, American football player (b. 1918)
• 2010 – Raimund Abraham, Austrian architect and educator, designed the Austrian Cultural Forum New York (b. 1933)
• 2010 – Johnny Alf, Brazilian pianist and composer (b. 1929)
• 2010 – Vladislav Ardzinba, Abkhazian historian and politician, 1st President of Abkhazia (b. 1945)
• 2010 – Fred Wedlock, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1942)
• 2011 – Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, Nepalese journalist and politician, 29th Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1924)
• 2011 – Vivienne Harris, English journalist and publisher, co-founded the Jewish Telegraph (b. 1921)
• 2011 – Ed Manning, American basketball player and coach (b. 1943)
• 2011 – Arjun Singh, Indian politician (b. 1930)
• 2011 – Alenush Terian, Iranian astronomer and physicist (b. 1920)
• 2011 – Simon van der Meer, Dutch-Swiss physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1925)
• 2012 – Paul McBride, Scottish lawyer and politician (b. 1965)
• 2012 – Don Mincher, American baseball player (b. 1938)
• 2013 – Lillian Cahn, Hungarian-American businesswoman, co-founded Coach, Inc. (b. 1923)
• 2013 – Mickey Moore, Canadian-American actor and director (b. 1914)
• 2013 – Toren Smith, Canadian businessman, founded Studio Proteus (b. 1960)
• 2014 – Mark Freidkin, Russian author and poet (b. 1953)
• 2014 – Elaine Kellett-Bowman, English lawyer and politician (b. 1923)
• 2014 – Jack Kinzler, American engineer (b. 1920)
• 2014 – Wu Tianming, Chinese director and producer (b. 1939)
• 2015 – Dušan Bilandžić, Croatian historian and politician (b. 1924)
• 2015 – Ray Hatton, English-American runner, author, and academic (b. 1932)
• 2016 – Bud Collins, American journalist and sportscaster (b. 1929)
• 2016 – Pat Conroy, American author (b. 1945)
• 2016 – P. A. Sangma, Indian lawyer and politician, Speaker of the Lok Sabha (b. 1947)
• 2016 – Zhou Xiaoyan, Chinese soprano and educator (b. 1917)
• 2017 – Clayton Yeutter, American politician (b. 1930)

Eight ways the 2018 Oscars will be different

Image copyrightAFP/GETTY

"And the winner is... La La Land!" 

Somehow, that moment - and the subsequent revelation that Moonlight had, in fact, won the Oscar for best picture was a whole year ago.

But an awful lot can change in Hollywood in a single year. 

Here are eight things that will be different about the 90th Academy Awards - and what to look out for at Sunday's ceremony. 

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1. The way winners are announced

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

Expect envelope jokes. Lots of them.

That said, host Jimmy Kimmel already got a few quips out of the way in the trailer for this year's show, co-starring with Warren Beatty, who was handed the wrong envelope at last year's ceremony. 

PricewaterhouseCoopers, the accounting firm which has been in charge of counting Oscar votes (and looking after those all-important envelopes) for the past 84 years is, perhaps unsurprisingly, making a few changes. 

• The employees previously responsible for handing the golden envelopes to the presenters, Martha Ruiz and Brian Cullinan, have been replaced, although they do still work for the company. 
• This year, in addition to the two accountants who sit either side of the stage with a full set of envelopes, a third person will be situated in the show's control room. They will also commit the winners to memory. 
• All three will attend rehearsals and practice what to do if anything goes wrong. 
• Each presenter, and a stage manager, will have to confirm they've been handed the correct envelope for the category they are announcing. The problem last year was that Beatty was given the best actress envelope, when that award had already been presented to Emma Stone 
• PwC employees are banned from using mobile phones and social media while the ceremony is going on. Last year, Cullinan had been posting on Twitterjust before the mix-up.

2. Last year's best actor winner won't present the best actress award

Image copyrightAFP/GETTY

It's traditional for the previous year's best actor winner to announce who has won best actress - and vice versa. 

But Casey Affleck, who won the award for Manchester by the Sea, has pulled out of presenting duties. 

He was sued by two female crew members for alleged sexual harassment in 2010. Affleck denied the allegations, and the lawsuits were settled out of court. 

It's not yet known who will be responsible for announcing the best actress winner. 

3. The presenting line-up is making history 

Image copyrightREUTERS

A diverse line-up of presenters has been chosen to actually hand out the Oscars. They include Tiffany Haddish, Gina Rodriguez, Lin-Manuel Miranda and Lupita Nyong'o. 

And Daniela Vega is also making history. She is believed to be the first openly transgender actress to present at the Academy Awards. Vega is the star of Chile's best foreign film nominee A Fantastic Woman. 

Others presenting include Jodie Foster, Mark Hamill, Greta Gerwig, Helen Mirren, Tom Holland, Gal Gadot, Laura Dern and Zendaya. 

4. Women are being placed front and centre

Women are still under-represented amongst the Oscar nominees, but some important steps have been made. 

Rachel Morrison has become the first woman to ever (yes, ever) be nominated as best cinematographer. She's honoured for her work on Dee Rees' Mudbound, which starred Carey Mulligan and Mary J Blige. 

And then there's the fact that Greta Gerwig is the fifth woman to ever (yes, ever) be nominated in the best director category, for her debut Lady Bird. 

Several films in the best picture category are notable too for being centred around women, without romance being the main focus of the plot. That includes films like Lady Bird, a coming of age story set in early 2000s Sacramento, and Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri, about a grieving mother's fight for justice. 

5. Two contenders are older than the awards themselves 

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

The first Academy Awards were held on 16 May, 1929 - but two nominees for the 2018 Oscars were born the previous year.

James Ivory, nominated for best adapted screenplay for Call Me By Your Name, was born on 7 June, 1928 and Agnes Varda, nominated for best documentary for Faces Places, on 30 May, 1928. 

If either wins, they will also be the oldest-ever Oscar winners. 

It's worth noting, too, that best supporting actor nominee Christopher Plummer, given a nod for his role in All the Money in the World, is the oldest ever actor nominated for a competitive award. 

6. Time's Up is likely to have a presence on the red carpet 

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

At the time of writing, it's not expected that there will be a Golden Globes-style black out on the red carpet - with everyone wearing monochromatic outfits. 

But it's likely the massive political earthquake that has hit Hollywood in the past year will be represented not just on the red carpet but throughout the ceremony. 

Stars will potentially arrive holding white roses - as happened at the Grammys and Brit Awards.

Watch out, too, for celebrities bringing activists as their guests on the red carpet, rather than their significant other (or their mum). 

This is what happened at the Globes, with Emma Watson among those using their moment in the spotlight to make a stand against sexual harassment. 

7. Harvey Weinstein won't be there

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

It's been suggested that Harvey Weinstein is the most thanked man in Oscars history, with several best actor and actress winners through the years giving him a name check. His firm was also responsible for best picture winners like Shakespeare in Love and The King's Speech. 

And just as his presence has been very much felt in previous years, so will his absence this year, after the sexual abuse scandal that erupted at the end of 2017. (Weinstein has denied all accusations of non-consensual sex). 

Oscars host Jimmy Kimmel may - or may not - choose to address the issue in his opening monologue. If he does, he'd be following Globes host Seth Meyers who tackled what he called "the elephant not in the room" at the January ceremony. 

8. There's no clear front-runner

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

Which makes guessing who's going to win a little bit trickier. 

At the moment, it seems to be a two-horse race between The Shape of Water and Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri for the best picture title. But the experts' opinion on who's going to win seems to change every day. 

There are also murmurings that Get Out, starring British actor Daniel Kaluuya, is gathering momentum. Then again, some think Dunkirk could be the shock winner.

It's also notable that the nominated films have had the lowest grosses in six years. Some have suggested this represents a growing gap between what the movie-going public actually watches, and what wins the gongs. 

One last thing to mention: This year's ceremony is later than usual, due to the Winter Olympics. It's being held at Hollywood's Dolby Theatre on Sunday, 4 March, starting at 17:00 local time.

Εξαλλος ο Eλτον Τζον έφυγε

από  συναυλία του 

• 363 – Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death.
• 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern journey which he will later describe in his book Safarnama.
• 1279 – The Livonian Order is defeated in the Battle of Aizkraukle by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
• 1496 – King Henry VII of England issues letters patent to John Cabot and his sons, authorising them to explore unknown lands.
• 1616 – Nicolaus Copernicus's book On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres is added to the Index of Forbidden Books 73 years after it was first published.
• 1766 – Antonio de Ulloa, the first Spanish governor of Louisiana, arrives in New Orleans.
• 1770 – Boston Massacre: Five Americans, including Crispus Attucks, are fatally shot by British troops in an event that would contribute to the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War (also known as the American War of Independence) five years later.
• 1811 – Peninsular War: A French force under the command of Marshal Victor is routed while trying to prevent an Anglo-Spanish-Portuguese army from lifting the Siege of Cádiz in the Battle of Barrosa.
• 1824 – First Anglo-Burmese War: The British officially declare war on Burma.
• 1836 – Samuel Colt patents the first production-model revolver, the .34-caliber.
• 1850 – The Britannia Bridge across the Menai Strait between the island of Anglesey and the mainland of Wales is opened.
• 1860 – Parma, Tuscany, Modena and Romagna vote in referendums to join the Kingdom of Sardinia.
• 1868 – Mefistofele, an opera by Arrigo Boito receives its premiere performance at La Scala.
• 1872 – George Westinghouse patents the air brake.
• 1906 – Moro Rebellion: United States Army troops bring overwhelming force against the native Moros in the First Battle of Bud Dajo, leaving only six survivors.
• 1912 – Italo-Turkish War: Italian forces are the first to use airships for military purposes, employing them for reconnaissance behind Turkish lines.
• 1931 – The British Raj: Gandhi–Irwin Pact is signed.
• 1933 – Great Depression: President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a "bank holiday", closing all U.S. banks and freezing all financial transactions.
• 1933 – Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party receives 43.9% at the Reichstag elections, which allows the Nazis to later pass the Enabling Act and establish a dictatorship.
• 1936 – First flight of K5054, the first prototype Supermarine Spitfire advanced monoplane fighter aircraft in the United Kingdom.
• 1940 – Six high-ranking members of Soviet politburo, including Joseph Stalin, sign an order for the execution of 25,700 Polish intelligentsia, including 14,700 Polish POWs, in what will become known as the Katyn massacre.
• 1942 – World War II: Japanese forces captures Batavia, capital of Dutch East Indies, which left undefended after the withdrawal of KNIL garrison and Australian Blackforce battalion to Buitenzorg and Bandung.
• 1943 – First Flight of the Gloster Meteor, Britain's first combat jet aircraft.
• 1944 – World War II: The Red Army begins the Uman–Botoșani Offensive in the western Ukrainian SSR.
• 1946 – Cold War: Winston Churchill coins the phrase "Iron Curtain" in his speech at Westminster College, Missouri.
• 1953 – Joseph Stalin, the longest serving leader of the Soviet Union, dies at his Volynskoe dacha in Moscow after being hit by a cerebral hemorrhage.
• 1960 – Indonesian President Soekarno dismissed the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR), 1955 democratically elected parliament, and replaced with DPR-GR, the parliament of his own selected members.
• 1963 – American country music stars Patsy Cline, Hawkshaw Hawkins, Cowboy Copas and their pilot Randy Hughes are killed in a plane crash in Camden, Tennessee.
• 1965 – March Intifada: A Leftist uprising erupts in Bahrain against British colonial presence.
• 1970 – The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons goes into effect after ratification by 43 nations.
• 1974 – Yom Kippur War: Israeli forces withdraw from the west bank of the Suez Canal.
• 1978 – The Landsat 3 is launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.
• 1979 – Soviet probes Venera 11, Venera 12 and the German-American solar satellite Helios II all are hit by "off the scale" gamma rays leading to the discovery of soft gamma repeaters.
• 1981 – The ZX81, a pioneering British home computer, is launched by Sinclair Research and would go on to sell over 1.5 million units around the world.
• 1982 – Soviet probe Venera 14 lands on Venus.
• 2003 – In Haifa, 17 Israeli civilians are killed in the Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing.
• 2012 – Tropical Storm Irina kills over 75 as it passes through Madagascar.

Births[edit]

• 1133 – Henry II of England (d. 1189)
• 1224 – Saint Kinga of Poland (d. 1292)
• 1324 – David II of Scotland (d. 1371)
• 1326 – Louis I of Hungary (d. 1382)
• 1340 – Cansignorio della Scala, Lord of Verona (d. 1375)
• 1451 – William Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, English Earl (d. 1491)
• 1512 – Gerardus Mercator, Flemish mathematician, cartographer, and philosopher (d. 1594)
• 1523 – Rodrigo de Castro Osorio, Spanish cardinal (d. 1600)
• 1527 – Ulrich, Duke of Mecklenburg (d. 1603)
• 1539 – Christoph Pezel, German theologian (d. 1604)
• 1563 – John Coke, English civil servant and politician (d. 1644)
• 1575 – William Oughtred, English minister and mathematician (d. 1660)
• 1585 – John George I, Elector of Saxony (d. 1656)
• 1585 – Frederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (d. 1638)
• 1637 – Jan van der Heyden, Dutch painter and engineer (d. 1712)
• 1658 – Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, French explorer and politician, 3rd Colonial Governor of Louisiana (d. 1730)
• 1693 – Johann Jakob Wettstein, Swiss theologian and scholar (d. 1754)
• 1696 – Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Italian painter (d. 1770)
• 1703 – Vasily Trediakovsky, Russian poet and playwright (d. 1768)
• 1713 – Edward Cornwallis, English general and politician, Governor of Gibraltar (d. 1776)
• 1713 – Frederick Cornwallis, English archbishop (d. 1783)
• 1723 – Princess Mary of Great Britain (d. 1773)
• 1733 – Vincenzo Galeotti, Italian-Danish dancer and choreographer (d. 1816)
• 1739 – Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge, American colonel and physician (d. 1819)
• 1748 – Jonas Carlsson Dryander, Swedish botanist and biologist (d. 1810)
• 1748 – William Shield, English violinist and composer (d. 1829)
• 1750 – Jean-Baptiste-Gaspard d'Ansse de Villoison, French scholar and academic (d. 1805)
• 1751 – Jan Křtitel Kuchař, Czech organist, composer, and educator (d. 1829)
• 1774 – Christoph Ernst Friedrich Weyse, Danish organist and composer (d. 1842)
• 1779 – Benjamin Gompertz, English mathematician and statistician (d. 1865)
• 1785 – Carlo Odescalchi, Italian cardinal (d. 1841)
• 1794 – Jacques Babinet, French physicist, mathematician, and astronomer (d. 1872)
• 1794 – Robert Cooper Grier, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1870)
• 1814 – Wilhelm von Giesebrecht, German historian and academic (d. 1889)
• 1800 – Georg Friedrich Daumer, German poet and philosopher (d. 1875)
• 1815 – John Wentworth, American journalist and politician, 19th Mayor of Chicago (d. 1888)
• 1817 – Austen Henry Layard, English archaeologist, academic, and politician, Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (d. 1894)
• 1830 – Étienne-Jules Marey, French physiologist and chronophotographer (d. 1904)
• 1830 – Charles Wyville Thomson, Scottish historian and zoologist (d. 1882)
• 1834 – Félix de Blochausen, Luxembourgian politician, 6th Prime Minister of Luxembourg (d. 1915)
• 1834 – Marietta Piccolomini, Italian soprano (d. 1899)
• 1853 – Howard Pyle, American author and illustrator (d. 1911)
• 1862 – Siegbert Tarrasch, German chess player and theoretician (d. 1934)
• 1867 – Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, Canadian lawyer and politician, 14th Premier of Quebec (d. 1952)
• 1869 – Michael von Faulhaber, German cardinal (d. 1952)
• 1870 – Frank Norris, American journalist and author (d. 1902)
• 1870 – Evgeny Paton, French-Ukrainian engineer (d. 1953)
• 1871 – Rosa Luxemburg, Polish-Russian economist and philosopher (d. 1919)
• 1871 – Konstantinos Pallis, Greek general and politician, Minister Governor-General of Macedonia (d. 1941)
• 1873 – Olav Bjaaland, Norwegian skier and explorer (d. 1961)
• 1874 – Henry Travers, English-American actor (d. 1965)
• 1876 – Thomas Inskip, 1st Viscount Caldecote, English lawyer and politician, 8th Lord Chief Justice of England (d. 1947)
• 1876 – Elisabeth Moore, American tennis player (d. 1959)
• 1879 – William Beveridge, Bangladeshi-English economist and academic (d. 1963)
• 1879 – Andres Larka, Estonian general and politician, 1st Estonian Minister of War (d. 1943)
• 1880 – Sergei Natanovich Bernstein, Russian mathematician and academic (d. 1968)
• 1882 – Dora Marsden, English author and activist (d. 1960)
• 1883 – Marius Barbeau, Canadian ethnographer and academic (d. 1969)
• 1886 – Dong Biwu, Chinese judge and politician, Chairman of the People's Republic of China (d. 1975)
• 1886 – Freddie Welsh, Welsh boxer (d. 1927)
• 1887 – Heitor Villa-Lobos, Brazilian guitarist and composer (d. 1959)
• 1894 – Henry Daniell, English-American actor (d. 1963)
• 1898 – Zhou Enlai, Chinese politician, 1st Premier of the People's Republic of China (d. 1976)
• 1898 – Misao Okawa, Japanese super-centenarian (d. 2015)
• 1900 – Lilli Jahn, Jewish German doctor (d. 1944) ^[1]
• 1900 – Johanna Langefeld, German guard and supervisor of three Nazi concentration camps (d. 1974)
• 1901 – Friedrich Günther, Prince of Schwarzburg (d. 1971)
• 1901 – Julian Przyboś, Polish poet, essayist and translator (d. 1970)
• 1904 – Karl Rahner, German priest and theologian (d. 1984)
• 1905 – László Benedek, Hungarian-American director and cinematographer (d. 1992)
• 1908 – Fritz Fischer, German historian and author (d. 1999)
• 1908 – Irving Fiske, American author and playwright (d. 1990)
• 1908 – Rex Harrison, English actor (d. 1990)
• 1910 – Momofuku Ando, Taiwanese-Japanese businessman, founded Nissin Foods (d. 2007)
• 1910 – Ennio Flaiano, Italian author, screenwriter, and critic (d. 1972)
• 1912 – Jack Marshall, New Zealand colonel, lawyer, and politician, 28th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1988)
• 1915 – Henry Hicks, Canadian academic and politician, 16th Premier of Nova Scotia (d. 1990)
• 1915 – Laurent Schwartz, French mathematician and academic (d. 2002)
• 1918 – Milt Schmidt, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (d. 2017)
• 1918 – Red Storey, Canadian football player, referee, and sportscaster (d. 2006)
• 1918 – James Tobin, American economist and academic (d. 2002)
• 1920 – José Aboulker, Algerian surgeon and activist (d. 2009)
• 1920 – Virginia Christine, American actress (d. 1996)
• 1920 – Wang Zengqi, Chinese writer (d. 1997)
• 1921 – Elmer Valo, American baseball player and coach (d. 1998)
• 1922 – James Noble, American actor (d. 2016)
• 1922 – Pier Paolo Pasolini, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1975)
• 1923 – Juan A. Rivero, Puerto Rican biologist and academic (d. 2014)
• 1923 – Laurence Tisch, American businessman, co-founded the Loews Corporation (d. 2003)
• 1924 – Roger Marche, French footballer (d. 1997)
• 1927 – Jack Cassidy, American actor and singer (d. 1976)
• 1927 – Robert Lindsay, 29th Earl of Crawford, Scottish businessman and politician
• 1928 – J. Hillis Miller, American academic and critic
• 1929 – Erik Carlsson, Swedish race car driver (d. 2015)
• 1929 – J. B. Lenoir, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1967)
• 1930 – John Ashley, Canadian ice hockey player and referee (d. 2008)
• 1930 – Del Crandall, American baseball player and manager
• 1931 – Fred, French author and illustrator (d. 2013)
• 1931 – Barry Tuckwell, Australian horn player and educator
• 1933 – Walter Kasper, German cardinal and theologian
• 1934 – Daniel Kahneman, Israeli-American economist and psychologist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1935 – Letizia Battaglia, Italian photographer and journalist
• 1935 – Philip K. Chapman, Australian-American astronaut and engineer
• 1935 – Paul Sand, American actor
• 1936 – Canaan Banana, Zimbabwean minister and politician, 1st President of Zimbabwe (d. 2003)
• 1936 – Dale Douglass, American golfer
• 1936 – Dean Stockwell, American actor
• 1937 – Olusegun Obasanjo, Nigerian general and politician, 5th President of Nigeria
• 1938 – Paul Evans, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1938 – Lynn Margulis, American biologist and academic (d. 2011)
• 1938 – Fred Williamson, American football player, actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1939 – Samantha Eggar, English actress
• 1939 – Benyamin Sueb, Indonesian actor and comedian (d. 1995)
• 1939 – Peter Woodcock, Canadian serial killer (d. 2010)
• 1939 – Pierre Wynants, Belgian chef
• 1940 – Tom Butler, English bishop
• 1940 – Ken Irvine, Australian rugby league player (d. 1990)
• 1940 – Graham McRae, New Zealand race car driver
• 1940 – Sepp Piontek, German footballer and manager
• 1941 – Des Wilson, New Zealand-English businessman and activist
• 1942 – Felipe González, Spanish lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of Spain
• 1942 – David Watkins, Welsh rugby player
• 1943 – Lucio Battisti, Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1998)
• 1944 – Peter Brandes, Danish painter and sculptor
• 1944 – Roy Gutman, American journalist and author
• 1946 – Richard Bell, Canadian pianist (d. 2007)
• 1946 – Guerrino Boatto, Italian illustrator and painter
• 1946 – Graham Hawkins, English footballer and manager
• 1946 – Murray Head, English actor and singer
• 1947 – Clodagh Rodgers, Northern Irish singer and actress
• 1947 – Kent Tekulve, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1948 – Paquirri, Spanish bullfighter (d. 1984)
• 1948 – Eddy Grant, Guyanese-British singer-songwriter and musician
• 1948 – Richard Hickox, English conductor and scholar (d. 2008)
• 1948 – Elaine Paige, English singer and actress
• 1948 – Jan van Beveren, Dutch footballer and coach
• 1949 – Bernard Arnault, French businessman, philanthropist, and art collector
• 1949 – Franz Josef Jung, German lawyer and politician, German Federal Minister of Defence
• 1949 – Tom Russell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1951 – Rodney Hogg, Australian cricketer and coach
• 1951 – Willis Alan Ramsey, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1952 – Petar Borota, Serbian footballer and coach (d. 2010)
• 1952 – Alan Clark, English keyboard player
• 1952 – Mike Squires, American baseball player and scout
• 1953 – Katarina Frostenson, Swedish poet and author
• 1953 – Michael J. Sandel, American philosopher and academic
• 1953 – Tokyo Sexwale, South African businessman and politician, 1st Premier of Gauteng
• 1954 – Marsha Warfield, American actress
• 1955 – Penn Jillette, American magician, actor, and author
• 1956 – Teena Marie, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2010)
• 1956 – Christopher Snowden, English engineer and academic
• 1957 – Mark E. Smith, English singer, songwriter and musician (d. 2018)
• 1957 – Ray Suarez, American journalist and author
• 1958 – Volodymyr Bezsonov, Ukrainian footballer and manager
• 1958 – Bob Forward, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1958 – Andy Gibb, English-Australian singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1988)
• 1959 – Vazgen Sargsyan, Armenian colonel and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Armenia (d. 1999)
• 1960 – Paul Drayson, Baron Drayson, English businessman and politician, Minister for Defence Equipment, Support and Technology
• 1963 – Joel Osteen, American pastor, author, and television host
• 1964 – Bertrand Cantat, French singer-songwriter
• 1964 – Gerald Vanenburg, Dutch footballer and manager
• 1965 – José Semedo, Portuguese footballer and coach
• 1966 – Oh Eun-sun, South Korean mountaineer
• 1966 – Bob Halkidis, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1966 – Michael Irvin, American football player, sportscaster, and actor
• 1966 – Aasif Mandvi, Indian-American actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1966 – Zachery Stevens - American singer-songwriter known for Savatage and Circle II Circle
• 1968 – Gordon Bajnai, Hungarian businessman and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Hungary
• 1968 – Theresa Villiers, English lawyer and politician, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
• 1969 – Paul Blackthorne, English actor and producer
• 1969 – Danny King, English author and playwright
• 1969 – Moussa Saïb, Algerian footballer and manager
• 1969 – M.C. Solaar, Afro-French rapper
• 1970 – Mike Brown, American basketball player and coach
• 1970 – John Frusciante, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1970 – Yuu Watase, Japanese illustrator
• 1971 – Greg Berry, English footballer and coach
• 1971 – Jeffrey Hammonds, American baseball player and scout
• 1971 – Yuri Lowenthal, American voice actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1971 – Filip Meirhaeghe, Belgian cyclist
• 1973 – Yannis Anastasiou, Greek footballer and manager
• 1973 – Nelly Arcan, Canadian author (d. 2009)
• 1973 – Juan Esnáider, Argentinian footballer and manager
• 1973 – Ryan Franklin, American baseball player
• 1973 – Nicole Pratt, Australian tennis player, coach, and sportscaster
• 1973 – Špela Pretnar, Slovenian skier
• 1974 – Kevin Connolly, American actor and director
• 1974 – Jens Jeremies, German footballer
• 1974 – Eva Mendes, American model and actress
• 1975 – Luciano Burti, Brazilian race car driver and sportscaster
• 1975 – Sasho Petrovski, Australian footballer
• 1975 – Chris Silverwood, English cricketer and coach
• 1976 – Neil Jackson, English actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1976 – Šarūnas Jasikevičius, Lithuanian basketball player and coach
• 1976 – Paul Konerko, American baseball player
• 1976 – Norm Maxwell, New Zealand rugby player
• 1977 – Taismary Agüero, Cuban-Italian volleyball player
• 1977 – Bryan Berard, American ice hockey player
• 1977 – Mike MacDougal, American baseball player
• 1977 – Wally Szczerbiak, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1978 – Jared Crouch, Australian footballer
• 1978 – Mike Hessman, American baseball player and coach
• 1978 – Kimberly McCullough, American actress, singer, and dancer
• 1978 – Carlos Ochoa, Mexican footballer
• 1979 – Martin Axenrot, Swedish drummer
• 1979 – Lee Mears, English rugby player
• 1980 – Shay Carl, American businessman, co-founded Maker Studios
• 1981 – Barret Jackman, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1981 – Paul Martin, American ice hockey player
• 1982 – Dan Carter, New Zealand rugby player
• 1982 – Philipp Haastrup, German footballer
• 1983 – Édgar Dueñas, Mexican footballer
• 1984 – Branko Cvetković, Serbian basketball player
• 1984 – Guillaume Hoarau, French footballer
• 1985 – David Marshall, Scottish footballer
• 1985 – Brad Mills, American baseball player
• 1985 – Kenichi Matsuyama, Japanese actor
• 1986 – Alexandre Barthe, French footballer
• 1986 – Matty Fryatt, English footballer
• 1987 – Anna Chakvetadze, Russian tennis player
• 1987 – Chris Cohen, English footballer
• 1988 – Liassine Cadamuro-Bentaïba, Algerian footballer
• 1990 – Danny Drinkwater, English footballer
• 1990 – Alex Smithies, English footballer
• 1991 – Ramiro Funes Mori, Argentinian footballer
• 1991 – Daniil Trifonov, Russian pianist and composer
• 1993 – El-Hadji Ba, French footballer
• 1993 – Joshua Coyne, American violinist and composer
• 1993 – Harry Maguire, English footballer
• 1994 – Daria Gavrilova, Russian tennis player
• 1994 – Kyle Schwarber, American baseball player
• 1996 – Taylor Hill (model), American model

Deaths[edit]

• 254 – Pope Lucius I (b. 200)
• 824 – Suppo I, Frankish nobleman
• 1239 – Hermann Balk, German knight
• 1410 – Matthew of Kraków, Polish reformer (b. 1335)
• 1417 – Manuel III Megas Komnenos, Emperor of Trebizond (b. 1364)
• 1534 – Antonio da Correggio, Italian painter and educator (b. 1489)
• 1539 – Nuno da Cunha, Portuguese admiral and politician, Governor of Portuguese India (b. 1487)
• 1611 – Shimazu Yoshihisa, Japanese daimyo (b. 1533)
• 1622 – Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma (b. 1569)
• 1695 – Henry Wharton, English writer and librarian (b. 1664)
• 1726 – Evelyn Pierrepont, 1st Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull, English politician, Lord President of the Council (b. 1655)
• 1770 – Crispus Attucks, American slave (b. 1723)
• 1778 – Thomas Arne, English composer and educator (b. 1710)
• 1815 – Franz Mesmer, German physician and astrologist (b. 1734)
• 1827 – Pierre-Simon Laplace, French mathematician and astronomer (b. 1749)
• 1827 – Alessandro Volta, Italian physicist and academic (b. 1745)
• 1829 – John Adams, English sailor and mutineer (b. 1766)
• 1849 – David Scott, Scottish historical painter (b. 1806)
• 1876 – Marie d'Agoult, German-French historian and author (b. 1805)
• 1893 – Hippolyte Taine, French historian and critic (b. 1828)
• 1895 – Nikolai Leskov, Russian author, playwright, and journalist (b. 1831)
• 1895 – Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet, English general and scholar (b. 1810)
• 1907 – Friedrich Blass, German philologist, scholar, and academic (b. 1843)
• 1925 – Johan Jensen, Danish mathematician and engineer (b. 1859)
• 1927 – Franz Mertens, Polish-Austrian mathematician and academic (b. 1840)
• 1929 – David Dunbar Buick, Scottish-American businessman, founded Buick (b. 1854)
• 1934 – Reşit Galip, Turkish academic and politician, 6th Turkish Minister of National Education (b. 1893)
• 1935 – Roque Ruaño, Spanish priest and engineer (b. 1877)
• 1940 – Cai Yuanpei, Chinese philosopher and academic (b. 1868)
• 1944 – Max Jacob, French poet and author (b. 1876)
• 1945 – Lena Baker, African American maid and murderer (b. 1900)
• 1947 – Alfredo Casella, Italian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1883)
• 1950 – Edgar Lee Masters, American poet, author, and playwright (b. 1868)
• 1950 – Roman Shukhevych, Ukrainian general and politician (b. 1907)
• 1953 – Herman J. Mankiewicz, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1897)
• 1953 – Sergei Prokofiev, Russian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1891)
• 1953 – Joseph Stalin, Soviet dictator and politician of Georgian descent, 2nd leader of the Soviet Union (b. 1878)
• 1955 – Antanas Merkys, Lithuanian lawyer and politician, 14th Prime Minister of Lithuania (b. 1888)
• 1963 – Patsy Cline, American singer-songwriter (b. 1932)
• 1963 – Cowboy Copas, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1913)
• 1963 – Hawkshaw Hawkins, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1921)
• 1965 – Chen Cheng, Chinese general and politician, 27th Premier of the Republic of China (b. 1897)
• 1965 – Pepper Martin, American baseball player and manager (b. 1904)
• 1966 – Anna Akhmatova, Ukrainian-Russian poet, author, and translator (b. 1889)
• 1967 – Mischa Auer, Russian-American actor (b. 1905)
• 1967 – Mohammad Mosaddegh, Iranian political scientist and politician, 60th Prime Minister of Iran (b. 1882)
• 1967 – Georges Vanier, Canadian general and politician, 19th Governor General of Canada (b. 1888)
• 1971 – Allan Nevins, American journalist and author (b. 1890)
• 1973 – Robert C. O'Brien, American journalist and author (b. 1918)
• 1974 – John Samuel Bourque, Canadian colonel and politician (b. 1894)
• 1974 – Billy De Wolfe, American actor (b. 1907)
• 1974 – Sol Hurok, Ukrainian-American businessman (b. 1888)
• 1976 – Otto Tief, Estonian lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of Estonia (b. 1889)
• 1977 – Tom Pryce, Welsh race car driver (b. 1949)
• 1980 – Jay Silverheels, Canadian-American actor (b. 1912)
• 1981 – Yip Harburg, American songwriter and composer (b. 1896)
• 1982 – John Belushi, American actor (b. 1949)
• 1984 – Pierre Cochereau, French organist and composer (b. 1924)
• 1984 – Tito Gobbi, Italian operatic baritone (b. 1913)
• 1984 – William Powell, American actor (b. 1892)
• 1988 – Alberto Olmedo, Argentine comedian and actor (b. 1933)
• 1990 – Gary Merrill, American actor and director (b. 1915)
• 1995 – Vivian Stanshall, English singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1943)
• 1996 – Whit Bissell, American character actor (b. 1909)
• 1997 – Samm Sinclair Baker, American writer (b. 1909)
• 1997 – Jean Dréville, French director and screenwriter (b. 1906)
• 1999 – Richard Kiley, American actor and singer (b. 1922)
• 2000 – Lolo Ferrari, French dancer, actress and singer (b. 1963)
• 2005 – David Sheppard, English cricketer and bishop (b. 1929)
• 2008 – Joseph Weizenbaum, German computer scientist and author (b. 1923)
• 2010 – Charles B. Pierce, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1938)
• 2010 – Richard Stapley, British actor and writer (b. 1923)
• 2011 – Manolis Rasoulis, Greek singer-songwriter (b. 1945)
• 2012 – Paul Haines, New Zealand-Australian author (b. 1970)
• 2012 – Philip Madoc, Welsh-English actor (b. 1934)
• 2012 – Robert B. Sherman, American songwriter and screenwriter (b. 1925)
• 2012 – William O. Wooldridge, American sergeant (b. 1922)
• 2013 – Paul Bearer, American wrestler and manager (b. 1954)
• 2013 – Hugo Chávez, Venezuelan colonel and politician, President of Venezuela (b. 1954)
• 2013 – Duane Gish, American biochemist and academic (b. 1921)
• 2014 – Geoff Edwards, American actor and game show host (b. 1931)
• 2014 – Ailsa McKay, Scottish economist and academic (b. 1963)
• 2014 – Leopoldo María Panero, Spanish poet and translator (b. 1948)
• 2015 – Vlada Divljan, Serbian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1958)
• 2015 – Edward Egan, American cardinal (b. 1932)
• 2016 – Hassan Al-Turabi, Sudanese activist and politician (b. 1932)
• 2016 – Ray Tomlinson, American computer programmer and engineer (b. 1941)
• 2016 – Al Wistert, American football player and coach (b. 1920)
• 2017 – Kurt Moll, German opera singer (b. 1938)

Οσκαρ 2018: Η πρώτη παρουσία στο κόκκινο χαλί έχει ελληνικό άρωμα -Η Μαρία Μενούνος με Celia Kritharioti 

Με μια εντυπωσιακή μαύρη, στράπλες τουαλέτα με την

 υπογραφή της Celia Kritharioti, περπάτησε στο κόκκινο χαλί

 των Οσκαρ η Μαρία Μενούνος.

Η Ελληνίδα παρουσιάστρια επέλεξε πιθανότατα για τη μεγάλη βραδιά να φορέσει 

το μαύρο χρώμα, όπως πολλοί σταρς έκαναν σε προηγούμενες τελετές για να 

διαμαρτυρηθούν κατά της σεξουαλικής παρενόχλησης και των διακρίσεων στο

 χώρο εργασίας. Τα κοσμήματα ήταν δια χειρός Anabela Chan και το clutch 

της Deborah Sawaf.

Εντυπωσιακό ήταν και το χτένισμά της το οποίο επιμελήθηκε ο Δημήτρης 

Γιαννέτος. Στην πίσω πλευρά, ο hairstylist έκανε πλεξούδες με μαύρη κορδέλα,

 οι οποίες κατέληξαν σε έναν σικ κότσο. 

90η απονομή των Οσκαρ -«Η Μορφή του Νερού», ο Γκάρι Ολντμαν και η Φράνσις Μακντόρμαντ οι μεγάλοι νικητές 

Η μεγάλη, 90η απονομή των Οσκαρ, ολοκληρώθηκε νωρίς το 

πρωί, με τα φαβορί να κερδίζουν στις περισσότερες κατηγορίες. 

Νικητής της βραδιάς η ταινία «Η Μορφή του Νερού», η οποία απέσπασε συνολικά 

τρία βραβεία με το σημαντικότερο αυτό της Καλύτερης Ταινίας. Απέσπασε ακόμη 

τα Οσκαρ σκηνικών και πρωτότυπης μουσικής.

Η Δουνκέρκη, όπως όλοι περίμεναν, κέρδισε στις τεχνικές κατηγορίες (εφέ κλπ).

Το Οσκαρ Α'Ανδρικού Ρόλου πήγε Γκάρι Ολνταμν για την ταινία «Η πιο σκοτεινή 

ώρα» και το Οσκαρ Α'Γυναικείου Ρολου στην Φράνσις Μακντόρμαντ για τις

 « Τρεις Πινακίδες Έξω από το Έμπινγκ, στο Μιζούρι».

Πάντως, πέρα από τα φαβορί υπήρξαν  και οι εξαιρέσεις. Οπως για παράδειγμα, η 

νίκη του  Icarus στην κατηγορία Καλύτερου Ντοκιμαντέρ και της ταινίας 

The Silent Child στην κατηγορία Καλύτερη Ταινία Μικρού Μήκους.Πραγματική 

έκπληξη και το Οσκαρ πρωτότυπου τραγουδιού, το οποίο πηγαίνει στο Remember

 Me της ταινίας Coco. 

Δείτε πώς κατέγραψε live το iefimerida  τη μεγάλη, φετινή απονομή

06:45 Οσκαρ καλύτερης ταινίας στη «Μορφή του Νερού» !

06:34 Οσκαρ Α'Γυναικείου Ρόλου στην Φράνσις Μακντόρμαντ για τις 

« Τρεις Πινακίδες Έξω από το Έμπινγκ, στο Μιζούρι».

06:24 Οσκαρ Α΄Ανδρικού Ρόλου στον Γκάρι Ολνταμν για την ταινία

«Η πιο σκοτεινή ώρα». 

06:13 Ηρθε η ώρα για ένα Μεγάλο Βραβείο, Οσκαρ σκηνοθεσίας 

Τελικά δεν έγινε η ανατροπή δεν το κέρδισε η Γκρέτα Γκέργουικ αλλά το απόλυτο 

φαβορί, ο Γκιγιέρμο ντελ Τόρο για την ταινία «Η Μορφή του Νερού».

05:56 Οσκαρ πρωτότυπου τραγουδιού

Πραγματική έκπληξη. Το βραβείο πηγαίνει στο Remember Me της ταινίας Coco. 

05:53 Οσκαρ πρωτότυπης Μουσικής 

Στον Αλεξάντερ Ντεσπλά για τη μουσική επένδυση στην ταινία «Η μορφή του Νερού».

• 05:49 Οσκαρ Καλύτερης Φωτογραφίας 

Μετά από 14 υποψηφιότητες ο Ρότζερ Ντίκενς κερδίζει το Οσκαρ Φωτογραφίας για 

το Blade Runner 2049.

• 05:35 Οσκαρ Πρωτότυπου Σεναρίου

Ανατροπή! Το Οσκαρ πρωτότυπου σεναρίου στον Τζόρνταν Πιλ για το «Τρέξε». 

Η πρώτη μεγάλη έκπληξη! 

• 05:32 Οσκαρ καλύτερου Διασκευασμένου Σεναρίου

Η πιο ωραία στιγμή μέχρι στιγμής. Το Οσκαρ Καλύτερου Διασκευασμένου 

Σεναρίου στον Τζέιμς Άιβορι για το «Να Με Φωνάζεις με τ'Όνομά σου». 

Ο μεγαλύτερος ηλικιακά νικητής βραβείου Οσκαρ. Μόλις έσπασε ένα ρεκόρ. 

• 05:12 Καλύτερη ταινία Μικρού Μήκους

Η πρώτη έκπληξη της βραδιάς, η πρώτη ανατροπή. Η ταινία The Silent Child 

κερδίζει το Οσκαρ, ανατρέποντας τα φαβορί. 

• 05:10 Οσκαρ Ντοκιμαντέρ Μικρού Μήκους 

Στην ταινία Heaven is a Traffic Janm on the 405.

• 05:07 Ο Τζίμι Κίμελ εισέβαλε σε (διπλανό) σινεμά. Παροξυσμός στο
•  κοινό! Μια από τις εκπλήξεις της βραδιάς. Και δεν είναι μόνος!
• Μαζί του μεγάλοι αστέρες του κινηματογράφου που μεταφέρουν... 
• φαγώσιμα! Παροξυσμός στο έκπληκτο κοινό. 
• 04:57 Δύο Οσκαρ μέχρι στιγμής για την Δουνκέρκη, το πολεμικό φιλμ
•  που εντυπωσίασε στις αίθουσες. 
• 04:56 Οσκαρ Μοντάζ 

Και το Οσκαρ πηγαίνει και πάλι στο φαβορί, στην Δουνκέρκη! 

• 04:48 Οσκαρ οπτικών εφέ 

Το Οσκαρ πηγαίνει στο... Blade Runner 2049!

• 04:40 Οσκαρ Κινουμένων Σχεδίων 

Στην ταινία Coco! 

• 04:38 Οσκαρ Ταινίας Μικρού Μήκους Κινουμένων Σχεδίων

Ηρθε η ώρα ο Κόμπι Μπράιαντ να πάρει και το Οσκαρ του! Η ταιία «Dear Basketball»

 έφυγε με το Χρυσό Αγαλματίδιο! 

• H «θεά» Τζένιφερ Λόρενς 

Η Τζένιφερ Λόρενς φέτος (μέχρι στιγμής) δεν έπεσε, αλλά δεν κόλλησε

 να πηδήξει πάνω από καρέκλες...

  

• 04:26 Οσκαρ Β'Γυναικείου Ρόλου

Στην Άλισον Τζάνεϊ, για το «Εγώ, η Τόνια»

• 04:23 Οσκαρ καλύτερης Ξενόγλωσσης Ταινίας 

Το Οσκαρ πάει στην ταινία «Μια φανταστική γυναίκα» (Χιλή).

• Ελεν Μίρεν σε... τηλεμάρκετινγκ

• 04:10 Οσκαρ καλύτερων σκηνικών 

Και το Οσκαρ πάει στο φαβορί και πάλι, στη «Μορφή του Νερού».

• 04:04 Καμία έκπληξη μέχρι στιγμής, τα Οσκαρ πηγαίνουν στα φαβορί!

• 03:59 Οσκαρ Μίξης Ηχου 

Στην ταινία Δουνκέρκη.

• 03:28 Οσκαρ καλύτερου Ντοκιμαντέρ 

Και το Οσκαρ καλύτερου Ντοκιμαντέρ πηγαίνει στην ταινία Icarus, με θέμα το ντόπινγκ. 

• 03:31 Οσκαρ Κοστουμιών 

Και το Οσκαρ πάει στους υπευθύνους Κοστουμιών της ταινίας «Η Αόρατη

 Κλωστή».

• 03:25 Οσκαρ Μακιγιάζ και Μαλλιών

Και το Οσκαρ πάει στους υπευθύνους μακιγιάζ και μαλλιών της ταινίας «Η Πιο 

Σκοτεινή Ωρα». Να σημειωθεί ότι ένας από τους νικητές αυτής της κατηγορίας 

ευχαρίστησε τις... γάτες του!

03:15 Το πρώτο σημαντικό Οσκαρ, Οσκαρ Β΄ Ανδρικού Ρόλου

Το πρώτο σημαντικό βραβείο της βραδιάς πάει στο μεγάλο φαβορί: Στον Σαμ 

Ρόκγουελ, για την ταινία «Τρεις πινακίδες έξω από το Έμπινγκ στο Μιζούρι».

• 03:10 Ενα τζετ σκι στη... σκηνή

Η Ελεν Μίρεν παρουσιάζει ένα τζετ σκι στη σκηνή του Dolby Theater.

• 03:00 Το πρώτο αστείο του Τζίμι Κίμελ 

Οπως αναμενόταν ο Τζίμι Κίμελ ξεκίνησε να αστειεύεται, καλύτερα να...

 αυτοσαρκάζεται, από τη σκηνή του Dolby Theater, με τι άλλο; Με τη γκάφα όλων 

των εποχών, με το λάθος βραβείο που δόθηκε και διορθώθηκε ύστερα από μερικά 

λεπτά. «Αυτή τη χρονιά, όταν ακούτε το όνομά σας, μην σηκώνεστε αμέσως. Δώστε 

μας μερικά λεπτά, δεν θέλουμε να την ξανα-πατήσουμε». 

Οσκαρ Μουσικής στον  Αλεξάντρ Ντεσπλά -Το αφιέρωσε στην Ελληνίδα μητέρα του