• Σάββατο 1 και Κυριακή 2 Ιουλίου: Σλοβενία - «Ρόουζ Μπερντ» του Γκέρχαρτ Χάουπτμαν / Θέατρο Εταιρείας Μακεδονικών Σπουδών -  1ο Διεθνές Φεστιβάλ Δάσους
• Δευτέρα 3 Ιουλίου: Θέατρο «Piaf! The Show» / Θέατρο Γης
• Τρίτη 4 Ιουλίου: Μουσική Συναυλία υπό την αιγίδα της Περιφέρειας Κεντρικής Μακεδονίας με τους: Λαυρέντη Μαχαιρίτσα, Μπάμπη Στόκα, Δημήτρη Σταρόβας, Παυλίνα Βουλγαράκη και Γιάννη Ζουγανέλη / Θέατρο Γης
• Τρίτη 4 και Τετάρτη 5 Ιουλίου: Ισπανία – «Αllegro ma non troppo» (ή ...αν η αγάπη είναι τυφλή...γιατί μας κοιτάζει;) / Θέατρο Εταιρείας Μακεδονικών Σπουδών - 1ο Διεθνές Φεστιβάλ Δάσους
• Τετάρτη 5 και Πέμπτη 6 Ιουλίου: Ρουμανία - «Τρικυμία» / Θέατρο Δάσους - 1ο Διεθνές Φεστιβάλ Δάσους
• Πέμπτη 6 και Παρασκευή 7 Ιουλίου: Ισραήλ - «Plastic Heroes» του Ariel Doron / Φουαγιέ Εταιρείας Μακεδονικών Σπουδών - 1ο Διεθνές Φεστιβάλ Δάσους
• Κυριακή 9 Ιουλίου: Μουσική «Όλη η Ελλάδα για τον Μίκη» / Θέατρο Γης 
• Δευτέρα 10 και Τρίτη 11 Ιουλίου: Μουσική παράσταση «Ταξίδι στο Σταυρό του Νότου» / Θέατρο Δάσους
• Δευτέρα 10, Τρίτη 11 και Πέμπτη 13 Ιουλίου: Πολωνία – «MEDEAS ON GETTING ACROSS» / Θέατρο Εταιρείας Μακεδονικών Σπουδών - 1ο Διεθνές Φεστιβάλ Δάσους
• Τετάρτη 12 και Πέμπτη 13 Ιουλίου: Πολωνία - «Armine, Sister» / Βασιλικό Θέατρο - 1ο Διεθνές Φεστιβάλ Δάσους
• Πέμπτη 13 Ιουλίου: Ελλάδα - «Κύκλωπας» του Ευριπίδη / Θέατρο Δάσους - 1ο Διεθνές Φεστιβάλ Δάσους
• Δευτέρα 17 και Τρίτη 18 Ιουλίου: Θέατρο «Οιδίπους επί Κολωνώ» του Σοφοκλή / Θέατρο Δάσους
• Τετάρτη 19 Ιουλίου: Θέατρο «Φιλιώ Χαϊδεμένου» / Θέατρο Δάσους
• Δευτέρα 24 και Τρίτη 25 Ιουλίου: «Αλέξης Ζορμπάς» του Νίκου Καζαντζάκη / Θέατρο Δάσους
• Πέμπτη 27 Ιουλίου: Θέατρο «Μήδεια» του Ευριπίδη / Θέατρο Δάσους
• Παρασκευή 28 Ιουλίου: Χορός «Ωραία Κοιμωμένη» / Θέατρο Δάσους

[edit]

• 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
• 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of Italy and Pepin II of Aquitaine.
• 1530 – At the Diet of Augsburg the Augsburg Confession is presented to the Holy Roman Emperor by the Lutheran princes and Electors of Germany.
• 1658 – Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Rio Nuevo during the Anglo-Spanish War.
• 1678 – Venetian Elena Cornaro Piscopia is the first woman awarded a doctorate of philosophy when she graduates from the University of Padua.
• 1741 – Maria Theresa of Austria is crowned Queen of Hungary.
• 1786 – Gavriil Pribylov discovers St. George Island of the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea.
• 1788 – Virginia becomes the tenth state to ratify the United States Constitution.
• 1876 – Battle of the Little Bighorn and the death of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer.
• 1900 – The Taoist monk Wang Yuanlu discovers the Dunhuang manuscripts, a cache of ancient texts that are of great historical and religious significance, in the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang, China.
• 1906 – Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania millionaire Harry Thaw shoots and kills prominent architect Stanford White.
• 1910 – The United States Congress passes the Mann Act, which prohibits interstate transport of females for “immoral purposes”; the ambiguous language would be used to selectively prosecute people for years to come.
• 1910 – Igor Stravinsky's ballet The Firebird is premiered in Paris, bringing him to prominence as a composer.
• 1913 – American Civil War veterans begin arriving at the Great Reunion of 1913.
• 1923 – Capt. Lowell H. Smith and Lt. John P. Richter perform the first ever aerial refueling in a DH.4B biplane
• 1935 – Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Colombia are established.
• 1938 – Dr. Douglas Hyde is inaugurated as the first President of Ireland.
• 1940 – World War II: France officially surrenders to Germany at 01:35.
• 1943 – The Holocaust: Jews in the Częstochowa Ghetto in Poland stage an uprising against the Nazis.
• 1944 – World War II: The Battle of Tali-Ihantala, the largest battle ever fought in the Nordic countries, begins.
• 1944 – World War II: United States Navy and British Royal Navy ships bombard Cherbourg to support United States Army units engaged in the Battle of Cherbourg.
• 1944 – The final page of the comic Krazy Kat is published, exactly two months after its author George Herriman died.
• 1947 – The Diary of a Young Girl (better known as The Diary of Anne Frank) is published.
• 1948 – The Berlin airlift begins.
• 1950 – The Korean War begins with the invasion of South Korea by North Korea.
• 1960 – Two cryptographers working for the United States National Security Agency left for vacation to Mexico, and from there defected to the Soviet Union.
• 1975 – Mozambique achieves independence.
• 1975 – Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declares a state of internal emergency in India.
• 1976 – Missouri Governor Kit Bond issues an executive order rescinding the Extermination Order, formally apologizing on behalf of the state of Missouri for the suffering it had caused to members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
• 1978 – The rainbow flag representing gay pride is flown for the first time during the San Francisco Gay Freedom Day Parade.
• 1981 – Microsoft is restructured to become an incorporated business in its home state of Washington.
• 1984 – American singer Prince releases his most successful studio album Purple Rain.
• 1991 – Croatia and Slovenia declare their independence by referendum from Yugoslavia.
• 1993 – Kim Campbell is sworn in as the first female Prime Minister of Canada.
• 1996 – The Khobar Towers bombing in Saudi Arabia kills 19 U.S. servicemen.
• 1997 – An unmanned Progress spacecraft collides with the Russian space station Mir.
• 1998 – In Clinton v. City of New York, the United States Supreme Court decides that the Line Item Veto Act of 1996 is unconstitutional.

Births[edit]

• 1242 – Beatrice of England (d. 1275)
• 1328 – William de Montagu, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, English commander (d. 1397)
• 1373 – Joanna II of Naples (d. 1435)
• 1441 – Federico I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua (d. 1484)
• 1484 – Bartholomeus V. Welser, German banker (d. 1561)
• 1526 – Elisabeth Parr, Marchioness of Northampton (d. 1565)
• 1560 – Wilhelm Fabry, German surgeon (d. 1634)
• 1568 – Gunilla Bielke, Queen of Sweden (d. 1597)
• 1612 – John Albert Vasa, Polish cardinal (d. 1634)
• 1709 – Francesco Araja, Italian composer (d. 1762)
• 1715 – Joseph Foullon de Doué, French soldier and politician, Controller-General of Finances (d. 1789)
• 1755 – Natalia Alexeievna of Russia (d. 1776)
• 1799 – David Douglas, Scottish-English botanist and explorer (d. 1834)
• 1814 – Gabriel Auguste Daubrée, French geologist and engineer (d. 1896)
• 1825 – James Farnell, Australian politician, 8th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1888)
• 1852 – Antoni Gaudí, Spanish architect, designed the Park Güell (d. 1926)
• 1858 – Georges Courteline, French author and playwright (d. 1929)
• 1860 – Gustave Charpentier, French composer and conductor (d. 1956)
• 1863 – Émile Francqui, Belgian soldier and diplomat (d. 1935)
• 1864 – Walther Nernst, German chemist and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1941)
• 1874 – Rose O'Neill, American cartoonist, illustrator, artist, and writer (d. 1944)
• 1884 – Géza Gyóni, Hungarian soldier and poet (d. 1917)
• 1884 – Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, German-French art collector and historian (d. 1979)
• 1886 – Henry H. Arnold, American general (d. 1950)
• 1887 – George Abbott, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1995)
• 1887 – Frigyes Karinthy, Hungarian author, poet, and journalist (d. 1938)
• 1892 – Shirō Ishii, Japanese microbiologist and general (d. 1959)
• 1894 – Hermann Oberth, Romanian-German physicist and engineer (d. 1989)
• 1898 – Kay Sage, American painter and poet (d. 1963)
• 1900 – Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, English admiral and politician, 44th Governor-General of India (d. 1979)
• 1901 – Harold Roe Bartle, American businessman and politician, 47th Mayor of Kansas City (d. 1974)
• 1902 – Yasuhito, Prince Chichibu of Japan (d. 1953)
• 1903 – George Orwell, British novelist, essayist, and critic (d. 1950)
• 1903 – Anne Revere, American actress (d. 1990)
• 1905 – Rupert Wildt, German-American astronomer and academic (d. 1976)
• 1907 – J. Hans D. Jensen, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
• 1908 – Willard Van Orman Quine, American philosopher and academic (d. 2000)
• 1911 – William Howard Stein, American chemist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)
• 1912 – William T. Cahill, American lawyer and politician, 46th Governor of New Jersey (d. 1996)
• 1913 – Cyril Fletcher, English actor and screenwriter (d. 2005)
• 1915 – Kashmir Singh Katoch, Indian military advisor
• 1915 – Whipper Billy Watson, Canadian-American wrestler and trainer (d. 1990)
• 1917 – Nils Karlsson, Swedish skier (d. 2012)
• 1918 – P. H. Newby, English soldier and author (d. 1997)
• 1921 – Celia Franca, English-Canadian ballerina and choreographer, founded the National Ballet of Canada (d. 2007)
• 1922 – Johnny Smith, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2013)
• 1923 – Sam Francis, American soldier and painter (d. 1994)
• 1923 – Dorothy Gilman, American author (d. 2012)
• 1924 – Sidney Lumet, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2011)
• 1924 – Madan Mohan, Iraqi-Indian composer and director (d. 1975)
• 1924 – William J. Castagna, American lawyer and judge
• 1925 – Clifton Chenier, American singer-songwriter and accordion player (d. 1987)
• 1925 – June Lockhart, American actress
• 1925 – Robert Venturi, American architect and academic
• 1926 – Margaret Anstee, English diplomat (d. 2016)
• 1926 – Ingeborg Bachmann, Austrian author and poet (d. 1973)
• 1926 – Kep Enderby, Australian lawyer, judge, and politician, 23rd Attorney-General for Australia (d. 2015)
• 1926 – Virginia Patton, American actress
• 1926 – Stig Sollander, Swedish Alpine skier
• 1927 – Antal Róka, Hungarian runner (d. 1970)
• 1927 – Chuck Smith, American pastor, founded the Calvary Chapel (d. 2013)
• 1927 – Arnold Wolfendale, English astronomer and academic
• 1928 – Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov, Russian-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2017)
• 1928 – Michel Brault, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013)
• 1928 – Peyo, Belgian author and illustrator, created The Smurfs (d. 1992)
• 1928 – Bill Russo, American pianist and composer (d. 2003)
• 1928 – Alex Toth, American animator and screenwriter (d. 2006)
• 1929 – Eric Carle, American author and illustrator
• 1929 – Francesco Marchisano, Italian cardinal (d. 2014)
• 1931 – V. P. Singh, Indian lawyer and politician, 7th Prime Minister of India (d. 2008)
• 1932 – Peter Blake, English painter and illustrator
• 1932 – Tim Parnell, English racing driver (d. 2017)
• 1932 – George Sluizer, French-Dutch director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
• 1933 – Álvaro Siza Vieira, Portuguese architect, designed the Porto School of Architecture
• 1934 – Jean Geissinger, American baseball player (d. 2014)
• 1934 – Jack W. Hayford, American minister and author
• 1934 – Beatriz Sheridan, Mexican actress and director (d. 2006)
• 1935 – Ray Butt, English television producer and director (d. 2013)
• 1935 – Larry Kramer, American author, playwright, and activist, co-founded Gay Men's Health Crisis
• 1935 – Tony Lanfranchi, English race car driver (d. 2004)
• 1935 – Charles Sheffield, English-American mathematician, physicist, and author (d. 2002)
• 1936 – B. J. Habibie, Indonesian engineer and politician, 3rd President of Indonesia
• 1936 – Bert Hölldobler, German biologist and entomologist
• 1937 – Eddie Floyd, American R&B/soul singer-songwriter
• 1937 – Derek Foster, Baron Foster of Bishop Auckland, English politician
• 1937 – Doreen Wells, English ballerina and actress
• 1939 – Allen Fox, American tennis player and coach
• 1940 – Judy Amoore, Australian runner
• 1940 – Mary Beth Peil, American actress and singer
• 1940 – A. J. Quinnell, English-Maltese author (d. 2005)
• 1940 – Clint Warwick, English bass player (d. 2004)
• 1941 – Denys Arcand, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1941 – John Albert Raven, Scottish academic and ecologist
• 1942 – Nikiforos Diamandouros, Greek academic and politician
• 1942 – Willis Reed, American basketball player, coach, and manager
• 1942 – Michel Tremblay, Canadian author and playwright
• 1944 – Robert Charlebois, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1944 – Gary David Goldberg, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2013)
• 1945 – Carly Simon, American singer-songwriter
• 1945 – Harry Womack, American singer (d. 1974)
• 1946 – Roméo Dallaire, Dutch-Canadian general and politician
• 1946 – Allen Lanier, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2013)
• 1946 – Ian McDonald, English guitarist and saxophonist
• 1947 – John Hilton, English table tennis player
• 1947 – John Powell, American discus thrower
• 1947 – Jimmie Walker, American actor
• 1949 – Richard Clarke, Irish archbishop
• 1949 – Patrick Tambay, French race car driver
• 1949 – Yoon Joo-sang, South Korean actor
• 1950 – Michel Côté, Canadian actor and screenwriter
• 1950 – Marcello Toninelli, Italian author and screenwriter
• 1951 – Eva Bayer-Fluckiger, Swiss mathematician and academic
• 1952 – Péter Erdő, Hungarian cardinal
• 1952 – Tim Finn, New Zealand singer-songwriter
• 1952 – Martin Gerschwitz, German singer-songwriter and keyboard player
• 1952 – Alan Green, Northern Irish sportscaster
• 1952 – Kristina Abelli Elander, Swedish artist
• 1953 – Olivier Ameisen, French-American cardiologist and educator (d. 2013)
• 1953 – Ian Davis, Australian cricketer
• 1954 – Mario Lessard, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1954 – David Paich, American singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer
• 1954 – Daryush Shokof, Iranian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1954 – Sonia Sotomayor, American lawyer and judge
• 1955 – Vic Marks, English cricketer and sportscaster
• 1956 – Anthony Bourdain, American chef and author
• 1956 – Frank Paschek, German long jumper
• 1956 – Boris Trajkovski, Macedonian politician, 2nd President of the Republic of Macedonia (d. 2004)
• 1956 – Craig Young, Australian rugby player and coach
• 1957 – Greg Millen, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
• 1959 – Lutz Dombrowski, German long jumper and educator
• 1959 – Jari Puikkonen, Finnish ski jumper
• 1959 – Bobbie Vaile, Australian astrophysicist and astronomer (d. 1996)
• 1960 – Alastair Bruce of Crionaich, English-Scottish journalist and author
• 1960 – Brian Hayward, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
• 1960 – Craig Johnston, South African-Australian footballer and photographer
• 1960 – Laurent Rodriguez, French rugby player
• 1961 – Timur Bekmambetov, Kazakh director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1961 – Ricky Gervais, English comedian, actor, director, producer and singer
• 1963 – Doug Gilmour, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
• 1963 – George Michael, English singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2016)
• 1963 – Mike Stanley, American baseball player
• 1964 – Dell Curry, American basketball player and coach
• 1964 – Phil Emery, Australian cricketer
• 1964 – Johnny Herbert, English race car driver and sportscaster
• 1964 – John McCrea, American singer-songwriter and musician (Cake)
• 1964 – Greg Raymer, American poker player and lawyer
• 1966 – Dikembe Mutombo, Congolese-American basketball player
• 1968 – Adrian Garvey, Zimbabwean-South African rugby player
• 1968 – Vaios Karagiannis, Greek footballer and manager
• 1969 – Hunter Foster, American actor and singer
• 1969 – Zim Zum, American guitarist and songwriter
• 1970 – Ariel Gore, American journalist and author
• 1970 – Roope Latvala, Finnish guitarist
• 1970 – Erki Nool, Estonian decathlete and politician
• 1970 – Aaron Sele, American baseball player and scout
• 1971 – Karen Darke, English cyclist and author
• 1971 – Jason Gallian, Australian-English cricketer and educator
• 1971 – Rod Kafer, Australian rugby player and sportscaster
• 1971 – Angela Kinsey, American actress
• 1971 – Neil Lennon, Northern Irish-Scottish footballer and manager
• 1971 – Sébastien Levicq, French decathlete
• 1971 – Jason Lewis, American model and actor
• 1971 – Michael Tucker, American baseball player
• 1972 – Carlos Delgado, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach
• 1972 – Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, Libyan engineer and politician
• 1973 – René Corbet, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1973 – Milan Hnilička, Czech ice hockey player
• 1973 – Jamie Redknapp, English footballer and coach
• 1974 – Nisha Ganatra, Canadian director, prouder, and screenwriter
• 1974 – Glen Metropolit, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1975 – Kiur Aarma, Estonian journalist and producer
• 1975 – Linda Cardellini, American actress
• 1975 – Albert Costa, Spanish tennis player and coach
• 1975 – Vladimir Kramnik, Russian chess player
• 1975 – Michele Merkin, American model and television host
• 1976 – José Cancela, Uruguayan footballer
• 1976 – Iestyn Harris, Welsh rugby player and coach
• 1976 – Carlos Nieto, Argentinian-Italian rugby player
• 1977 – Layla El, English wrestler, model, and dancer
• 1977 – Lola Ponce, Argentinian-Italian singer-songwriter and actress
• 1978 – Aramis Ramírez, Dominican-American baseball player
• 1978 – Luke Scott, American baseball player
• 1978 – Marcus Stroud, American football player
• 1979 – Marko Albert, Estonian swimmer and triathlete
• 1979 – Richard Hughes, Scottish footballer
• 1981 – Simon Ammann, Swiss ski jumper
• 1981 – Irina Osipova, Russian basketball player
• 1981 – Sheridan Smith, English actress, singer, and dancer
• 1982 – Rain, South Korean singer-songwriter, dancer, and actor
• 1982 – Mikhail Youzhny, Russian tennis player
• 1983 – Cristian Baroni, Brazilian footballer
• 1983 – Todd Cooper, English swimmer
• 1983 – Marc Janko, Austrian footballer
• 1984 – Lauren Bush, American model and fashion designer
• 1985 – Daniel Bard, American baseball player
• 1985 – Karim Matmour, Algerian footballer
• 1986 – Charlie Davies, American soccer player
• 1986 – Aya Matsuura, Japanese singer and actress
• 1986 – Seda Tokatlıoğlu, Turkish volleyball player
• 1987 – Brian Canter, American bull rider
• 1987 – Alissa Czisny, American figure skater
• 1988 – Osama Ali, Iraqi footballer
• 1988 – Jhonas Enroth, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1988 – Miguel Layún, Mexican footballer
• 1989 – Jack Cork, English footballer
• 1989 – Edgar Morais, Portuguese actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1989 – Rafael Morais, Portuguese actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1990 – Andi Eigenmann, Filipino actress
• 1991 – Kyousuke Hamao, Japanese actor and singer
• 1991 – Shōta Iizuka, Japanese sprinter
• 1991 – Liisi Rist, Estonian cyclist
• 1991 – Anna Zaja, German tennis player
• 1993 – Barney Clark, English actor
• 1996 – Pietro Fittipaldi, Brazilian-American racing driver
• 1996 – Sione Mata'utia, Australian rugby league player
• 1998 – Kyle Chalmers, Australian swimmer

Deaths[edit]

• 635 – Emperor Gaozu of Tang (b. 566)
• 841 – Gerard of Auvergne, Frankish nobleman
• 841 – Ricwin of Nantes, Frankish nobleman
• 891 – Sunderolt, archbishop of Mainz
• 931 – An Chonghui, general of Later Tang
• 1014 – Æthelstan Ætheling, eldest son of Æthelred the Unready
• 1134 – Niels, King of Denmark (b. 1064)
• 1218 – Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester, French politician, Lord High Steward (b. 1160)
• 1291 – Eleanor of Provence (b. 1223)
• 1337 – Frederick III of Sicily (b. 1272)
• 1483 – Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, English courtier and translator(b. 1440)
• 1483 – Richard Grey, half brother of Edward V of England (b. 1458)
• 1522 – Franchinus Gaffurius, Italian composer and theorist (b. 1451)
• 1533 – Mary Tudor, Queen of France (b. 1496)
• 1579 – Hatano Hideharu, Japanese warlord (b. 1541)
• 1593 – Michele Mercati, Italian physician and archaeologist (b. 1541)
• 1634 – John Marston, English poet and playwright (b. 1576)
• 1638 – Juan Pérez de Montalbán, Spanish author, poet, and playwright (b. 1602)
• 1665 – Sigismund Francis, Archduke of Austria (b. 1630)
• 1669 – François de Vendôme, Duke of Beaufort (b. 1616)
• 1671 – Giovanni Battista Riccioli, Italian priest and astronomer (b. 1598)
• 1673 – Charles de Batz-Castelmore d'Artagnan, French captain (b. 1611)
• 1686 – Simon Ushakov, Russian painter and educator (b. 1626)
• 1715 – Jean-Baptiste du Casse, French admiral and politician (b. 1646)
• 1767 – Georg Philipp Telemann, German composer and theorist (b. 1681)
• 1798 – Thomas Sandby, English cartographer, painter, and architect (b. 1721)
• 1822 – E. T. A. Hoffmann, German composer, critic, and jurist (b. 1776)
• 1838 – François-Nicolas-Benoît Haxo, French general and engineer (b. 1774)
• 1861 – Abdülmecid I, Ottoman sultan (b. 1823)
• 1866 – Alexander von Nordmann, Finnish biologist and paleontologist (b. 1803)
• 1868 – Carlo Matteucci, Italian physicist and neurophysiologist (b. 1811)
• 1870 – David Heaton, American lawyer and politician (b. 1823)
• 1875 – Antoine-Louis Barye, French sculptor (b. 1796)
• 1876 – James Calhoun, American lieutenant (b. 1845)
• 1876 – Boston Custer, American civilian army contractor (b. 1848)
• 1876 – George Armstrong Custer, American general (b. 1839)
• 1876 – Thomas Custer, American officer, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1845)
• 1876 – Myles Keogh, Irish-American officer (b. 1840)
• 1882 – François Jouffroy, French sculptor (b. 1806)
• 1884 – Hans Rott, Austrian organist and composer (b. 1858)
• 1886 – Jean-Louis Beaudry, Canadian businessman and politician, 11th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1809)
• 1894 – Marie François Sadi Carnot, French engineer and politician, 5th President of France (b. 1837)
• 1906 – Stanford White, American architect, designed the Washington Square Arch (b. 1853)
• 1916 – Thomas Eakins, American painter, photographer, and sculptor (b. 1844)
• 1917 – Géza Gyóni, Hungarian soldier and poet (b. 1884)
• 1918 – Jake Beckley, American baseball player and coach (b. 1867)
• 1922 – Satyendranath Dutta, Indian poet and author (b. 1882)
• 1932 – Howard Valentine, American runner (b. 1881)
• 1937 – Colin Clive, British actor (b. 1900)
• 1939 – Richard Seaman, English race car driver (b. 1913)
• 1944 – Dénes Berinkey, Hungarian jurist and politician, 18th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1871)
• 1944 – Lucha Reyes, Mexican singer and actress (b. 1906)
• 1947 – Jimmy Doyle, American boxer (b. 1924)
• 1948 – William C. Lee, American general (b. 1895)
• 1949 – Buck Freeman, American baseball player (b. 1871)
• 1949 – James Steen, American water polo player (b. 1876)
• 1950 – Maurice O'Sullivan, Irish police officer and author (b. 1904)
• 1958 – Alfred Noyes, English author, poet, and playwright (b. 1880)
• 1960 – Tommy Corcoran, American baseball player and manager (b. 1869)
• 1968 – Tony Hancock, English comedian and actor (b. 1924)
• 1971 – John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr, Scottish physician, biologist, and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1880)
• 1972 – Jan Matulka, Czech-American painter and illustrator (b. 1890)
• 1974 – Cornelius Lanczos, Hungarian mathematician and physicist (b. 1893)
• 1976 – Johnny Mercer, American singer-songwriter, co-founded Capitol Records (b. 1909)
• 1977 – Olave Baden-Powell, British Girl Guiding and Girl Scouting leader (b. 1889)
• 1977 – Endre Szervánszky, Hungarian pianist and composer (b. 1911)
• 1979 – Dave Fleischer, American animator, director, and producer (b. 1894)
• 1979 – Philippe Halsman, Latvian-American photographer (b. 1906)
• 1981 – Felipe Cossío del Pomar, Peruvian painter and political activist (b. 1888)
• 1983 – Alberto Ginastera, Argentinian pianist and composer (b. 1916)
• 1984 – Michel Foucault, French historian and philosopher (b. 1926)
• 1987 – Boudleaux Bryant, American songwriter (b. 1920)
• 1988 – Hillel Slovak, Israeli-American guitarist and songwriter (b. 1962)
• 1990 – Ronald Gene Simmons, American sergeant and murderer (b. 1940)
• 1992 – Jerome Brown, American football player (b. 1965)
• 1995 – Ernest Walton, Irish physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)
• 1996 – Arthur Snelling, English civil servant and diplomat, British Ambassador to South Africa (b. 1914)
• 1997 – Jacques Cousteau, French oceanographer and explorer (b. 1910)
• 1999 – Tommy Ivan, Canadian-American football player, coach, and manager (b. 1911)
• 2002 – Jean Corbeil, Canadian politician, 29th Canadian Minister of Labour (b. 1934)
• 2003 – Lester Maddox, American businessman and politician, 75th Governor of Georgia (b. 1915)
• 2004 – Morton W. Coutts, New Zealand inventor (b. 1904)
• 2005 – John Fiedler, American actor and voice artist (b. 1925)
• 2005 – Kâzım Koyuncu, Turkish singer-songwriter and activist (b. 1971)
• 2006 – Jaap Penraat, Dutch-American humanitarian (b. 1918)
• 2007 – J. Fred Duckett, American journalist and educator (b. 1933)
• 2007 – Jeeva, Indian director, cinematographer, and screenwriter (b. 1963)
• 2008 – Lyall Watson, South African anthropologist and ethologist (b. 1939)
• 2009 – Farrah Fawcett, American actress and producer (b. 1947)
• 2009 – Michael Jackson, American singer-songwriter, producer, dancer, and actor (b. 1958)
• 2009 – Sky Saxon, American singer-songwriter (b. 1937)
• 2010 – Alan Plater, English playwright and screenwriter (b. 1935)
• 2010 – Richard B. Sellars, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1915)
• 2011 – Annie Easley, American computer scientist and mathematician (b. 1933)
• 2011 – Goff Richards, English composer and conductor (b. 1944)
• 2011 – Margaret Tyzack, English actress (b. 1931)
• 2012 – Shigemitsu Dandō, Japanese academic and jurist (b. 1913)
• 2012 – Campbell Gillies, Scottish jockey (b. 1990)
• 2012 – George Randolph Hearst, Jr., American businessman (b. 1927)
• 2012 – Lucella MacLean, American baseball player (b. 1921)
• 2012 – Edgar Ross, American boxer (b. 1949)
• 2013 – George Burditt, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1923)
• 2013 – Catherine Gibson, Scottish swimmer (b. 1931)
• 2013 – Robert E. Gilka, American photographer and journalist (b. 1916)
• 2013 – Harry Parker, American rower and coach (b. 1935)
• 2013 – Mildred Ladner Thompson, American journalist (b. 1918)
• 2013 – Green Wix Unthank, American soldier and judge (b. 1923)
• 2014 – Nigel Calder, English journalist, author, and screenwriter (b. 1931)
• 2014 – Ana María Matute, Spanish author and academic (b. 1925)
• 2014 – Paul Patterson, American neuroscientist and academic (b. 1943)
• 2014 – Ivan Plyushch, Ukrainian agronomist and politician (b. 1941)
• 2015 – Patrick Macnee, English actor (b. 1922)
• 2015 – Alejandro Romay, Argentinian businessman (b. 1927)
• 2015 – Nerses Bedros XIX Tarmouni, Egyptian-Armenian patriarch (b. 1940)

The Hollywood stars who quit acting

Image copyrightEPA

Daniel Day-Lewis surprised Hollywood this week by announcing his retirement from acting.

Although he still has one film due to be released later this year - Phantom Thread, based on the fashion world of 1950s London - after he finishes its promotion he "will no longer be working as an actor".

Whether he can be tempted back out of retirement remains to be seen, but here are nine other stars who have quit the profession.

Cameron Diaz

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

You might not have realised, but Cameron Diaz hasn't been in a film since 2014's Annie, nor does she have any films in the pipeline.

She recently explained why she stepped out of the spotlight at an event run by her best mate, Gwyneth Paltrow.

"I just went, 'I can't really say who I am to myself.' Which is a hard thing to face up to. I felt the need to make myself whole," she said at a Goop Wellness Summit.

In the years since, she has married Good Charlotte singer Benji Madden and published two books - The Body Book, a health and fitness manual, and The Longevity Book, about the art and science of growing older.

Sir Sean Connery

Image copyrightPA

Once voted the sexiest man of the 20th Century, James Bond star Sir Sean Connery quit acting after filming The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen in 2003.

He didn't officially confirm his retirement until he received the American Film Institute's lifetime achievement award in 2006.

Although according to his friend Sir Michael Caine, it was the movie business that retired the Bond star "because he didn't want to play small parts about old men and they weren't offering him any young parts in romantic leads".

Sir Sean has since been enjoying retirement, spending his days playing golf and has been spotted at the odd tennis tournament.

Rick Moranis

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

Canadian actor Rick Moranis rose up Hollywood's ranks after appearing in hit films such as Ghostbusters, Spaceballs, Little Shop of Horrors and Honey, I Shrunk the Kids.

However he began scaling back his acting work after his wife died of cancer in 1991 and retired from on-screen work completely in 1997 to concentrate on raising his children.

"I'm a single parent, and I just found that it was too difficult to manage raising my kids and doing the travelling involved in making movies," he told USA Today in 2005. 

"So I took a little bit of a break. And the little bit of a break turned into a longer break, and then I found that I really didn't miss it."

Shirley Temple

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

One of the most famous child actors, Shirley Temple was awarded a special juvenile Oscar in 1935 for her contribution to film that year when she was just seven years old.

But as she grew older her appeal declined and she retired from acting in 1950 at the grand old age of 22.

She returned to the spotlight in the late 1960s as a politician and diplomat, and became the US ambassador to Czechoslovakia in 1989.

She continued to work in public service including for the United Nations until she died in 2014 aged 85.

Jack Gleeson 

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

As King Joffrey on hit TV show Game of Thrones, (SPOILER ALERT) Jack Gleeson played one of the most hated characters on TV for three years, but when his character was killed off in season three, the star decided to kill off his acting career too.

"I've been acting since age eight," he told Entertainment Weekly. "I just stopped enjoying it as much as I used to... whereas up until now it was always something I did for recreation with my friends, or in the summer for some fun - I enjoyed it. 

"When you make a living from something, it changes your relationship with it. It's not like I hate it, it's just not what I want to do."

Gleeson went on to study philosophy and theology at Dublin's Trinity College, although he dipped a toe back into performing when he took a puppet show, called Bears in Space, to the Edinburgh Fringe in 2014 and London's Soho Theatre in 2015.

Amanda Bynes

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

Amanda Bynes hit the big time in her teens when she scored her own programme - The Amanda Show - on Nickelodeon.

A string of teen films followed which you may have seen more than once or twice on TV recently - What a Girl Wants (2003), where she finds out her dad is Colin Firth who is trying to become prime minister; She's the Man (2006), a modern take on Shakespeare's Twelfth Night; and the big-screen adaptation of the musical Hairspray.

Once touted as a young Lucille Ball, her last film role was in 2010 - the same year she tweeted: "If I don't love something anymore I stop doing it. I don't love acting anymore so I've stopped doing it."

In the years since, she's had more than one brush with the law for drunk driving and substance abuse, but the actress - who is now 31 - recently gave an interviewsaying she was now three years sober and wanted to start acting again. 

Greta Garbo

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

"I want to be alone," Greta Garbo was famed for saying - and in the end, she really meant it.

The actress was one of Hollywood's most enigmatic stars in the 1930s. Desperate for privacy, she never gave any interviews, signed autographs or attended premieres - much to the frustration of the press.

She retired from acting when she was 36, saying she was "tired of Hollywood" and "wanted to live another life".

But her early retirement and subsequent reclusiveness meant she remained eternally young on screen and in people's minds.

Gene Hackman

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

After a five-decade career and Oscar wins in 1971 for The French Connection and 1992 for Unforgiven, Gene Hackman told veteran US TV host Larry King in 2004 he was retiring.

Four years later in an interview with Reuters he said although he missed acting, he didn't want to do it any longer.

"The business for me is very stressful. The compromises that you have to make in films are just part of the beast, and it had gotten to a point where I just didn't feel like I wanted to do it anymore," he said.

Since he retired, he's written three novels.

Doris Day

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

Doris Day was one of the biggest stars by the 1960s thanks to her double-threat singing and acting career, in films such as Calamity Jane, Pillow Talk and Move Over, Darling.

Her last film was in 1968 and after a brief stint on TV, announced she was retiring from acting in 1975.

Now 95, she has since dedicated her life to working as an animal welfare advocate, and set up the Doris Day Animal Foundation in 1978.

We ate at the controversial Trump Grill restaurant — here's what happened

• 
  

Hollis Johnson

The Trump Grill has been the subject of brutal critique.

In December, Vanity Fair published a harsh takedown of the Trump Tower restaurant, saying the grill "could be the worst restaurant in America."

The next day, the president-elect tweeted: "Has anyone looked at the really poor numbers of @VanityFair Magazine. Way down, big trouble, dead! Graydon Carter, no talent, will be out!"

Eager to get to the bottom of the controversy, we visited Trump Grill  after Trump's election but before his inauguration to see if the restaurant deserves the media's hate or Trump's support.

Trump Grill (or Grille — the naming is inconsistent on signage) is located in the basement of Trump Tower, on Fifth Avenue at 57th Street.

Hollis Johnson

Visiting Trump Grill in December 2016 is a very different experience than it was even a year ago. To get into Trump Tower, you need to be searched, and the building is mobbed with press, Trump supporters, and gawkers.

Hollis Johnson

When we arrived at 3 p.m., the hostess told us the wait would be 20 minutes but that she would call us when our table was ready.

Hollis Johnson

We took the opportunity to explore the labyrinthine atrium a bit more and check out the holiday decorations. (While Trump has said that people will say "merry Christmas" under his presidency, our waiter wished us "happy holidays.")

Hollis Johnson

The atrium, open to the public, is festooned with fleshy pink marble and flashy gold — or maybe bronze — plating. Dotting the walls of this marble-and-gold pit are plaques bestowed upon the numerous Trump brands by the American Academy of Hospitality Sciences, an awards group that has questionable ties to Trump.

Hollis Johnson

Source: Yahoo News

Five minutes later, our waitress called us and said our table was ready.

Hollis Johnson

Trump Grill was packed, primarily with couples who seemed to be visiting New York and visiting the tower as part of a sight-seeing journey.

Hollis Johnson

The restaurant is deceptively small, and the back section where we sat was confusingly elevated from the entrance and bar area.

Hollis Johnson

Looking at the menu, the first thing that jumps out is how expensive everything is. Trump's infamous taco bowl alone costs a whopping $18.

Hollis Johnson

Spending that much on something that Qdoba perfected for $8 requires a drink. So we ordered the You're Fired and The Fifth Avenue.

Hollis Johnson

The You're Fired bloody mary is packed with salt and likely fistfuls of pepper — similar to an airplane bloody mary if it were watered down with an oversized glass full of ice. Vanity Fair described the drink as "chunky shrimp-cocktail sauce, heavy on the horseradish, mixed with ice and a lot of vodka." We don't disagree.

Hollis Johnson

Vanity Fair said the Fifth Avenue "tasted like vodka mixed with Crystal Light, the ultimate drink for an 18-year-old pledging a sorority." Again, no disagreement here. The super-sweet concoction seemed to contain no alcohol at all. In fact, it tastes eerily similar to a watered-down glass of PediaSure fruit juice, but without the dubious health benefits or fun animal mascots.

Hollis Johnson

For our main course, we ordered what could be considered the trifecta of Trump Grill staples: the taco bowl, burger, and filet mignon.

Hollis Johnson

The taco bowl is a mess of vaguely passable Mexican-esque components, slightly elevated by a fresh and crunchy bowl. It was … fine. For $8, we'd buy it again, but there's no reason someone should pay $18 for this faux Tex-Mex jumble.

Hollis Johnson

Much has been made of President-elect Trump's preference for steak well done, but that would have been preferable to our nearly raw "medium rare" filet mignon.

Hollis Johnson

The sear was perfectly fine, but the gelatinous center of the meat — served without a steak knife — left us gagging.

Hollis Johnson

The Platinum Label burger is plagued with problems common to "classy" burgers: a desire to demonstrate its gourmet elements to the ultimate disadvantage of the burger's quality. The brioche bun was simply not as good a simple potato roll. It was too big, instantly mushy from the onions, and it even tasted slightly stale. Price is poor proof of actual quality here.

Hollis Johnson

As we finished up our meal, we ordered two dirty martinis in an effort to fact-check a viral tweet showing a Trump Grill martini served with ice in a wine glass. Our martinis were served in coupe glasses — not martini glasses, but close enough, and certainly closer than a wine glass. The bartender told us that the wine glass was probably used because the restaurant ran out of coupes.

Hollis Johnson

The martinis tasted like rubbing alcohol. But that's what we think most martinis taste like, so don't trust our negativity. They were extremely strong, however — we didn't finish ours, but we were stumbling when we left Trump Grill.

Hollis Johnson

At this point, most people had left the restaurant, which curiously serves only lunch and brunch — not dinner. The few people who remained were loudly engaged in conversation about how much they loved Donald Trump. The woman sitting next to us went as far as writing a congratulations note to Trump.

Hollis Johnson

"You'll never find a Democrat in this building — if you did, they'd have to be killed!" a woman eating with her friend yelled at a man sitting at a table across the room.

Other nuggets from conversations impossible not to overhear as we paid the bill:

"The real Democrats voted for Donald Trump. The communists did not."

"What's wrong with getting along with Russia and some of these countries that are strange?"

"You're a woman — you could sleep with Trump! What a beautiful man."

It seems you won't find anywhere else on earth — except perhaps a Trump rally — where more people love Trump than Trump Grill. Although opinions at Trump Bar upstairs may be more lubricated.

Hollis Johnson

Ultimately, eating at Trump Grill isn't about the food — it's about the experience. If you want to celebrate Trump's election, the grill has everything you could ask for: Trump's signature gaudy opulence, supportive dining comrades, and even menu items approved by the president-elect. If you want well-crafted, creative, or good food, look just about anywhere else.

[edit]

• 4 AD – Augustus adopts Tiberius.
• 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar.
• 363 – Roman emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sasanian Empire. General Jovian is proclaimed Emperor by the troops on the battlefield.
• 684 – Pope Benedict II chosen.
• 699 – En no Ozuno, a Japanese mystic and apothecary who will later be regarded as the founder of a folk religion Shugendō, is banished to Izu Ōshima.
• 1243 – Mongols defeat the Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Köse Dağ.
• 1295 – Przemysł II crowned king of Poland, following Ducal period. The white eagle is added to the Polish coat of arms.
• 1407 – Ulrich von Jungingen becomes Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.
• 1409 – Western Schism: The Roman Catholic Church is led into a double schism as Petros Philargos is crowned Pope Alexander V after the Council of Pisa, joining Pope Gregory XII in Rome and Pope Benedict XII in Avignon.
• 1460 – Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and Edward, Earl of March, land in England with a rebel army and march on London.
• 1483 – Richard III becomes King of England.
• 1522 – Ottomans begin the second Siege of Rhodes.
• 1541 – Francisco Pizarro is assassinated in Lima by the son of his former companion and later antagonist, Diego de Almagro the younger. Almagro is later caught and executed.
• 1579 – Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory begins.
• 1718 – Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia, Peter the Great's son, mysteriously dies after being sentenced to death by his father for plotting against him.
• 1723 – After a siege and bombardment by cannon, Baku surrenders to the Russians.
• 1740 – A combined force of Spanish, free blacks and allied Indians defeat a British garrison at the Siege of Fort Mose near St. Augustine during the War of Jenkins' Ear.
• 1794 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Fleurus marked the first successful military use of aircraft.
• 1830 – William IV becomes king of Britain and Hanover.
• 1843 – Treaty of Nanking comes into effect, Hong Kong Island is ceded to the British "in perpetuity".
• 1848 – End of the June Days Uprising in Paris.
• 1857 – The first investiture of the Victoria Cross in Hyde Park, London.
• 1870 – The Christian holiday of Christmas is declared a federal holiday in the United States.
• 1886 – Henri Moissan isolated elemental Fluorine for the first time.
• 1889 – Bangui is founded by Albert Dolisie and Alfred Uzac in what was then the upper reaches of the French Congo.
• 1906 – The first Grand Prix motor racing event held.
• 1909 – The Science Museum in London comes into existence as an independent entity.
• 1917 – The American Expeditionary Forces begin to arrive in France. They will first enter combat four months later.
• 1918 – Allied Forces under John J. Pershing and James Harbord defeat Imperial German Forces under Wilhelm, German Crown Prince in the Battle of Belleau Wood.
• 1924 – The American occupation of the Dominican Republic ends after eight years.
• 1927 – The Cyclone roller coaster opens on Coney Island.
• 1934 – United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Federal Credit Union Act, which establishes credit unions.
• 1936 – Initial flight of the Focke-Wulf Fw 61, the first practical helicopter.
• 1940 – World War II: Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, the Soviet Union presents an ultimatum to Romania requiring it to cede Bessarabia and the northern part of Bukovina.
• 1941 – World War II: Soviet planes bomb Kassa, Hungary (now Košice, Slovakia), giving Hungary the impetus to declare war the next day.
• 1942 – The first flight of the Grumman F6F Hellcat.
• 1944 – World War II: San Marino, a neutral state, is mistakenly bombed by the RAF based on faulty information, leading to 35 civilian deaths.
• 1944 – The Battle of Osuchy in Osuchy, Poland, one of the largest battles between Nazi Germany and Polish resistance forces, ends with the defeat of the latter.
• 1945 – The United Nations Charter is signed in San Francisco.
• 1948 – The first supply flights are made in response to the Berlin Blockade.
• 1948 – William Shockley files the original patent for the grown-junction transistor, the first bipolar junction transistor.
• 1948 – Shirley Jackson's short story The Lottery is published in The New Yorker magazine.
• 1952 – The Pan-Malayan Labour Party is founded in Malaya, as a union of statewide labour parties.
• 1953 – Lavrentiy Beria, head of MVD, is arrested by Nikita Khrushchev and other members of the Politburo.
• 1955 – The South African Congress Alliance adopts the Freedom Charter at the Congress of the People in Kliptown.
• 1959 – Swedish boxer Ingemar Johansson becomes world champion of heavy weight boxing, by defeating American Floyd Patterson on technical knockout after two minutes and three seconds in the third round at Yankee Stadium.
• 1960 – The former British Protectorate of British Somaliland gains its independence as Somaliland.
• 1960 – Madagascar gains its independence from France.
• 1963 – U.S. President John F. Kennedy gave his "Ich bin ein Berliner" speech, underlining the support of the United States for democratic West Germany shortly after Soviet-supported East Germany erected the Berlin Wall.
• 1967 – Karol Wojtyła (later John Paul II) made a cardinal by Pope Paul VI.
• 1974 – The Universal Product Code is scanned for the first time to sell a package of Wrigley's chewing gum at the Marsh Supermarket in Troy, Ohio.
• 1975 – Two FBI agents and a member of the American Indian Movement are killed in a shootout on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota; Leonard Peltier is later convicted of the murders in a controversial trial.
• 1978 – Air Canada Flight 189 to Toronto overruns the runway and crashes into the Etobicoke Creek ravine. Two of 107 passengers on board perish.
• 1991 – The Yugoslav People's Army begins the Ten-Day War in Slovenia.
• 1995 – Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani deposes his father Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, the Emir of Qatar, in a bloodless coup d'état.
• 1997 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the Communications Decency Act violates the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
• 2000 – The Human Genome Project announces the completion of a "rough draft" sequence.
• 2000 – Pope John Paul II reveals the third secret of Fátima.
• 2003 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Lawrence v. Texas that gender-based sodomy laws are unconstitutional.
• 2004 – Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson is re-elected as President of Iceland.
• 2006 – Mari Alkatiri, the first Prime Minister of East Timor, resigns after weeks of political unrest.
• 2007 – Pope Benedict XVI reinstates the traditional laws of papal election in which a successful candidate must receive two-thirds of the votes.
• 2008 – A suicide bomber dressed as an Iraqi policeman detonates an explosive vest, killing 25 people.
• 2012 – The Waldo Canyon fire descends into the Mountain Shadows neighborhood in Colorado Springs burning 347 homes in a matter of hours and killing two people.
• 2013 – Riots in China's Xinjiang region kill at least 36 people and injure 21 others.
• 2013 – The U.S. Supreme Court ruled, 5–4, that Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act is unconstitutional and in violation of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
• 2015 – The U.S. Supreme Court ruled, 5–4, that same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marriage under the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution.
• 2015 – Five different terrorist attacks in France, Tunisia, Somalia, Kuwait, and Syria occurred on what was dubbed Bloody Friday by international media. Upwards of 750 people were either killed or injured in these uncoordinated attacks.

Births[edit]

• 12 BC – Agrippa Postumus, Roman son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder (d. 14)
• 1399 – John, Count of Angoulême (d. 1467)
• 1575 – Anne Catherine of Brandenburg (d. 1612)
• 1581 – San Pedro Claver, Spanish Jesuit saint (d. 1654)
• 1600 – Juan de Palafox y Mendoza, Spanish-born bishop and viceroy of New Spain (d. 1659)
• 1681 – Hedvig Sophia of Sweden (d. 1708)
• 1689 – Edward Holyoke, American pastor and academic (d. 1769)
• 1694 – Georg Brandt, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (d. 1768)
• 1699 – Marie Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin, French businesswoman (d. 1777)
• 1702 – Philip Doddridge, English hymn-writer and educator (d. 1751)
• 1703 – Thomas Clap, American minister and academic (d. 1767)
• 1726 – Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia (d. 1796)
• 1730 – Charles Messier, French astronomer and academic (d. 1817)
• 1764 – Jan Paweł Łuszczewski, Polish politician (d. 1812)
• 1796 – Jan Paweł Lelewel, Polish painter and engineer (d. 1847)
• 1798 – Wolfgang Menzel, German poet and critic (d. 1873)
• 1817 – Branwell Brontë, English painter and poet (d. 1848)
• 1819 – Abner Doubleday, American general (d. 1893)
• 1821 – Bartolomé Mitre, Argentinian soldier, journalist, and politician, 6th President of Argentina (d. 1906)
• 1824 – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Irish-Scottish physicist and engineer (d. 1907)
• 1835 – Thomas W. Knox, American journalist and author (d. 1896)
• 1838 – Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, Bengali poet and journalist (d. 1894)
• 1839 – Sam Watkins, American soldier and author (d. 1901)
• 1852 – Daoud Corm, Lebanese painter (d. 1930)
• 1854 – Robert Laird Borden, Canadian lawyer and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1937)
• 1865 – Bernard Berenson, Lithuanian-American historian and author (d. 1959)
• 1866 – George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, English archaeologist and banker (d. 1923)
• 1869 – Martin Andersen Nexø, Danish journalist and author (d. 1954)
• 1878 – Leopold Löwenheim, German mathematician and logician (d. 1957)
• 1880 – Mitchell Lewis, American actor (d. 1956)
• 1881 – Ya'akov Cohen, Israeli linguist, poet, and playwright (d. 1960)
• 1892 – Pearl S. Buck, American novelist, essayist, short story writer Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
• 1893 – Dorothy Fuldheim, American journalist and author (d. 1989)
• 1895 – George Hainsworth, Canadian ice hockey player and politician (d. 1950)
• 1898 – Willy Messerschmitt, German engineer and businessman (d. 1978)
• 1898 – Chesty Puller, American general (d. 1971)
• 1899 – Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918)
• 1901 – Stuart Symington, American lieutenant and politician, 1st United States Secretary of the Air Force (d. 1988)
• 1902 – Hugues Cuénod, Swiss tenor and educator (d. 2010)
• 1903 – Big Bill Broonzy, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1958)
• 1904 – Frank Scott Hogg, Canadian astronomer and academic (d. 1951)
• 1904 – Peter Lorre, Slovak-American actor and singer (d. 1964)
• 1905 – Lynd Ward, American author and illustrator (d. 1985)
• 1906 – Alberto Rabagliati, Italian singer (d. 1974)
• 1906 – Viktor Schreckengost, American sculptor and educator (d. 2008)
• 1907 – Debs Garms, American baseball player (d. 1984)
• 1908 – Salvador Allende, Chilean physician and politician, 29th President of Chile (d. 1973)
• 1909 – Colonel Tom Parker, Dutch-American talent manager (d. 1997)
• 1909 – Wolfgang Reitherman, German-American animator, director, and producer (d. 1985)
• 1911 – Babe Didrikson Zaharias, American golfer and basketball player (d. 1956)
• 1911 – Bronisław Żurakowski, Polish pilot and engineer (d. 2009)
• 1913 – Aimé Césaire, French poet, author, and politician (d. 2008)
• 1913 – Maurice Wilkes, English computer scientist and physicist (d. 2010)
• 1914 – Laurie Lee, English author and poet (d. 1997)
• 1915 – Paul Castellano, American gangster (d. 1985)
• 1915 – George Haigh, English professional footballer
• 1915 – Charlotte Zolotow, American author and poet (d. 2013)
• 1916 – Virginia Satir, American psychotherapist and author (d. 1988)
• 1916 – Giuseppe Taddei, Italian actor and singer (d. 2010)
• 1919 – Richard Neustadt, American political scientist and academic (d. 2003)
• 1920 – Jean-Pierre Roy, Canadian-American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster (d. 2014)
• 1921 – Violette Szabo, French secret agent (d. 1945)
• 1922 – Walter Farley, American author (d. 1989)
• 1922 – Eleanor Parker, American actress (d. 2013)
• 1923 – Franz-Paul Decker, German conductor (d. 2014)
• 1924 – Kostas Axelos, Greek-French philosopher and author (d. 2010)
• 1925 – Pavel Belyayev, Russian soldier, pilot, and astronaut (d. 1970)
• 1925 – Wolfgang Unzicker, German chess player (d. 2006)
• 1927 – Robert Kroetsch, Canadian author and poet (d. 2011)
• 1928 – Jacob Druckman, American composer and academic (d. 1996)
• 1928 – Yoshiro Nakamatsu, Japanese inventor
• 1929 – June Bronhill, Australian soprano and actress (d. 2005)
• 1929 – Fred Bruemmer, Latvian-Canadian photographer and author (d. 2013)
• 1929 – Milton Glaser, American illustrator and graphic designer
• 1930 – Jackie Fargo, American wrestler and trainer (d. 2013)
• 1931 – Colin Wilson, English philosopher and author (d. 2013)
• 1933 – Claudio Abbado, Italian conductor (d. 2014)
• 1933 – Gene Green, American baseball player (d. 1981)
• 1934 – Dave Grusin, American pianist and composer
• 1935 – Carlo Facetti, Italian race car driver
• 1936 – Benjamin Adekunle, Nigerian general (d. 2014)
• 1936 – Hal Greer, American basketball player
• 1936 – Robert Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart, Scottish politician
• 1936 – Edith Pearlman, American short story writer
• 1936 – Jean-Claude Turcotte, Canadian cardinal (d. 2015)
• 1936 – Nancy Willard, American author and poet (d. 2017)
• 1937 – Robert Coleman Richardson, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
• 1937 – Reggie Workman, American bassist and composer
• 1938 – Neil Abercrombie, American sociologist and politician, 7th Governor of Hawaii
• 1938 – Billy Davis Jr., American pop-soul singer
• 1938 – Gerald North, American climatologist and academic
• 1939 – Chuck Robb, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 64th Governor of Virginia
• 1941 – Yves Beauchemin, Canadian author and academic
• 1942 – J.J. Dillon, American wrestler and manager
• 1942 – Gilberto Gil, Brazilian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and politician, Brazilian Minister of Culture
• 1943 – Georgie Fame, English singer, pianist, and keyboard player
• 1943 – Warren Farrell, American author and educator
• 1944 – Gennady Zyuganov, Russian colonel and politician
• 1946 – Candace Pert, American neuroscientist and pharmacologist (d. 2013)
• 1949 – Fredric Brandt, American dermatologist and author (d. 2015)
• 1949 – Adrian Gurvitz, English singer-songwriter and producer
• 1949 – Mary Styles Harris, American biologist and geneticist
• 1951 – Gary Gilmour, Australian cricketer and manager (d. 2014)
• 1952 – Gordon McQueen, Scottish footballer and manager
• 1955 – Mick Jones, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1955 – Gedde Watanabe, American actor
• 1956 – Chris Isaak, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1956 – Patrick Mercer, English colonel and politician
• 1957 – Al Hunter Ashton, English actor and screenwriter (d. 2007)
• 1957 – Philippe Couillard, Canadian surgeon and politician, 31st Premier of Quebec
• 1957 – Patty Smyth, American rock singer-songwriter and musician
• 1959 – Mark McKinney, Canadian actor and screenwriter
• 1960 – Mark Durkan, Irish politician
• 1961 – Greg LeMond, American cyclist
• 1961 – Terri Nunn, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1962 – Jerome Kersey, American basketball player and coach (d. 2015)
• 1963 – Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Russian-Swiss businessman and philanthropist
• 1963 – Mark McClellan, American economist and politician
• 1963 – Harriet Wheeler, English singer-songwriter
• 1964 – Tommi Mäkinen, Finnish race car driver
• 1966 – Dany Boon, French actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1966 – Kirk McLean, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1966 – Jürgen Reil, American drummer
• 1967 – Inha Babakova, Ukrainian high jumper
• 1967 – Olivier Dahan, French director and screenwriter
• 1968 – Guðni Th. Jóhannesson, Icelandic lecturer and politician, 6th President of Iceland
• 1968 – Paolo Maldini, Italian footballer
• 1968 – Shannon Sharpe, American football player and sportscaster
• 1969 – Colin Greenwood, English bass player and songwriter
• 1969 – Ingrid Lempereur, Belgian swimmer
• 1969 – Geir Moen, Norwegian sprinter
• 1969 – Mike Myers, American baseball player
• 1970 – Paul Thomas Anderson, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1970 – Paul Bitok, Kenyan runner
• 1970 – Irv Gotti, American record producer, co-founded Murder Inc Records
• 1970 – Sean Hayes, American actor
• 1970 – Chris O'Donnell, American actor
• 1970 – Nick Offerman, American actor
• 1971 – Max Biaggi, Italian motorcycle racer
• 1972 – Jai Taurima, Australian long jumper and police officer
• 1973 – Gretchen Wilson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1974 – Derek Jeter, American baseball player
• 1974 – Jason Kendall, American baseball player
• 1975 – Chris Armstrong, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1975 – Terry Skiverton, English footballer and manager
• 1976 – Ed Jovanovski, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1976 – Pommie Mbangwa, Zimbabwean cricketer and sportscaster
• 1976 – Chad Pennington, American football player and sportscaster
• 1977 – Quincy Lewis, American basketball player
• 1979 – Ryō Fukuda, Japanese race car driver
• 1979 – Walter Herrmann, Argentinian basketball player
• 1979 – Ryan Tedder, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer
• 1980 – Hamílton Hênio Ferreira Calheiros, Togolese footballer
• 1980 – Michael Jackson, English footballer
• 1980 – Jason Schwartzman, American singer-songwriter, drummer, and actor
• 1980 – Chris Shelton, American baseball player
• 1980 – Michael Vick, American football player
• 1981 – Natalya Antyukh, Russian sprinter and hurdler
• 1981 – Paolo Cannavaro, Italian footballer
• 1981 – Kanako Kondō, Japanese voice actress and singer
• 1981 – Takashi Toritani, Japanese baseball player
• 1982 – Zuzana Kučová, Slovak tennis player
• 1983 – Vinícius Rodrigues Almeida, Brazilian footballer
• 1983 – Nick Compton, South African-English cricketer
• 1983 – Toyonoshima Daiki, Japanese sumo wrestler
• 1983 – Felipe Melo, Brazilian footballer
• 1983 – Antonio Rosati, Italian footballer
• 1984 – José Juan Barea, Puerto Rican-American basketball player
• 1984 – Yankuba Ceesay, Gambian footballer
• 1984 – Elijah Dukes, American baseball player
• 1984 – Raymond Felton, American basketball player
• 1984 – Priscah Jeptoo, Kenyan runner
• 1984 – Jūlija Tepliha, Latvian figure skater
• 1984 – Deron Williams, American basketball player
• 1985 – Ogyen Trinley Dorje, Tibetan spiritual leader, 17th Karmapa Lama
• 1986 – Duvier Riascos, Colombian footballer
• 1987 – Carlos Iaconelli, Brazilian race car driver
• 1987 – Samir Nasri, French footballer
• 1988 – Oliver Stang, German footballer
• 1990 – Belaynesh Oljira, Ethiopian runner
• 1990 – Igor Subbotin, Estonian footballer
• 1991 – Houssem Chemali, French footballer
• 1991 – Diego Falcinelli, Italian footballer
• 1992 – Joel Campbell, Costa Rican footballer
• 1992 – Rudy Gobert, French basketball player
• 1993 – Ariana Grande, American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress
• 1994 – Hollie Arnold, English javelin thrower
• 1997 – Callum Taylor, English cricketer

Deaths[edit]

• 116 BC – Ptolemy VIII of Egypt (b.c. 182 BC)
• 363 – Julian, Roman emperor (b. 332)
• 405 – Saint Vigilius, bishop of Trent (b. 353)
• 822 – Saichō, Japanese Buddhist monk (b. 767)
• 1090 – Jaromír, Bishop of Prague
• 1095 – Robert, Bishop of Hereford
• 1274 – Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Persian scientist and writer (b. 1201)
• 1487 – John Argyropoulos, Byzantine philosopher and scholar (b. 1415)
• 1541 – Francisco Pizarro, Spanish explorer and politician, Governor of New Castile (b. 1471?)
• 1574 – Gabriel, comte de Montgomery, captain of the Scottish Guard of Henry II of France (b. 1530)
• 1688 – Ralph Cudworth, English philosopher and academic (b. 1617)
• 1752 – Giulio Alberoni, Spanish cardinal (b. 1664)
• 1757 – Maximilian Ulysses Browne, Austrian field marshal (b. 1705)
• 1784 – Caesar Rodney, American lawyer and politician, 4th Governor of Delaware (b. 1728)
• 1793 – James Dickey, Irish revolutionary (b. 1776)
• 1793 – Gilbert White, English ornithologist and ecologist (b. 1720)
• 1795 – Johannes Jährig, German linguist and translator (b. 1747)
• 1808 – Ludwik Tyszkiewicz, Polish poet and politician (b. 1748)
• 1810 – Joseph-Michel Montgolfier, French inventor, co-invented the hot air balloon (b. 1740)
• 1830 – George IV of the United Kingdom (b. 1762)
• 1836 – Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, French soldier and composer (b. 1760)
• 1856 – Max Stirner, German philosopher and author (b. 1806)
• 1870 – Armand Barbès, French lawyer and politician (b. 1809)
• 1878 – Mercedes of Orléans (b. 1860)
• 1879 – Richard H. Anderson, American general (b. 1821)
• 1883 – Edward Sabine, Irish-English astronomer, geophysicist, and ornithologist (b. 1788)
• 1918 – Peter Rosegger, Austrian poet and author (b. 1843)
• 1922 – Albert I, Prince of Monaco (b. 1848)
• 1932 – Adelaide Ames, American astronomer and academic (b. 1900)
• 1938 – James Weldon Johnson, American poet, lawyer and politician (b. 1871)
• 1938 – Daria Pratt, American golfer (b. 1859)
• 1939 – Ford Madox Ford, English novelist, poet, and critic (b. 1873)
• 1943 – Karl Landsteiner, Austrian biologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1868)
• 1945 – Emil Hácha, Czech lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1872)
• 1946 – Max Kögel, German SS officer (b. 1895)
• 1946 – Yōsuke Matsuoka, Japanese politician, Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1880)
• 1947 – R. B. Bennett, Canadian lawyer and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1870)
• 1949 – Kim Koo, South Korean educator and politician, 13th President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (b. 1876)
• 1955 – Engelbert Zaschka, German engineer (b. 1895)
• 1956 – Clifford Brown, American trumpet player and composer (b. 1930)
• 1956 – Richie Powell, American pianist (b. 1931)
• 1957 – Alfred Döblin, Polish-German physician and author (b. 1878)
• 1957 – Malcolm Lowry, English novelist and poet (b. 1909)
• 1958 – George Orton, Canadian runner and hurdler (b. 1873)
• 1958 – Andrija Štampar, Croatian physician and scholar (b. 1888)
• 1964 – Léo Dandurand, American-Canadian businessman (b. 1889)
• 1967 – Françoise Dorléac, French actress and singer (b. 1942)
• 1975 – Josemaría Escrivá, Spanish priest and saint (b. 1902)
• 1979 – Akwasi Afrifa, Ghanaian soldier and politician, 3rd Head of State of Ghana (b. 1936)
• 1989 – Howard Charles Green, Canadian lawyer and politician, 27th Canadian Minister of Public Works (b. 1895)
• 1990 – Anni Blomqvist, Finnish author (b. 1909)
• 1992 – Buddy Rogers, American wrestler (b. 1921)
• 1993 – Roy Campanella, American baseball player and coach (b. 1921)
• 1993 – William H. Riker, American political scientist and academic (b. 1920)
• 1994 – Jahanara Imam, Bangladeshi author and activist (b. 1929)
• 1996 – Veronica Guerin, Irish journalist (b. 1958)
• 1996 – Necmettin Hacıeminoğlu, Turkish linguist and academic (b. 1932)
• 1997 – Don Hutson, American football player and coach (b. 1913)
• 1998 – Hacı Sabancı, Turkish businessman and philanthropist (b. 1935)
• 2002 – Jay Berwanger, American football player (b. 1914)
• 2002 – Arnold Brown, English-Canadian 11th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1913)
• 2003 – Marc-Vivien Foé, Cameroon footballer (b. 1975)
• 2003 – Denver Randleman, American sergeant (b. 1920)
• 2003 – Denis Thatcher, English soldier and businessman (b. 1915)
• 2003 – Strom Thurmond, American general, lawyer, and politician, 103rd Governor of South Carolina (b. 1902)
• 2004 – Ott Arder, Estonian poet and translator (b. 1950)
• 2004 – Yash Johar, Indian film producer, founded Dharma Productions (b. 1929)
• 2004 – Naomi Shemer, Israeli singer-songwriter (b. 1930)
• 2005 – Tõnno Lepmets, Estonian basketball player (b. 1938)
• 2005 – Richard Whiteley, English journalist and game show host (b. 1943)
• 2006 – Tommy Wonder, Dutch magician (b. 1953)
• 2007 – Liz Claiborne, Belgian-American fashion designer, founded Liz Claiborne (b. 1929)
• 2007 – Joey Sadler, New Zealand rugby player (b. 1914)
• 2010 – Algirdas Brazauskas, Lithuanian engineer and politician, 2nd President of Lithuania (b. 1932)
• 2010 – Harald Keres, Estonian physicist and academic (b. 1912)
• 2011 – Edith Fellows, American actress (b. 1923)
• 2011 – Jan van Beveren, Dutch footballer and coach (b. 1948)
• 2012 – Sverker Åström, Swedish diplomat, Swedish Permanent Representative to the United Nations (b. 1915)
• 2012 – Pat Cummings, American basketball player (b. 1956)
• 2012 – Nora Ephron, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1941)
• 2012 – Mario O'Hara, Filipino director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1944)
• 2012 – Doris Singleton, American actress (b. 1919)
• 2012 – Risley C. Triche, American lawyer and politician (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Henrik Otto Donner, Finnish trumpet player and composer (b. 1939)
• 2013 – Edward Huggins Johnstone, Brazilian-American sergeant and judge (b. 1922)
• 2013 – Byron Looper, American politician (b. 1964)
• 2013 – Justin Miller, American baseball player (b. 1977)
• 2013 – Marc Rich, Belgian-American businessman (b. 1934)
• 2014 – Howard Baker, American lawyer, politician, and diplomat, 12th White House Chief of Staff (b. 1925)
• 2014 – Bill Frank, American-Canadian football player (b. 1938)
• 2014 – Rollin King, American businessman, co-founded Southwest Airlines (b. 1931)
• 2014 – Bob Mischak, American football player and coach (b. 1932)
• 2014 – Julius Rudel, Austrian-American conductor (b. 1921)
• 2014 – Mary Rodgers, American composer and author (b. 1931)
• 2015 – Yevgeny Primakov, Ukrainian-Russian journalist and politician, 32nd Prime Minister of Russia (b. 1929)
• 2015 – Chris Thompson, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1952)

Barry Gibb brings Glastonbury to its feet

We're calling it: Islands In The Stream has become the unofficial anthem of Glastonbury.

Kenny Rogers debuted the song in 2013; and Dolly Parton featured it in her record-breaking set a year later.

Now Barry Gibb, who wrote the song, has made it the centrepiece of his performance at the festival's coveted "legend slot".

It was one of a dozen or more classics from his, and the Bee Gees', catalogue that made it impossible to stand still. 

There was a sense of euphoria as he ran through the likes of Tragedy, Jive Talkin' and Night Fever, his falsetto never wavering in the bright afternoon sun.

Image copyrightMATT CARDY / GETTY

As has now become tradition in the legend slot, Glastonbury's security team joined the performance, with a choreographed routine to Stayin' Alive that brought a huge smile to Gibb's face.

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His triumphant set came a year after Gibb joined Coldplay on the Pyramid Stage for two Bee Gee covers: To Love Somebody and what Chris Martin called "the greatest song of all time", Stayin' Alive.

Gibb had been meant to play the festival that year, but pulled out when a family member fell ill. 

The star recently revealed he struggled with appearing on stage by himself, following the death of his brothers Maurice and Robin.

"I don't like being on stage on my own. I miss my brothers. I get nerves being on stage on my own because it is so new to me," he told the Sunday Mirror.

"We would all lean on each other. I'd lean on Maurice and Robin and they would lean on me and somehow we'd get through every show.

"We knew how each other felt. I knew what their opinions were. We were three brothers and it was a democracy.

"We were three brothers who had to agree. If one of them did not like something we did not do it."

Gibb beamed a picture of his brothers onto the stage as he performed Nights on Broadway, eliciting a swell of support from the audience.

Several were wearing Barry Gibb masks and one fan passed a gold jacket up to the stage, which Gibb gamely wore for the last 15 minutes of his 75-minute set.

By that point, the crowd was chanting his name - "Barry! Barry! Barry!" - between songs and the star, who is more than 50 years into his career, was visibly touched by their enthusiasm.

"You guys have been the best. Thank you for the experience of a lifetime," he said. "I hope to see you again."

Gibb was followed onto the Pyramid stage by fellow disco legends Chic.

If anything, they drew a larger crowd than Gibb. The hills were full to bursting with flag-waving fans as Nile Rodgers served up a feast of funk.

The set spanned his entire career as a producer and writer, with Chic's Le Freak joined by Sister Sledge's We Are Family and the Diana Ross classic Upside Down.

Rodgers even threw in Daft Punk's Get Lucky (on which he played guitar) and a verse of The Sugar Hill Gang's Rappers' Delight - which sampled Chic's Good Times - for good measure.

As one audience member near us noted, "Chic have just won Glastonbury".