Top 10 casino hotels worldwide

[edit]

• 763 BC – Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history.
• 844 – Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II.
• 923 – Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed and King Charles the Simple is arrested by the supporters of Duke Rudolph of Burgundy.
• 1184 – King Magnus V of Norway is killed at the Battle of Fimreite.
• 1215 – King John of England puts his seal to the Magna Carta.
• 1219 – Northern Crusades: Danish victory at the Battle of Lyndanisse (modern-day Tallinn) establishes the Danish Duchy of Estonia.
• 1246 – With the death of Frederick II, Duke of Austria, the Babenberg dynasty ends in Austria.
• 1300 – The city of Bilbao is founded.
• 1312 – At the Battle of Rozgony, King Charles I of Hungary wins a decisive victory over the family of Palatine Amade Aba.
• 1389 – Battle of Kosovo: The Ottoman Empire defeats Serbs and Bosnians.
• 1410 – In a decisive battle at Onon River, the Mongol forces of Oljei Temur were decimated by the Chinese armies of the Yongle Emperor.
• 1502 – Christopher Columbus lands on the island of Martinique on his fourth voyage.
• 1520 – Pope Leo X threatens to excommunicate Martin Luther in Exsurge Domine.
• 1648 – Margaret Jones is hanged in Boston for witchcraft in the first such execution for the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
• 1667 – The first human blood transfusion is administered by Dr. Jean-Baptiste Denys.
• 1670 – The first stone of Fort Ricasoli is laid down in Malta.
• 1752 – Benjamin Franklin proves that lightning is electricity (traditional date, the exact date is unknown).
• 1775 – American Revolutionary War: George Washington is appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.
• 1776 – Delaware Separation Day: Delaware votes to suspend government under the British Crown and separate officially from Pennsylvania.
• 1804 – New Hampshire approves the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratifying the document.
• 1808 – Joseph Bonaparte becomes King of Spain.
• 1836 – Arkansas is admitted as the 25th U.S. state.
• 1844 – Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber.
• 1846 – The Oregon Treaty establishes the 49th parallel as the border between the United States and Canada, from the Rocky Mountains to the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
• 1859 – Pig War: Ambiguity in the Oregon Treaty leads to the "Northwestern Boundary Dispute" between United States and British/Canadian settlers.
• 1864 – American Civil War: The Second Battle of Petersburg begins.
• 1864 – Arlington National Cemetery is established when 200 acres (0.81 km²) around Arlington Mansion (formerly owned by Confederate General Robert E. Lee) are officially set aside as a military cemetery by U.S. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.
• 1877 – Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy.
• 1878 – Eadweard Muybridge takes a series of photographs to prove that all four feet of a horse leave the ground when it runs; the study becomes the basis of motion pictures.
• 1888 – Crown Prince Wilhelm becomes Kaiser Wilhelm II; he will be the last Emperor of the German Empire. Due to the death of his predecessors Wilhelm I and Frederick III, 1888 is the Year of the Three Emperors.
• 1896 – The deadliest tsunami in Japan's history kills more than 22,000 people.
• 1904 – A fire aboard the steamboat SS General Slocum in New York City's East River kills 1,000.
• 1916 – United States President Woodrow Wilson signs a bill incorporating the Boy Scouts of America, making them the only American youth organization with a federal charter.
• 1919 – John Alcock and Arthur Brown complete the first nonstop transatlantic flight when they reach Clifden, County Galway, Ireland.
• 1920 – A new border treaty between Germany and Denmark gives northern Schleswig to Denmark.
• 1921 – Bessie Coleman earns her pilot's license, becoming the first female pilot of African-American descent.
• 1934 – The United States Great Smoky Mountains National Park is founded.
• 1936 – First flight of the Vickers Wellington bomber.
• 1937 – A German expedition led by Karl Wien loses sixteen members in an avalanche on Nanga Parbat. It is the worst single disaster to occur on an 8000m peak.
• 1940 – World War II: Operation Ariel begins: Allied troops start to evacuate France, following Germany's takeover of Paris and most of the nation.
• 1944 – World War II: Battle of Saipan: The United States invade Japanese-occupied Saipan.
• 1944 – In the Saskatchewan general election, the CCF, led by Tommy Douglas, is elected and forms the first socialist government in North America.
• 1945 – The General Dutch Youth League (ANJV) is founded in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
• 1970 – Charles Manson goes on trial for the Sharon Tate murders.
• 1972 – Red Army Faction co-founder Ulrike Meinhof is captured by police in Langenhagen.
• 1978 – King Hussein of Jordan marries American Lisa Halaby, who takes the name Queen Noor.
• 1985 – Rembrandt's painting Danaë is attacked by a man (later judged insane) who throws sulfuric acid on the canvas and cuts it twice with a knife.
• 1991 – In the Philippines, Mount Pinatubo erupts in the second largest volcanic eruption of the 20th Century. In the end, over 800 people die.
• 1992 – The United States Supreme Court rules in United States v. Álvarez-Machaín that it is permissible for the United States to forcibly extradite suspects in foreign countries and bring them to the United States for trial, without approval from those other countries.
• 1994 – Israel and Vatican City establish full diplomatic relations.
• 1996 – The Troubles: The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) detonates a powerful truck bomb in the middle of Manchester, England, devastating the city centre and injuring 200 people.
• 2001 – Leaders of the People's Republic of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan formed the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.
• 2012 – Nik Wallenda becomes the first person to successfully tightrope walk directly over Niagara Falls.
• 2013 – A bomb explodes on a bus in the Pakistani city of Quetta, killing at least 25 people and wounding 22 others.
• 2014 – Pakistan formally launches military operation against the insurgents in North Waziristan.

Births[edit]

• 1330 – Edward, the Black Prince of England (d. 1376)
• 1423 – Gabriele Sforza, Archbishop of Milan (d. 1457)
• 1479 – Lisa del Giocondo, Italian model, subject of the Mona Lisa (d. 1542)
• 1519 – Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d. 1536)
• 1542 – Richard Grenville, English captain and explorer (d. 1591)
• 1549 – Elizabeth Knollys, English noblewoman (d. 1605)
• 1553 – Archduke Ernest of Austria (d. 1595)
• 1605 – Thomas Randolph, English poet and playwright (d. 1635)
• 1623 – Cornelis de Witt, Dutch politician (d. 1672)
• 1624 – Hiob Ludolf, German orientalist and philologist (d. 1704)
• 1640 – Bernard Lamy, French mathematician and theologian (d. 1715)
• 1645 – Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin, English politician (d. 1712)
• 1749 – Georg Joseph Vogler, German organist, composer, and theorist (d. 1814)
• 1754 – Juan José Elhuyar, Spanish chemist and mineralogist (d. 1796)
• 1755 – Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy, French chemist and entomologist (d. 1809)
• 1763 – Franz Danzi, German cellist, composer, and conductor (d. 1826)
• 1763 – Kobayashi Issa, Japanese priest and poet (d. 1827)
• 1765 – Martin Baum, American businessman and politician, Mayor of Cincinnati (d. 1831)
• 1765 – Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bohnenberger, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1831)
• 1767 – Rachel Jackson, American wife of Andrew Jackson (d. 1828)
• 1777 – David Daniel Davis, Welsh physician and academic (d. 1841)
• 1789 – Josiah Henson, American minister, author, and activist (d. 1883)
• 1792 – Thomas Mitchell, Scottish-Australian colonel and explorer (d. 1855)
• 1801 – Benjamin Wright Raymond, American merchant and politician, 3rd Mayor of Chicago (d. 1883)
• 1805 – William B. Ogden, American businessman and politician, 1st Mayor of Chicago (d. 1877)
• 1809 – François-Xavier Garneau, Canadian poet and historian (d. 1866)
• 1835 – Adah Isaacs Menken, American actress, painter, and poet (d. 1868)
• 1843 – Edvard Grieg, Norwegian pianist and composer (d. 1907)
• 1848 – Gheevarghese Mar Gregorios of Parumala, Indian bishop and saint (d. 1902)
• 1872 – Thomas William Burgess, English swimmer and water polo player (d. 1950)
• 1875 – Herman Smith-Johannsen, Norwegian-Canadian skier (d. 1987)
• 1878 – Margaret Abbott, Indian-American golfer (d. 1955)
• 1881 – Kesago Nakajima, Japanese lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army (d. 1945)
• 1882 – Ion Antonescu, Romanian field marshal and politician, 43rd Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1946)
• 1884 – Harry Langdon, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1944)
• 1886 – Frank Clement, British racing driver (d. 1970)
• 1888 – Ramón López Velarde, Mexican poet and author (d. 1921)
• 1890 – Georg Wüst, German oceanographer and academic (d. 1977)
• 1894 – Robert Russell Bennett, American composer and conductor (d. 1981)
• 1894 – Nikolai Chebotaryov, Ukrainian-Russian mathematician and theorist (d. 1947)
• 1898 – Hubertus Strughold, German-American physiologist and academic (d. 1986)
• 1900 – Gotthard Günther, German philosopher and academic (d. 1984)
• 1900 – Otto Luening, German-American composer and conductor (d. 1996)
• 1901 – Elmar Lohk, Russian-Estonian architect (d. 1963)
• 1902 – Erik Erikson, German-American psychologist and psychoanalyst (d. 1994)
• 1906 – Gordon Welchman, English-American mathematician and author (d. 1985)
• 1906 – Léon Degrelle, Belgian SS officer (d. 1994)
• 1907 – James Robertson Justice, English actor and educator (d. 1975)
• 1909 – Elena Nikolaidi, Greek-American soprano and educator (d. 2002)
• 1910 – David Rose, English-American pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1990)
• 1911 – Wilbert Awdry, English author, co-created Thomas the Tank Engine (d. 1997)
• 1914 – Yuri Andropov, Russian politician (d. 1984)
• 1914 – Saul Steinberg, Romanian-American cartoonist (d. 1999)
• 1914 – Hilda Terry, American cartoonist (d. 2006)
• 1915 – Nini Theilade, Danish ballet dancer, choreographer, and educator
• 1915 – Thomas Huckle Weller, American biologist and virologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2008)
• 1916 – Olga Erteszek, Polish-American fashion designer (d. 1989)
• 1916 – Horacio Salgán, Argentinian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 2016)
• 1916 – Herbert A. Simon, American political scientist and economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)
• 1917 – John Fenn, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2010)
• 1917 – Michalis Genitsaris, Greek singer-songwriter (d. 2005)
• 1917 – Lash LaRue, American actor and producer (d. 1996)
• 1920 – Keith Andrews, American racing driver (d. 1957)
• 1920 – Alla Kazanskaya, Russian actress (d. 2008)
• 1920 – Sam Sniderman, Canadian businessman, founded Sam the Record Man (d. 2012)
• 1920 – Alberto Sordi, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2003)
• 1921 – Erroll Garner, American pianist and composer (d. 1977)
• 1922 – Jaki Byard, American pianist and composer (d. 1999)
• 1922 – Ronald King Murray, Lord Murray, Scottish judge and politician (d. 2016)
• 1922 – John Veale, English composer and educator (d. 2006)
• 1923 – Erland Josephson, Swedish actor and director (d. 2012)
• 1923 – Ninian Stephen, English-Australian lieutenant, judge, and politician, 20th Governor-General of Australia
• 1924 – Hédi Fried, Swedish author and psychologist
• 1924 – Ezer Weizman, Israeli general and politician, 7th President of Israel (d. 2005)
• 1925 – Richard Baker, English journalist and author
• 1925 – Attilâ İlhan, Turkish poet, author, and critic (d. 2005)
• 1926 – Alfred Duraiappah, Sri Lankan Tamil lawyer and politician (d. 1975)
• 1927 – Ross Andru, American illustrator (d. 1993)
• 1927 – Ibn-e-Insha, Indian-Pakistani poet and author (d. 1978)
• 1927 – Hugo Pratt, Italian author and illustrator (d. 1995)
• 1930 – John Fretwell, English soldier and diplomat, British Ambassador to France (d. 2017)
• 1930 – Miguel Méndez, American author and academic (d. 2013)
• 1930 – Marcel Pronovost, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2015)
• 1931 – Joseph Gilbert, English air marshal
• 1931 – Brian Sewell, English art dealer and critic (d. 2015)
• 1932 – David Alliance, Baron Alliance, Iranian-English businessman and politician
• 1932 – Mario Cuomo, American lawyer and politician, 52nd Governor of New York (d. 2015)
• 1932 – Zia Fariduddin Dagar, Indian singer (d. 2013)
• 1932 – Bernie Faloney, American-Canadian football player and sportscaster (d. 1999)
• 1933 – Mohammad-Ali Rajai, Iranian politician, 2nd President of Iran (d. 1981)
• 1934 – Ruby Nash Garnett, American R&B singer (Ruby & the Romantics)
• 1936 – William Levada, American cardinal
• 1937 – Pierre Billon, Swiss-Canadian author and screenwriter
• 1937 – Waylon Jennings, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2002)
• 1938 – Billy Williams, American baseball player and coach
• 1939 – Ward Connerly, American activist and businessman, founded the American Civil Rights Institute
• 1941 – Neal Adams, American illustrator
• 1941 – Harry Nilsson, American singer-songwriter (d. 1994)
• 1942 – Ian Greenberg, Canadian broadcaster, founded Astral Media
• 1942 – John E. McLaughlin, American diplomat
• 1942 – Peter Norman, Australian sprinter (d. 2006)
• 1943 – Johnny Hallyday, French singer and actor
• 1943 – Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Danish politician, 38th Prime Minister of Denmark
• 1943 – Muff Winwood, English record producer, songwriter, and bass player
• 1944 – Robert D. Keppel, American police officer and academic
• 1945 – Miriam Defensor Santiago, Filipino judge and politician (d. 2016)
• 1945 – Robert Sarah, Guinean cardinal
• 1945 – Lawrence Wilkerson, American colonel
• 1946 – Noddy Holder, English rock singer-songwriter, musician, and actor
• 1946 – John Horner, American paleontologist and academic
• 1946 – Demis Roussos, Egyptian-Greek singer-songwriter and bass player (d. 2015)
• 1947 – John Hoagland, American photographer and journalist (d. 1984)
• 1948 – Mike Holmgren, American football player and coach
• 1948 – Alan Huckle, English politician and diplomat, Governor of Anguilla
• 1948 – Henry McLeish, Scottish footballer, academic, and politician, 2nd First Minister of Scotland
• 1949 – Dusty Baker, American baseball player and manager
• 1949 – Simon Callow, English actor and director
• 1949 – Russell Hitchcock, Australian singer-songwriter
• 1949 – Jim Varney, American actor, comedian, and screenwriter (d. 2000)
• 1950 – Juliana Azumah-Mensah, Ghanaian nurse and politician
• 1950 – Lakshmi Mittal, Indian-English businessman
• 1951 – Vance A. Larson, American painter (d. 2000)
• 1951 – John Redwood, English politician, Secretary of State for Wales
• 1951 – Steve Walsh, American rock singer-songwriter and musician (Kansas)
• 1952 – Satya Pal Jain, Indian lawyer and politician, Additional Solicitor General of India
• 1953 – Vilma Bardauskienė, Lithuanian long jumper
• 1953 – Eje Elgh, Swedish race car driver and sportscaster
• 1953 – Xi Jinping, Chinese engineer and politician, General Secretary of the Communist Party and President of China
• 1953 – Raphael Wallfisch, English cellist and educator
• 1954 – Jim Belushi, American actor
• 1954 – Terri Gibbs, American country music singer and keyboard player
• 1954 – Paul Rusesabagina, Rwandan humanitarian
• 1954 – Zdeňka Šilhavá, Czech discus thrower and shot putter
• 1954 – Beverley Whitfield, Australian swimmer (d. 1996)
• 1955 – Polly Draper, American actress, producer, and screenwriter
• 1955 – Julie Hagerty, American model and actress
• 1956 – Yevgeny Kiselyov, Russian-Ukrainian journalist
• 1956 – Lance Parrish, American baseball player, coach, and manager
• 1957 – Brad Gillis, American guitarist
• 1957 – Stephen Lloyd, Kenyan-English businessman and politician
• 1958 – Wade Boggs, American baseball player
• 1958 – Scott Norton, American wrestler
• 1958 – Riccardo Paletti, Italian race car driver (d. 1982)
• 1959 – Alan Brazil, Scottish footballer and sportscaster
• 1959 – Eileen Davidson, American model and actress
• 1960 – Michèle Laroque, French actress, producer, and screenwriter
• 1960 – Marieke van Doorn, Dutch field hockey player and coach
• 1961 – Brad Armstrong, American wrestler (d. 2012)
• 1961 – Dave McAuley, Irish boxer and sportscaster
• 1962 – Chris Morris, English actor, satirist, director, and producer
• 1962 – Andrea Rost, Hungarian soprano
• 1963 – Marina Azyabina, Russian hurdler
• 1963 – Mario Gosselin, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
• 1963 – Helen Hunt, American actress, director, and producer
• 1964 – Courteney Cox, American actress and producer
• 1964 – Gavin Greenaway, English composer and conductor
• 1964 – Michael Laudrup, Danish footballer and manager
• 1965 – Annelies Bredael, Belgian rower
• 1965 – Karim Massimov, Kazakhstani politician, 7th Prime Minister of Kazakhstan
• 1965 – Adam Smith, American lawyer and politician
• 1966 – Raimonds Vējonis, Latvian politician, 9th President of Latvia
• 1968 – Károly Güttler, Hungarian swimmer
• 1969 – Jesse Bélanger, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1969 – Ice Cube, American rapper, producer, and actor
• 1969 – Idalis DeLeón, American singer and actress
• 1969 – Nasos Galakteros, Greek basketball player
• 1969 – Oliver Kahn, German footballer and sportscaster
• 1969 – Maurice Odumbe, Kenyan cricketer
• 1969 – Cédric Pioline, French tennis player
• 1970 – Christian Bauman, American soldier and author
• 1970 – Gaëlle Méchaly, French soprano
• 1970 – Leah Remini, American actress and producer
• 1970 – Žan Tabak, Croatian basketball player and coach
• 1971 – Christos Myriounis, Greek basketball player
• 1972 – Justin Leonard, American golfer
• 1972 – Andy Pettitte, American baseball player
• 1973 – Tore Andre Flo, Norwegian footballer and coach
• 1973 – Neil Patrick Harris, American actor and singer
• 1976 – Jiří Ryba, Czech decathlete
• 1977 – Michael Doleac, American basketball player and manager
• 1978 – Wilfred Bouma, Dutch footballer
• 1978 – Zach Day, American baseball player
• 1979 – Yulia Nestsiarenka, Belarusian sprinter
• 1979 – Christian Rahn, German footballer
• 1979 – Charles Zwolsman, Jr., Dutch race car driver
• 1980 – Craig Dietrich, Digital artist, scholar, and educator
• 1980 – David Lyons, Australian rugby player
• 1981 – Billy Martin, American guitarist, songwriter, and illustrator
• 1981 – John Paintsil, Ghanaian footballer
• 1981 – Jeremy Reed, American baseball player
• 1982 – Katie Chapman, English footballer
• 1982 – Mike Delany, New Zealand rugby player
• 1982 – Abdur Razzak, Bangladeshi cricketer
• 1983 – Derek Anderson, American football player
• 1983 – Julia Fischer, German violinist and pianist
• 1983 – Laura Imbruglia, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1983 – Josh McGuire, Canadian fencer
• 1984 – Luke Hodge, Australian footballer
• 1984 – Eva Hrdinová, Czech tennis player
• 1984 – Tim Lincecum, American baseball player
• 1984 – Mauro Rizzo, Italian footballer
• 1984 – Edison Toloza, Colombian footballer
• 1985 – Nadine Coyle, Irish singer
• 1986 – James Maloney, Australian rugby league player
• 1986 – Trevor Plouffe, American baseball player
• 1987 – Ani Mijačika, Croatian tennis player
• 1989 – Víctor Cabedo, Spanish cyclist (d. 2012)
• 1989 – Bryan Clauson, American racing driver (d. 2016)
• 1991 – Emily Harman, American tennis player
• 1992 – Michał Kopczyński, Polish footballer
• 1992 – Mohamed Salah, Egyptian footballer
• 1992 – Dafne Schippers, Dutch heptathlete and sprinter
• 1993 – Kanna Arihara, Japanese singer
• 1993 – Irfan Hadžić, Bosnian footballer
• 1994 – Vincent Janssen, Dutch footballer
• 1997 – Madison Kocian, American gymnast

Deaths[edit]

• 923 – Robert I of France (b. 866)
• 948 – Romanos I Lekapenos, Byzantine Emperor (b. c. 870)
• 960 – Eadburh of Winchester, English princess and saint
• 991 – Theophanu, Byzantine wife of Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 960)
• 1073 – Emperor Go-Sanjō of Japan (b. 1034)
• 1184 – Magnus Erlingsson, King of Norway (b. 1156)
• 1189 – Minamoto no Yoshitsune, Japanese general (b. 1159)
• 1246 – Frederick II, Duke of Austria (b. 1219)
• 1341 – Andronikos III Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1297)
• 1361 – Johannes Tauler, German mystic theologian
• 1381 – John Cavendish, English lawyer and judge (b. 1346)
• 1381 – Wat Tyler, English rebel leader (b. 1341)
• 1383 – John VI Kantakouzenos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1292)
• 1389 – Lazar of Serbia (b. 1329)
• 1416 – John, Duke of Berry (b. 1340)
• 1467 – Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1396)
• 1521 – Tamás Bakócz, Hungarian cardinal (b. 1442)
• 1614 – Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton, English courtier and politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (b. 1540)
• 1679 – Guillaume Courtois, French painter and illustrator (b. 1628)
• 1724 – Henry Sacheverell, English minister and politician (b. 1674)
• 1768 – James Short, Scottish mathematician and optician (b. 1710)
• 1772 – Louis-Claude Daquin, French organist and composer (b. 1694)
• 1844 – Thomas Campbell, Scottish poet and academic (b. 1777)
• 1849 – James K. Polk, American lawyer and politician, 11th President of the United States (b. 1795)
• 1858 – Ary Scheffer, Dutch-French painter and academic (b. 1795)
• 1888 – Frederick III, German Emperor (b. 1831)
• 1889 – Mihai Eminescu, Romanian journalist, author, and poet (b. 1850)
• 1890 – Unryū Kyūkichi, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 10th Yokozuna (b. 1822)
• 1917 – Kristian Birkeland, Norwegian physicist and academic (b. 1867)
• 1934 – Alfred Bruneau, French cellist and composer (b. 1857)
• 1938 – Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, German painter and illustrator (b. 1880)
• 1941 – Otfrid Foerster, German neurologist and physician (b. 1873)
• 1941 – Evelyn Underhill, English mystic and author (b. 1875)
• 1945 – Count Albert von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein, Austrian diplomat
• 1961 – Giulio Cabianca, Italian race car driver (b. 1923)
• 1961 – Peyami Safa, Turkish journalist and author (b. 1899)
• 1962 – Alfred Cortot, Swiss pianist and conductor (b. 1877)
• 1967 – Tatu Kolehmainen, Finnish runner (b. 1885)
• 1968 – Sam Crawford, American baseball player, coach, and umpire (b. 1880)
• 1968 – Wes Montgomery, American guitarist and songwriter (b. 1925)
• 1971 – Wendell Meredith Stanley, American biochemist and virologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1904)
• 1976 – Jimmy Dykes, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1896)
• 1984 – Meredith Willson, American playwright, composer, and conductor (b. 1902)
• 1985 – Andy Stanfield, American sprinter (b. 1927)
• 1989 – Maurice Bellemare, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1912)
• 1989 – Ray McAnally, Irish actor (b. 1926)
• 1991 – Happy Chandler, American businessman and politician, 49th Governor of Kentucky (b. 1898)
• 1991 – Arthur Lewis, Saint Lucian economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915)
• 1992 – Chuck Menville, American animator, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1940)
• 1992 – Brett Whiteley, Australian painter (b. 1939)
• 1993 – John Connally, American commander, lawyer, and politician, 61st United States Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1917)
• 1993 – James Hunt, English race car driver and sportscaster (b. 1947)
• 1994 – Manos Hatzidakis, Greek composer and theorist (b. 1925)
• 1995 – John Vincent Atanasoff, American physicist and inventor, invented the Atanasoff–Berry computer (b. 1903)
• 1996 – Ella Fitzgerald, American singer and actress (b. 1917)
• 1996 – Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1st Baronet, Scottish general and politician (b. 1911)
• 1996 – Dick Murdoch, American wrestler (b. 1946)
• 1999 – Omer Côté, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1906)
• 2000 – Jules Roy, French author, poet, and playwright (b. 1907)
• 2001 – Henri Alekan, French cinematographer (b. 1909)
• 2002 – Choi Hong Hi, South Korean general and martial artist, founded Taekwondo (b. 1918)
• 2003 – Hume Cronyn, Canadian-American actor (b. 1911)
• 2004 – Ahmet Piriştina, Turkish politician and mayor of İzmir (b. 1952)
• 2005 – Suzanne Flon, French actress (b. 1918)
• 2006 – Raymond Devos, Belgian-French comedian and clown (b. 1922)
• 2006 – Herb Pearson, New Zealand cricketer (b. 1910)
• 2008 – Ray Getliffe, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1914)
• 2011 – Bill Haast, American herpetologist and academic (b. 1910)
• 2012 – Phillip D. Cagan, American economist and author (b. 1927)
• 2012 – Capitola Dickerson, American pianist and educator (b. 1913)
• 2012 – Barry MacKay, American tennis player and sportscaster (b. 1935)
• 2012 – Israel Nogueda Otero, Mexican economist and politician, 10th Governor of Guerrero (b. 1935)
• 2012 – Jerry Tubbs, American football player and coach (b. 1935)
• 2013 – Heinz Flohe, German footballer and manager (b. 1948)
• 2013 – José Froilán González, Argentinian race car driver (b. 1922)
• 2013 – Stan Lopata, American baseball player (b. 1925)
• 2013 – Dennis O'Rourke, Australian director and producer (b. 1945)
• 2013 – Kenneth G. Wilson, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1936)
• 2014 – Jacques Bergerac, French actor and businessman (b. 1927)
• 2014 – Casey Kasem, American radio host, producer, and voice actor, co-created American Top 40 (b. 1932)
• 2014 – Daniel Keyes, American short story writer and novelist (b. 1927)
• 2014 – Moise Safra, Brazilian businessman and philanthropist, co-founded Banco Safra (b. 1934)
• 2015 – Jean Doré, Canadian politician, 39th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1944)
• 2015 – Kirk Kerkorian, American businessman, founded the Tracinda Corporation (b. 1917)
• 2016 – Lois Duncan, American author (b. 1934

Yoko Ono added to Imagine writing credits

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

More than 40 years after the song's release, Yoko Ono is receiving a songwriting credit on John Lennon's classic Imagine.

The surprise announcement was made at an annual meeting of the National Music Publishers Association in New York on Wednesday.

They explained the move by playing a clip of Lennon saying Imagine "should be credited as a Lennon-Ono song".

"A lot of it - the lyric and the concept - came from Yoko," he said.

"But those days I was a bit more selfish, a bit more macho, and I sort of omitted to mention her contribution. 

"But it was right out of Grapefruit, her book. There's a whole pile of pieces about 'Imagine this' and 'Imagine that.'"

Image copyrightSEAN ONO LENNON / INSTAGRAM

Ono and her son, Sean Ono Lennon, were at the ceremony to pick up a song of the century award in honour of Imagine, and were not expecting the announcement.

"When they officially acknowledged - through my father's account - that my mother co-wrote Imagine, the song of the century, it may have been the happiest day of mine and [my] mother's life," Lennon told Billboard magazine. 

An emotional Patti Smith, accompanied on piano by her daughter Jessie, then performed the song.

The process of adding Ono to Imagine's writing credits is under way but has not yet been completed, said David Israelite, who runs the National Music Publishers Association.

He added that there may be some opposition to the move as, in US law, a song enters the public domain 70 years after the death of its last creator.

Attaching Ono's name to the song will significantly extend the period of time for which it continues to generate income for the rights-holders.

However, as Ono is already a beneficiary of Lennon's estate, the move would not significantly alter the distribution of royalties.

'Petty and absurd'

However, it is interesting to note that Ono previously threatened legal action to stop Sir Paul McCartney changing the songwriting credits for 19 Beatles songs featured on his live album Back In The US (2002). 

Classics including Eleanor Rigby, Yesterday and Let It Be were attributed to "Paul McCartney and John Lennon" instead of the traditional Lennon-McCartney. 

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

Ono's lawyer called the move "ridiculous, absurd and petty"; while Ono described it as "totally inappropriate".

"It is very petty," she said. "John and Paul often disagreed on which songs were written by whom. 

"If John was here now they could fight it out or maybe they could never agree. The point is he is not."

Similarly, when the Beatles Anthology series was released in 1995, Sir Paul asked the other Beatles and Ono if they would mind the name McCartney appearing before Lennon on Yesterday, a song he wrote alone.

George Harrison and Ringo Starr had no objection but Ono vetoed the idea.

She did not allude to these events at Wednesday night's ceremony, but said a recent illness (she appeared in a wheelchair) had made given her a new perspective on Imagine and life in general.

"This is the best time of my life" she added.

Drug that creates a 'real sun-tan' could prevent cancer

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

Scientists have developed a drug that mimics sunlight to make the skin tan, with no damaging UV radiation involved. 

The drug tricks the skin into producing the brown form of the pigment melanin in tests on skin samples and mice. 

Evidence suggests it will work even on redheads, who normally just burn in the sun. 

The team at Massachusetts General Hospital hope their discovery could prevent skin cancer and even slow the appearance of ageing. 

Potent tan

UV light makes the skin tan by causing damage. 

This kicks off a chain of chemical reactions in the skin that ultimately leads to dark melanin - the body's natural sunblock - being made.

The drug is rubbed into the skin to skip the damage and kick-start the process of making melanin. 

Dr David Fisher, one of the researchers, told the BBC News website: "It has a potent darkening effect.

"Under the microscope it's the real melanin, it really is activating the production of pigment in a UV-independent fashion."

Image copyrightNISMA MUJAHID AND DAVID FISHER

It is a markedly different approach to fake tan, which "paints" the skin without the protection from melanin, sun beds, which expose the skin to UV light or pills that claim to boost melanin production but still need UV light.

But the team is not motivated by making a new cosmetic.

Dr Fisher said the lack of progress in skin cancer - the most common type of cancer - was a "very significant frustration". 

He added: "Our real goal is a novel strategy for protecting skin from UV radiation and cancer.

"Dark pigment is associated with a lower risk of all forms of skin cancer - that would be really huge."

Tests, detailed in the journal Cell Reports, have shown the melanin produced by the drug was able to block harmful UV rays. 

Eventually the scientists want to combine their drug with sun-cream to give maximum protection from solar radiation. 

Dr Fisher said everyone should "absolutely" use sun-cream but its weakness was it "keeps you pale".

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

The way the drug works could also allow a ginger tan, as the genetic mutation that causes red hair and fair skin disrupts the normal process where UV light leads to dark melanin. 

It is not yet clear if the drug might have the unintended consequence of affecting the glorious hair colour, but it is thought the hair follicle is too deep in the skin for the drug to reach.

But whether you are ginger, blonde or brunette, the drug is not yet ready for commercial use. 

The researchers want to do more safety testing, although so far there has been "no hint of problems".

They will probably want to give it a better name than an SIK-inhibitor too. 

Matthew Gass, from the British Association of Dermatologists, said the study was a "novel approach" to preventing skin cancer.

He added: "A lot more research has to be done before we see this sort of technology being used on humans, however, it's certainly an interesting proposition.

"Skin cancer rates in the UK are going through the roof... any research into ways that we can prevent people from developing skin cancer in the first place is to be welcomed."

Stopping UV damage could have an extra boon beyond cancer - slowing the appearance of ageing.

Dr Fisher's final piece of promise for the research is: "Many people would say the obvious and most dramatic sign of ageing is what skin looks like and even casual UV damage over the years causes damage.

"Medically it is very difficult to focus on, but if it is tremendously safe then it could keep skin healthier for longer."

The Netherlands is turning empty prisons into luxury hotels

The Het Arresthuis is a newly transformed hotel located just outside of Amsterdam. 

• The Netherlands has begun turning empty prisons into luxury hotels.
• The country has seen a dramatic drop in incarceration rates over the past 10 years.
• The Het Arresthuis is a newly transformed hotel located just outside of Amsterdam.
• From the minimalist bedrooms to the bold lobby, the former prison is truly unrecognizable.

---

While many American prisons are trying to navigate overcrowding, prisons in the Netherlands are so empty, people are coming up with creative new plans for the buildings.

Over the past 10 years, the incarceration rate in the Netherlands has dropped from one of the highest in Europe to one of the lowest (57 people per 100,000). The recorded crime rate has dropped 25 percent over the past eight years. And although some argue that the main reason behind the drop is the closings of police stations across the country, there are now former prisons just sitting empty — and available for rent.

While some prison buildings are repurposed as asylums or housing for Syrian refugees , some are being turned into attractions.

Het Arresthuis/Facebook

The Het Arresthuis (Dutch for “house arrest”) in Roermond is a former prison-turned-hotel just outside of Amsterdam. Guest rooms are former detention cells that have been redone to the point of becoming unrecognizable — except for the entrances to the rooms, which are still the original jail cell doors.

Het Arresthuis/Facebook

Het Arresthuis/Facebook

Guests can choose to upgrade to one of four suites, named The Jailer, The Lawyer, The Director, and The Judge. There’s Wi-Fi, flat-screen TVs, and even a gourmet restaurant. Guests can work out in the fitness center or sit in the hotel’s sauna for some relaxation.

[edit]

• 363 – Emperor Julian marches back up the Tigris and burns his fleet of supply ships. During the withdrawal Roman forces suffered several attacks from the Persians.
• 632 – Yazdegerd III ascends to the throne as king (shah) of the Persian Empire. He becomes the last ruler of the Sasanian dynasty(modern Iran).
• 1407 – Ming–Hồ War: Retired King Hồ Quý Ly and his son King Hồ Hán Thương of Hồ dynasty are captured by the Ming armies.
• 1487 – Battle of Stoke Field, the final engagement of the Wars of the Roses.
• 1586 – Mary, Queen of Scots, recognizes Philip II of Spain as her heir and successor.
• 1745 – War of the Austrian Succession: New England colonial troops under the command of William Pepperrell capture the Fortress of Louisbourg in Louisbourg, New France (Old Style date).
• 1746 – War of the Austrian Succession: Austria and Sardinia defeat a Franco-Spanish army at the Battle of Piacenza.
• 1755 – French and Indian War: The French surrender Fort Beauséjour to the British, leading to the expulsion of the Acadians.
• 1774 – Foundation of Harrodsburg, Kentucky.
• 1779 – Spain declares war on the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the Great Siege of Gibraltar begins.
• 1795 – Cornwallis's Retreat, also known as the First Battle of Groix.
• 1815 – Battle of Ligny and Battle of Quatre Bras, two days before the Battle of Waterloo.
• 1836 – The formation of the London Working Men's Association gives rise to the Chartist Movement.
• 1846 – The Papal conclave of 1846 elects Pope Pius IX, beginning the longest reign in the history of the papacy.
• 1858 – Abraham Lincoln delivers his House Divided speech in Springfield, Illinois.
• 1858 – The Battle of Morar takes place during the Indian Mutiny.
• 1871 – The University Tests Act allows students to enter the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Durham without religious tests (except for those intending to study theology).
• 1883 – The Victoria Hall theatre panic in Sunderland, England kills 183 children.
• 1884 – The first purpose-built roller coaster, LaMarcus Adna Thompson's "Switchback Railway", opens in New York's Coney Island amusement park.
• 1891 – John Abbott becomes Canada's third Prime Minister.
• 1897 – A treaty annexing the Republic of Hawaii to the United States is signed; the Republic would not be dissolved until a year later.
• 1903 – The Ford Motor Company is incorporated.
• 1903 – Roald Amundsen commences the first east-west navigation of the Northwest Passage, leaving Oslo, Norway.
• 1904 – Eugen Schauman assassinates Nikolay Bobrikov, Governor-General of Finland.
• 1904 – Irish author James Joyce begins a relationship with Nora Barnacle and subsequently uses the date to set the actions for his novel Ulysses; this date is now traditionally called "Bloomsday".
• 1911 – IBM founded as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company in Endicott, New York.
• 1922 – General election in the Irish Free State: The pro-Treaty Sinn Féin win a large majority.
• 1925 – The most famous Young Pioneer camp of the Soviet Union, Artek, is established.
• 1930 – Sovnarkom establishes decree time in the USSR.
• 1933 – The National Industrial Recovery Act is passed.
• 1940 – World War II: Marshal Henri Philippe Pétain becomes Chief of State of Vichy France (Chef de l'État Français).
• 1940 – A Communist government is installed in Lithuania.
• 1944 – At age 14, George Junius Stinney, Jr. becomes the youngest person executed in the United States in the 20th century.
• 1948 – Members of the Malayan Communist Party kill three British plantation managers in Sungai Siput; in response, British Malaya declares a state of emergency.
• 1955 – In a futile effort to topple Argentine President Juan Perón, rogue aircraft pilots of the Argentine Navy drop several bombs upon an unarmed crowd demonstrating in favor of Perón in Buenos Aires, killing 364 and injuring at least 800. At the same time on the ground, some soldiers attempt to stage a coup but are suppressed by loyal forces.
• 1958 – Imre Nagy, Pál Maléter and other leaders of the 1956 Hungarian Uprising are executed.
• 1961 – Rudolf Nureyev defects from the Soviet Union.
• 1963 – Soviet Space Program: Vostok 6 Mission: Cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman in space.
• 1972 – The largest single-site hydroelectric power project in Canada is inaugurated at Churchill Falls Generating Station.
• 1976 – Soweto uprising: A non-violent march by 15,000 students in Soweto, South Africa turns into days of rioting when police open fire on the crowd.
• 1977 – Oracle Corporation is incorporated in Redwood Shores, California, as Software Development Laboratories (SDL) by Larry Ellison, Bob Miner and Ed Oates.
• 1981 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan awards the Congressional Gold Medal to Ken Taylor, Canada's former ambassador to Iran, for helping six Americans escape from Iran during the hostage crisis of 1979-81; he is the first foreign citizen bestowed the honor.
• 1989 – Revolutions of 1989: Imre Nagy, the former Hungarian Prime Minister, is reburied in Budapest following the collapse of Communism in Hungary.
• 1997 – Daïat Labguer (M'sila) massacre in Algeria: Fifty people die.
• 2000 – Israel complies with United Nations Security Council Resolution 425 22 years after its issuance, which calls on Israel to completely withdraw from Lebanon. Israel does so, except the disputed Shebaa farms.
• 2010 – Bhutan becomes the first country to institute a total ban on tobacco.
• 2012 – China successfully launches its Shenzhou 9 spacecraft, carrying three astronauts, including the first female Chinese astronaut Liu Yang, to the Tiangong-1orbital module.
• 2012 – The United States Air Force's robotic Boeing X-37B spaceplane returns to Earth after a classified 469-day orbital mission.
• 2013 – A multi-day cloudburst centered on the North Indian state of Uttarakhand caused devastating floods and landslides becoming the country's worst natural disaster since the 2004 tsunami.

Births[edit]

• 1139 – Emperor Konoe of Japan (d. 1155)
• 1332 – Isabella de Coucy, English daughter of Edward III of England (d. 1382)
• 1454 – Joanna of Aragon, Queen of Naples (d. 1517)
• 1514 – John Cheke, English academic and politician, English Secretary of State (d. 1557)
• 1583 – Axel Oxenstierna, Swedish politician, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden (d. 1654)
• 1591 – Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, Greek-Italian physician, mathematician, and theorist (d. 1655)
• 1606 – Arthur Chichester, 1st Earl of Donegall, Irish soldier and politician (d. 1675)
• 1613 – John Cleveland, English poet and educator (d. 1658)
• 1625 – Samuel Chappuzeau, French scholar (d. 1701)
• 1633 – Jean de Thévenot, French linguist and botanist (d. 1667)
• 1653 – James Bertie, 1st Earl of Abingdon, English nobleman (d. 1699)
• 1713 – Meshech Weare, American farmer, lawyer, and politician, 1st Governor of New Hampshire (d. 1786)
• 1723 – Adam Smith, Scottish philosopher and economist (d. 1790)
• 1738 – Mary Katherine Goddard, American publisher (d. 1816)
• 1754 – Salawat Yulayev, Russian poet (d. 1800)
• 1792 – John Linnell, English painter and engraver (d. 1882)
• 1801 – Julius Plücker, German mathematician and physicist (d. 1868)
• 1806 – Edward Davy, English physician and chemist (d. 1885)
• 1813 – Otto Jahn, German archaeologist and philologist (d. 1869)
• 1820 – Athanase Josué Coquerel, Dutch-French preacher and theologian (d. 1875)
• 1821 – Old Tom Morris, Scottish golfer and architect (d. 1908)
• 1826 – Constantin von Ettingshausen, Austrian geologist and botanist (d. 1897)
• 1829 – Geronimo, American tribal leader (d. 1909)
• 1836 – Wesley Merritt, American general and politician, Military Governor of the Philippines (d. 1910)
• 1837 – Ernst Laas, German philosopher and academic (d. 1885)
• 1838 – Frederic Archer, English organist, composer, and conductor (d. 1901)
• 1838 – Cushman Kellogg Davis, American lieutenant and politician, 7th Governor of Minnesota (d. 1900)
• 1840 – Ernst Otto Schlick, German engineer and author (d. 1913)
• 1850 – Max Delbrück, German chemist and academic (d. 1919)
• 1857 – Arthur Arz von Straußenburg, Austrian-Hungarian general (d. 1935)
• 1858 – Gustaf V of Sweden (d. 1950)
• 1866 – Germanos Karavangelis, Greek-Austrian metropolitan (d. 1935)
• 1874 – Arthur Meighen, Canadian lawyer and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1960)
• 1880 – Otto Eisenschiml, Austrian-American chemist and author (d. 1963)
• 1881 – Natalia Goncharova, Russian painter, costume designer, and illustrator (d. 1962)
• 1882 – Mohammad Mosaddegh, Iranian educator and politician, 60th Prime Minister of Iran (d. 1967)
• 1885 – Erich Jacoby, Estonian-Polish architect (d. 1941)
• 1888 – Alexander Friedmann, Russian physicist and mathematician (d. 1925)
• 1888 – Peter Stoner, American mathematician and astronomer (d. 1980)
• 1890 – Stan Laurel, English actor and comedian (d. 1965)
• 1896 – Murray Leinster, American author and screenwriter (d. 1976)
• 1897 – Georg Wittig, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)
• 1899 – Helen Traubel, American operatic soprano (d. 1972)
• 1902 – Barbara McClintock, American geneticist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1992)
• 1902 – George Gaylord Simpson, American paleontologist and author (d. 1984)
• 1906 – Alan Fairfax, Australian cricketer (d. 1955)
• 1907 – Jack Albertson, American actor (d. 1981)
• 1909 – Archie Carr, American ecologist and zoologist (d. 1987)
• 1910 – Juan Velasco Alvarado, Peruvian general and politician, 1st President of Peru (d. 1977)
• 1912 – Albert Chartier, Canadian illustrator (d. 2004)
• 1912 – Enoch Powell, English soldier and politician, Secretary of State for Health (d. 1998)
• 1915 – John Tukey, American mathematician and academic (d. 2000)
• 1917 – Phaedon Gizikis, Greek general and politician, President of Greece (d. 1999)
• 1917 – Katharine Graham, American publisher (d. 2001)
• 1917 – Aurelio Lampredi, Italian automobile and aircraft engine designer (d. 1989)
• 1917 – Irving Penn, American photographer (d. 2009)
• 1920 – John Howard Griffin, American journalist and author (d. 1980)
• 1920 – Isabelle Holland, Swiss-American author (d. 2002)
• 1920 – Raymond Lemieux, Canadian chemist and academic (d. 2002)
• 1920 – José López Portillo, Mexican lawyer and politician, 31st President of Mexico (d. 2004)
• 1922 – Ilmar Kullam, Estonian basketball player and coach (d. 2011)
• 1923 – Ron Flockhart, Scottish race car driver (d. 1962)
• 1924 – Faith Domergue, American actress (d. 1999)
• 1925 – Jean d'Ormesson, French journalist and author
• 1925 – Otto Muehl, Austrian-Portuguese painter and director (d. 2013)
• 1926 – Efraín Ríos Montt, Guatemalan general and politician, 26th President of Guatemala
• 1927 – Tom Graveney, English cricketer and sportscaster (d. 2015)
• 1927 – Herbert Lichtenfeld, German author and screenwriter (d. 2001)
• 1927 – Ariano Suassuna, Brazilian author and playwright (d. 2014)
• 1930 – Vilmos Zsigmond, Hungarian-American cinematographer and producer (d. 2016)
• 1934 – Eileen Atkins, English actress and screenwriter
• 1934 – Roger Neilson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2003)
• 1935 – Jim Dine, American painter and illustrator
• 1937 – Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Bulgarian politician, 48th Prime Minister of Bulgaria
• 1937 – Erich Segal, American author and screenwriter (d. 2010)
• 1938 – Thomas Boyd-Carpenter, English general
• 1938 – Torgny Lindgren, Swedish author and poet (d. 2017)
• 1938 – Joyce Carol Oates, American novelist, short story writer, critic, and poet
• 1939 – Billy "Crash" Craddock, American singer-songwriter
• 1940 – Māris Čaklais, Latvian poet, writer, and journalist (d. 2003)
• 1940 – Neil Goldschmidt, American lawyer and politician, 33rd Governor of Oregon
• 1941 – Rosalind Baker, Australian author
• 1941 – Lamont Dozier, American songwriter and producer
• 1941 – Tommy Horton, English golfer
• 1941 – Mumtaz Hamid Rao, Pakistani journalist (d. 2011)
• 1942 – Giacomo Agostini, Italian motorcycle racer and manager
• 1942 – Eddie Levert, American R&B/soul singer-songwriter, musician, and actor
• 1944 – Henri Richelet, French painter and etcher
• 1945 – Claire Alexander, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1945 – Lucienne Robillard, Canadian social worker and politician, 59th Secretary of State for Canada
• 1946 – Rick Adelman, American basketball player and coach
• 1946 – John Astor, 3rd Baron Astor of Hever, English businessman and politician
• 1946 – Karen Dunnell, English statistician and academic
• 1946 – Tom Harrell, American trumpet player and composer
• 1946 – Neil MacGregor, Scottish historian and curator
• 1946 – Iain Matthews, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1946 – Jodi Rell, American politician, 87th Governor of Connecticut
• 1946 – Mark Ritts, American actor, puppeteer, and producer (d. 2009)
• 1946 – Derek Sanderson, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
• 1946 – Simon Williams, English actor and playwright
• 1947 – Tom Malone, American trombonist, composer, and producer
• 1947 – Buddy Roberts, American wrestler (d. 2012)
• 1947 – Tom Wyner, English-American voice actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1948 – Ron LeFlore, American baseball player and manager
• 1949 – Paulo Cézar Caju, Brazilian footballer
• 1949 – Ralph Mann, American hurdler and author
• 1950 – Mithun Chakraborty, Indian actor and politician
• 1950 – Michel Clair, Canadian lawyer and politician
• 1951 – Charlie Dominici, American singer and guitarist
• 1951 – Roberto Durán, Panamanian boxer
• 1952 – George Papandreou, Greek sociologist and politician, 182nd Prime Minister of Greece
• 1952 – Gino Vannelli, Canadian singer-songwriter
• 1953 – Valerie Mahaffey, American actress
• 1953 – Ian Mosley, English drummer
• 1954 – Matthew Saad Muhammad, American boxer and trainer (d. 2014)
• 1954 – Garry Roberts, Irish guitarist
• 1955 – Grete Faremo, Norwegian politician, Norwegian Minister of Defence
• 1955 – Laurie Metcalf, American actress
• 1955 – Artemy Troitsky, Russian journalist and critic
• 1957 – Ian Buchanan, Scottish-American actor
• 1957 – Leeona Dorrian, Lady Dorrian, Scottish lawyer and judge
• 1958 – Darrell Griffith, American basketball player
• 1958 – Ulrike Tauber, German swimmer
• 1958 – Warren Rodwell Australian soldier, educator and musician
• 1959 – The Ultimate Warrior, American wrestler (d. 2014)
• 1960 – Peter Sterling, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
• 1961 – Can Dündar, Turkish journalist and author
• 1961 – Robbie Kerr, Australian cricketer
• 1961 – Steve Larmer, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1961 – Margus Metstak, Estonian basketball player and coach
• 1962 – Wally Joyner, American baseball player and coach
• 1962 – Arnold Vosloo, South African-American actor
• 1963 – The Sandman, American wrestler
• 1964 – Danny Burstein, American actor and singer
• 1965 – Michael Richard Lynch, Irish computer scientist and entrepreneur; co-founded HP Autonomy
• 1965 – Richard Madaleno, American politician
• 1966 – Mark Occhilupo, Australian surfer
• 1966 – Olivier Roumat, French rugby player
• 1966 – Phil Vischer, American voice actor, director, producer, and screenwriter, co-created VeggieTales
• 1966 – Jan Železný, Czech javelin thrower and coach
• 1967 – Charalambos Andreou, Cypriot footballer
• 1967 – Jürgen Klopp, German footballer and manager
• 1968 – Adam Schmitt, American singer-songwriter, musician, and producer
• 1969 – Shami Chakrabarti, English lawyer and academic
• 1969 – Mark Crossley, English-Welsh footballer and manager
• 1970 – Younus AlGohar, Pakistani poet and academic, co-founded Messiah Foundation International
• 1970 – Cobi Jones, American soccer player and manager
• 1970 – Phil Mickelson, American golfer
• 1971 – Tupac Shakur, American rapper and producer (d. 1996)
• 1973 – Eddie Cibrian, American actor
• 1974 – Glenicia James, West Indian cricketer
• 1975 – Anthony Carter, American basketball player and coach
• 1977 – Craig Fitzgibbon, Australian rugby league player and coach
• 1977 – Duncan Hames, English accountant and politician
• 1977 – Kerry Wood, American baseball player
• 1978 – Daniel Brühl, Spanish-German actor
• 1978 – Dainius Zubrus, Lithuanian ice hockey player
• 1980 – Brandon Armstrong, American basketball player
• 1980 – Phil Christophers, German-English rugby player
• 1980 – Henry Perenara, New Zealand rugby league player and referee
• 1980 – Martin Stranzl, Austrian footballer
• 1981 – Benjamin Becker, German tennis player
• 1981 – Kevin Bieksa, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1981 – Ola Kvernberg, Norwegian violinist
• 1981 – Miguel Villalta, Peruvian footballer
• 1982 – May Andersen, Danish model and actress
• 1982 – Missy Peregrym, Canadian model and actress
• 1983 – Armend Dallku, Albanian footballer
• 1984 – Rick Nash, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1984 – Steven Whittaker, Scottish footballer
• 1986 – Rodrigo Defendi, Brazilian footballer
• 1986 – Urby Emanuelson, Dutch footballer
• 1986 – Fernando Muslera, Uruguayan footballer
• 1987 – Diana DeGarmo, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1987 – Christian Tshimanga Kabeya, Belgian footballer
• 1991 – Joe McElderry, English singer-songwriter
• 1991 – Matt Moylan, Australian rugby league player
• 1992 – Vladimir Morozov, Russian swimmer
• 1994 – Grete-Lilijane Küppas, Estonian footballer
• 1994 – Rezar, Albanian professional wrestler
• 1995 – Euan Aitken, Australian rugby league player
• 1995 – Aleksandr Aksyonov, Russian footballer
• 1995 – Joseph Schooling, Singaporean swimmer

Deaths[edit]

• 840 – Rorgon I, Frankish nobleman (or 839)
• 924 – Li Cunshen, general of Later Tang (b. 862)
• 1185 – Richeza of Poland, Queen of Castile (b. c. 1140)
• 1286 – Hugh de Balsham, Bishop of Ely
• 1332 – Adam de Brome, founder of Oriel College, Oxford
• 1424 – Johannes Ambundii, Archbishop of Riga
• 1468 – Jean Le Fèvre de Saint-Remy, Burgundian historian and author (b. 1395)
• 1487 – John de la Pole, 1st Earl of Lincoln (b. c. 1463)
• 1540 – Konrad von Thüngen, German noble (b. c. 1466)
• 1622 – Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline, Scottish lawyer, judge, and politician, Lord Chancellor of Scotland (b. 1555)
• 1666 – Sir Richard Fanshawe, 1st Baronet, English poet and diplomat, English Ambassador to Spain (b. 1608)
• 1722 – John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Oxfordshire (b. 1650)
• 1749 – Johann Baptista Ruffini, Italian businessman (b. 1672)
• 1752 – Joseph Butler, English bishop and philosopher (b. 1692)
• 1777 – Jean-Baptiste-Louis Gresset, French poet and playwright (b. 1709)
• 1779 – Sir Francis Bernard, 1st Baronet, English lawyer and politician, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (b. 1712)
• 1792 – Benjamin Tupper, American general and surveyor (b. 1738)
• 1804 – Johann Adam Hiller, German composer and conductor (b. 1728)
• 1824 – Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance, French lawyer and politician (b. 1739)
• 1849 – Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette, German theologian and scholar (b. 1780)
• 1850 – William Lawson, English-Australian explorer and politician (b. 1774)
• 1858 – John Snow, English epidemiologist and physician (b. 1813)
• 1862 – Hidenoyama Raigorō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 9th Yokozuna (b. 1808)
• 1869 – Charles Sturt, Indian-English botanist and explorer (b. 1795)
• 1872 – Norman MacLeod, Scottish minister and author (b. 1812)
• 1878 – Crawford Long, American surgeon and pharmacist (b. 1815)
• 1878 – Kikuchi Yōsai, Japanese painter (b. 1781)
• 1881 – Josiah Mason, English businessman and philanthropist (b. 1795)
• 1885 – Wilhelm Camphausen, German painter and academic (b. 1818)
• 1886 – Alexander Stuart, Scottish-Australian politician, 9th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1824)
• 1902 – Ernst Schröder, German mathematician and academic (b. 1841)
• 1925 – Chittaranjan Das, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1870)
• 1929 – Bramwell Booth, English 2nd General of The Salvation Army (b. 1856)
• 1929 – Vernon Louis Parrington, American historian and scholar (b. 1871)
• 1930 – Ezra Fitch, American lawyer and businessman, co-founded Abercrombie & Fitch (b. 1866)
• 1930 – Elmer Ambrose Sperry, American inventor, co-invented the gyrocompass (b. 1860)
• 1939 – Chick Webb, American drummer and bandleader (b. 1905)
• 1940 – DuBose Heyward, American author (b. 1885)
• 1944 – Marc Bloch, French historian and academic (b. 1886)
• 1945 – Aris Velouchiotis, Greek general (b. 1905)
• 1946 – Gordon Brewster, Irish cartoonist (b 1889)
• 1952 – Andrew Lawson, Scottish-American geologist and academic (b. 1861)
• 1953 – Margaret Bondfield, English politician, Secretary of State for Work and Pensions (b. 1873)
• 1955 – Ozias Leduc, Canadian painter (b. 1864)
• 1958 – Pál Maléter, Hungarian general and politician, Minister of Defence of Hungary (b. 1917)
• 1958 – Imre Nagy, Hungarian politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1895)
• 1959 – George Reeves, American actor and director (b. 1914)
• 1961 – Marcel Junod, Swiss physician and anesthesiologist (b. 1904)
• 1967 – Reginald Denny, English actor (b. 1891)
• 1969 – Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis, English field marshal and politician, 17th Governor General of Canada (b. 1891)
• 1970 – Sydney Chapman, English mathematician and geophysicist (b. 1888)
• 1970 – Brian Piccolo, American football player (b. 1943)
• 1971 – John Reith, 1st Baron Reith, Scottish broadcaster, co-founded BBC (b. 1889)
• 1977 – Wernher von Braun, German-American physicist and engineer (b. 1912)
• 1979 – Ignatius Kutu Acheampong, Ghanaian general and politician, 6th Head of state of Ghana (b. 1931)
• 1979 – Nicholas Ray, American actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1911)
• 1981 – Thomas Playford IV, Australian politician, 33rd Premier of South Australia (b. 1896)
• 1982 – James Honeyman-Scott, English guitarist and songwriter (b. 1956)
• 1984 – Lew Andreas, American football player and coach (b. 1895)
• 1984 – Erni Krusten, Estonian author and poet (b. 1900)
• 1986 – Maurice Duruflé, French organist and composer (b. 1902)
• 1987 – Marguerite de Angeli, American author and illustrator (b. 1889)
• 1988 – Miguel Piñero, Puerto Rican-American actor and playwright (b. 1946)
• 1993 – Lindsay Hassett, Australian cricketer and soldier (b. 1913)
• 1994 – Kristen Pfaff, American bass player and songwriter (b. 1967)
• 1996 – Mel Allen, American sportscaster and game show host (b. 1913)
• 1997 – Dal Stivens, Australian soldier and author (b. 1911)
• 1998 – Fred Wacker, American race car driver and engineer (b. 1918)
• 1999 – Screaming Lord Sutch, English singer and activist (b. 1940)
• 2003 – Pierre Bourgault, Canadian journalist and politician (b. 1934)
• 2003 – Georg Henrik von Wright, Finnish–Swedish philosopher and author (b. 1916)
• 2004 – Thanom Kittikachorn, Thai field marshal and politician, 10th Prime Minister of Thailand (b. 1911)
• 2004 – Jacques Miquelon, Canadian lawyer and judge (b. 1911)
• 2005 – Enrique Laguerre, Puerto Rican-American author and critic (b. 1906)
• 2008 – Mario Rigoni Stern, Italian soldier and author (b. 1921)
• 2010 – Marc Bazin, Haitian lawyer and politician, 49th President of Haiti (b. 1932)
• 2010 – Maureen Forrester, Canadian singer and academic (b. 1930)
• 2010 – Ronald Neame, English director, producer, cinematographer, and screenwriter (b. 1911)
• 2011 – Östen Mäkitalo, Swedish engineer and academic (b. 1938)
• 2012 – Nils Karlsson, Swedish skier (b. 1917)
• 2012 – Jorge Lankenau, Mexican banker and businessman (b. 1944)
• 2012 – Sławomir Petelicki, Polish general (b. 1946)
• 2012 – Susan Tyrrell, American actress (b. 1945)
• 2013 – Sam Farber, American businessman, co-founded OXO (b. 1924)
• 2013 – Hans Hass, Austrian biologist and diver (b. 1919)
• 2013 – Khondakar Ashraf Hossain, Bangladesh poet and academic (b. 1950)
• 2013 – Norman Ian MacKenzie, English journalist and author (b. 1921)
• 2013 – Ottmar Walter, German footballer (b. 1924)
• 2014 – Tony Gwynn, American baseball player and coach (b. 1960)
• 2014 – Cándido Muatetema Rivas, Equatoguinean politician and diplomat, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (b. 1960)
• 2015 – Charles Correa, Indian architect and urban planner (b. 1930)
• 2015 – Jean Vautrin, French director, screenwriter, and critic (b. 1933)
• 2016 – Jo Cox, English political activist and MP (b. 1974)

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