[edit]

• 637 – Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of the Iron Bridge.
• 758 – Guangzhou is sacked by Arab and Persian pirates.
• 1137 – Battle of Rignano between Ranulf of Apulia and Roger II of Sicily.
• 1270 – The Eighth Crusade and siege of Tunis end by an agreement between Charles I of Sicily (brother to King Louis IX of France, who had died months earlier) and the sultan of Tunis.
• 1340 – Portuguese and Castilian forces halt a Marinid invasion at the Battle of Río Salado.
• 1485 – King Henry VII of England is crowned.
• 1501 – Ballet of Chestnuts: A banquet held by Cesare Borgia in the Papal Palace where fifty prostitutes or courtesans are in attendance for the entertainment of the guests.
• 1657 – Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Ocho Rios during the Anglo-Spanish War.
• 1806 – Believing he is facing a much larger force, Prussian Lieutenant General Friedrich von Romberg, commanding 5,300 men, surrendered the city of Stettin to 800 French soldiers commanded by General Lassalle.
• 1817 – The independent government of Venezuela is established by Simón Bolívar.
• 1831 – In Southampton County, Virginia, escaped slave Nat Turner is captured and arrested for leading the bloodiest slave rebellion in United States history.
• 1863 – Danish Prince Vilhelm arrives in Athens to assume his throne as George I, King of the Hellenes.
• 1864 – Second Schleswig War ends. Denmark renounces all claim to Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg, which come under Prussian and Austrian administration.
• 1864 – Helena, Montana is founded after four prospectors discover gold at "Last Chance Gulch".
• 1888 – Rudd Concession granted by King Lobengula of Matabeleland to agents of Cecil Rhodes led by Charles Rudd.
• 1894 – Domenico Melegatti obtains a patent for a procedure to be applied in producing pandoro industrially.
• 1905 – Czar Nicholas II of Russia issues the October Manifesto, granting the Russian peoples basic civil liberties and the right to form a duma. This was October 17 in the Julian calendar.
• 1918 – The Ottoman Empire signs the Armistice of Mudros with the Allies.
• 1920 – The Communist Party of Australia is founded in Sydney.
• 1925 – John Logie Baird creates Britain's first television transmitter.
• 1929 – The Stuttgart Cable Car is constructed in Stuttgart, Germany.
• 1938 – Orson Welles broadcasts his radio play of H. G. Wells's The War of the Worlds, causing anxiety in some of the audience in the United States.
• 1941 – World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt approves U.S. $1 billion in Lend-Lease aid to the Allied nations.
• 1941 – One thousand and five hundred Jews from Pidhaytsi (in western Ukraine) are sent by Nazis to Bełżec extermination camp.
• 1942 – Lt. Tony Fasson, Able Seaman Colin Grazier and canteen assistant Tommy Brown from HMS Petard board U-559, retrieving material which would lead to the decryption of the German Enigma code.
• 1944 – Anne and Margot Frank are deported from Auschwitz to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where they die from disease the following year, shortly before the end of WWII.
• 1945 – Jackie Robinson of the Kansas City Monarchs signs a contract for the Brooklyn Dodgers to break the baseball color line.
• 1947 – The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which is the foundation of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), is founded.
• 1950 – Pope Pius XII witnesses the "Miracle of the Sun" while at the Vatican.
• 1953 – Cold War: U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally approves the top secret document National Security Council Paper No. 162/2, which states that the United States' arsenal of nuclear weapons must be maintained and expanded to counter the communist threat.
• 1960 – Michael Woodruff performs the first successful kidney transplant in the United Kingdom at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.
• 1961 – The Soviet Union detonates the Tsar Bomba over Novaya Zemlya; equivalent to 57 megatons of TNT, it remains the largest explosive device ever detonated, nuclear or otherwise.
• 1961 – Due to "violations of Vladimir Lenin's precepts", it is decreed that Stalin's body be removed from its place of honour inside Lenin's tomb and buried near the Kremlin Wall with a plain granite marker instead.
• 1965 – English model Jean Shrimpton causes a global sensation by wearing a daring white minidress to Derby Day at Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne, Australia.
• 1965 – Vietnam War: United States Marines repel an intense attack by Viet Cong forces and killing 56 guerrillas near Da Nang.
• 1970 – In Vietnam, the worst monsoon to hit the area in six years causes severe floods, kills 293, leaves 200,000 homeless and virtually halts the Vietnam War.
• 1973 – The Bosphorus Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey is completed, connecting the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosphorus for the second time.
• 1974 – The Rumble in the Jungle boxing match between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman takes place in Kinshasa, Zaire.
• 1975 – Prince Juan Carlos becomes Spain's acting head of state, taking over for the country's ailing dictator, Gen. Francisco Franco.
• 1980 – El Salvador and Honduras sign a peace treaty to put the border dispute fought over in 1969's Football War before the International Court of Justice.
• 1983 – The first democratic elections in Argentina after seven years of military rule are held.
• 1985 – Space Shuttle Challenger lifts off for mission STS-61-A, its final successful mission.
• 1987 – In Japan, NEC releases the first 16-bit (fourth generation) video game console, the PC Engine, which is later sold in other markets under the name TurboGrafx-16.
• 1993 – The Troubles: Loyalists carry out a mass shooting at a Halloween party in Greysteel, Northern Ireland, killing eight civilians, six Catholics and two Protestants.
• 1995 – Quebec citizens narrowly vote (50.58% to 49.42%) in favour of remaining a province of Canada in their second referendum on national sovereignty.
• 2005 – The rebuilt Dresden Frauenkirche (destroyed in the firebombing of Dresden during World War II) is reconsecrated after a thirteen-year rebuilding project.
• 2014 – Sweden is the first European Union member state to officially recognize the State of Palestine.
• 2015 – 64 people are killed and more than 147 injuries after a fire in a nightclub in the Romanian capital Bucharest.

Births[edit]

• 39 BC – Julia the Elder, Roman daughter of Augustus (d. 14)
• 1218 – Emperor Chūkyō of Japan (d. 1234)
• 1327 – Andrew, Duke of Calabria (d. 1345)
• 1447 – Lucas Watzenrode, Prince-Bishop of Warmia (d. 1512)
• 1492 – Anne d'Alençon, French noblewoman (d. 1562)
• 1513 – Jacques Amyot, French bishop and translator (d. 1593)
• 1558 – Jacques-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force, Marshal of France (d. 1652)
• 1624 – Paul Pellisson, French historian and author (d. 1693)
• 1632 – Christopher Wren, English physicist, mathematician, and architect, designed St Paul's Cathedral (d. 1723)
• 1660 – Ernest August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (d. 1731)
• 1668 – Sophia Charlotte of Hanover (d. 1705)
• 1712 – Giovanni Pietro Francesco Agius de Soldanis, Maltese linguist, historian and cleric (d. 1770)
• 1735 – John Adams, American lawyer and politician, 2nd President of the United States (d. 1826)
• 1751 – Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish-English poet, playwright, and politician, Treasurer of the Navy (d. 1816)
• 1762 – André Chénier, Turkish-French poet and playwright (d. 1794)
• 1786 – Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspé, Canadian captain and author (d. 1871)
• 1799 – Ignace Bourget, Canadian bishop (d. 1885)
• 1839 – Alfred Sisley, French-English painter (d. 1899)
• 1857 – Georges Gilles de la Tourette, French-Swiss physician and neurologist (d. 1904)
• 1861 – Antoine Bourdelle, French sculptor and painter (d. 1929)
• 1871 – Buck Freeman, American baseball player (d. 1949)
• 1871 – Paul Valéry, French poet and philosopher (d. 1945)
• 1873 – Francisco I. Madero, Mexican businessman and politician, 33rd President of Mexico (d. 1913)
• 1877 – Hugo Celmiņš, Latvian politician, Prime Minister of Latvia (d. 1941)
• 1881 – Elizabeth Madox Roberts, American poet and author (d. 1941)
• 1882 – Oldřich Duras, Czech chess player and composer (d. 1957)
• 1882 – William Halsey, Jr., American admiral (d. 1959)
• 1882 – Günther von Kluge, Polish-German field marshal (d. 1944)
• 1885 – Ezra Pound, American poet and critic (d. 1972)
• 1886 – Zoë Akins, American author, poet, and playwright (d. 1958)
• 1887 – Sukumar Ray, Indian-Bangladeshi author, poet, and playwright (d. 1923)
• 1888 – Louis Menges, American soccer player, soldier, and politician (d. 1969)
• 1888 – Konstantinos Tsiklitiras, Greek footballer and high jumper (d. 1913)
• 1893 – Charles Atlas, Italian-American bodybuilder (d. 1972)
• 1893 – Roland Freisler, German soldier, lawyer, and judge (d. 1945)
• 1894 – Jean Rostand, French biologist and philosopher (d. 1977)
• 1894 – Peter Warlock, English composer and critic (d. 1930)
• 1895 – Gerhard Domagk, German pathologist and bacteriologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964)
• 1895 – Dickinson W. Richards, American physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
• 1896 – Ruth Gordon, American actress and screenwriter (d. 1985)
• 1896 – Kostas Karyotakis, Greek poet and educator (d. 1928)
• 1896 – Harry Randall Truman, American soldier (d. 1980)
• 1896 – Antonino Votto, Italian conductor (d. 1985)
• 1897 – Rex Cherryman, American actor (d. 1928)
• 1897 – Agustín Lara, Mexican singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1970)
• 1898 – Bill Terry, American baseball player and manager (d. 1989)
• 1900 – Ragnar Granit, Finnish-Swedish physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
• 1905 – Johnny Miles, English-Canadian runner (d. 2003)
• 1906 – Giuseppe Farina, Italian race car driver (d. 1966)
• 1906 – Hermann Fegelein, German general (d. 1945)
• 1906 – Alexander Gode, German-American linguist and translator (d. 1970)
• 1907 – Sol Tax, American anthropologist and academic (d. 1995)
• 1908 – Patsy Montana, American singer-songwriter and actress (d. 1996)
• 1908 – U. Muthuramalingam Thevar, Indian dangerous politician (d. 1963)
• 1908 – Peter Smith, English cricketer (d. 1967)
• 1908 – Dmitry Ustinov, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1984)
• 1909 – Homi J. Bhabha, Indian-French physicist and academic (d. 1966)
• 1910 – Luciano Sgrizzi, Italian-Monacan organist and composer (d. 1994)
• 1911 – Ruth Hussey, American actress (d. 2005)
• 1914 – Richard E. Holz, American minister and composer (d. 1986)
• 1914 – Leabua Jonathan, Basotho lawyer and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Lesotho (d. 1987)
• 1914 – Anna Wing, English actress (d. 2013)
• 1915 – Léon-Joseph Chavalliaud, French sculptor and educator (d. 1923)
• 1915 – Fred W. Friendly, American journalist and producer (d. 1998)
• 1915 – Jane Randolph, American-Swiss actress and singer (d. 2009)
• 1916 – Leon Day, American baseball player (d. 1995)
• 1917 – Bobby Bragan, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 2010)
• 1917 – Minni Nurme, Estonian writer and poet (d. 1994)
• 1917 – Nikolai Ogarkov, Russian field marshal (d. 1994)
• 1917 – Maurice Trintignant, French race car driver (d. 2005)
• 1920 – Christy Ring, Irish sportsman (d. 1979)
• 1922 – Jane White, American actress and singer (d. 2011)
• 1924 – John P. Craven, American soldier and engineer (d. 2015)
• 1923 – Gloria Oden, American poet and academic (d. 2011)
• 1925 – Tommy Ridgley, American singer and bandleader (d. 1999)
• 1926 – Jacques Swaters, Belgian race car driver and manager (d. 2010)
• 1927 – Joe Adcock, American baseball player and manager (d. 1999)
• 1928 – Daniel Nathans, American microbiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
• 1929 – Olga Zubarry, Argentinian actress (d. 2012)
• 1930 – Néstor Almendros, Spanish-American director and cinematographer (d. 1992)
• 1930 – Christopher Foster, English economist and academic
• 1930 – Clifford Brown, American trumpet player and composer (d. 1956)
• 1930 – Don Meineke, American basketball player (d. 2013)
• 1931 – Vince Callahan, American lieutenant and politician (d. 2014)
• 1931 – David M. Wilson, Manx archaeologist, historian, and curator
• 1932 – Barun De, Indian historian and author (d. 2013)
• 1932 – Louis Malle, French director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1995)
• 1933 – Col Campbell, New Zealand gardener and television host (d. 2012)
• 1934 – Keith Barnes, Welsh-Australian rugby player and coach
• 1934 – Frans Brüggen, Dutch flute player and conductor (d. 2014)
• 1935 – Robert Caro, American journalist and author
• 1935 – Agota Kristof, Hungarian-Swiss author (d. 2011)
• 1935 – Jim Perry, American baseball player
• 1935 – Michael Winner, English director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013)
• 1936 – Polina Astakhova, Ukrainian gymnast and trainer (d. 2005)
• 1936 – Dick Vermeil, American football player and coach
• 1937 – Claude Lelouch, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1937 – Brian Price, Welsh rugby player
• 1938 – Morris Lurie, Australian novelist, short story writer, and playwright (d. 2014)
• 1939 – Jean Chapman, English author
• 1939 – Harvey Goldstein, English statistician and academic
• 1939 – Leland H. Hartwell, American biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1939 – Eddie Holland, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1939 – Grace Slick, American singer-songwriter and model
• 1941 – Marcel Berlins, French-English lawyer, journalist, and academic
• 1941 – Aleksandr Dulichenko, Russian-Estonian linguist and academic
• 1941 – Theodor W. Hänsch, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1941 – Otis Williams, American singer-songwriter and producer (The Temptations)
• 1941 – Bob Wilson, English footballer and sportscaster
• 1942 – Sven-David Sandström, Swedish composer and historian
• 1943 – Paul Claes, Belgian poet and translator
• 1943 – Joanna Shimkus, Canadian actress
• 1943 – David Triesman, Baron Triesman, English union leader and politician
• 1944 – Ahmed Chalabi, Iraqi businessman and politician (d. 2015)
• 1945 – Henry Winkler, American actor, comedian, director, and producer
• 1946 – Robert L. Gibson, American captain, pilot, and astronaut
• 1946 – Andrea Mitchell, American journalist
• 1946 – Anthony Shorrocks, English economist, author, and academic
• 1946 – Chris Slade, Welsh drummer
• 1947 – Glenn Andreotta, American soldier (d. 1968)
• 1947 – Timothy B. Schmit, American singer-songwriter and bass player
• 1947 – Herschel Weingrod, American screenwriter and producer
• 1948 – Richard Alston, English dancer and choreographer
• 1948 – Garry McDonald, Australian actor and screenwriter
• 1949 – Larry Gene Bell, American murderer (d. 1996)
• 1950 – Tim Sheens, Australian rugby league player and coach
• 1951 – Tony Bettenhausen, Jr., American race car driver and businessman (d. 2000)
• 1951 – Trilok Gurtu, Indian drummer and songwriter
• 1951 – Harry Hamlin, American actor
• 1951 – Poncho Sanchez, American singer and conga player
• 1953 – Pete Hoekstra, Dutch-American lawyer and politician
• 1953 – Charles Martin Smith, American actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1954 – Mahmoud El Khatib, Egyptian footballer
• 1954 – T. Graham Brown, American country singer-songwriter
• 1954 – Jeannie Kendall, American country singer-songwriter
• 1954 – Mario Testino, Peruvian-English photographer
• 1955 – Heidi Heitkamp, American lawyer and politician, 28th Attorney General of North Dakota
• 1956 – Juliet Stevenson, English actress
• 1957 – Shlomo Mintz, Israeli violinist and conductor
• 1957 – Kevin Pollak, American actor, game show host, and producer
• 1958 – Olav Dale, Norwegian saxophonist and composer (Bergen Big Band) (d. 2014)
• 1958 – Joe Delaney, American football player (d. 1983)
• 1958 – Stefan Dennis, Australian actor and singer
• 1958 – Ramona d'Viola, American cyclist and photographer
• 1959 – Vincent Lagaf', French actor, singer, and game show host
• 1960 – Charnele Brown, American actress and singer
• 1960 – Diego Maradona, Argentinian footballer, coach, and manager
• 1961 – Scott Garrelts, American baseball player
• 1961 – Giorgos Papakonstantinou, Greek economist and politician, Greek Minister of Finance
• 1961 – Larry Wilmore, American comedian and television host
• 1962 – Danny Tartabull, Puerto Rican baseball player
• 1962 – Courtney Walsh, Jamaican cricketer
• 1963 – Michael Beach, American actor and producer
• 1963 – Rebecca Heineman, American video game designer and programmer
• 1963 – Andrew Solomon, American-English journalist and author
• 1963 – Mike Veletta, Australian cricketer and coach
• 1963 – Kristina Wagner, American actress
• 1964 – Adnan Al Talyani, Emirati footballer
• 1964 – Humayun Kabir Dhali, Bangladeshi journalist and author
• 1964 – Howard Lederer, American poker player
• 1965 – Gavin Rossdale, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1967 – Brad Aitken, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1967 – Leonidas Kavakos, Greek violinist and conductor
• 1968 – Emmanuelle Claret, French biathlete (d. 2013)
• 1968 – Jack Plotnick, American actor, director, and producer
• 1968 – Ken Stringfellow, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1969 – Stanislav Gross, Czech lawyer and politician, 5th Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (d. 2015)
• 1969 – Masanori Hikichi, Japanese composer
• 1969 – Snow, Canadian rapper and reggae singer-songwriter
• 1969 – Vangelis Vourtzoumis, Greek basketball player
• 1970 – Ben Bailey, American comedian and game show host
• 1970 – Tory Belleci, American visual effects designer and television host
• 1970 – Christine Bersola-Babao, Filipino journalist and actress
• 1970 – Nia Long, American actress
• 1970 – Ekaterini Voggoli, Greek discus thrower
• 1971 – Fredi Bobic, Slovenian-German footballer and manager
• 1971 – Tzanis Stavrakopoulos, Greek basketball player
• 1971 – Suzan van der Wielen, Dutch field hockey player
• 1972 – Jessica Hynes, English actress, producer, and screenwriter
• 1973 – Michael Buettner, Australian rugby league player and official
• 1973 – Silvia Corzo, Colombian lawyer and journalist
• 1973 – Edge, Canadian wrestler and actor
• 1973 – Michael Oakes, English footballer and manager
• 1973 – Raci Şaşmaz, Turkish actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1975 – Ian D'Sa, English-Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1975 – Marco Scutaro, Venezuelan baseball player
• 1976 – Stern John, Trinidadian footballer
• 1976 – Ümit Özat, Turkish footballer and manager
• 1976 – Maurice Taylor, American basketball player
• 1978 – Martin Dossett, American football player
• 1978 – Stephanie Izard, American chef
• 1978 – Matthew Morrison, American singer-songwriter and actor
• 1978 – Daniel Poulter, English physician and politician
• 1978 – Derren Witcombe, New Zealand rugby player and cricketer
• 1979 – Jason Bartlett, American baseball player
• 1980 – Choi Hong-man, South Korean wrestler and mixed martial artist
• 1980 – Kareem Rush, American basketball player
• 1980 – Rich Alvarez, Filipino-Japanese basketball player
• 1981 – Joshua Jay, American magician and author
• 1981 – Jun Ji-hyun, South Korean model and actress
• 1981 – Ayaka Kimura, Japanese singer and actress
• 1981 – Ian Snell, American baseball player
• 1981 – Ivanka Trump, American model and businesswoman
• 1982 – Stalley, American rapper
• 1982 – Andy Greene, American ice hockey player
• 1982 – Manny Parra, American baseball player
• 1983 – Trent Edwards, American football player
• 1983 – Iain Hume, Scottish-Canadian footballer
• 1983 – Maor Melikson, Israeli footballer
• 1984 – Eva Marcille, American model and actress
• 1984 – David Mooney, Irish footballer
• 1984 – Isaac Ross, New Zealand rugby player
• 1984 – Tyson Strachan, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1985 – Ragnar Klavan, Estonian footballer
• 1986 – Thomas Morgenstern, Austrian ski jumper
• 1986 – Keisuke Sohma, Japanese actor
• 1987 – Ali Riley, New Zealand footballer
• 1987 – Danielle Fong, Canadian entrepreneur, co-founder and Chief Scientist of LightSail Energy
• 1988 – Janel Parrish, American actress and singer
• 1989 – Ashley Barnes, Austrian-English footballer
• 1989 – Nastia Liukin, Russian-American gymnast and actress
• 1990 – Suwaibou Sanneh, Gambian sprinter
• 1992 – Matt Parcell, Australian rugby league player
• 1992 – Camila Silva, Chilean tennis player
• 1993 – Marcus Mariota, American football player
• 1994 – Mia Eklund, Finnish tennis player
• 1996 – Devin Booker, American basketball player

Deaths[edit]

• 526 – Paul of Edessa, Syrian Orthodox bishop of Edessa
• 1137 – Sergius VII, Duke of Naples
• 1282 – Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer
• 1282 – Ibn Khallikan, Iraqi scholar and judge (b. 1211)
• 1459 – Poggio Bracciolini, Italian scholar and translator (b. 1380)
• 1466 – Johann Fust, German printer (b. c. 1400)
• 1522 – Jean Mouton, French composer and educator (b. 1459)
• 1553 – Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck, German politician (b. 1489)
• 1602 – Jean-Jacques Boissard, French poet and illustrator (b. 1528)
• 1611 – Charles IX of Sweden (b. 1550)
• 1626 – Willebrord Snell, Dutch astronomer and mathematician (b. 1580)
• 1632 – Henri II de Montmorency, French admiral and politician (b. 1595)
• 1654 – Emperor Go-Kōmyō of Japan (b. 1633)
• 1680 – Antoinette Bourignon, French-Flemish mystic (b. 1616)
• 1685 – Michel Le Tellier, French lawyer and politician, French Secretary of State for War (b. 1603)
• 1690 – Hieronymus van Beverningh, Dutch diplomat and politician (b. 1614)
• 1730 – Nedîm, Turkish poet (b. 1681)
• 1757 – Osman III, Ottoman sultan (b. 1699)
• 1757 – Edward Vernon, English admiral and politician (b. 1684)
• 1809 – William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1738)
• 1816 – Frederick I of Württemberg (b. 1754)
• 1842 – Allan Cunningham, Scottish author and poet (b. 1784)
• 1853 – Pietro Raimondi, Italian composer (b. 1786)
• 1882 – William Forster, Indian-Australian politician, 4th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1818)
• 1883 – Dayananda Saraswati, Indian philosopher and scholar (b. 1824)
• 1883 – Robert Volkmann, German pianist and composer (b. 1815)
• 1893 – John Abbott, Canadian lawyer and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821)
• 1894 – Honoré Mercier, Canadian lawyer and politician, 9th Premier of Quebec (b. 1840)
• 1895 – James Patterson, English-Australian politician, 17th Premier of Victoria (b. 1833)
• 1896 – Carol Benesch, Czech architect, designed Peleș Castle (b. 1822)
• 1899 – William H. Webb, American shipbuilder and philanthropist (b. 1816)
• 1905 – Boyd Dunlop Morehead, Australian politician, 10th Premier of Queensland (b. 1843)
• 1910 – Henry Dunant, Swiss activist, founded the Red Cross, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1828)
• 1912 – Alejandro Gorostiaga, Chilean colonel (b. 1840)
• 1912 – James S. Sherman, American lawyer and politician, 27th Vice President of the United States (b. 1855)
• 1915 – Charles Tupper, Canadian physician, lawyer, and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821)
• 1917 – Talbot Mercer Papineau, Canadian lawyer and soldier (b. 1883)
• 1919 – Ella Wheeler Wilcox, American author and poet (b. 1850)
• 1923 – Andrew Bonar Law, Canadian-English banker and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1858)
• 1933 – Svend Kornbeck, Danish actor (b. 1869)
• 1942 – Walter Buckmaster, English polo player and stockbroker, co-founded Buckmaster & Moore (b. 1872)
• 1957 – Fred Beebe, American baseball player and coach (b. 1880)
• 1961 – Luigi Einaudi, Italian economist and politician, 2nd President of the Italian Republic (b. 1874)
• 1963 – U. Muthuramalingam Thevar, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1908)
• 1965 – Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr., American historian and author (b. 1888)
• 1966 – Yiorgos Theotokas, Greek author and playwright (b. 1906)
• 1968 – Ramon Novarro, Mexican-American actor, singer, and director (b. 1899)
• 1968 – Conrad Richter, American journalist and novelist (b. 1890)
• 1968 – Rose Wilder Lane, American journalist and author (b. 1886)
• 1973 – Ants Lauter, Estonian actor and director (b. 1894)
• 1975 – Gustav Ludwig Hertz, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887)
• 1979 – Barnes Wallis, English scientist and engineer, invented the "bouncing bomb" (b. 1887)
• 1982 – Iryna Vilde, Ukrainian author and educator (b. 1907)
• 1987 – Joseph Campbell, American mythologist, scholar, and author (b. 1904)
• 1988 – T. Hee, American animator and screenwriter (b. 1911)
• 1998 – Florence Nagle, English trainer and breeder of racehorses (b. 1894)
• 1990 – V. Shantaram, Indian actor, director, and producer (b. 1901)
• 1992 – Joan Mitchell, American painter (b. 1925)
• 1993 – Paul Grégoire, Canadian cardinal (b. 1911)
• 1996 – John Young, Scottish actor (b. 1916)
• 1997 – Samuel Fuller, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1912)
• 1999 – Maigonis Valdmanis, Latvian basketball player (b. 1933)
• 2000 – Steve Allen, American actor, television personality, game show panelist, and talk show host (b. 1921)
• 2002 – Juan Antonio Bardem, Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1922)
• 2002 – Jam Master Jay, American rapper and producer (b. 1965)
• 2003 – Steve O'Rourke, English race car driver and manager (b. 1940)
• 2004 – Phyllis Frost, Australian philanthropist, founded Keep Australia Beautiful (b. 1917)
• 2004 – Peggy Ryan, American actress and dancer (b. 1924)
• 2005 – Al López, American baseball player and manager (b. 1908)
• 2005 – Shamsher Singh Sheri, Indian politician (b. 1942)
• 2006 – Clifford Geertz, American anthropologist and author (b. 1926)
• 2006 – Junji Kinoshita, Japanese playwright and scholar (b. 1914)
• 2007 – Washoe, American chimpanzee (b. 1965)
• 2007 – Robert Goulet, American actor and singer (b. 1933)
• 2007 – Linda S. Stein, American businesswoman and manager (b. 1945)
• 2007 – John Woodruff, American runner and colonel (b. 1915)
• 2008 – Pedro Pompilio, Argentinian businessman (b. 1950)
• 2009 – Claude Lévi-Strauss, French anthropologist and ethnologist (b. 1908)
• 2010 – Harry Mulisch, Dutch author, poet, and playwright (b. 1927)
• 2012 – Franck Biancheri, French politician (b. 1961)
• 2012 – Samina Raja, Pakistani poet and educator (b. 1961)
• 2012 – Dan Tieman, American basketball player and coach (b. 1940)
• 2013 – Bill Currie, American baseball player (b. 1928)
• 2013 – Pete Haycock, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1951)
• 2013 – Michael Palmer, American physician and author (b. 1942)
• 2013 – Frank Wess, American saxophonist and flute player (b. 1922)
• 2014 – Elijah Malok Aleng, Sudanese general and politician (b. 1937)
• 2014 – Renée Asherson, English actress (b. 1915)
• 2014 – Juan Flavier, Filipino physician and politician (b. 1935)
• 2014 – Ida Elizabeth Osbourne, Australian actress and radio host (b. 1916)
• 2014 – Bob Geigel, American wrestler and promoter (b. 1924)
• 2014 – Thomas Menino, American businessman and politician, 53rd Mayor of Boston (b. 1942)
• 2015 – Mel Daniels, American basketball player and coach (b. 1944)
• 2015 – Al Molinaro, American actor (b. 1919)
• 2015 – Sinan Şamil Sam, Turkish boxer (b. 1974)
• 2015 – Norm Siebern, American baseball player and scout (b. 1933)

Paul Newman's watch sells 

for record $18m at auction

Image copyrightPHILLIPS AUCTION HOUSE

A Rolex watch belonging to the late Hollywood star Paul Newman has sold for a record price at auction in New York.

The watch was given to him by his wife Joanne Woodward as they filmed the 1969 movie Winning together.

Newman, who died in 2008 aged 83, later used it to time car races in which he took part.

The stainless steel watch was sold to an unnamed telephone buyer for $17.8m (£13.6m) - much more than the $1m it had initially been expected to fetch.

It is a record for a wristwatch sold at auction, but a Patek Philippe pocket watch sold for more than $24m in 2014.

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

In Winning, Newman played a racing car driver, a role which spurred his interest in the sport. He went on to take part in the 24-hour Le Mans race.

Before giving him the watch, Woodward had it engraved with the words "Drive Carefully, Me." He had been injured in a motorbike accident in 1965.

Woodward bought him a new watch in 1984, and he gave the Daytona Rolex to his daughter's then-boyfriend, James Cox.

Cox put the watch up for auction, and some of the proceeds will go towards the Newman's Own Foundation, the charity set up by Newman in 2005 that receives all the profits from his Newman's Own food range.

“Jingle Bells”

By Mike Stroud, February 2008

1. "JINGLE BELLS" Marker

By Mike Stroud, 2008

2. "Jingle Bells" Marker at Troup Square, Savannah

By Mike Stroud, November 23, 2008

3. "Jingle Bells" Marker, at right

The Unitarian Church in background

By Mike Stroud, February 2008

4. "JINGLE BELLS" The Unitarian Church

The Unitarian Church is a small building on Troup Square between East Harris and East Macon Streets. The front of the church faces Habersham Street. The first congregation disbanded during The War Between TheStates because their abolitionist doctrines ran against the sentiment of the town. The building was used as St. Stephen’s Parish and later became the Savannah Baptist Center. In 1997 the Unitarians reclaimed their original structure, picking up where they left off 137 years earlier. The congregation enjoyed the music of the choirmaster, James L. Pierpont, a transplanted northerner, who composed the classic holiday song “Jingle Bells”.

[edit]

• 475 – Romulus Augustulus is proclaimed Western Roman Emperor.
• 683 – During the Siege of Mecca, the Kaaba catches fire and is burned down.
• 802 – Empress Irene is deposed and banished to Lesbos. Conspirators place Nikephoros, the minister of finance, on the Byzantine throne.
• 1517 – Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses on the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg.
• 1587 – Leiden University Library opens its doors after its founding in 1575.
• 1614 – First performance of Ben Jonson's comedy Bartholomew Fair by the Lady Elizabeth's Men company at the Hope Theatre in London.
• 1822 – Emperor Agustín de Iturbide attempts to dissolve the Congress of the Mexican Empire.
• 1861 – American Civil War: Citing failing health, Union General Winfield Scott resigns as Commander of the United States Army.
• 1863 – The Maori Wars resume as British forces in New Zealand led by General Duncan Cameron begin their Invasion of the Waikato.
• 1864 – Nevada is admitted as the 36th U.S. state.
• 1903 – The Purdue Wreck, a railroad train collision in Indianapolis, kills 17 people, including 14 players of the Purdue University football team.
• 1913 – Dedication of the Lincoln Highway, the first automobile highway across United States.
• 1913 – The Indianapolis Streetcar Strike and subsequent riot begins.
• 1917 – World War I: Battle of Beersheba: The "last successful cavalry charge in history".
• 1918 – World War I: The Aster Revolution terminates the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, and Hungary achieves full sovereignty.
• 1922 – Benito Mussolini is made Prime Minister of Italy
• 1923 – The first of 160 consecutive days of 100° Fahrenheit at Marble Bar, Western Australia.
• 1924 – World Savings Day is announced in Milan, Italy by the Members of the Association at the 1st International Savings Bank Congress (World Society of Savings Banks).
• 1926 – Last issue of the independent Italian newspaper Il Mondo, thereafter suppressed by the Mussolini regime
• 1938 – Great Depression: In an effort to restore investor confidence, the New York Stock Exchange unveils a fifteen-point program aimed to upgrade protection for the investing public.
• 1940 – World War II: The Battle of Britain ends: The United Kingdom prevents a possible German invasion.
• 1941 – After 14 years of work, Mount Rushmore is completed.
• 1941 – World War II: The destroyer USS Reuben James is torpedoed by a German U-boat near Iceland, killing more than 100 U.S. Navy sailors. It is the first U.S. Navy vessel sunk by enemy action in WWII.
• 1943 – World War II: An F4U Corsair accomplishes the first successful radar-guided interception by a United States Navy or Marine Corps aircraft.
• 1956 – Suez Crisis: The United Kingdom and France begin bombing Egypt to force the reopening of the Suez Canal.
• 1961 – In the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin's body is removed from Vladimir Lenin's Tomb.
• 1963 – An propane tank explosion at the Indiana State Fair Coliseum (now the Indiana Farmers Coliseum) in Indianapolis kills 74 people and injures another 400 during an ice skating show.
• 1968 – Vietnam War October surprise: Citing progress with the Paris peace talks, US President Lyndon B. Johnson announces to the nation that he has ordered a complete cessation of "all air, naval, and artillery bombardment of North Vietnam" effective November 1.
• 1973 – Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape. Three Provisional Irish Republican Army members escape from Mountjoy Prison, Dublin aboard a hijacked helicopter that landed in the exercise yard.
• 1979 – Western Airlines Flight 2605 crashes on landing in Mexico City, killing 73 people.
• 1984 – Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi is assassinated by two Sikh security guards. Riots break out in New Delhi and other cities and around 3,000 Sikhs are killed.
• 1996 – TAM Transportes Aéreos Regionais Flight 402 crashes in São Paulo, Brazil, killing 99 people.
• 1998 – Iraq disarmament crisis begins: Iraq announces it would no longer cooperate with United Nations weapons inspectors.
• 1999 – Yachtsman Jesse Martin returns to Melbourne after 11 months of circumnavigating the world, solo, non-stop and unassisted.
• 1999 – EgyptAir Flight 990 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean near Nantucket, killing all 217 people on board.
• 2000 – Soyuz TM-31 launches, carrying the first resident crew to the International Space Station. The ISS has been crewed continuously since then.
• 2000 – Singapore Airlines Flight 006 crashes on takeoff from Taipei, killing 83.
• 2002 – A federal grand jury in Houston, Texas indicts former Enron chief financial officer Andrew Fastow on 78 counts of wire fraud, money laundering, conspiracy and obstruction of justice related to the collapse of his ex-employer.
• 2003 – Mahathir bin Mohamad resigns as Prime Minister of Malaysia and is replaced by Deputy Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, marking an end to Mahathir's 22 years in power.
• 2011 – The global population of humans reaches seven billion. This day is now recognized by the United Nations as the Day of Seven Billion.
• 2014 – During a test flight of VSS Enterprise, a Virgin Galactic experimental spaceflight test vehicle, suffers a catastrophic in-flight breakup and crashes in the Mojave Desert, California,
• 2015 – Metrojet Flight 9268 is bombed over the northern Sinai Peninsula, killing all 224 people on board.

Births[edit]

• 1291 – Philippe de Vitry, French composer, poet, and theorist (d. 1361)
• 1345 – Ferdinand I, king of Portugal (d. 1383)
• 1391 – Edward, king of Portugal (d. 1438)
• 1424 – Władusław III, king of Poland (d. 1444)
• 1445 – Hedwig, Abbess of Quedlinburg, Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg (d. 1511)
• 1472 – Wang Yangming, Chinese Neo-Confucian scholar (d. 1529)
• 1542 – Henriette of Cleves, Duchess of Nevers, Countess of Rethel (d. 1601)
• 1599 – Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles, English politician (d. 1680)
• 1620 – John Evelyn, English gardener and author (d. 1706)
• 1632 – Johannes Vermeer, Dutch painter (d. 1675)
• 1636 – Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria (d. 1679)
• 1638 – Meindert Hobbema, Dutch painter (d. 1709)
• 1686 – Senesino, Italian singer and actor (d. 1758)
• 1692 – Anne Claude de Caylus, French archaeologist and author (d. 1765)
• 1694 – Yeongjo of Joseon (d. 1776)
• 1705 – Pope Clement XIV (d. 1774)
• 1711 – Laura Bassi, Italian physician, physicist, and academic (d. 1778)
• 1714 – Hedvig Taube, Swedish courtier (d. 1744)
• 1724 – Christopher Anstey, English author and poet (d. 1805)
• 1729 – Alonso Núñez de Haro y Peralta, Spanish cleric, Archbishop of Mexico, Viceroy of New Spain (d. 1800)
• 1737 – James Lovell, American educator and politician (d. 1789)
• 1760 – Katsushika Hokusai, Japanese artist and printmaker (d. 1849)
• 1795 – John Keats, English poet (d. 1821)
• 1815 – Thomas Chapman, English-Australian politician, 5th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1884)
• 1815 – Karl Weierstrass, German mathematician and academic (d. 1897)
• 1825 – Charles Lavigerie, French-Algerian cardinal and academic (d. 1892)
• 1831 – Paolo Mantegazza, Italian neurologist, physiologist, and anthropologist (d. 1910)
• 1835 – Adelbert Ames, American general and politician, 27th Governor of Mississippi (d. 1933)
• 1835 – Krišjānis Barons, Latvian linguist and author (d. 1923)
• 1835 – Adolf von Baeyer, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1917)
• 1838 – Luís I of Portugal (d. 1889)
• 1847 – Galileo Ferraris, Italian physicist and engineer (d. 1897)
• 1848 – Boston Custer, American soldier (d. 1876)
• 1849 – Marie Louise Andrews, American story writer and journalist (d. 1891)
• 1851 – Louise of Sweden (d. 1926)
• 1856 – Charles Leroux, American balloonist and skydiver (d. 1889)
• 1860 – Juliette Gordon Low, American scout leader, founded the Girl Scouts of the United States of America (d. 1927)
• 1868 – John Weir Troy, American journalist and politician, 5th Governor of the Territory of Alaska (d. 1942)
• 1875 – Eugene Meyer, American businessman and publisher (d. 1954)
• 1875 – Vallabhbhai Patel, Indian lawyer and politician, 1st Deputy Prime Minister of India (d. 1950)
• 1876 – Natalie Clifford Barney, American poet and playwright (d. 1972)
• 1879 – Karel Hašler, Czech actor, director, and composer (d. 1941)
• 1880 – Julia Peterkin, American author (d. 1961)
• 1880 – Mikhail Tomsky, Soviet politician, member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (d. 1936)
• 1881 – Toshizō Nishio, Japanese general (d. 1960)
• 1883 – Marie Laurencin, French painter and illustrator (d. 1956)
• 1883 – Anthony Wilding, New Zealand tennis player, cricketer, and soldier (d. 1915)
• 1887 – Chiang Kai-shek, Chinese general and politician, 1st President of the Republic of China (Taiwan) (d. 1975)
• 1887 – Newsy Lalonde, Canadian ice hockey player and lacrosse player (d. 1970)
• 1888 – Napoleon Lapathiotis, Greek poet and author (d. 1944)
• 1892 – Alexander Alekhine, Russian chess player and author (d. 1946)
• 1895 – Les Darcy, Australian boxer (d. 1917)
• 1895 – B. H. Liddell Hart, English soldier, historian, and theorist (d. 1970)
• 1896 – Ethel Waters, American singer and actress (d. 1977)
• 1900 – Asbjørg Borgfelt, Norwegian sculptor (d. 1976)
• 1902 – Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Brazilian poet (d. 1987)
• 1902 – Julia Lee, American blues singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1958)
• 1902 – Abraham Wald, Romanian mathematician and economist (d. 1950)
• 1907 – Edgar Sampson, American musician and composer (d. 1973)
• 1908 – Muriel Duckworth, Canadian activist (d. 2009)
• 1912 – Dale Evans, American singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2001)
• 1912 – Ollie Johnston, American animator and voice actor (d. 2008)
• 1914 – John Hugenholtz, Dutch engineer and designer (d. 1995)
• 1915 – Jane Jarvis, American pianist and composer (d. 2010)
• 1916 – Count Carl Johan Bernadotte of Wisborg (d. 2012)
• 1917 – William H. McNeill, Canadian-American historian and author (d. 2016)
• 1917 – Gordon Steege, Australian soldier and pilot (d. 2013)
• 1918 – Ian Stevenson, American psychiatrist and academic (d. 2007)
• 1919 – Daphne Oxenford, English actress (d. 2012)
• 1919 – Magnus Wenninger, American mathematician and author (d. 2017)
• 1920 – Dick Francis, Welsh-Caymanian jockey and author (d. 2010)
• 1920 – Joseph Gelineau, French priest and composer (d. 2008)
• 1920 – Helmut Newton, German-Australian photographer (d. 2004)
• 1920 – Fritz Walter, German footballer (d. 2002)
• 1922 – Barbara Bel Geddes, American actress (d. 2005)
• 1922 – Illinois Jacquet, American saxophonist and composer (d. 2004)
• 1922 – Norodom Sihanouk, Cambodian politician, 1st Prime Minister of Cambodia (d. 2012)
• 1925 – Lawrence A. Cremin, American historian and author (d. 1990)
• 1925 – John Pople, English-American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)
• 1925 – Robert B. Rheault, American colonel (d. 2013)
• 1926 – Jimmy Savile, English radio and television host (d. 2011)
• 1928 – Andrew Sarris, American critic and educator (d. 2012)
• 1929 – William Orchard, Australian water polo player and psychiatrist (d. 2014)
• 1929 – Bud Spencer, Italian swimmer, actor, and screenwriter (d. 2016)
• 1930 – Michael Collins, American general, pilot, and astronaut
• 1930 – Booker Ervin, American saxophonist (d. 1970)
• 1931 – Dan Rather, American journalist
• 1933 – Phil Goyette, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1933 – Iemasa Kayumi, Japanese voice actor (d. 2014)
• 1935 – Dale Brown, American basketball player and coach
• 1935 – Ronald Graham, American mathematician and theorist
• 1935 – David Harvey, English-American geographer and academic
• 1936 – Michael Landon, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1991)
• 1937 – Tom Paxton, American folk music singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1939 – Tom O'Connor, English actor and game show host
• 1939 – Ron Rifkin, American actor
• 1939 – Ali Farka Touré, Malian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2006)
• 1940 – Craig Rodwell, American businessman and activist, founded the Oscar Wilde Bookshop (d. 1993)
• 1940 – Judith Wilcox, Baroness Wilcox, English businesswoman and politician
• 1941 – Dan Alderson, American scientist and academic (d. 1989)
• 1941 – Derek Bell, English race car driver
• 1941 – Sally Kirkland, American actress
• 1941 – Werner Krieglstein, Czech-American philosopher and academic
• 1942 – David Ogden Stiers, American Actor M*A*S*H
• 1943 – Elliott Forbes-Robinson, American race car driver
• 1943 – Paul Frampton, English-American physicist and academic
• 1943 – Aristotelis Pavlidis, Greek politician, 13th Greek Minister for the Aegean and Island Policy
• 1943 – Brian Piccolo, American football player (d. 1970)
• 1945 – Russ Ballard, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1945 – Brian Doyle-Murray, American actor and comedian
• 1945 – Barrie Keeffe, English playwright, screenwriter, and producer
• 1946 – Stephen Rea, Irish actor
• 1947 – Deidre Hall, American actress
• 1947 – Frank Shorter, American runner and sportscaster
• 1947 – Herman Van Rompuy, Belgian academic and politician, 66th Prime Minister of Belgium
• 1948 – Michael Kitchen, English actor and producer
• 1949 – Mart Helme, Estonian journalist and diplomat
• 1949 – Bob Siebenberg, American drummer (Supertramp)
• 1949 – Alison Wolf, English economist and academic
• 1950 – John Candy, Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1994)
• 1950 – Zaha Hadid, Iraqi-English architect and academic, designed the Bridge Pavilion (d. 2016)
• 1950 – Jane Pauley, American journalist
• 1950 – Antonio Taguba, Filipino-American general
• 1951 – Nick Saban, American football player and coach
• 1951 – Dave Trembley, American baseball player, coach, and manager
• 1952 – Bernard Edwards, American bass player, songwriter, and producer (d. 1996)
• 1952 – Joe West, American baseball umpire and actor
• 1953 – John Lucas II, American basketball player and coach
• 1954 – Mari Okamoto, Japanese actress
• 1954 – Ken Wahl, American actor and screenwriter
• 1955 – Michalis Chrisochoidis, Greek lawyer and politician, Greek Minister of Public Order
• 1955 – Susan Orlean, American journalist and author
• 1956 – Bruce Bawer, American poet and critic
• 1956 – Christopher de Leon, Filipino actor, director, producer, and politician
• 1956 – Anders Lago, Swedish lawyer and politician
• 1956 – Charles Moore, English journalist and author
• 1957 – Brian Stokes Mitchell, American singer and actor
• 1957 – Robert Pollard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1959 – Mats Näslund, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1959 – Neal Stephenson, American author
• 1960 – Arnaud Desplechin, French director, cinematographer, and screenwriter
• 1960 – Luis Fortuño, Puerto Rican lawyer and politician, 9th Governor of Puerto Rico
• 1960 – Mike Gallego, American baseball player and coach
• 1960 – Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran
• 1961 – Alonzo Babers, American runner and pilot
• 1961 – Kate Campbell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1961 – Peter Jackson, New Zealand actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1961 – Larry Mullen, Jr., Irish musician, songwriter, and actor
• 1962 – Jonathan Borden, American neurosurgeon and academic
• 1962 – Anna Geifman, American historian, author, and academic
• 1962 – John Giannini, American basketball player and coach
• 1962 – Mari Jungstedt, Swedish journalist and author
• 1962 – Raphael Rabello, Brazilian guitarist and composer (d. 1995)
• 1962 – Dan Wood, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1963 – Mikkey Dee, Swedish hard rock drummer and musician
• 1963 – Johnny Marr, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1963 – Dermot Mulroney, American actor
• 1963 – Rob Schneider, American actor and comedian
• 1963 – Dunga, Brazilian footballer and manager
• 1964 – Frank Bruni, American journalist and critic
• 1964 – Colm Ó Cíosóig, Irish musician (My Bloody Valentine)
• 1964 – Marco van Basten, Dutch footballer and manager
• 1964 – Darryl Worley, American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1965 – Paul du Toit, South African painter and sculptor (d. 2014)
• 1965 – Blue Edwards, American basketball player
• 1965 – Denis Irwin, Irish footballer and journalist
• 1965 – Rob Rackstraw, English voice actor
• 1966 – Ad-Rock, American rapper, producer, and actor
• 1966 – Koji Kanemoto, Japanese wrestler
• 1966 – Annabella Lwin, Anglo-Burmese singer-songwriter (Bow Wow Wow) and record producer
• 1966 – Mike O'Malley, American actor and comedian
• 1967 – Vanilla Ice, American rapper, television personality, and real estate investor
• 1967 – Buddy Lazier, American racing driver
• 1967 – Adam Schlesinger, American bass player, songwriter, and producer
• 1968 – Antonio Davis, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1970 – Linn Berggren, Swedish singer-songwriter (Ace of Base)
• 1971 – Alphonso Ford, American basketball player (d. 2004)
• 1971 – Irina Pantaeva, Russian model and actress
• 1971 – Tom Smith, English-Scottish rugby player and coach
• 1971 – Phil Tataurangi, New Zealand golfer
• 1971 – Ian Walker, English footballer and manager
• 1972 – Shaun Bartlett, South African footballer and manager
• 1972 – Matt Dawson, English rugby player
• 1972 – Grigoris Georgatos, Greek footballer
• 1973 – Paul Abrahams, English footballer and coach
• 1973 – Christopher Bevins, American voice actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1973 – Tim Byrdak, American baseball player
• 1973 – David Dellucci, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1974 – Muzzy Izzet, English-Turkish footballer
• 1974 – Roger Manganelli, Brazilian-American singer-songwriter and bass player
• 1975 – Fabio Celestini, Swiss footballer and manager
• 1975 – Keith Jardine, American mixed martial artist and actor
• 1975 – Johnny Whitworth, American actor and producer
• 1976 – Guti, Spanish footballer
• 1976 – Piper Perabo, American actress and producer
• 1978 – Inka Grings, German footballer and manager
• 1978 – Emmanuel Izonritei, Nigerian boxer
• 1978 – Marek Saganowski, Polish footballer
• 1978 – Martin Verkerk, Dutch tennis player
• 1979 – Ricardo Fuller, Jamaican footballer
• 1979 – Simão Sabrosa, Portuguese footballer
• 1980 – Samaire Armstrong, American model, actress, and fashion designer
• 1980 – Alondra de la Parra, Mexican-American pianist and conductor
• 1980 – Marcel Meeuwis, Dutch footballer
• 1980 – Eddie Kaye Thomas, American actor and voice artist
• 1981 – Irina Denezhkina, Russian author
• 1981 – Steven Hunter, American basketball player
• 1981 – Frank Iero, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1981 – Selina Jen, Taiwanese singer and actress
• 1981 – Mike Napoli, American baseball player
• 1982 – Jordan Bannister, Australian footballer and umpire
• 1982 – Tomáš Plekanec, Czech ice hockey player
• 1983 – Adam Bouska, American photographer and activist, founded the NOH8 Campaign
• 1984 – Pat Murray, American football player
• 1984 – Amanda Pascoe, Australian swimmer
• 1985 – Fanny Chmelar, German alpine skier
• 1986 – Chris Alajajian, Australian race car driver
• 1986 – Christie Hayes, Australian actress and producer
• 1987 – Nick Foligno, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1987 – Jean-Karl Vernay, French race car driver
• 1988 – Cole Aldrich, American basketball player
• 1988 – Sébastien Buemi, Swiss race car driver
• 1988 – Jack Riewoldt, Australian footballer
• 1989 – Josh Hodgson, English rugby league player
• 1989 – Warren Weir, Jamaican sprinter
• 1993 – Nadine Lustre, Filipino actress and singer
• 1995 – Joana Valle Costa, Portuguese tennis player
• 1997 – Marcus Rashford, English footballer
• 1999 – Léa Serna, French figure skater
• 2000 – Willow Smith, American singer, actress, and dancer

Deaths[edit]

• 932 – Al-Muqtadir, Arab caliph (b. 895)
• 994 – Wolfgang of Regensburg, German bishop and saint (b. 934)
• 1147 – Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester, son of Henry I of England (b. 1100)
• 1214 – Eleanor of England, queen of Castile (b. 1163)
• 1320 – Ricold of Monte Croce, Italian Dominican missionary (b. 1242)
• 1448 – John VIII Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1390)
• 1335 – Marie of Évreux, French noblewoman (b. 1303)
• 1517 – Fra Bartolomeo, Italian artist (b. 1472)
• 1641 – Cornelis Jol, Dutch admiral (b. 1597)
• 1659 – John Bradshaw, English lawyer and judge, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (b. 1602)
• 1661 – Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, Ottoman politician, 109th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1575)
• 1723 – Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1642)
• 1732 – Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia (b. 1666)
• 1733 – Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1676)
• 1744 – Leonardo Leo, Italian composer (b. 1694)
• 1768 – Francesco Maria Veracini, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1690)
• 1806 – Kitagawa Utamaro, Japanese artist and printmaker (b. ca. 1753)
• 1860 – Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, Scottish-English admiral and politician (b. 1775)
• 1869 – Charles A. Wickliffe, American politician, 14th Governor of Kentucky (b. 1788)
• 1879 – Jacob Abbott, American author and academic (b. 1803)
• 1879 – Joseph Hooker, American general (b. 1814)
• 1884 – Marie Bashkirtseff, Ukrainian-Russian painter and sculptor (b. 1858)
• 1905 – Bryan O'Loghlen, Irish-Australian politician, 13th Premier of Victoria (b. 1828)
• 1913 – William Evans-Gordon, English soldier and politician (b. 1857)
• 1916 – Charles Taze Russell, American minister (b. 1852)
• 1916 – Huang Xing, Chinese revolutionary leader and statesman (b. 1874)
• 1918 – Egon Schiele, Austrian painter (b. 1890)
• 1920 – Alphonse Desjardins, Canadian businessman (b. 1854)
• 1925 – Max Linder, French actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1883)
• 1925 – Mikhail Frunze, Bolshevik leader during and just prior to the Russian Revolution of 1917 (b. 1885)
• 1926 – Harry Houdini, American magician and stuntman (b. 1874)
• 1929 – António José de Almeida, Portuguese physician and politician, 6th President of Portugal (b. 1866)
• 1929 – Norman Pritchard, Indian-English hurdler and actor (b. 1877)
• 1931 – Octave Uzanne, French journalist and author (b. 1851)
• 1939 – Otto Rank, Austrian psychologist, author, and educator (b. 1884)
• 1952 – Chit Hlaing, Burmese lawyer and politician (b. 1879)
• 1959 – Jean Cabannes, French physicist and academic (b. 1885)
• 1960 – H. L. Davis, American author and poet (b. 1894)
• 1962 – Gabrielle Renaudot Flammarion, French astronomer (b. 1877)
• 1963 – Mesut Cemil, Turkish cellist and composer (b. 1902)
• 1972 – Bill Durnan, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1916)
• 1973 – Malek Bennabi, Algerian philosopher and author (b. 1905)
• 1977 – C. B. Colby, American author and illustrator (b. 1904)
• 1980 – Jan Werich, Czech actor and playwright (b. 1905)
• 1983 – George Halas, American football player and coach (b. 1895)
• 1983 – Sharof Rashidov, Uzbek politician, CPSU Politburo candidate member (b. 1917)
• 1984 – Eduardo De Filippo, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1900)
• 1984 – Indira Gandhi, Indian politician, 3rd Prime Minister of India (b. 1917)
• 1985 – Nikos Engonopoulos, Greek painter and poet (b. 1907)
• 1985 – Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor and singer (b. 1913)
• 1986 – Robert S. Mulliken, American physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1896)
• 1988 – John Houseman, Romanian-born American actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1902)
• 1988 – Alfred Pellan, Canadian painter and academic (b. 1906)
• 1991 – Joseph Papp, American stage director and producer (b. 1921)
• 1992 – Gary Rippingale, English ice hockey player (b. 1974)
• 1993 – Federico Fellini, Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1920)
• 1993 – River Phoenix, American actor and singer (b. 1970)
• 1995 – Rosalind Cash, American actress and singer (b. 1938)
• 1996 – Marcel Carné, French director and screenwriter (b. 1906)
• 1998 – Elmer Vasko, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1935)
• 1998 – María de la Purísima Salvat Romero, Spanish nun and saint (Roman Catholic Church) (b. 1926)
• 1999 – Greg Moore, Canadian race car driver (b. 1975)
• 2000 – Ring Lardner, Jr., American journalist and screenwriter (b. 1915)
• 2000 – Kazuki Watanabe, Japanese songwriter and guitarist (b. 1981)
• 2001 – Régine Cavagnoud, French skier (b. 1970)
• 2002 – Lionel Poilâne, French banker and businessman (b. 1945)
• 2002 – Michail Stasinopoulos, Greek jurist and politician, President of Greece (b. 1903)
• 2002 – Raf Vallone, Italian footballer and actor (b. 1916)
• 2003 – Richard Neustadt, American political scientist and historian (b. 1919)
• 2005 – Hal Anger, American biophysicist and engineer (b. 1920)
• 2006 – P. W. Botha, South African soldier and politician, State President of South Africa (b. 1916)
• 2006 – Peter Fryer, English journalist and author (b. 1927)
• 2006 – Amrita Pritam, Pakistani-Indian author and poet (b. 1919)
• 2007 – Ray Gravell, Welsh rugby player, sportscaster, and actor (b. 1951)
• 2007 – Erdal İnönü, Turkish physicist and politician, Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1926)
• 2008 – Studs Terkel, American historian and author (b. 1912)
• 2009 – Mustafa Mahmud, Egyptian physician and author (b. 1921)
• 2009 – Tom Wheatcroft, English businessman, founded the Donington Grand Prix Exhibition (b. 1922)
• 2009 – Qian Xuesen, Chinese aerodynamicist and academic (b. 1911)
• 2010 – Ted Sorensen, American lawyer, 8th White House Counsel (b. 1928)
• 2011 – Flórián Albert, Hungarian footballer and manager (b. 1941)
• 2011 – Roberto Lippi, Italian race car driver (d. 1926)
• 2012 – Gae Aulenti, Italian architect and designer (b. 1927)
• 2012 – John Fitch, American race car driver and engineer (b. 1917)
• 2012 – John H. Reed, American soldier and politician, 67th Governor of Maine (b. 1921)
• 2013 – Chris Chase, American actress and author (b. 1924)
• 2013 – Gérard de Villiers, French journalist and author (b. 1929)
• 2013 – Trevor Kletz, English chemist and author (b. 1922)
• 2013 – Johnny Kucks, American baseball player (b. 1933)
• 2013 – Andres Narvasa, Filipino lawyer and jurist, 19th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines (b. 1928)
• 2013 – Bobby Parker, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1937)
• 2014 – David Manker Abshire, American commander and diplomat, United States Permanent Representative to NATO (b. 1926)
• 2014 – Michael Alsbury, American engineer and pilot (b. 1975)
• 2014 – John Forzani, Canadian football player and businessman (b. 1947)
• 2014 – Brad Halsey, American baseball player (b. 1981)
• 2014 – Hitoshi Motoshima, Japanese educator and politician (b. 1922)
• 2015 – Gus Savage, American businessman and politician (b. 1925)

Birthplace of Nat “King” Cole

By Mark Hilton, January 12, 2014

1. Birthplace of Nat "King" Cole Marker

By Mark Hilton, January 12, 2014

2. Birthplace of Nat "King" Cole

By Mark Hilton, August 2, 2015

3. Wide shot of the marker and its surroundings.

A ceremony by Alabama State University (ASU) President and others, including the City of Montgomery mayor, was conducted on July 31, 2015 to "recognize" this marker. Work is currently being done to renovate the inside of the building to have the home featured as a museum. ASU officials expect the museum to be completed by 2017.

By Public domain

4. Nat King Cole

[edit]

• 365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities.
• 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freising, which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi (Austria in Old High German).
• 1141 – Empress Matilda's reign as 'Lady of the English' ends with Stephen of Blois regaining the title of King of England.
• 1179 – Philip II is crowned King of France.
• 1214 – The port city of Sinope surrenders to the Seljuq Turks.
• 1348 – The anti-royalist Union of Valencia attacks the Jews of Murviedro on the pretext that they are serfs of the King of Valencia and thus "royalists".
• 1503 – Pope Julius II is elected.
• 1512 – The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, painted by Michelangelo, is exhibited to the public for the first time.
• 1520 – The Strait of Magellan, the passage immediately south of mainland South America connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, is first discovered and navigated by European explorer Ferdinand Magellan during the first recorded circumnavigationvoyage.
• 1555 – French Huguenots establish the France Antarctique colony in present-day Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
• 1570 – The All Saints' Flood devastates the Dutch coast.
• 1604 – William Shakespeare's tragedy Othello is performed for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London.
• 1611 – Shakespeare's play The Tempest is performed for the first time, at Whitehall Palace in London.
• 1612 – During the Time of Troubles, Polish troops are expelled from Moscow's Kitay-gorod by Russian troops under the command of Dmitry Pozharsky (22 October O.S.) .
• 1683 – The British Crown colony of New York is subdivided into 12 counties.
• 1688 – William III of Orange sets out a second time from Hellevoetsluis in the Netherlands to seize the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland from King James II of England during the Glorious Revolution.
• 1755 – In Portugal, Lisbon is totally devastated by a massive earthquake and tsunami, killing between 60,000 and 90,000 people.
• 1765 – The British Parliament enacts the Stamp Act on the Thirteen Colonies in order to help pay for British military operations in North America.
• 1790 – Edmund Burke publishes Reflections on the Revolution in France, in which he predicts that the French Revolution will end in a disaster.
• 1800 – John Adams becomes the first President of the United States to live in the Executive Mansion (later renamed the White House).
• 1805 – Napoleon Bonaparte invades Austria during the War of the Third Coalition.
• 1814 – Congress of Vienna opens to re-draw the European political map after the defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars.
• 1848 – In Boston, Massachusetts, the first medical school for women, Boston Female Medical School (which later merged with the Boston University School of Medicine), opens.
• 1861 – American Civil War: U.S. President Abraham Lincoln appoints George B. McClellan as the commander of the Union Army, replacing General Winfield Scott.
• 1870 – In the United States, the Weather Bureau (later renamed the National Weather Service) makes its first official meteorological forecast.
• 1884 – The Gaelic Athletic Association is set up in Hayes's Hotel in Thurles, County Tipperary.
• 1894 – Nicholas II becomes the new (and last) Tsar of Russia after his father, Alexander III, dies.
• 1894 – Thomas Edison films American sharpshooter Annie Oakley, which is instrumental in her hiring by Buffalo Bill for his Wild West Show.
• 1896 – A picture showing the bare breasts of a woman appears in National Geographic magazine for the first time.
• 1897 – The first Library of Congress building opens its doors to the public; the library had previously been housed in the Congressional Reading Room in the U.S. Capitol.
• 1901 – Sigma Phi Epsilon, the largest national male collegiate fraternity, is established at Richmond College, in Richmond, Virginia.
• 1911 – World's first combat aerial bombing mission takes place in Libya during the Italo-Turkish War. Second Lieutenant Giulio Gavotti of Italy drops several small bombs.
• 1914 – World War I: The first British Royal Navy defeat of the war with Germany, the Battle of Coronel, is fought off of the western coast of Chile, in the Pacific, with the loss of HMS Good Hope and HMS Monmouth.
• 1914 – World War I: The Australian Imperial Force (AIF) departed by ship in a single convoy from Albany, Western Australia bound for Egypt.
• 1916 – Pavel Milyukov delivers in the State Duma the famous "stupidity or treason" speech, precipitating the downfall of the government of Boris Stürmer.
• 1918 – Malbone Street Wreck: The worst rapid transit accident in US history occurs under the intersection of Malbone Street and Flatbush Avenue, Brooklyn, New York City, with at least 102 deaths.
• 1918 – Western Ukraine separates from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
• 1920 – American fishing schooner Esperanto defeats the Canadian fishing schooner Delawana in the First International Fishing Schooner Championship Races in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
• 1922 – Abolition of the Ottoman sultanate: The last sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed VI, abdicates.
• 1928 – The Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the Turkish Alphabet, replaces the Arabic alphabet with the Latin alphabet.
• 1937 – Stalinists execute Pastor Paul Hamberg and seven members of Azerbaijan's Lutheran community.
• 1938 – Seabiscuit defeats War Admiral in an upset victory during a match race deemed "the match of the century" in horse racing.
• 1941 – American photographer Ansel Adams takes a picture of a moonrise over the town of Hernandez, New Mexico that would become one of the most famous images in the history of photography.
• 1942 – World War II: Matanikau Offensive begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign and ends three days later with an American victory.
• 1943 – World War II: In the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, United States Marines, the 3rd Marine Division, land on Bougainville in the Solomon Islands.
• 1943 – World War II: In support of the landings on Bougainville, U.S. aircraft carrier forces attack the huge Japanese base at Rabaul.
• 1944 – World War II: Units of the British Army land at Walcheren in the Netherlands.
• 1944 – World War II: A United States Army Air Forces F-13 Superfortress conducted the first flight by an Allied aircraft over the Tokyo region of Japan since the 1942 Doolittle Raid.
• 1945 – The official North Korean newspaper, Rodong Sinmun, is first published under the name Chongro.
• 1948 – Six thousand people die when a Chinese merchant ship explodes and sinks off southern Manchuria.
• 1948 – Athenagoras I, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, is enthroned.
• 1950 – Puerto Rican nationalists Griselio Torresola and Oscar Collazo attempt to assassinate US President Harry S. Truman at Blair House.
• 1950 – Pope Pius XII claims papal infallibility when he formally defines the dogma of the Assumption of Mary.
• 1951 – Operation Buster–Jangle: Six thousand five hundred American soldiers are exposed to 'Desert Rock' atomic explosions for training purposes in Nevada. Participation is not voluntary.
• 1952 – The United States successfully detonates Ivy Mike, the first thermonuclear device, at the Eniwetok atoll. The explosion had a yield of ten megatons TNT equivalent.
• 1954 – The Front de Libération Nationale fires the first shots of the Algerian War of Independence.
• 1955 – The bombing of United Airlines Flight 629 occurs near Longmont, Colorado, killing all 39 passengers and five crew members aboard the Douglas DC-6B airliner.
• 1956 – The Indian states Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and Mysore are formally created under the States Reorganisation Act; Kanyakumari district is joined to Tamil Nadu from Kerala.
• 1956 – The Springhill mining disaster in Springhill, Nova Scotia kills 39 miners; 88 are rescued.
• 1957 – The Mackinac Bridge, the world's longest suspension bridge between anchorages at the time, opens to traffic connecting Michigan's upper and lower peninsulas.
• 1960 – While campaigning for President of the United States, John F. Kennedy announces his idea of the Peace Corps.
• 1963 – The Arecibo Observatory in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, with the largest radio telescope ever constructed, officially opens.
• 1963 – The 1963 South Vietnamese coup begins
• 1968 – The Motion Picture Association of America's film rating system is officially introduced, originating with the ratings G, M, R, and X.
• 1970 – Club Cinq-Sept fire in Saint-Laurent-du-Pont, France kills 146 young people.
• 1973 – Watergate scandal: Leon Jaworski is appointed as the new Watergate Special Prosecutor.
• 1973 – The Indian state of Mysore is renamed as Karnataka to represent all the regions within Karunadu.
• 1979 – In Bolivia, Colonel Alberto Natusch executes a bloody coup d'état against the constitutional government of Wálter Guevara.
• 1981 – Antigua and Barbuda gains independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1982 – Honda becomes the first Asian automobile company to produce cars in the United States with the opening of its factory in Marysville, Ohio; a Honda Accord is the first car produced there.
• 1984 – After the assassination of Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India on 31 October 1984, by two of her Sikh bodyguards, anti-Sikh riots erupts.
• 1993 – The Maastricht Treaty takes effect, formally establishing the European Union.
• 2000 – The Republic of Serbia and Montenegro joins the United Nations.
• 2012 – A fuel tank truck crashes and explodes in the Saudi Arabian capital Riyadh, killing 26 people and injuring 135.

Births[edit]

• 846 – Louis the Stammerer, Frankish king (d. 879)
• 1339 – Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria (d. 1365)
• 1351 – Leopold III, Duke of Austria (d. 1386)
• 1419 – Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (d. 1485)
• 1498 – Giovanni Ricci, Italian cardinal (d. 1574)
• 1499 – Rodrigo of Aragon, Italian noble (d. 1512)
• 1522 – Andrew Corbet, English landowner and politician (d. 1578)
• 1526 – Catherine Jagiellon, queen of John III of Sweden (d. 1583)
• 1527 – William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham, English noble and politician (d. 1597)
• 1530 – Étienne de La Boétie, French philosopher and judge (d. 1563)
• 1539 – Pierre Pithou, French lawyer and scholar (d. 1596)
• 1549 – Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain (d. 1580)
• 1550 – Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg, Prince-Archbishop of Bremen, Prince-Bishop of Osnabruck and Paderborn (d. 1585)
• 1567 – Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, 1st Count of Gondomar, Spanish academic and diplomat (d. 1626)
• 1585 – Jan Brożek, Polish mathematician, physician, and astronomer (d. 1652)
• 1596 – Pietro da Cortona, Italian painter (d. 1669)
• 1607 – Georg Philipp Harsdörffer, German poet and translator (d. 1658)
• 1609 – Matthew Hale, Lord Chief Justice of England (d. 1676)
• 1611 – François-Marie, comte de Broglie, Italian-French commander (d. 1656)
• 1625 – Oliver Plunkett, Irish archbishop and saint (d. 1681)
• 1636 – Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (d. 1711)
• 1643 – John Strype, English priest, historian, and author (d. 1737)
• 1661 – Florent Carton Dancourt, French actor and playwright (d. 1725)
• 1666 – James Sherard, English botanist and curator (d. 1738)
• 1720 – Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte, French admiral (d. 1791)
• 1727 – Ivan Shuvalov, Russian art collector and philanthropist (d. 1797)
• 1757 – Antonio Canova, Italian sculptor and educator (d. 1822)
• 1762 – Spencer Perceval, English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1812)
• 1769 – Garlieb Merkel, German author and activist (d. 1850)
• 1778 – Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (d. 1837)
• 1782 – F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1859)
• 1808 – John Taylor, English-American religious leader, 3rd President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1887)
• 1831 – Harry Atkinson, English-New Zealand politician, 10th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1892)
• 1838 – 11th Dalai Lama (d. 1856)
• 1839 – Ahmed Muhtar Pasha, Ottoman general and politician, 227th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1919)
• 1847 – Emma Albani, Canadian-English soprano and actress (d. 1930)
• 1847 – Hiệp Hòa, Vietnamese emperor (d. 1883)
• 1849 – William Merritt Chase, American painter and educator (d. 1916)
• 1859 – Charles Brantley Aycock, American educator, lawyer, and politician, 50th Governor of North Carolina (d. 1912)
• 1862 – Johan Wagenaar, Dutch organist and composer (d. 1941)
• 1864 – Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (d. 1918)
• 1871 – Stephen Crane, American poet, novelist, and short story writer (d. 1900)
• 1872 – Louis Dewis, Belgian-French painter (d. 1946)
• 1877 – Roger Quilter, English composer (d. 1953)
• 1878 – Konrad Mägi, Estonian painter and educator (d. 1925)
• 1878 – Carlos Saavedra Lamas, Argentinian academic and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1959)
• 1880 – Sholem Asch, Polish-American author and playwright (d. 1957)
• 1880 – Grantland Rice, American journalist and poet (d. 1954)
• 1880 – Alfred Wegener, German meteorologist and geophysicist (d. 1930)
• 1881 – Perikles Ioannidis, Greek admiral (d. 1965)
• 1886 – Hermann Broch, Austrian-American author and poet (d. 1951)
• 1886 – Sakutarō Hagiwara, Japanese poet and critic (d. 1942)
• 1887 – L.S. Lowry, English painter and illustrator (d. 1976)
• 1888 – George Kenner, German-American painter and illustrator (d. 1971)
• 1888 – Michał Sopoćko, Polish cleric and academic (d. 1975)
• 1889 – Hannah Höch, German painter and photographer (d. 1978)
• 1889 – Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker, English academic and politician, Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)
• 1896 – Edmund Blunden, English author, poet, and critic (d. 1974)
• 1898 – Arthur Legat, Belgian race car driver (d. 1960)
• 1898 – Sippie Wallace, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1986)
• 1902 – Nordahl Grieg, Norwegian journalist, author, poet, and playwright (d. 1943)
• 1902 – Eugen Jochum, German conductor (d. 1987)
• 1903 – Max Adrian, Irish-born British actor (d. 1973)
• 1903 – Edward Greeves, Jr., Australian footballer (d. 1963)
• 1904 – Laura LaPlante, American silent film actress (d. 1996)
• 1905 – Paul-Émile Borduas, Canadian-French painter and educator (d. 1960)
• 1906 – Johnny Indrisano, American boxer (d. 1968)
• 1907 – Maxie Rosenbloom, American boxer (d. 1976)
• 1911 – Mingun Sayadaw, Burmese monk and scholar (d. 1993)
• 1911 – Henri Troyat, French historian and author (d. 2007)
• 1912 – Gunther Plaut, German-Canadian rabbi and author (d. 2012)
• 1914 – Moshe Teitelbaum, Romanian-American rabbi (d. 2006)
• 1915 – Margaret Taylor-Burroughs, American painter, poet, and educator, co-founded the DuSable Museum of African American History (d. 2010)
• 1917 – Siegfried Jamrowski, Russian-German soldier and pilot (d. 2012)
• 1917 – Clarence E. Miller, American engineer and politician (d. 2011)
• 1918 – Ken Miles, English-American race car driver (d. 1966)
• 1919 – Hermann Bondi, English-Austrian mathematician and cosmologist (d. 2005)
• 1920 – James J. Kilpatrick, American journalist and author (d. 2010)
• 1920 – Ted Lowe, English sportscaster (d. 2011)
• 1921 – John W. Peterson, American pilot and songwriter (d. 2006)
• 1921 – Harald Quandt, German businessman (d. 1967)
• 1922 – George S. Irving, American actor (d. 2016)
• 1923 – Victoria de los Ángeles, Spanish soprano and actress (d. 2005)
• 1923 – Gordon R. Dickson, Canadian-American author (d. 2001)
• 1923 – Menachem Elon, German-Israeli academic and jurist (d. 2013)
• 1923 – Carlos Páez Vilaró, Uruguayan painter and sculptor (d. 2014)
• 1924 – Süleyman Demirel, Turkish engineer and politician, 9th President of Turkey (d. 2015)
• 1924 – Jean-Luc Pépin, Canadian academic and politician, 19th Canadian Minister of Labour (d. 1995)
• 1926 – Stephen Antonakos, Greek-American sculptor (d. 2013)
• 1926 – Betsy Palmer, American actress and game show panelist (d. 2015)
• 1927 – Vic Power, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach (d. 2005)
• 1928 – James Bradford, American weightlifter (d. 2013)
• 1929 – Nicholas Mavroules, American lawyer and politician (d. 2003)
• 1930 – A. R. Gurney, American playwright and author (d. 2017)
• 1930 – Russ Kemmerer, American baseball player and coach (d. 2014)
• 1931 – Yossef Gutfreund, Israeli wrestler and coach (d. 1972)
• 1931 – Shunsuke Kikuchi, Japanese composer
• 1931 – Arne Pedersen, Norwegian footballer and manager (d. 2013)
• 1932 – Al Arbour, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2015)
• 1932 – Francis Arinze, Nigerian cardinal
• 1933 – Antoine Kohn, Luxembourgian footballer and manager (d. 2012)
• 1934 – Umberto Agnelli, Swiss-Italian businessman and politician (d. 2004)
• 1934 – Gillian Knight, English soprano and actress
• 1934 – William Mathias, Welsh pianist and composer (d. 1992)
• 1935 – Gary Player, South African golfer and sportscaster
• 1935 – Edward Said, Palestinian-American theorist, author, and academic (d. 2003)
• 1936 – Eddie Colman, English footballer (d. 1958)
• 1936 – Katsuhisa Hattori, Japanese composer and conductor
• 1936 – Shizuka Kamei, Japanese lawyer and politician
• 1937 – Bill Anderson, American country music singer-songwriter
• 1940 – Roger Kellaway, American pianist and composer
• 1940 – Ramesh Chandra Lahoti, Indian lawyer and jurist, 35th Chief Justice of India
• 1940 – Bruce Grocott, Baron Grocott, English academic and politician
• 1940 – Barry Sadler, American sergeant, author, actor, and singer-songwriter (d. 1989)
• 1941 – Alfio Basile, Argentinian footballer and manager
• 1941 – Robert Foxworth, American actor and director
• 1941 – John Pullin, English rugby player
• 1942 – Larry Flynt, American publisher, founded Larry Flynt Publications
• 1942 – Ralph Klein, Canadian journalist and politician, 12th Premier of Alberta (d. 2013)
• 1942 – Marcia Wallace, American actress and comedian (d. 2013)
• 1943 – Salvatore Adamo, Italian-Belgian singer-songwriter
• 1943 – Jacques Attali, French economist and civil servant
• 1944 – Kinky Friedman, American singer-songwriter and author
• 1944 – Bobby Heenan, American wrestler, manager, and sportscaster (d. 2017)
• 1944 – Oscar Temaru, French-Polynesian soldier and politician, President of French Polynesia
• 1944 – Rafic Hariri, Lebanese businessman and politician 60th Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 2005)
• 1945 – Narendra Dabholkar, Indian author and activist, founded Maharashtra Andhashraddha Nirmoolan Samiti (d. 2013)
• 1945 – John Williamson, Australian singer-songwriter
• 1946 – Ric Grech, British rock musician (d. 1990)
• 1946 – Yuko Shimizu, Japanese graphic designer, created Hello Kitty
• 1947 – Nick Owen, English journalist
• 1947 – Jim Steinman, American songwriter and producer
• 1948 – Phil Myre, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1948 – Amani Abeid Karume, Zanzibar accountant and politician, 6th President of Zanzibar
• 1948 – Bill Woodrow, English sculptor and academic
• 1949 – David Foster, Canadian singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer
• 1949 – Michael D. Griffin, American physicist and engineer
• 1949 – Belita Moreno, American actress and acting coach
• 1950 – Mitch Kapor, American computer programmer and businessman, founded Lotus Software and Electronic Frontier Foundation
• 1950 – Robert B. Laughlin, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1950 – Dan Peek, American singer-songwriter and musician (d. 2011)
• 1951 – Ronald Bell, American singer-songwriter, saxophonist, and producer
• 1951 – Fabrice Luchini, French actor and screenwriter
• 1951 – Craig Serjeant, Australian cricketer and chemist
• 1953 – Jan Davis, American engineer and astronaut
• 1953 – Paul Wellings, English ecologist and academic
• 1955 – Beth Leavel, American actress and singer
• 1955 – Mike Mendoza, English radio host and politician
• 1957 – Lyle Lovett, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1957 – Murray Pierce, New Zealand rugby player
• 1958 – Mark Austin, English journalist
• 1958 – Joe DeRenzo, American drummer, composer, and producer
• 1958 – Robert Hart, English singer-songwriter
• 1959 – Susanna Clarke, English author and educator
• 1960 – Tim Cook, American businessman and engineer, current CEO of Apple Inc.
• 1960 – Fernando Valenzuela, Mexican baseball player, coach, and sportscaster
• 1961 – Louise Boije af Gennäs, Swedish author and screenwriter
• 1961 – Nicky Grist, Welsh race car driver
• 1961 – Calvin Johnson, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1961 – Heng Swee Keat, Singaporean politician
• 1962 – Sharron Davies, English swimmer
• 1962 – Magne Furuholmen, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1962 – Anthony Kiedis, American singer-songwriter
• 1963 – Rick Allen, English rock drummer (Def Leppard)
• 1963 – Nita Ambani, Indian businesswoman
• 1963 – Mark Hughes, Welsh footballer and manager
• 1963 – Big Kenny, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1964 – Sophie B. Hawkins, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1965 – Patrik Ringborg, Swedish conductor
• 1966 – Willie D, American rapper and entrepreneur
• 1966 – Mary Hansen, Australian singer and musician (Stereolab) (d. 2002)
• 1966 – Gary Howell, American businessman and politician
• 1966 – Jeremy Hunt, English businessman and politician, Secretary of State for Health
• 1967 – Tina Arena, Australian singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
• 1967 – Carla van de Puttelaar, Dutch photographer
• 1969 – Tie Domi, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
• 1970 – Sherwin Campbell, Barbadian cricketer
• 1972 – Toni Collette, Australian actress
• 1972 – Paul Dickov, Scottish footballer and manager
• 1972 – Jenny McCarthy, American actress and model
• 1973 – Geoff Horsfield, English footballer and manager
• 1974 – V. V. S. Laxman, Indian cricketer
• 1975 – Bo Bice, American singer and musician
• 1975 – Keryn Jordan, South African footballer (d. 2013)
• 1975 – Megan Wing, Canadian figure skater and coach
• 1976 – Sergei Artyukhin, Russian-Belarusian wrestler (d. 2012)
• 1979 – Milan Dudić, Serbian footballer
• 1979 – Alex Prager, American photographer and director
• 1980 – Bilgin Defterli, Turkish footballer
• 1982 – Bradley Orr, English footballer
• 1982 – Warren Spragg, English-Italian rugby player
• 1983 – Matt Moulson, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1983 – Yuko Ogura, Japanese model and singer
• 1983 – Josh Wicks, American soccer player
• 1983 – Jon Wilkin, English rugby player
• 1984 – Miloš Krasić, Serbian footballer
• 1986 – Penn Badgley, American actor and television personality
• 1986 – Ksenija Balta, Estonian high jumper, sprinter, and heptathlete
• 1988 – Masahiro Tanaka, Japanese baseball player
• 1991 – Eyþór Arnarson, Icelandic skier
• 1991 – Reece Brown, English footballer
• 1991 – Jiang Yuyuan, Chinese gymnast
• 1994 – James Ward-Prowse, English footballer
• 1995 – Margarita Mamun, Russian gymnast

Deaths[edit]

• 934 – Beornstan of Winchester, English bishop
• 970 – Boso of Merseburg, German bishop
• 1038 – Herman I, Margrave of Meissen (b. c. 980)
• 1296 – Guillaume Durand, French bishop and theologian (b. 1230)
• 1319 – Uguccione della Faggiuola, Italian condottieri (b. c. 1250)
• 1324 – John de Halton, Bishop of Carlisle
• 1391 – Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy (b. 1360)
• 1399 – John V, Duke of Brittany (b. 1339)
• 1406 – Joanna, Duchess of Brabant (b. 1322)
• 1423 – Nicholas Eudaimonoioannes, Byzantine diplomat
• 1461 – David of Trebizond (b. 1408)
• 1496 – Filippo Buonaccorsi (Filip Callimachus), Italian humanist writer (b. 1437)
• 1546 – Giulio Romano, Italian painter and architect (b. 1499)
• 1588 – Jean Daurat, French poet and scholar (b. 1508)
• 1596 – Pierre Pithou, French lawyer and scholar (b. 1539)
• 1597 – Edward Kelley, English spirit medium (b. 1555)
• 1629 – Hendrick ter Brugghen, Dutch painter (b. 1588)
• 1642 – Jean Nicolet, French-Canadian explorer (b. 1598)
• 1675 – Guru Tegh Bahadur, 9th Sikh Guru (b. 1621)
• 1676 – Gisbertus Voetius, Dutch minister and theologian (b. 1589)
• 1678 – William Coddington, American judge and politician, 1st Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1601)
• 1700 – Charles II of Spain (b. 1661)
• 1814 – Alexander Samoylov, Russian general and politician, Russian Minister of Justice (b. 1744)
• 1888 – Nikolay Przhevalsky, Russian geographer and explorer (b. 1838)
• 1894 – Alexander III of Russia (b. 1845)
• 1903 – Theodor Mommsen, German archaeologist, journalist, and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1817)
• 1907 – Alfred Jarry, French author and playwright (b. 1873)
• 1938 – Charles Weeghman, American businessman (b. 1874)
• 1942 – Hugo Distler, German organist, composer, and conductor (b. 1908)
• 1952 – Dixie Lee, American singer (b. 1911)
• 1955 – Dale Carnegie, American author and educator (b. 1888)
• 1958 – Yahya Kemal Beyatlı, Turkish poet, author, and diplomat (b. 1884)
• 1962 – Ricardo Rodríguez, Mexican race car driver (b. 1942)
• 1968 – Georgios Papandreou, Greek economist and politician, 134th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1888)
• 1970 – Robert Staughton Lynd, American sociologist and academic (b. 1892)
• 1972 – Waldemar Hammenhög, Swedish author (b. 1902)
• 1972 – Robert MacArthur, Canadian-American ecologist and academic (b. 1930)
• 1972 – Ezra Pound, American poet and critic (b. 1885)
• 1982 – James Broderick, American actor and director (b. 1927)
• 1982 – King Vidor, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1894)
• 1983 – Anthony van Hoboken, Dutch-Swiss musicologist and author (b. 1887)
• 1984 – Norman Krasna, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1909)
• 1985 – Arnold Pihlak, Estonian-English footballer (b. 1902)
• 1985 – Phil Silvers, American actor and comedian (b. 1911)
• 1986 – Serge Garant, Canadian composer and conductor (b. 1929)
• 1987 – René Lévesque, Canadian journalist and politician, 23rd Premier of Quebec (b. 1922)
• 1993 – Severo Ochoa, Spanish-American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
• 1993 – A. N. Sherwin-White, English historian and scholar (b. 1911)
• 1994 – Noah Beery, Jr., American actor (b. 1913)
• 1996 – J. R. Jayewardene, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 2nd President of Sri Lanka (b. 1906)
• 1999 – Theodore Hall, American physicist and spy (b. 1925)
• 1999 – Walter Payton, American football player and race car driver (b. 1954)
• 2000 – George Armstrong, English footballer and manager (b. 1944)
• 2001 – John S. Romanides, Greek priest, author, and educator (b. 1928)
• 2002 – Ekrem Akurgal, Turkish archaeologist and academic (b. 1911)
• 2004 – Mac Dre, American rapper and producer, founded Thizz Entertainment (b. 1970)
• 2004 – Terry Knight, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1943)
• 2005 – Skitch Henderson, American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1918)
• 2005 – Michael Piller, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1948)
• 2006 – Adrienne Shelly, American actress, director, and screenwriter (b. 1966)
• 2006 – William Styron, American novelist and essayist (b. 1925)
• 2007 – S. Ali Raza, Indian director and screenwriter (b. 1922)
• 2007 – Paul Tibbets, American general (b. 1915)
• 2008 – Jacques Piccard, Swiss oceanographer and engineer (b. 1922)
• 2008 – Shakir Stewart, American record producer (b. 1974)
• 2008 – Yma Sumac, Peruvian-American soprano and actress (b. 1922/1923)
• 2009 – Esther Hautzig, Lithuanian-American author (b. 1930)
• 2009 – Endel Laas, Estonian scientist and academic (b. 1915)
• 2009 – Robert H. Rines, American violinist and composer (b. 1922)
• 2010 – Ernesto Presas, Filipino martial artist, founded Kombatan (b. 1945)
• 2010 – Diana Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington (b. 1922)
• 2011 – Cahit Aral, Turkish engineer and politician, Turkish Minister of Industry and Commerce (b. 1927)
• 2012 – Agustín García Calvo, Spanish poet, playwright, and philosopher (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Pascual Pérez, Dominican baseball player (b. 1957)
• 2013 – John Y. McCollister, American lieutenant and politician (b. 1921)
• 2013 – Piet Rietveld, Dutch economist and academic (b. 1952)
• 2014 – Joel Barnett, Baron Barnett, English accountant and politician, Chief Secretary to the Treasury (b. 1923)
• 2014 – Jackie Fairweather, Australian runner and coach (b. 1967)
• 2014 – Abednigo Ngcobo, South African footballer (b. 1950)
• 2014 – Jean-Pierre Roy, Canadian-American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster (b. 1920)
• 2014 – Wayne Static, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1965)
• 2015 – Thomas R. Fitzgerald, American lawyer and judge (b. 1941)
• 2015 – Houston McTear, American sprinter (b. 1957)
• 2015 – Charles Duncan Michener, American entomologist and academic (b. 1918)
• 2015 – Günter Schabowski, German journalist and politician (b. 1929)
• 2015 – Fred Thompson, American actor, lawyer, and politician (b. 1942)