Ανάκτορο Δαφέρμου: Στο «σφυρί»

 το ακριβότερο σπίτι της Αθήνας

ΛΑΙΖΑ ΜΙΝΝΕΛΛΙ ΣΤΟ ΜΕΓΑΡΟ ΜΟΥΣΙΚΗΣ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗΣ

Events[edit]

• 394 – Battle of the Frigidus: Roman Emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills Eugenius the usurper. His Frankish magister militum Arbogast escapes but commits suicide two days later.
• 1492 – Christopher Columbus sails from La Gomera in the Canary Islands, his final port of call before crossing the Atlantic Ocean for the first time.
• 1522 – The Victoria returns to Sanlúcar de Barrameda in Spain, the only surviving ship of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition and the first ship to circumnavigate the world.
• 1620 – The Pilgrims sail from Plymouth, England on the Mayflower to settle in North America. (Old Style date; September 16 per New Style date.)
• 1628 – Puritans settle Salem which became part of Massachusetts Bay Colony.
• 1634 – Thirty Years' War: In the Battle of Nördlingen, the Catholic Imperial army defeats Swedish and German Protestant forces.
• 1642 – England's Long Parliament suppresses all stage plays in theatres.
• 1781 – The Battle of Groton Heights takes place, resulting in a British victory.
• 1803 – British scientist John Dalton begins using symbols to represent the atoms of different elements.
• 1847 – Henry David Thoreau leaves Walden Pond and moves in with Ralph Waldo Emerson and his family in Concord, Massachusetts.
• 1861 – American Civil War: Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant bloodlessly capture Paducah, Kentucky, giving the Union control of the Tennessee River's mouth.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Confederate forces evacuate Battery Wagner and Morris Island in South Carolina.
• 1870 – Louisa Ann Swain of Laramie, Wyoming becomes the first woman in the United States to cast a vote legally after 1807.
• 1885 – Eastern Rumelia declares its union with Bulgaria, thus accomplishing Bulgarian unification.
• 1901 – Leon Czolgosz, an unemployed anarchist, shoots and fatally wounds US President William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York.
• 1916 – The first self-service grocery store Piggly Wiggly was opened in Memphis, Tennessee by Clarence Saunders.
• 1930 – Democratically elected Argentine president Hipólito Yrigoyen is deposed in a military coup.
• 1939 – World War II: Britain suffers its first fighter pilot casualty of the Second World War at the Battle of Barking Creek as a result of friendly fire.
• 1939 – World War II: South Africa declares war on Nazi Germany.
• 1940 – King Carol II of Romania abdicates and is succeeded by his son Michael.
• 1943 – The Monterrey Institute of Technology is founded in Monterrey, Mexico as one of the largest and most influential private universities in Latin America.
• 1943 – Pennsylvania Railroad's premier train derails at Frankford Junction in Philadelphia, killing 79 people and injuring 117 others.
• 1944 – World War II: The city of Ypres, Belgium is liberated by Allied forces.
• 1944 – World War II: Soviet forces capture the city of Tartu, Estonia.
• 1946 – United States Secretary of State James F. Byrnes announces that the U.S. will follow a policy of economic reconstruction in postwar Germany.
• 1949 – Allied military authorities relinquish control of former Nazi Germany assets back to German control.
• 1952 – A prototype aircraft crashes at the Farnborough Airshow in Hampshire, England, killing 29 spectators and the two on board.
• 1955 – Istanbul's Greek, Jewish, and Armenian minorities are the target of a government-sponsored pogrom; dozens are killed in ensuing riots.
• 1962 – The United States government begins the Exercise Spade Fork nuclear readiness drill.
• 1962 – Archaeologist Peter Marsden discovers the first of the Blackfriars Ships dating back to the 2nd century AD in the Blackfriars area of the banks of the River Thames in London.
• 1965 – India retaliates following Pakistan's Operation Grand Slam which results in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 that ends in a stalemate and follows the signing of the Tashkent Declaration.
• 1966 – Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd, the architect of apartheid, is stabbed to death in Cape Town, South Africa during a parliamentary meeting.
• 1968 – Swaziland becomes independent.
• 1970 – Two passenger jets bound from Europe to New York are simultaneously hijacked by Palestinian terrorist members of the PFLP and taken to Dawson's Field, Jordan.
• 1972 – Munich massacre: Nine Israeli athletes die (along with a German policeman) at the hands of the Palestinian "Black September" terrorist group after being taken hostage at the Munich Olympic Games. Two other Israeli athletes were slain in the initial attack the previous day.
• 1976 – Cold War: Soviet Air Defence Forces pilot Viktor Belenko lands a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 jet fighter at Hakodate in Japan and requests political asylum in the United States; his request is granted.
• 1983 – The Soviet Union admits to shooting down Korean Air Lines Flight 007, stating that its operatives did not know that it was a civilian aircraft when it reportedly violated Soviet airspace.
• 1986 – In Istanbul, two terrorists from Abu Nidal's organization kill 22 and wound six congregants inside the Neve Shalom Synagogue during Shabbat services.
• 1991 – The Soviet Union recognizes the independence of the Baltic states Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
• 1991 – The name Saint Petersburg is restored to Russia's second largest city, which had been known as Leningrad since 1924.
• 1995 – Cal Ripken, Jr. of the Baltimore Orioles plays in his 2,131st consecutive game, breaking a record that had stood for 56 years.
• 1997 – The Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales takes place in London. Well over a million people lined the streets and 2.5 billion watched around the world on television.
• 2007 – Israel executes the air strike Operation Orchard to destroy a nuclear reactor in Syria.
• 2009 – The ro-ro ferry SuperFerry 9 sinks off the Zamboanga Peninsula in the Philippines with 971 persons aboard; all but ten are rescued.
• 2012 – Sixty-one people die after a fishing boat capsizes off the İzmir Province coast of Turkey, near the Greek Aegean islands.

Births[edit]

• 1475 – Artus Gouffier, Lord of Boissy, French nobleman and politician (d. 1519)
• 1475 – Sebastiano Serlio, Italian Mannerist architect (d. 1554)
• 1517 – Francisco de Holanda, Portuguese artist (d. 1585)
• 1535 – Emanuel van Meteren, Flemish historian and author (d. 1612)
• 1610 – Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena, Italian noble (d. 1658)
• 1620 – Isabella Leonarda, Italian composer and educator (d. 1704)
• 1631 – Charles Porter, English-born judge (d. 1696)
• 1633 – Sebastian Knüpfer, German cantor and composer (d. 1676)
• 1656 – Guillaume Dubois, French cardinal and politician (d. 1723)
• 1666 – Ivan V of Russia, Russian tsar (d. 1696)
• 1711 – Henry Muhlenberg, German-American pastor and missionary (d. 1787)
• 1729 – Moses Mendelssohn, German philosopher and theologian (d. 1786)
• 1732 – Johan Wilcke, Swedish physicist and academic (d. 1796)
• 1757 – Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, French general (d. 1834)
• 1766 – John Dalton, English chemist, meteorologist, and physicist (d. 1844)
• 1781 – Vincent Novello, English composer and publisher (d. 1861)
• 1795 – Frances Wright, Scottish-American author and activist (d. 1852)
• 1800 – Catharine Beecher, American educator and activist (d. 1878)
• 1802 – Alcide d'Orbigny, French zoologist, palaeontologist, and geologist (d. 1857)
• 1814 – George-Étienne Cartier, Canadian lawyer and politician, 9th Premier of East Canada (d. 1873)
• 1815 – St. John Richardson Liddell, American general (d. 1870)
• 1817 – Alexander Tilloch Galt, English-Canadian businessman and politician, 1st Canadian Minister of Finance (d. 1893)
• 1819 – William Rosecrans, American general, politician, and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Mexico (d. 1898)
• 1838 – Samuel Arnold, American conspirator (d. 1906)
• 1852 – Schalk Willem Burger, South African commander, lawyer, and politician, 6th President of the South African Republic (d. 1918)
• 1855 – Ferdinand Hummel, German pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1928)
• 1857 – Zelia Nuttall, American archeologist and historian (d. 1933)
• 1859 – Macpherson Robertson, Australian businessman and philanthropist, founded MacRobertson's (d. 1945)
• 1860 – Jane Addams, American sociologist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1935)
• 1861 – William Lane, English-Australian journalist, founded New Australia (d. 1917)
• 1863 – Jessie Willcox Smith, American illustrator (d. 1935)
• 1868 – Heinrich Häberlin, Swiss judge and politician, President of the Swiss National Council (d. 1947)
• 1869 – Walford Davies, English organist and composer (d. 1941)
• 1869 – Felix Salten, Austrian-Swiss author and critic (d. 1945)
• 1876 – John Macleod, Scottish physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1935)
• 1879 – Max Schreck, German actor (d. 1936)
• 1879 – Joseph Wirth, German educator and politician, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1956)
• 1888 – Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., American businessman and diplomat, 44th United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (d. 1969)
• 1889 – Louis Silvers, American composer (d. 1954)
• 1890 – Clara Kimball Young, American actress and producer (d. 1960)
• 1892 – Edward Victor Appleton, English-Scottish physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1965)
• 1893 – Claire Lee Chennault, American general and pilot (d. 1958)
• 1899 – Billy Rose, American composer and manager (d. 1966)
• 1900 – W. A. C. Bennett, Canadian businessman and politician, 25th Premier of British Columbia (d. 1979)
• 1900 – Julien Green, French-American author (d. 1998)
• 1906 – Luis Federico Leloir, French-Argentinian physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)
• 1908 – Anthony Wagner, English genealogist and academic (d. 1995)
• 1908 – Korczak Ziolkowski, American sculptor, designed the Crazy Horse Memorial (d. 1982)
• 1909 – Michael Gordon, American actor and director (d. 1993)
• 1910 – Walter Giesler, American soccer player, referee, and coach (d. 1976)
• 1911 – Harry Danning, American baseball player and coach (d. 2004)
• 1911 – Charles Deutsch, French aerodynamics engineer and automobile maker, co-founder of the brand "DB (d. 1980)
• 1912 – Wayne Barlow, American organist, composer, and director (d. 1996)
• 1913 – Julie Gibson, American actress and singer
• 1913 – Leônidas, Brazilian footballer (d. 2004)
• 1915 – Ed Oliver, American golfer (d. 1961)
• 1915 – Franz Josef Strauss, German lieutenant and politician, Minister President of Bavaria (d. 1988)
• 1917 – John Berry, American-French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1999)
• 1917 – George Mann, English cricketer (d. 2001)
• 1917 – Philipp von Boeselager, German soldier and economist (d. 2008)
• 1919 – Wilson Greatbatch, American engineer and philanthropist (d. 2011)
• 1920 – Elvira Pagã, Brazilian actress, singer, and author (d. 2003)
• 1921 – Carmen Laforet, Spanish author (d. 2004)
• 1921 – Norman Joseph Woodland, American inventor, co-created the bar code (d. 2012)
• 1923 – Peter II of Yugoslavia (d. 1970)
• 1924 – John Melcher, American veterinarian and politician
• 1925 – Andrea Camilleri, Italian author, screenwriter, and director
• 1925 – Jimmy Reed, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1976)
• 1926 – Prince Claus of the Netherlands (d. 2002)
• 1926 – Jack English Hightower, American lawyer and politician (d. 2013)
• 1926 – Arthur Oldham, English composer and conductor (d. 2003)
• 1926 – Maurice Prather, American photographer and director (d. 2001)
• 1928 – Fumihiko Maki, Japanese architect and academic, designed the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium and Makuhari Messe
• 1928 – Robert M. Pirsig, American novelist and philosopher (d. 2017)
• 1928 – Yevgeny Svetlanov, Russian conductor and composer (d. 2002)
• 1928 – Sid Watkins, English neurosurgeon and academic (d. 2012)
• 1929 – Yash Johar, Indian film producer, founded Dharma Productions (d. 2005)
• 1929 – Ljubov Rebane, Estonian physicist and mathematician (d. 1991)
• 1930 – Charles Foley, American game designer, co-created Twister (d. 2013)
• 1930 – Helmut Piirimäe, Estonian historian and academic
• 1931 – Bud Shrake, American journalist, author, and screenwriter (d. 2009)
• 1932 – Colin McColl, English intelligence officer
• 1932 – Gilles Tremblay, Canadian composer and educator
• 1935 – Isabelle Collin Dufresne, French actress and author (d. 2014)
• 1935 – Jock Wallace, Jr., Scottish footballer and coach (d. 1996)
• 1937 – Sergio Aragonés, Spanish-Mexican author and illustrator
• 1937 – Janusz Kurczab, Polish fencer and mountaineer (d. 2015)
• 1937 – Jo Anne Worley, American actress, comedian, and singer
• 1938 – Joan Tower, American pianist, composer, and conductor
• 1939 – Brigid Berlin, American actress, painter, and photographer
• 1939 – David Allan Coe, American outlaw country music singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1939 – Susumu Tonegawa, Japanese biologist and immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1940 – John M. Hayes, American scientist
• 1940 – Elizabeth Murray, American painter and illustrator (d. 2007)
• 1940 – Jackie Trent, English-Spanish singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2015)
• 1941 – Roger Law, English illustrator
• 1941 – Monica Mason, South African ballerina and director
• 1942 – Dave Bargeron, American trombonist and tuba player
• 1942 – Richard Hutton, English cricketer
• 1942 – Mel McDaniel, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2011)
• 1943 – Gordon Birtwistle, English engineer and politician
• 1943 – Richard J. Roberts, English biochemist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1943 – Roger Waters, English singer-songwriter and bass player
• 1944 – Donna Haraway, American author, academic, and activist
• 1944 – Swoosie Kurtz, American actress
• 1946 – Roger Knight, English cricketer and educator
• 1946 – Shirley M. Malcom, American scientist, academic and educator
• 1947 – Jane Curtin, American actress and comedian
• 1947 – Bruce Rioch, English footballer and manager
• 1947 – Jacob Rubinovitz, Polish-Israeli engineer and academic
• 1947 – Sylvester, American singer-songwriter (d. 1988)
• 1948 – Claydes Charles Smith, American guitarist (d. 2006)
• 1949 – Iris Robinson, Northern Irish politician
• 1951 – Melih Kibar, Turkish composer (d. 2005)
• 1952 – Simon Burns, English politician, Minister of State for Transport
• 1952 – Vladimir Kazachyonok, Russian footballer, coach, and manager
• 1952 – Buddy Miller, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1954 – Carly Fiorina, American businesswoman and activist
• 1954 – Demetris Kizas, Cypriot footballer
• 1954 – Patrick O'Hearn, American bassist and composer
• 1954 – John Sauven, English economist and environmentalist
• 1955 – Raymond Benson, American author and playwright
• 1956 – Bill Ritter, American lawyer and politician, 41st Governor of Colorado
• 1956 – Steven Yearley, English sociologist and academic
• 1957 – Ali Divandari, Iranian painter, sculptor, and journalist
• 1957 – Michaëlle Jean, Haitian-Canadian journalist and politician, 27th Governor-General of Canada
• 1957 – José Sócrates, Portuguese engineer and politician, 119th Prime Minister of Portugal
• 1958 – Buster Bloodvessel, English singer-songwriter
• 1958 – Jeff Foxworthy, American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1958 – Nigel Westlake, Australian composer and conductor
• 1958 – Michael Winslow, American actor
• 1958 – The Barbarian, Tongan wrestler
• 1959 – Bill Root, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1961 – Simon Reeve, Australian journalist and game show host
• 1961 – Wendi Richter, American wrestler
• 1961 – Scott Travis, American rock drummer (Judas Priest, Racer X)
• 1961 – Paul Waaktaar-Savoy, Norwegian musician and songwriter (A-ha)
• 1962 – Chris Christie, American lawyer and politician, 55th Governor of New Jersey
• 1962 – Marina Kaljurand, Estonian badminton player and diplomat, Estonia Ambassador to Russia
• 1962 – Elizabeth Vargas, American journalist
• 1962 – Kevin Willis, American basketball player and fashion designer
• 1963 – Mark Chesnutt, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1963 – Pat Nevin, Scottish footballer and sportscaster
• 1963 – Alice Sebold, American author
• 1963 – Bryan Simonaire, American engineer and politician
• 1963 – Geert Wilders, Dutch lawyer and politician
• 1964 – Rosie Perez, American actress, dancer, and director
• 1965 – Terry Bickers, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1965 – Darren Clark, Australian sprinter
• 1965 – Christopher Nolan, Irish author and poet (d. 2009)
• 1965 – Van Tiffin, American football player
• 1967 – William DuVall, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1967 – Macy Gray, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
• 1967 – Kalli Kalde, Estonian painter and illustrator
• 1967 – Igor Štimac, Croatian footballer and manager
• 1968 – Saeed Anwar, Pakistani cricketer
• 1968 – Christopher Brookmyre, Scottish author
• 1968 – Paul Rea, American journalist
• 1969 – Tony DiTerlizzi, American author and illustrator
• 1969 – Ben Finegold, American chess player and educator
• 1969 – Michellie Jones, Australian-American triathlete
• 1969 – CeCe Peniston, American singer-songwriter, actress, and former beauty pageant winner
• 1970 – Cheyne Coates, Australian singer-songwriter and producer
• 1970 – Emily Maitlis, Canadian-English journalist
• 1970 – Rhett Miller, American alternative country singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1971 – Devang Gandhi, Indian cricketer
• 1971 – Asko Künnap, Estonian poet and illustrator
• 1971 – Dolores O'Riordan, Irish singer-songwriter
• 1972 – Idris Elba, English actor
• 1972 – Saulius Mikalajūnas, Lithuanian footballer
• 1972 – Anika Noni Rose, American actress and singer
• 1973 – Carlo Cudicini, Italian footballer
• 1973 – Greg Rusedski, Canadian-English tennis player and sportscaster
• 1973 – Alessandro Troncon, Italian rugby player and coach
• 1974 – Tim Henman, English tennis player and sportscaster
• 1974 – Nina Persson, Swedish singer-songwriter
• 1975 – Derrek Lee, American baseball player and coach
• 1975 – Ryoko Tani, Japanese judoka and politician
• 1976 – Rodrigo Amarante, Brazilian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1976 – Jon Ander López, Spanish footballer (d. 2013)
• 1976 – Tom Pappas, American decathlete and coach
• 1978 – Cisco Adler, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1978 – Alex Escobar, Venezuelan baseball player
• 1978 – Mathew Horne, English actor and screenwriter
• 1978 – Homare Sawa, Japanese footballer
• 1979 – Mike Arnaoutis, Greek boxer
• 1979 – Foxy Brown, American rapper
• 1979 – Massimo Maccarone, Italian footballer
• 1979 – Carlos Adrián Morales, Mexican footballer
• 1979 – Low Ki, American wrestler
• 1980 – Jillian Hall, American wrestler and singer
• 1980 – Kerry Katona, English singer and actress
• 1980 – Samuel Peter, Nigerian boxer
• 1980 – Joseph Yobo, Nigerian footballer
• 1981 – Yuki Abe, Japanese footballer
• 1981 – Yumiko Cheng, Hong Kong singer and actress
• 1981 – Andrew Richardson, Jamaican cricketer
• 1981 – Mark Teahen, American baseball player
• 1983 – Braun Strowman, American wrestler and strongman
• 1984 – Helena Ekholm, Swedish skier
• 1984 – William Porterfield, Northern Irish cricketer
• 1985 – Mitch Moreland, American baseball player
• 1986 – Matt Keating, Australian rugby league player
• 1987 – Ramiele Malubay, Saudi Arabian-American singer
• 1987 – Emir Preldžić, Turkish basketball player
• 1988 – Ray Fujita, French-Japanese actor and singer
• 1988 – Max George, English singer-songwriter and actor
• 1988 – Denis Tonucci, Italian footballer
• 1989 – Nikos Boutzikos, Greek footballer
• 1989 – Kim So-eun, South Korean actress
• 1990 – Matt McAndrew, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1990 – John Wall, American basketball player
• 1992 – Young Tonumaipea, Samoan rugby league player
• 1993 – Mattia Valoti, Italian footballer
• 1996 – Andrés Tello, Colombian footballer
• 1997 – Jai Field, Australian rugby league player
• 1997 – Tsukushi, Japanese wrestler
• 1998 – Michele Perniola, Italian singer
• 1999 – Patrick Brasca, Canadian-Taiwanese singer-songwriter

Deaths[edit]

• 394 – Eugenius, Roman usurper
• 926 – Taizu of Liao, Khitan ruler (b. 872)
• 952 – Suzaku, emperor of Japan (b. 923)
• 957 – Liudolf, duke of Swabia (b. 930)
• 972 – John XIII, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 930)
• 1276 – Vicedomino de Vicedominis, Italian cardinal (b. 1210)
• 1431 – Demetrios Laskaris Leontares, Byzantine admiral and diplomat
• 1511 – Ashikaga Yoshizumi, Japanese shogun (b. 1481)
• 1553 – Juan de Homedes y Coscon, 47th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. c.1477)
• 1566 – Suleiman the Magnificent, Ottoman sultan (b. 1494)
• 1625 – Thomas Dempster, Scottish historian and scholar (b. 1579)
• 1635 – Metius, Dutch mathematician and astronomer (b. 1571)
• 1649 – Robert Dudley, English geographer and explorer (b. 1574)
• 1683 – Jean-Baptiste Colbert, French economist and politician, French Controller-General of Finances (b. 1619)
• 1708 – Sir John Morden, 1st Baronet, English merchant and philanthropist, founded Morden College (b. 1623)
• 1748 – Edmund Gibson, English bishop and scholar (b. 1669)
• 1783 – Carlo Bertinazzi, Italian actor and author (b. 1710)
• 1808 – Louis-Pierre Anquetil, French historian and author (b. 1723)
• 1868 – Pierre Adolphe Rost, American lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1797)
• 1885 – Narcís Monturiol, Spanish engineer, designed the Ictineo I and Ictineo II (b. 1819)
• 1891 – Charles Jamrach, German-English businessman (b. 1815)
• 1902 – Frederick Abel, English chemist and engineer (b. 1827)
• 1907 – Sully Prudhomme, French poet and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1839)
• 1919 – Lord Charles Beresford, English admiral and politician (b. 1846)
• 1927 – William Libbey, American target shooter and geographer (b. 1855)
• 1938 – John Stuart Hindmarsh, English race car driver and pilot (b. 1907)
• 1939 – Arthur Rackham, English illustrator (b. 1867)
• 1945 – John S. McCain Sr., American admiral (b. 1884)
• 1949 – Walter Widdop, English tenor and actor (b. 1892)
• 1950 – Olaf Stapledon, English philosopher and author (b. 1886)
• 1951 – James W. Gerard, American lawyer and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Germany (b. 1867)
• 1952 – Gertrude Lawrence, English actress, singer, and dancer (b. 1898)
• 1956 – Witold Hurewicz, Polish mathematician (b. 1904)
• 1956 – Lee Jung-seob, North Korean painter (b. 1916)
• 1959 – Edmund Gwenn, English actor (b. 1877)
• 1959 – Kay Kendall, English actress and comedian (b. 1927)
• 1962 – Hanns Eisler, German-Austrian composer (b. 1898)
• 1962 – Seiichiro Kashio, Japanese tennis player (b. 1892)
• 1966 – Margaret Sanger, American nurse, educator, and activist (b. 1879)
• 1966 – Hendrik Verwoerd, Dutch-South African journalist and politician, 7th Prime Minister of South Africa (b. 1901)
• 1969 – Arthur Friedenreich, Brazilian footballer (b. 1892)
• 1972 – Perpetrator and victims of the Munich massacre
  • Luttif Afif, Palestinian terrorist (b. 1945)
  • David Mark Berger, American-Israeli weightlifter (b. 1944)
  • Ze'ev Friedman, Polish-Israeli weightlifter (b. 1944)
  • Yossef Gutfreund, Israeli wrestling judge (b. 1931)
  • Eliezer Halfin, Russian-Israeli wrestler (b. 1948)
  • Amitzur Shapira, Russian-Israeli runner and coach (b. 1932)
  • Kehat Shorr, Romanian shooting coach (b. 1919)
  • Mark Slavin, Israeli wrestler (b. 1954)
  • Andre Spitzer, Romanian-Israeli fencer and coach (b. 1945)
  • Yakov Springer, Polish-Israeli wrestler and coach (b. 1921)
• 1974 – Olga Baclanova, Russian-Swiss actress and ballerina (b. 1896)
• 1978 – Max Decugis, French tennis player (b. 1882)
• 1978 – Tom Wilson, American record producer (b. 1931)
• 1979 – Ronald Binge, English organist and composer (b. 1910)
• 1982 – Azra Erhat, Turkish archaeologist, author, and academic (b. 1915)
• 1984 – Ernest Tubb, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1914)
• 1985 – Franco Ferrara, Italian conductor and composer (b. 1911)
• 1986 – Blanche Sweet, American actress (b. 1896)
• 1987 – Quinn Martin, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1922)
• 1988 – Leroy Brown, American wrestler (b. 1950)
• 1988 – Bill Northam, Australian sailor and businessman (b. 1905)
• 1990 – Tom Fogerty, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1941)
• 1990 – Len Hutton, English cricketer and soldier (b. 1916)
• 1991 – Bob Goldham, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster (b. 1922)
• 1992 – Henry Ephron, American playwright, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1912)
• 1994 – James Clavell, Australian-American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1924)
• 1994 – Nicky Hopkins, English pianist (b. 1944)
• 1994 – Max Kaminsky, American trumpet player and bandleader (b. 1908)
• 1997 – P. H. Newby, English author and broadcaster (b. 1918)
• 1998 – Akira Kurosawa, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1910)
• 1998 – Ric Segreto, American-Filipino singer-songwriter, actor, and journalist (b. 1952)
• 1999 – Lagumot Harris, Nauruan politician, 3rd President of Nauru (b. 1938)
• 1999 – René Lecavalier, Canadian sportscaster (b. 1918)
• 2005 – Hasan Abidi, Pakistani journalist and poet (b. 1929)
• 2005 – Eugenia Charles, Dominican lawyer and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Dominica (b. 1919)
• 2007 – Madeleine L'Engle, American author and poet (b. 1918)
• 2007 – Luciano Pavarotti, Italian tenor (b. 1935)
• 2008 – Anita Page, American actress (b. 1910)
• 2009 – Catherine Gaskin, Irish-Australian author (b. 1929)
• 2010 – Boris Chetkov, Russian painter (b. 1926)
• 2010 – Clive Donner, English director and editor (b. 1926)
• 2011 – Michael S. Hart, American author, founded Project Gutenberg (b. 1947)
• 2012 – Elisabeth Böhm, German architect (b. 1921)
• 2012 – Lawrie Dring, Scottish scout leader, founded World Federation of Independent Scouts (b. 1931)
• 2012 – Jerome Kilty, American actor and playwright (b. 1922)
• 2012 – Art Modell, American businessman (b. 1925)
• 2012 – Oscar Rossi, Argentinian footballer and manager (b. 1930)
• 2012 – Terry Nutkins, English naturalist, television presenter and author (b. 1946)
• 2013 – Ann C. Crispin, American author (b. 1950)
• 2013 – Khin Maung Kyi, Burmese economist and scholar (b. 1926)
• 2013 – Santiago Rosario, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach (b. 1939)
• 2014 – Odd Bondevik, Norwegian bishop and theologian (b. 1941)
• 2014 – Cirilo Flores, American bishop (b. 1948)
• 2014 – Seth Martin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1933)
• 2014 – Kira Zvorykina, Belarusian chess player and educator (b. 1919)
• 2015 – Ralph Milne, Scottish footballer (b. 1961)
• 2015 – Martin Milner, American actor (b. 1931)
• 2015 – Barney Schultz, American baseball player and coach (b. 1926)
• 2015 – Calvin J. Spann, American general and pilot (b. 1924)
• 2017 – Peter Luck, Australian journalist and television host (b. 1944)

Saudi Arabia is building a $7 billion 

city on the sand — here's 

what it will look like

Knowledge Economic City Company

Saudi Arabia is the world's largest oil exporter, but falling oil prices have hurt the economy and made it harder for the country to pay its oil workers.

To give its economy a boost, the Saudi Arabian government has been working in recent years to transform hundreds of square miles of desert into new cities that create jobs and diversify the economy away from crude oil.

One of the developments under construction is the Knowledge Economic City, set to be complete by 2020.

Take a look at the master plan below.

Saudi Arabia is building the Knowledge Economic City in Medina, located 60 miles from the Red Sea coast.

Knowledge Economic City Company

Amr Dabbagh, Governor of the Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority, announced the project in 2006.

Source: The Knowledge Economic City Company

The$7 billion development will measure 51.6 million square feet when complete.

Knowledge Economic City Company

The city's master plan calls for retail, office space, and over 1 million square feet of housing.

Knowledge Economic City Company

The Knowledge Economic City's four residential neighborhoods will feature parks, playgrounds, gyms, mosques, shops, and swimming pools.

Knowledge Economic City Company

One neighborhood will include 900 villas, which will look like this.

Knowledge Economic City Company

The retail space will include a 538,000-square-foot strip mall.

Knowledge Economic City Company

The mall will have luxury cars showrooms, restaurants, cafés, and some American food chains.

Knowledge Economic City Company

The Saudi Arabian government claims the development will create 20,000 jobs and provide housing for 150,000 people. They will live in apartment buildings that look like this.

Knowledge Economic City Company

Residents will be able to travel to Mecca and Jeddah via the Haramain High Speed Railway, a 281-mile train line set to open in early 2018.

Knowledge Economic City Company

Source: Arab News

The project is part of Saudi Arabia's effort to create an economy that focuses less on oil. In October, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman announced that the government will also start building a $500 billion mega-city, called NEOM.

Knowledge Economic City Company

Source: Business Insider

The developments are certainly ambitious.

Knowledge Economic City Company

Saudi Arabia just announced plans to build a $500 billion mega-city that's 33 times the size of New York City

Laborers work at the construction site of a building in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, October 18, 2017. Reuters

• The Saudi Arabian government says it will build a $500 billion mega-city, with the goal of diversifying its economy to focus less on crude oil.
• The project, called NEOM, will measure 10,230 square miles.
• Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman said the government will aim to make NEOM run on 100% renewable energy — a highly ambitious goal.

---

Saudi Arabia is the world's largest oil exporter, but falling oil prices have made it more difficultfor the country to pay its oil workers.

Now the Saudi Arabian government has come up with a project that could give its economy a boost: a $500 billion mega-city that will connect to Jordan and Egypt and be powered completely by renewable energy.

On Tuesday, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman announced the project, called NEOM, at the Future Investment Initiative conference in Riyadh. It will be financed by the Saudi government and private investors, according to Reuters. 

The business and industrial-focused city will span 10,230 square miles. To put that size in perspective, 10,230 square miles is more than 33 times the land area of New York City.

A screenshot from the "Discover NEOM" website. Discover NEOM

NEOM's larger goal is to lessen Saudi Arabia's reliance on oil exports, which could expand the country's economy beyond oil,  bin Salman said at the conference. The city will focus on a variety of industries, including energy and water, biotechnology, food, advanced manufacturing, and entertainment. Saudi Arabia hasn't released a masterplan yet for what it will look like.

The country appointed Klaus Kleinfeld, a former chief executive of Siemens AG and Alcoa Inc, to run the NEOM project. Officials hope that a funding program, which includes selling 5% of oil giant Saudi Aramco, will raise $300 billion for NEOM's construction.

Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Masayoshi Son, SoftBank Group Corp. Chairman and CEO, and Christine Lagarde, International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing Director, attend the Future Investment Initiative conference in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia October 24, 2017. Reuters

The project could make NEOM one of the largest cities to run without fossil fuels. In the US, one of the largest cities to run on 100% renewable energy is Burlington, Vermont, which doesn't come close to the planned size of NEOM. Cities in Iceland and Norway also claim to be close to achieving entirely renewable electrical grids with help from natural resources like hydropower and geothermal heat.

Saudi Arabia expects to complete NEOM's first section by 2025.

"This place is not for conventional people or conventional companies, this will be a place for the dreamers for the world," bin Salman said on a panel at the conference. "The strong political will and the desire of a nation. All the success factors are there to create something big in Saudi Arabia."

[edit]

• 960 – Battle of Andrassos: Byzantines under Leo Phokas the Younger score a crushing victory over the Hamdanid Emir of Aleppo, Sayf al-Dawla.
• 1278 – Trần Thánh Tông, the second emperor of the Trần dynasty, decides to pass the throne to his crown prince Trần Khâm and take up the post of Retired Emperor.
• 1519 – Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with a great celebration.
• 1520 – Stockholm Bloodbath begins: A successful invasion of Sweden by Danish forces results in the execution of around 100 people.
• 1576 – Eighty Years' War: Pacification of Ghent: The States General of the Netherlands meet and unite to oppose Spanish occupation.
• 1602 – The Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford is opened to the public.
• 1605 – Robert Catesby, ringleader of the Gunpowder Plotters, is killed.
• 1614 – Japanese daimyō Dom Justo Takayama is exiled to the Philippines by shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu for being Christian.
• 1620 – The Battle of White Mountain takes place near Prague, ending in a decisive Catholic victory in only two hours.
• 1644 – The Shunzhi Emperor, the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, is enthroned in Beijing after the collapse of the Ming dynasty as the first Qing emperor to rule over China.
• 1745 – Charles Edward Stuart invades England with an army of ~5000 that would later participate in the Battle of Culloden.
• 1837 – Mary Lyon founds Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, which later becomes Mount Holyoke College.
• 1861 – American Civil War: The "Trent Affair": The USS San Jacinto stops the British mail ship Trent and arrests two Confederate envoys, sparking a diplomatic crisis between the UK and US.
• 1889 – Montana is admitted as the 41st U.S. state.
• 1892 – The New Orleans general strike begins, uniting black and white American trade unionists in a successful four-day general strike action for the first time.
• 1895 – While experimenting with electricity, Wilhelm Röntgen discovers the X-ray.
• 1901 – Gospel riots: Bloody clashes take place in Athens following the translation of the Gospels into demotic Greek.
• 1917 – The first Council of People's Commissars is formed, including Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin.
• 1923 – Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government.
• 1933 – Great Depression: New Deal: US President Franklin D. Roosevelt unveils the Civil Works Administration, an organization designed to create jobs for more than 4 million unemployed.
• 1936 – Spanish Civil War: Francoist troops fail in their effort to capture Madrid, but begin the 3-year Siege of Madrid afterwards.
• 1937 – The Nazi exhibition Der ewige Jude ("The Eternal Jew") opens in Munich.
• 1939 – Venlo Incident: Two British agents of SIS are captured by the Germans.
• 1939 – In Munich, Adolf Hitler narrowly escapes the assassination attempt of Georg Elser while celebrating the 16th anniversary of the Beer Hall Putsch.
• 1940 – Greco-Italian War: The Italian invasion of Greece fails as outnumbered Greek units repulse the Italians in the Battle of Elaia–Kalamas.
• 1942 – World War II: French Resistance coup in Algiers, in which 400 civilian French patriots neutralize Vichyist XIXth Army Corps after 15 hours of fighting, and arrest several Vichyst generals, allowing the immediate success of Operation Torch in Algiers.
• 1950 – Korean War: United States Air Force Lt. Russell J. Brown, while piloting an F-80 Shooting Star, shoots down two North Korean MiG-15s in the first jet aircraft-to-jet aircraft dogfight in history.
• 1957 – Pan Am Flight 7 disappears between San Francisco and Honolulu. Wreckage and bodies are discovered a week later.
• 1957 – Operation Grapple X, Round C1: The United Kingdom conducts its first successful hydrogen bomb test over Kiritimati in the Pacific.
• 1965 – The British Indian Ocean Territory is created, consisting of Chagos Archipelago, Aldabra, Farquhar and Des Roches islands.
• 1965 – The Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965 is given Royal Assent, formally abolishing the death penalty in the United Kingdom.
• 1965 – The 173rd Airborne is ambushed by over 1,200 Viet Cong in Operation Hump during the Vietnam War, while the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment fight one of the first set-piece engagements of the war between Australian forces and the Viet Cong at the Battle of Gang Toi.
• 1966 – Former Massachusetts Attorney General Edward Brooke becomes the first African American elected to the United States Senate since Reconstruction.
• 1966 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs into law an antitrust exemption allowing the National Football League to merge with the upstart American Football League.
• 1968 – The Vienna Convention on Road Traffic is signed to facilitate international road traffic and to increase road safety by standardising the uniform traffic rules among the signatories.
• 1972 – HBO launches its programming, with the broadcast of the 1971 movie Sometimes a Great Notion, starring Paul Newman and Henry Fonda.
• 1973 – The right ear of John Paul Getty III is delivered to a newspaper together with a ransom note, convincing his father to pay US$2.9 million.
• 1977 – Manolis Andronikos, a Greek archaeologist and professor at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, discovers the tomb of Philip II of Macedon at Vergina.
• 1987 – Remembrance Day bombing: A Provisional IRA bomb explodes in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland during a ceremony honouring those who had died in wars involving British forces. Twelve people are killed and sixty-three wounded.
• 1994 – Republican Revolution: On the night of the 1994 United States midterm elections, Republicans make historic electoral gains by securing massive majorities in both houses of congress (54 seats in the House and eight seats in the Senate, additionally). Thus bringing a close to four decades of Democratic domination.
• 2002 – Iraq disarmament crisis: UN Security Council Resolution 1441: The United Nations Security Council unanimously approves a resolution on Iraq, forcing Saddam Hussein to disarm or face "serious consequences".
• 2004 – War in Iraq: More than 10,000 U.S. troops and a small number of Iraqi army units participate in a siege on the insurgent stronghold of Fallujah.
• 2011 – The potentially hazardous asteroid 2005 YU55 passes 0.85 lunar distances from Earth (about 324,600 kilometres or 201,700 miles), the closest known approach by an asteroid of its brightness since 2010 XC15 in 1976.
• 2013 – Typhoon Haiyan, one of the strongest tropical cyclones ever recorded, strikes the Visayas region of the Philippines; the storm left at least 6,340 people dead with over 1,000 still missing, and caused $2.86 billion (2013 USD) in damage.
• 2016 – Donald Trump is elected 45th President of the United States defeating Hillary Clinton. She is the fifth presidential candidate in U.S. history to win the popular vote but lose the election.
• 2016 – Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announces withdrawal of ₹500 and ₹1000 denomination banknotes effective midnight, making 86% of the currency in circulation invalid.

Births[edit]

• AD 30 – Nerva, Roman emperor (d. 98)
• 1342 – Julian of Norwich, English mystic and saint (d. 1416)
• 1407 – Alain de Coëtivy, French cardinal (d. 1474)
• 1417 – Philipp I, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1458–1480) (d. 1480)
• 1456 – Queen Gonghye, Korean royal consort (d. 1474)
• 1491 – Teofilo Folengo, Italian monk and poet (d. 1544)
• 1543 – Lettice Knollys, Countess of Essex and lady-in-waiting to Elizabeth I of England (d. 1634)
• 1555 – Nyaungyan Min, King of Burma (d. 1605)
• 1563 – Henry I, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1624)
• 1572 – John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1619)
• 1622 – Charles X Gustav of Sweden (d. 1660)
• 1656 – Edmond Halley, English astronomer and mathematician (d. 1742)
• 1706 – Johann Ulrich von Cramer, German philosopher and judge (d. 1772)
• 1710 – Sarah Fielding, English author (d. 1768)
• 1715 – Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern (d. 1797)
• 1723 – John Byron, English admiral and politician, 24th Commodore Governor of Newfoundland (d. 1786)
• 1725 – Johann George Tromlitz, German flute player and composer (d. 1805)
• 1763 – Otto Wilhelm Masing, German-Estonian linguist and author (d. 1832)
• 1768 – Princess Augusta Sophia of the United Kingdom (d. 1840)
• 1772 – William Wirt, American lawyer and politician, 9th United States Attorney General (d. 1834)
• 1788 – Mihály Bertalanits, Slovene poet and educator (d. 1853)
• 1855 – Nikolaos Triantafyllakos, Greek politician, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1939)
• 1831 – Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton, English poet and diplomat, 30th Governor-General of India (d. 1880)
• 1836 – Milton Bradley, American businessman, founded the Milton Bradley Company (d. 1911)
• 1837 – Ilia Chavchavadze, Georgian journalist, lawyer, and politician (d. 1907)
• 1847 – Jean Casimir-Perier, French politician, 6th President of France (d. 1907)
• 1847 – Bram Stoker, Irish novelist and critic, created Count Dracula (d. 1912)
• 1848 – Gottlob Frege, German mathematician and philosopher (d. 1925)
• 1854 – Johannes Rydberg, Swedish physicist and academic (d. 1919)
• 1866 – Herbert Austin, 1st Baron Austin, English businessman, founded the Austin Motor Company (d. 1941)
• 1868 – Felix Hausdorff, German mathematician and academic (d. 1942)
• 1878 – Dorothea Bate, English palaeontologist and archaeozoologist (d. 1951)
• 1881 – Clarence Gagnon, Canadian painter and illustrator (d. 1942)
• 1883 – Arnold Bax, English composer and poet (d. 1953)
• 1883 – Charles Demuth, American painter (d. 1935)
• 1884 – Hermann Rorschach, Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst (d. 1922)
• 1885 – George Bouzianis, Greek painter (d. 1959)
• 1885 – Hans Cloos, German geologist and academic (d. 1951)
• 1885 – Emil Fahrenkamp, German architect and academic (d. 1966)
• 1885 – Tomoyuki Yamashita, Japanese general and politician, 4th Japanese Military Governors of the Philippines (d. 1946)
• 1888 – David Monrad Johansen, Norwegian pianist and composer (d. 1974)
• 1893 – Prajadhipok, Thai king (d. 1941)
• 1896 – Erika Abels d'Albert, Austrian painter and graphic artist (d. 1975)
• 1896 – Bucky Harris, American baseball player and manager (d. 1977)
• 1897 – Dorothy Day, American journalist and activist (d. 1980)
• 1898 – Marie Prevost, Canadian-American actress and singer (d. 1937)
• 1900 – Margaret Mitchell, American journalist and author (d. 1949)
• 1904 – Cedric Belfrage, English-American journalist and author, co-founded the National Guardian (d. 1990)
• 1908 – Martha Gellhorn, American journalist and author (d. 1998)
• 1910 – James McCormack, American general (d. 1975)
• 1911 – Al Brosch, American golfer (d. 1975)
• 1911 – Robert Jackson, Australian public servant and diplomat (d. 1991)
• 1912 – June Havoc, American actress, singer and dancer (d. 2010)
• 1912 – Stylianos Pattakos, Greek general and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2016)
• 1913 – Lou Ambers, American boxer (d. 1995)
• 1914 – Norman Lloyd, American actor, director, and producer
• 1918 – Kazuo Sakamaki, Japanese soldier (d. 1999)
• 1918 – Hermann Zapf, German typographer and calligrapher (d. 2015)
• 1919 – James S. Ackerman, American historian and academic (d. 2016)
• 1919 – Purushottam Laxman Deshpande, Indian actor, screenwriter, and author (d. 2000)
• 1920 – Sitara Devi, Indian actress, dancer, and choreographer (d. 2014)
• 1920 – Esther Rolle, American actress (d. 1998)
• 1920 – Eugênio Sales, Brazilian cardinal (d. 2012)
• 1921 – Douglas Townsend, American composer, musicologist, and academic (d. 2012)
• 1922 – Christiaan Barnard, South African surgeon and academic (d. 2001)
• 1922 – Thea D. Hodge, American computer scientist and academic (d. 2008)
• 1922 – Ademir Marques de Menezes, Brazilian footballer, coach, and sportscaster (d. 1996)
• 1923 – Yisrael Friedman, Romanian-born Israeli rabbi (d. 2017)
• 1923 – Jack Kilby, American physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
• 1924 – Johnny Bower, Canadian ice hockey player and soldier
• 1924 – Joe Flynn, American actor (d. 1974)
• 1924 – Robert V. Hogg, American statistician and academic (d. 2014)
• 1924 – Victorinus Youn Kong-hi, South Korean archbishop
• 1924 – Dmitry Yazov, Marshal of the Soviet Union
• 1926 – Carroll E. Lanier, American sailor and politician (d. 2012)
• 1926 – Darleane C. Hoffman, American nuclear chemist
• 1927 – L. K. Advani, Indian lawyer and politician, 7th Deputy Prime Minister of India
• 1927 – Chris Connor, American singer (d. 2009)
• 1927 – Nguyễn Khánh, Vietnamese general and politician, 4th President of the Republic of Vietnam (d. 2013)
• 1927 – Patti Page, American singer and actress (d. 2013)
• 1928 – Des Corcoran, Australian politician, 37th Premier of South Australia (d. 2004)
• 1929 – Bobby Bowden, American football player and coach
• 1929 – António Castanheira Neves, Portuguese philosopher and academic
• 1931 – Jim Redman, English-Rhodesian motorcycle racer
• 1931 – Morley Safer, Canadian-American journalist and author (d. 2016)
• 1932 – Stéphane Audran, French actress
• 1932 – Ben Bova, American journalist and author
• 1933 – Peter Arundell, English race car driver (d. 2009)
• 1935 – Alain Delon, French-Swiss actor, producer, screenwriter
• 1935 – Stratos Dionysiou, Greek singer-songwriter (d. 1990)
• 1935 – Alfonso López Trujillo, Colombian cardinal (d. 2008)
• 1936 – Virna Lisi, Italian actress (d. 2014)
• 1938 – Driss Basri, Moroccan police officer and politician (d. 2007)
• 1938 – Richard Stoker, English composer, author, and poet
• 1941 – Nerys Hughes, Welsh actress
• 1942 – Angel Cordero Jr., Puerto Rican-American jockey
• 1942 – Sandro Mazzola, Italian footballer and sportscaster
• 1943 – Martin Peters, English footballer and manager
• 1944 – Bonnie Bramlett, American singer and actress (Delaney & Bonnie)
• 1945 – Arduino Cantafora, Italian-Swiss architect, painter, and author
• 1945 – John Farrar, Australian-born music producer, songwriter, arranger, singer, and guitarist
• 1945 – Don Murray, American drummer (The Turtles) (d. 1996)
• 1945 – Vincent Nichols, English cardinal
• 1945 – Arnold Rosner, American composer (d. 2013)
• 1946 – Guus Hiddink, Dutch footballer and manager
• 1946 – Roy Wood, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1947 – Michael Perham, English bishop (d. 2017)
• 1947 – Minnie Riperton, American singer-songwriter (d. 1979)
• 1947 – Margaret Rhea Seddon, American physician and astronaut
• 1947 – Lewis Yocum, American physician and surgeon (d. 2013)
• 1948 – Dale Gardner, American captain and astronaut (d. 2014)
• 1949 – Wayne LaPierre, American businessman, author, and activist
• 1949 – Bonnie Raitt, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1950 – Mary Hart, American journalist and actress
• 1951 – Gerald Alston, American R&B singer
• 1951 – Larry Burnett, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Firefall)
• 1951 – Alfredo Astiz, Argentinian captain
• 1951 – Laura Cox, English lawyer and judge
• 1951 – Peter Suber, American philosopher and academic
• 1952 – John Denny, American baseball player and coach
• 1952 – Christie Hefner, American publisher and businesswoman
• 1952 – Jan Raas, Dutch cyclist
• 1952 – Jerry Remy, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1952 – Alfre Woodard, American actress
• 1953 – Giorgos Foiros, Greek footballer and manager
• 1953 – John Musker, American animator, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1953 – Nand Kumar Patel, Indian politician (d. 2013)
• 1954 – David Bret, French-English journalist and author
• 1954 – Michael D. Brown, American lawyer and radio host
• 1954 – Timothy Egan, American journalist and author
• 1954 – Kazuo Ishiguro, Japanese-British novelist, screenwriter, and short story writer.
• 1954 – Rickie Lee Jones, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1954 – Thanasis Pafilis, Greek jurist and politician
• 1955 – Patricia Barber, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1955 – Jeffrey Ford, American author and educator
• 1956 – Mari Boine, Norwegian singer-songwriter and producer
• 1956 – Richard Curtis, New Zealand-English screenwriter, film and television producer, and film director
• 1956 – Steven Miller, American record producer and engineer
• 1957 – Alan Curbishley, English footballer and manager
• 1957 – Tim Shaw, American swimmer
• 1957 – Porl Thompson, English guitarist and songwriter
• 1957 – Hardi Volmer, Estonian singer and director
• 1958 – Don Byron, American clarinet player and composer
• 1958 – Ken Lamberton, American author and educator
• 1958 – Selçuk Yula, Turkish footballer and journalist (d. 2013)
• 1959 – Miroslav Janů, Czech footballer and manager (d. 2013)
• 1959 – Chi Chi LaRue, American drag queen performer and director
• 1960 – Oleg Menshikov, Russian actor, singer, and director
• 1960 – Michael Nyqvist, Swedish actor and producer
• 1961 – Micky Adams, English footballer and manager
• 1961 – Leif Garrett, American singer, actor, and television personality
• 1963 – Paul McKenna, English hypnotist and author
• 1965 – Jeff Blauser, American baseball player and manager
• 1965 – Craig Chester, American actor and screenwriter
• 1965 – Mike Matarazzo, American bodybuilder and boxer (d. 2014)
• 1966 – Gordon Ramsay, British chef, restaurateur, and television host/personality
• 1967 – Henry Rodriguez, Dominican baseball player
• 1967 – Courtney Thorne-Smith, American actress
• 1968 – Keith Jones, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
• 1968 – José Offerman, Dominican baseball player and manager
• 1968 – Sergio Porrini, Italian footballer and manager
• 1968 – Parker Posey, American actress
• 1970 – Tom Anderson, American businessman, co-founded Myspace
• 1970 – David Hemp, Bermudian cricketer
• 1970 – Michael Jackson, Canadian actor
• 1970 – Diana King, Jamaican singer-songwriter
• 1970 – José Porras, Costa Rican footballer and coach
• 1971 – Carlos Atanes, Spanish director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1972 – Chris Fydler, Australian swimmer
• 1972 – Gretchen Mol, American model and actress
• 1973 – Sven Mikser, Estonian politician, 22nd Estonian Minister of Defence
• 1973 – David Muir, American journalist
• 1974 – Joshua Ferris, American author
• 1974 – Penelope Heyns, South African swimmer
• 1974 – Masashi Kishimoto, Japanese author and illustrator, created Naruto
• 1974 – Seishi Kishimoto, Japanese illustrator
• 1975 – Brevin Knight, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1975 – Tara Reid, American actress
• 1975 – Alena Vašková, Czech tennis player
• 1976 – Brett Lee, Australian cricketer and sportscaster
• 1976 – Colin Strause, American director, producer, and visual effects designer
• 1977 – Jully Black, Canadian singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
• 1977 – Bucky Covington, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1977 – Nick Punto, American baseball player
• 1978 – Tim de Cler, Dutch footballer
• 1978 – Maurice Evans, American basketball player
• 1978 – Ali Karimi, Iranian footballer and manager
• 1978 – Kensaku Kishida, Japanese actor and entertainer
• 1978 – Emma Lewell-Buck, English social worker and politician
• 1978 – Júlio Sérgio, Brazilian footballer and manager
• 1979 – Andrea Benatti, Italian rugby player
• 1979 – Aaron Hughes, Irish footballer
• 1980 – Luís Fabiano, Brazilian footballer
• 1980 – Laura Jane Grace, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1980 – Holly Walsh, English radio and television host
• 1981 – Joe Cole, English footballer
• 1981 – Yann Kermorgant, French footballer
• 1982 – Ted DiBiase, Jr., American wrestler and actor
• 1982 – Mika Kallio, Finnish motorcycle racer
• 1982 – Sam Sparro, Australian singer-songwriter and producer
• 1983 – Sinan Güler, Turkish basketball player
• 1983 – Katharina Molitor, German javelin thrower
• 1983 – Remko Pasveer, Dutch footballer
• 1983 – Pavel Pogrebnyak, Russian footballer
• 1983 – Nikola Rachelle, English-New Zealand singer-songwriter and producer
• 1983 – Danielle Valore Evans American short story writer
• 1984 – Kuntal Chandra, Bangladeshi cricketer (d. 2012)
• 1984 – Yoko Mitsuya, Japanese model and actress
• 1984 – Steven Webb, English actor
• 1985 – Magda Apanowicz, Canadian actress
• 1985 – Míchel, Spanish footballer
• 1986 – Patricia Mayr-Achleitner, Austrian tennis player
• 1986 – Jamie Roberts, Welsh rugby player
• 1986 – Aaron Swartz, American computer programmer and activist (d. 2013)
• 1987 – Édgar Benítez, Paraguayan footballer
• 1987 – Sam Bradford, American football player
• 1987 – Mohd Faiz Subri, Malaysian footballer
• 1988 – Jessica Lowndes, Canadian actress and singer
• 1988 – Lucia Slaničková, Slovak heptathlete
• 1989 – Van Roxas, Filipino singer and actor
• 1989 – Morgan Schneiderlin, French footballer
• 1989 – Giancarlo Stanton, American baseball player
• 1990 – Ingrid Puusta, Estonian sailor
• 1991 – Aaron Fotheringham, American wheelchair athlete
• 1991 – Jack Littlejohn, Australian rugby league player
• 1991 – Riker Lynch, American singer-songwriter and bass player
• 1991 – Dan Middleton, English YouTube personality and pro gamer
• 1992 – Christophe Vincent, French footballer
• 1993 – Przemek Karnowski, Polish basketball player
• 1993 – Fraser Mullen, Scottish footballer

Deaths[edit]

• 397 – Martin of Tours, Frankish bishop and saint
• 618 – Adeodatus I, pope of the Catholic Church
• 785 – Sawara, Japanese prince
• 789 – Willehad, bishop of Bremen
• 928 – Duan Ning, Chinese general
• 940 – Yao Yi, Chinese chancellor (b. 866)
• 943 – Liu, empress of Qi (Ten Kingdoms) (b. 877)
• 955 – Agapetus II, pope of the Catholic Church
• 1115 – Godfrey of Amiens, French bishop and saint (b. 1066)
• 1122 – Ilghazi, Artuqid ruler of Mardin
• 1171 – Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut (b. 1108)
• 1195 – Conrad, Count Palatine of the Rhine (b. 1135)
• 1226 – Louis VIII, king of France (b. 1187)
• 1246 – Berengaria of Castile (b. 1179)
• 1263 – Matilda of Béthune, French countess
• 1308 – Duns Scotus, Scottish priest, philosopher, and academic (b. 1266)
• 1400 – Peter of Aragon, Aragonese infante (b. 1398)
• 1478 – Baeda Maryam I, emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1448)
• 1494 – Melozzo da Forlì, Italian painter (b. c. 1438)
• 1517 – Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, Spanish cardinal (b. 1436)
• 1527 – Jerome Emser, German theologian and reformer (b. 1477)
• 1599 – Francisco Guerrero, Spanish pianist and composer (b. 1528)
• 1600 – Natsuka Masaie, Japanese daimyō (b. 1562)
• 1605 – Robert Catesby, English conspirator, leader of the Gunpowder Plot (b. 1573)
• 1606 – Girolamo Mercuriale, Italian philologist and physician (b. 1530)
• 1658 – Witte Corneliszoon de With, Dutch admiral (b. 1599)
• 1674 – John Milton, English poet and philosopher (b. 1608)
• 1719 – Michel Rolle, French mathematician and author (b. 1652)
• 1773 – Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz, Prussian general (b. 1721)
• 1817 – Andrea Appiani, Italian painter and educator (b. 1754)
• 1828 – Thomas Bewick, English engraver, illustrator and author (b.1753)
• 1830 – Francis I of the Two Sicilies (b. 1777)
• 1873 – Manuel Bretón de los Herreros, Spanish poet, playwright, and critic (b. 1796)
• 1887 – Doc Holliday, American dentist and poker player (b. 1851)
• 1890 – César Franck, Belgian organist and composer (b. 1822)
• 1895 – Robert Battey, American surgeon and academic (b. 1828)
• 1901 – James Agnew, Irish-Australian politician, 16th Premier of Tasmania (b. 1815)
• 1905 – Victor Borisov-Musatov, Russian painter (b. 1870)
• 1917 – Colin Blythe, English cricketer and soldier (b. 1879)
• 1921 – Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav, Slovak poet and playwright (b. 1849)
• 1934 – Carlos Chagas, Brazilian physician and bacteriologist (b. 1879)
• 1944 – Walter Nowotny, Austrian-German soldier and pilot (b. 1920)
• 1945 – August von Mackensen, German field marshal (b. 1849)
• 1949 – Cyriel Verschaeve, Belgian-Austrian priest and activist (b. 1874)
• 1953 – Ivan Bunin, Russian author and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1870)
• 1953 – John van Melle, Dutch-South African author and educator (b. 1887)
• 1959 – Frank S. Land, American activist, founded the DeMolay International (b. 1890)
• 1960 – Subroto Mukerjee, Indian soldier; Chief of the Air Staff of the Indian Air Force (b. 1911)
• 1965 – Dorothy Kilgallen, American journalist, television personality, and game show panelist (b. 1913)
• 1968 – Wendell Corey, American actor and politician (b. 1914)
• 1968 – Peter Mohr Dam, Faroese educator and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (b. 1898)
• 1970 – Huw T. Edwards, Welsh poet and politician (b. 1892)
• 1973 – Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel, Turkish poet, author, and politician (b. 1898)
• 1974 – Ivory Joe Hunter, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1914)
• 1975 – Jaime Montestrela, Portuguese-French poet and author (b. 1925)
• 1977 – Tasos Giannopoulos, Greek actor and producer (b. 1931)
• 1977 – Bucky Harris, American baseball player and manager (b. 1896)
• 1978 – Norman Rockwell, American painter and illustrator (b. 1894)
• 1983 – James Booker, American singer and pianist (b. 1939)
• 1983 – Mordecai Kaplan, Lithuanian-American rabbi and educator (b. 1881)
• 1985 – Nicolas Frantz, Luxembourger cyclist (b. 1899)
• 1985 – Jacques Hnizdovsky, Ukrainian-American painter and illustrator (b. 1915)
• 1986 – Vyacheslav Molotov, Russian politician and diplomat, Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1890)
• 1994 – Michael O'Donoghue, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1940)
• 1998 – Rumer Godden, English author and poet (b. 1907)
• 1998 – John Hunt, Baron Hunt, English colonel, mountaineer, and academic (b. 1910)
• 1998 – Jean Marais, French actor and director (b. 1913)
• 1999 – Lester Bowie, American trumpet player and composer (b. 1941)
• 1999 – Leon Štukelj, Slovenian gymnast and judge (b. 1898)
• 2001 – Aristidis Moschos, Greek santouri player and educator (b. 1930)
• 2002 – Jon Elia, Pakistani poet, philosopher, and scholar (b. 1931)
• 2003 – Bob Grant, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1932)
• 2003 – C.Z. Guest, American actress, fashion designer, and author (b. 1920)
• 2003 – Guy Speranza, American singer-songwriter (b. 1956)
• 2004 – Peter Mathers, English-Australian author and playwright (b. 1931)
• 2005 – Alekos Alexandrakis, Greek actor and director (b. 1928)
• 2005 – David Westheimer, American soldier and author (b. 1917)
• 2006 – Basil Poledouris, American composer and conductor (b. 1945)
• 2006 – Hannspeter Winter, Austrian physicist and academic (b. 1941)
• 2007 – Aad Nuis, Dutch journalist, poet, and politician (b. 1933)
• 2007 – Dulce Saguisag, Filipino politician, 10th Filipino Secretary of Social Welfare and Development (b. 1943)
• 2007 – Chad Varah, English priest, founded The Samaritans (b. 1911)
• 2009 – Vitaly Ginzburg, Russian physicist and astrophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1916)
• 2010 – Quintin Dailey, American basketball player (b. 1961)
• 2010 – Jack Levine, American soldier and painter (b. 1915)
• 2010 – Emilio Eduardo Massera, Argentinian admiral (b. 1925)
• 2011 – Heavy D, Jamaican-American rapper, producer, and actor (b. 1967)
• 2011 – Bil Keane, American cartoonist (b. 1922)
• 2012 – Lee MacPhail, American businessman (b. 1917)
• 2012 – Pete Namlook, German composer and producer (b. 1960)
• 2012 – Peggy Vaughan, American author (b. 1936)
• 2013 – William C. Davidon, American physicist, mathematician, and academic (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Penn Kimball, American journalist and academic (b. 1915)
• 2013 – Arnold Rosner, American composer (b. 1945)
• 2013 – Chiyoko Shimakura, Japanese singer and actress (b. 1938)
• 2013 – Amanchi Venkata Subrahmanyam, Indian journalist and actor (b. 1957)
• 2014 – Phil Crane, American academic and politician (b. 1930)
• 2014 – Luigi Gorrini, Italian soldier and pilot (b. 1917)
• 2014 – Don Paul, American football player and sportscaster (b. 1925)
• 2014 – Hugo Sánchez Portugal, Spanish-Mexican footballer and sportscaster (b. 1984)
• 2014 – Ernie Vandeweghe, Canadian-American basketball player and physician (b. 1928)
• 2015 – Rhea Chiles, American philanthropist, founded the Polk Museum of Art (b. 1930)
• 2015 – Joseph Cure, American ice hockey player and actor (b. 1984)
• 2015 – Rod Davies, Australian-English astronomer and academic (b. 1930)
• 2015 – Om Prakash Mehra, Indian air marshal and politician (b. 1919)
• 2015 – Maduluwawe Sobitha Thero, Sri Lankan monk and activist (b. 1942)