[edit]

• 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila was made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop.
• 1649 – The claimant King Charles II of England and Scotland is declared King of Great Britain, by the Parliament of Scotland. This move was not followed by the Parliament of England nor the Parliament of Ireland.
• 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland becomes King upon the death of his brother Charles II.
• 1778 – American Revolutionary War: In Paris the Treaty of Alliance and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce are signed by the United States and France signaling official recognition of the new republic.
• 1788 – Massachusetts becomes the sixth state to ratify the United States Constitution.
• 1806 – Battle of San Domingo: British naval victory against the French in the Caribbean.
• 1815 – New Jersey grants the first American railroad charter to John Stevens.
• 1819 – Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles founds Singapore.
• 1820 – The first 86 African American immigrants sponsored by the American Colonization Society depart New York to start a settlement in present-day Liberia.
• 1833 – Otto becomes the first modern King of Greece.
• 1840 – Signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, establishing New Zealand as a British colony.
• 1843 – The first minstrel show in the United States, The Virginia Minstrels, opens (Bowery Amphitheatre in New York City).
• 1851 – The largest Australian bushfires in a populous region in recorded history take place in the state of Victoria.
• 1862 – American Civil War: Forces under the command of Ulysses S. Grant and Andrew H. Foote give the Union its first victory of the war, capturing Fort Henry, Tennessee in the Battle of Fort Henry.
• 1899 – Spanish–American War: The Treaty of Paris, a peace treaty between the United States and Spain, is ratified by the United States Senate.
• 1900 – The Permanent Court of Arbitration, an international arbitration court at The Hague, is created when the Senate of the Netherlands ratifies an 1899 peace conference decree.
• 1918 – British women over the age of 30 get the right to vote.
• 1922 – The Washington Naval Treaty is signed in Washington, D.C., limiting the naval armaments of United States, Britain, Japan, France, and Italy.
• 1934 – Far-right leagues rally in front of the Palais Bourbon in an attempted coup against the French Third Republic, creating a political crisis in France.
• 1942 – World War II: The United Kingdom declares war on Thailand.
• 1951 – The Canadian Army enters combat in the Korean War.
• 1951 – The Broker, a Pennsylvania Railroad passenger train derails near Woodbridge Township, New Jersey. The accident kills 85 people and injures over 500 more. The wreck is one of the worst rail disasters in American history.
• 1952 – Elizabeth II becomes queen regnant of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms upon the death of her father, George VI. At the exact moment of succession, she was in a tree house at the Treetops Hotel in Kenya.
• 1954 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 112 relating to Sudan is adopted.
• 1958 – Eight Manchester United F.C. players and 15 other passengers are killed in the Munich air disaster.
• 1959 – Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments files the first patent for an integrated circuit.
• 1959 – At Cape Canaveral, Florida, the first successful test firing of a Titan intercontinental ballistic missile is accomplished.
• 1976 – In testimony before a United States Senate subcommittee, Lockheed Corporation president Carl Kotchian admits that the company had paid out approximately $3 million in bribes to the office of Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka.
• 1978 – The Blizzard of 1978, one of the worst Nor'easters in New England history, hit the region, with sustained winds of 65 mph and snowfall of four inches an hour.
• 1981 – The National Resistance Army of Uganda launches an attack on a Ugandan Army installation in the central Mubende District to begin the Ugandan Bush War.
• 1987 – Justice Mary Gaudron becomes the first woman to be appointed to the High Court of Australia.
• 1988 – Michael Jordan makes his signature slam dunk from the free throw line inspiring Air Jordan and the Jumpman logo.
• 1989 – The Round Table Talks start in Poland, thus marking the beginning of the overthrow of communism in Eastern Europe.
• 1996 – Willamette Valley Flood: Floods in the Willamette Valley of Oregon, United States, causes over US$500 million in property damage throughout the Pacific Northwest.
• 1996 – Birgenair Flight 301 crashed off the coast of the Dominican Republic, and all 189 people inside the airplane are killed. This is the worst accident/incident involving a Boeing 757.
• 1998 – Washington National Airport is renamed Ronald Reagan National Airport.
• 2000 – Second Chechen War: Russia captures Grozny, Chechnya, forcing the separatist Chechen Republic of Ichkeria government into exile.
• 2012 – A 6.9 magnitude earthquake hits near the central Philippines off the coast of Negros Island causing at least 51 deaths and injuring 112 others.
• 2013 – A 8.0 magnitude earthquake hits the Solomon Islands killing 10 people and injuring 17 others.
• 2016 – A 6.4 magnitude earthquake hits southern Taiwan, killing at least 38 people and injuring over 530 more.

Births[edit]

• 885 – Emperor Daigo of Japan (d. 930)
• 1347 – Dorothea of Montau, Prussian saint (d. 1394)
• 1452 – Joanna, Princess of Portugal (d. 1490)
• 1465 – Scipione del Ferro, Italian mathematician and theorist (d. 1526)
• 1536 – Sassa Narimasa, Japanese samurai (d. 1588)
• 1577 – Beatrice Cenci, Italian murderer (d. 1599)
• 1582 – Mario Bettinus, Italian mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher (d. 1657)
• 1605 – Bernard of Corleone, Italian saint (d. 1667)
• 1608 – António Vieira, Portuguese priest and philosopher (d. 1697)
• 1611 – Chongzhen Emperor of China (d. 1644)
• 1612 – Antoine Arnauld, French mathematician, theologian, and philosopher (d. 1694)
• 1643 – Johann Kasimir Kolbe von Wartenberg, Prussian politician, 1st Minister President of Prussia (d. 1712)
• 1664 – Mustafa II, Ottoman sultan (d. 1703)
• 1665 – Anne, Queen of Great Britain (d. 1714)
• 1695 – Nicolaus II Bernoulli, Swiss-Russian mathematician and theorist (d. 1726)
• 1726 – Patrick Russell, Scottish surgeon and zoologist (d. 1805)
• 1732 – Charles Lee, English-American general (d. 1782)
• 1736 – Franz Xaver Messerschmidt, German-Austrian sculptor (d. 1783)
• 1744 – Pierre-Joseph Desault, French anatomist and surgeon (d. 1795)
• 1748 – Adam Weishaupt, German philosopher and academic, founded the Illuminati (d. 1830)
• 1753 – Évariste de Parny, French poet and author (d. 1814)
• 1756 – Aaron Burr, American colonel and politician, 3rd Vice President of the United States (d. 1836)
• 1757 – Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, Belarusian-Polish poet, playwright, and politician (d. 1841)
• 1769 – Ludwig von Wallmoden-Gimborn, Austrian general (d. 1862)
• 1772 – George Murray, Scottish general and politician, Secretary of State for War and the Colonies (d. 1830)
• 1778 – Ugo Foscolo, Italian author and poet (d. 1827)
• 1781 – John Keane, 1st Baron Keane, Irish general and politician, Governor of Saint Lucia (d. 1844)
• 1796 – John Stevens Henslow, English botanist and geologist (d. 1861)
• 1797 – Joseph von Radowitz, Prussian general and politician, Foreign Minister of Prussia (d. 1853)
• 1799 – Imre Frivaldszky, Hungarian botanist and entomologist (d. 1870)
• 1800 – Achille Devéria, French painter and lithographer (d. 1857)
• 1802 – Charles Wheatstone, English-French physicist and cryptographer (d. 1875)
• 1811 – Henry Liddell, English priest, author, and academic (d. 1898)
• 1814 – Auguste Chapdelaine, French missionary and saint (d. 1856)
• 1818 – William M. Evarts, American lawyer and politician, 27th United States Secretary of State (d. 1901)
• 1829 – Joseph Auguste Émile Vaudremer, French architect, designed the La Santé Prison and Saint-Pierre-de-Montrouge (d. 1914)
• 1832 – John Brown Gordon, American general and politician, 53rd Governor of Georgia (d. 1904)
• 1833 – José María de Pereda, Spanish author and academic (d. 1906)
• 1833 – J. E. B. Stuart, American general (d. 1864)
• 1834 – Edwin Klebs, German-Swiss pathologist and academic (d. 1913)
• 1834 – Ema Pukšec, Croatian-German soprano (d. 1889)
• 1834 – Wilhelm von Scherff, German general and author (d. 1911)
• 1838 – Henry Irving, English actor and manager (d. 1905)
• 1838 – Israel Meir Kagan, Lithuanian-Polish rabbi and author (d. 1933)
• 1839 – Eduard Hitzig, German neurologist and psychiatrist (d. 1907)
• 1843 – Inoue Kowashi, Japanese scholar and politician (d. 1895)
• 1843 – Frederic William Henry Myers, English poet and philologist, co-founded the Society for Psychical Research (d. 1901)
• 1845 – Isidor Straus, German-American businessman and politician (d. 1912)
• 1847 – Henry Janeway Hardenbergh, American architect, designed the Plaza Hotel (d. 1918)
• 1852 – C. Lloyd Morgan, English zoologist and psychologist (d. 1936)
• 1852 – Vasily Safonov, Russian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1918)
• 1861 – Nikolay Zelinsky, Russian chemist and academic (d. 1953)
• 1864 – John Henry Mackay, Scottish-German philosopher and author (d. 1933)
• 1866 – Karl Sapper, German linguist and explorer (d. 1945)
• 1872 – Robert Maillart, Swiss engineer, designed the Salginatobel Bridge and Schwandbach Bridge (d. 1940)
• 1874 – Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura, Indian religious leader, founded the Gaudiya Math (d. 1937)
• 1875 – Leonid Gobyato, Russian general (d. 1915)
• 1876 – Henry Blogg, English fisherman and sailor (d. 1954)
• 1879 – Othon Friesz, French painter (d. 1949)
• 1879 – Magnús Guðmundsson, Icelandic lawyer and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1937)
• 1879 – Edwin Samuel Montagu, English politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (d. 1924)
• 1879 – Carl Ramsauer, German physicist and author (d. 1955)
• 1880 – Nishinoumi Kajirō II, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 25th Yokozuna (d. 1931)
• 1884 – Marcel Cohen, French linguist and scholar (d. 1974)
• 1887 – Josef Frings, German cardinal (d. 1978)
• 1890 – Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Pakistani activist and politician (d. 1988)
• 1892 – Maximilian Fretter-Pico, German general (d. 1984)
• 1892 – William P. Murphy, American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)
• 1893 – Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, Pakistani politician and diplomat, 1st Minister of Foreign Affairs for Pakistan (d. 1985)
• 1894 – Eric Partridge, New Zealand-English lexicographer and academic (d. 1979)
• 1895 – Robert La Follette Jr., American politician (d. 1953)
• 1895 – Babe Ruth, American baseball player and coach (d. 1948)
• 1898 – Harry Haywood, American soldier and politician (d. 1985)
• 1899 – Ramon Novarro, Mexican-American actor, singer, and director (d. 1968)
• 1901 – Ben Lyon, American actor (d. 1979)
• 1902 – George Brunies, American trombonist (d. 1974)
• 1903 – Claudio Arrau, Chilean pianist and composer (d. 1991)
• 1905 – Władysław Gomułka, Polish politician (d. 1982)
• 1905 – Jan Werich, Czech actor and playwright (d. 1980)
• 1906 – Joseph Schull, Canadian playwright and historian (d. 1980)
• 1908 – Amintore Fanfani, Italian journalist and politician, 32nd Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1999)
• 1908 – Edward Lansdale, American general and CIA agent (d. 1987)
• 1908 – Michael Maltese, American actor, screenwriter, and composer (d. 1981)
• 1910 – Irmgard Keun, German author (d. 1982)
• 1910 – Carlos Marcello, Tunisian-American gangster (d. 1993)
• 1911 – Ronald Reagan, American actor and politician, 40th President of the United States (d. 2004)
• 1912 – Eva Braun, German wife of Adolf Hitler (d. 1945)
• 1912 – Christopher Hill, English historian and author (d. 2003)
• 1913 – Mary Leakey, English-Kenyan archaeologist and anthropologist (d. 1996)
• 1914 – Thurl Ravenscroft, American voice actor and singer (d. 2005)
• 1915 – Kavi Pradeep, Indian poet and songwriter (d. 1998)
• 1916 – John Crank, English mathematician and physicist (d. 2006)
• 1917 – Louis-Philippe de Grandpré, Canadian lawyer and jurist (d. 2008)
• 1917 – Zsa Zsa Gabor, Hungarian-American actress and socialite (d. 2016)
• 1918 – Lothar-Günther Buchheim, German author and painter (d. 2007)
• 1919 – Takashi Yanase, Japanese poet and illustrator, created Anpanman (d. 2013)
• 1921 – Carl Neumann Degler, American historian and author (d. 2014)
• 1921 – Bob Scott, New Zealand rugby player (d. 2012)
• 1922 – Patrick Macnee, English-American actor and costume designer (d. 2015)
• 1922 – Denis Norden, English actor, screenwriter, and television host
• 1922 – Haskell Wexler, American director, producer, and cinematographer (d. 2015)
• 1923 – Gyula Lóránt, Hungarian footballer and manager (d. 1981)
• 1924 – Billy Wright, English footballer and manager (d. 1994)
• 1924 – Jin Yong, Hong Kong author and publisher, founded Ming Pao
• 1925 – Walker Edmiston, American actor and puppeteer (d. 2007)
• 1927 – Gerard K. O'Neill, American physicist and astronomer (d. 1992)
• 1928 – Allan H. Meltzer, American economist and academic
• 1929 – Colin Murdoch, New Zealand pharmacist and veterinarian, invented the tranquilliser gun (d. 2008)
• 1929 – Oscar Sambrano Urdaneta, Venezuelan author and critic (d. 2011)
• 1929 – Valentin Yanin, Russian historian and author
• 1930 – Jun Kondo, Japanese physicist and academic
• 1931 – Rip Torn, American actor
• 1931 – Fred Trueman, English cricketer (d. 2006)
• 1931 – Ricardo Vidal, Filipino cardinal
• 1932 – Camilo Cienfuegos, Cuban soldier and anarchist (d. 1959)
• 1932 – François Truffaut, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1984)
• 1933 – Leslie Crowther, English comedian, actor, and game show host (d. 1996)
• 1936 – Kent Douglas, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2009)
• 1938 – Fred Mifflin, Canadian admiral and politician, 19th Minister of Veterans Affairs (d. 2013)
• 1939 – Jean Beaudin, Canadian director and screenwriter
• 1939 – Mike Farrell, American actor, director, and producer
• 1939 – Jair Rodrigues, Brazilian singer (d. 2014)
• 1940 – Tom Brokaw, American journalist and author
• 1940 – Petr Hájek, Czech mathematician and academic
• 1940 – Jimmy Tarbuck, English comedian and actor
• 1941 – Stephen Albert, American pianist and composer (d. 1992)
• 1941 – Dave Berry, English pop singer
• 1941 – Gigi Perreau, American actress and director
• 1942 – Sarah Brady, American activist and author (d. 2015)
• 1942 – Charlie Coles, American basketball player and coach (d. 2013)
• 1942 – Ahmad-Jabir Ahmadov Ismail oghlu, Azerbaijani philosopher and academic
• 1942 – James Loewen, American sociologist and historian
• 1942 – Tommy Roberts, English fashion designer (d. 2012)
• 1943 – Fabian Forte, American pop singer and actor
• 1943 – Gayle Hunnicutt, American actress
• 1944 – Christine Boutin, French politician, French Minister of Housing and Urban Development
• 1944 – Willie Tee, American singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer (d. 2007)
• 1944 – Michael Tucker, American actor and producer
• 1945 – Bob Marley, Jamaican singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1981)
• 1946 – Richie Hayward, American drummer and songwriter (d. 2010)
• 1946 – Kate McGarrigle, Canadian musician and singer-songwriter (d. 2010)
• 1946 – Jim Turner, American captain and politician
• 1947 – Bill Staines, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1949 – Mike Batt, English singer-songwriter and producer
• 1949 – Manuel Orantes, Spanish tennis player
• 1949 – Jim Sheridan, Irish director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1950 – Natalie Cole, American singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2015)
• 1950 – Timothy M. Dolan, American cardinal
• 1950 – Punky Meadows, American rock guitarist and songwriter
• 1952 – Ric Charlesworth, Australian cricketer, coach, and politician
• 1952 – Viktor Giacobbo, Swiss actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1952 – Ricardo La Volpe, Argentinian footballer, manager, and coach
• 1955 – Michael Pollan, American journalist, author, and academic
• 1955 – Bruno Stolorz, French rugby player and coach
• 1956 – Jerry Marotta, American drummer
• 1957 – Andres Lipstok, Estonian economist and politician, Estonian Minister of Economic Affairs
• 1957 – Kathy Najimy, American actress and comedian
• 1957 – Simon Phillips, English drummer and producer
• 1957 – Robert Townsend, American actor and director
• 1958 – Cecily Adams, American actress and casting director (d. 2004)
• 1958 – Tim Dakin, English bishop and missionary
• 1960 – Jeremy Bowen, Welsh journalist
• 1960 – Megan Gallagher, American actress
• 1961 – Cam Cameron, American football player and coach
• 1961 – Bill Lester, American race car driver
• 1961 – Yury Onufriyenko, Ukrainian-Russian colonel, pilot, and astronaut
• 1962 – Stavros Lambrinidis, Greek lawyer and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Greece
• 1962 – Axl Rose, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1963 – David Capel, English cricketer
• 1963 – Scott Gordon, American ice hockey player and coach
• 1963 – Quentin Letts, English journalist and critic
• 1964 – Laurent Cabannes, French rugby player
• 1964 – Gordon Downie, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1964 – Colin Miller, Australian cricketer and sportscaster
• 1964 – Andrey Zvyagintsev, Russian actor and director
• 1965 – Jan Svěrák, Czech actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1966 – Rick Astley, English singer-songwriter
• 1967 – Anita Cochran, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1967 – Izumi Sakai, Japanese singer-songwriter (d. 2007)
• 1968 – Adolfo Valencia, Colombian footballer
• 1968 – Akira Yamaoka, Japanese composer and producer
• 1969 – David Hayter, American actor and screenwriter
• 1969 – Masaharu Fukuyama, Japanese singer-songwriter, producer, and actor
• 1969 – Tim Sherwood, English footballer and manager
• 1969 – Bob Wickman, American baseball player
• 1970 – Per Frandsen, Danish footballer and manager
• 1970 – Tim Herron, American golfer
• 1971 – Brad Hogg, Australian cricketer
• 1971 – Carlos Rogers, American basketball player
• 1972 – Stefano Bettarini, Italian footballer
• 1972 – David Binn, American football player
• 1974 – Aljo Bendijo, Filipino journalist
• 1975 – Chad Allen, American baseball player and coach
• 1975 – Orkut Büyükkökten, Turkish computer scientist and engineer, created Orkut
• 1975 – Tomoko Kawase, Japanese singer-songwriter and producer
• 1976 – Tanja Frieden, Swiss snowboarder and educator
• 1976 – Kim Zmeskal, American gymnast and coach
• 1977 – Jason Euell, English footballer and coach
• 1977 – Josh Stewart, American actor
• 1978 – Yael Naim, French-Israeli singer-songwriter
• 1979 – Dan Bălan, Moldovan singer-songwriter and producer
• 1980 – Kerry Jeremy, Antiguan cricketer
• 1980 – Kim Poirier, Canadian actress, singer, and producer
• 1980 – Luke Ravenstahl, American politician, 58th Mayor of Pittsburgh
• 1981 – Ricky Barnes, American golfer
• 1981 – Calum Best, American-English model and actor
• 1981 – Shim Eun-jin, South Korean singer and actress
• 1981 – Alison Haislip, American actress and producer
• 1981 – Jens Lekman, Swedish singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1981 – Ty Warren, American football player
• 1982 – Tank, Taiwanese singer-songwriter
• 1982 – Alice Eve, English actress
• 1982 – Elise Ray, American gymnast
• 1983 – Melrose Bickerstaff, American model and fashion designer
• 1983 – Brodie Croyle, American football player
• 1983 – Dimas Delgado, Spanish footballer
• 1983 – S. Sreesanth, Indian cricketer
• 1983 – Jamie Whincup, Australian race car driver
• 1984 – Darren Bent, English footballer
• 1984 – Piret Järvis, Estonian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1984 – Antoine Wright, American basketball player
• 1985 – Ben Creagh, Australian rugby league player
• 1985 – Kris Humphries, American basketball player
• 1988 – Bailey Hanks, American actress, singer, and dancer
• 1989 – Craig Cathcart, Northern Irish footballer
• 1989 – Jonny Flynn, American basketball player
• 1990 – Adam Henrique, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1990 – Jermaine Kearse, American football player
• 1990 – Aida Rybalko, Lithuanian figure skater
• 1991 – Tobias Eisenbauer, Austrian ice dancer
• 1991 – Ida Njåtun, Norwegian speed skater
• 1991 – Eva Wacanno, Dutch tennis player
• 1991 – Fei Yu, Chinese footballer
• 1992 – Víctor Mañón, Mexican footballer
• 1993 – Tinashe, American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress
• 1995 – Sam McQueen, English footballer
• 1996 – Justina Mikulskytė, Lithuanian tennis player

Deaths[edit]

• 743 – Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, Arab caliph (b. 691)
• 797 – Donnchad Midi, Irish king (b. 733)
• 891 – Photios I of Constantinople (b. 810)
• 1140 – Thurstan, Archbishop of York
• 1155 – King Sigurd II of Norway (b. 1133)
• 1215 – Hōjō Tokimasa, Japanese emperor (b. 1138)
• 1378 – Joanna of Bourbon (b. 1338)
• 1497 – Johannes Ockeghem, Flemish composer and educator (b. 1410)
• 1515 – Aldus Manutius, Italian publisher, founded the Aldine Press (b. 1449)
• 1585 – Edmund Plowden, English lawyer and scholar (b. 1518)
• 1593 – Jacques Amyot, French author and translator (b. 1513)
• 1593 – Emperor Ōgimachi of Japan (b. 1517)
• 1612 – Christopher Clavius, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1538)
• 1617 – Prospero Alpini, Italian physician and botanist (b. 1553)
• 1685 – Charles II of England (b. 1630)
• 1695 – Ahmed II, Ottoman sultan (b. 1643)
• 1740 – Pope Clement XII (b. 1652)
• 1775 – William Dowdeswell, English politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1721)
• 1783 – Capability Brown, English gardener and architect (b. 1716)
• 1793 – Carlo Goldoni, Italian-French playwright (b. 1707)
• 1804 – Joseph Priestley, English chemist and theologian (b. 1733)
• 1806 – Thomas-Alexandre Dumas, Haitian-French general (b. 1762)
• 1807 – John Reid, Scottish general (b. 1721)
• 1833 – Pierre André Latreille, French zoologist and entomologist (b. 1762)
• 1834 – Richard Lemon Lander, English explorer (b. 1804)
• 1899 – Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1874)
• 1899 – Leo von Caprivi, German general and politician, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1831)
• 1916 – Rubén Darío, Nicaraguan poet, journalist, and diplomat (b. 1867)
• 1918 – Gustav Klimt, Austrian painter and illustrator (b. 1862)
• 1929 – Maria Christina of Austria (b. 1858)
• 1931 – Motilal Nehru, Indian lawyer and politician, President of the Indian National Congress (b. 1861)
• 1938 – Marianne von Werefkin, Russian-Swiss painter (b. 1860)
• 1942 – Jaan Soots, Estonian general and politician, 7th Estonian Minister of War (b. 1880)
• 1951 – Gabby Street, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1882)
• 1952 – George VI of the United Kingdom (b. 1895)
• 1958 – victims of the Munich air disaster
  • – Geoff Bent, English footballer (b. 1932)
  • – Roger Byrne, English footballer (b. 1929)
  • – Eddie Colman, English footballer (b. 1936)
  • – Walter Crickmer, English footballer and manager (b. 1900)
  • – Mark Jones, English footballer (b. 1933)
  • – David Pegg, English footballer (b. 1935)
  • – Frank Swift, English footballer and journalist (b. 1913)
  • – Tommy Taylor, English footballer (b. 1932)
• 1963 – Piero Manzoni, Italian painter and sculptor (b. 1933)
• 1964 – Emilio Aguinaldo, Filipino general and politician, 1st President of the Philippines (b. 1869)
• 1967 – Martine Carol, French actress (b. 1920)
• 1976 – Ritwik Ghatak, Bangladeshi-Indian director and screenwriter (b. 1925)
• 1976 – Vince Guaraldi, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1928)
• 1981 – Hugo Montenegro, American composer and conductor (b. 1925)
• 1982 – Ben Nicholson, British painter (b. 1894)
• 1985 – James Hadley Chase, English-Swiss soldier and author (b. 1906)
• 1986 – Frederick Coutts, Scottish 8th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1899)
• 1986 – Dandy Nichols, English actress (b. 1907)
• 1986 – Minoru Yamasaki, American architect, designed the World Trade Center (b. 1912)
• 1987 – Julien Chouinard, Canadian lawyer and jurist (b. 1929)
• 1989 – Barbara W. Tuchman, American historian and author (b. 1912)
• 1990 – Jimmy Van Heusen, American pianist and composer (b. 1913)
• 1991 – Salvador Luria, Italian biologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1912)
• 1991 – Danny Thomas, American actor, producer, and humanitarian (b. 1914)
• 1993 – Arthur Ashe, American tennis player and sportscaster (b. 1943)
• 1994 – Joseph Cotten, American actor (b. 1905)
• 1994 – Jack Kirby, American author and illustrator (b. 1917)
• 1995 – James Merrill, American poet and playwright (b. 1926)
• 1999 – Don Dunstan, Australian lawyer and politician, 35th Premier of South Australia (b. 1926)
• 1999 – Jimmy Roberts, American tenor (b. 1924)
• 2000 – Phil Walters, American racing driver (b. 1916)
• 2001 – Filemon Lagman, Filipino theoretician and activist (b. 1953)
• 2002 – Max Perutz, Austrian-English biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1914)
• 2004 – Gerald Bouey, Canadian lieutenant and economist (b. 1920)
• 2005 – Karl Haas, German-American pianist, conductor, and radio host (b. 1913)
• 2007 – Lew Burdette, American baseball player and coach (b. 1926)
• 2007 – Frankie Laine, American singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1913)
• 2007 – Willye White, American runner and long jumper (b. 1939)
• 2008 – Tony Rolt, English race car driver and engineer (b. 1918)
• 2009 – Philip Carey, American actor (b. 1925)
• 2009 – James Whitmore, American actor (b. 1921)
• 2011 – Gary Moore, Irish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1952)
• 2012 – David Rosenhan, American psychologist and academic (b. 1929)
• 2012 – Antoni Tàpies, Spanish painter and sculptor (b. 1923)
• 2012 – Janice E. Voss, American engineer and astronaut (b. 1956)
• 2013 – Chokri Belaid, Tunisian lawyer and politician (b. 1964)
• 2013 – Menachem Elon, German-Israeli academic and jurist (b. 1923)
• 2014 – Vasiľ Biľak, Slovak politician (b. 1917)
• 2014 – Ralph Kiner, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1922)
• 2014 – Maxine Kumin, American author and poet (b. 1925)
• 2014 – Vaçe Zela, Albanian-Swiss singer and guitarist (b. 1939)
• 2015 – André Brink, South African author and playwright (b. 1935)
• 2015 – Alan Nunnelee, American lawyer and politician (b. 1958)
• 2015 – Pedro León Zapata, Venezuelan cartoonist (b. 1929)
• 2016 – Dan Gerson, American screenwriter (b. 1966)
• 2016 – Dan Hicks, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1941)

Lady Gaga dives into Super Bowl history

Image copyrightAL BELLO / GETTY IMAGES

She jumped off the roof of Houston's NRG stadium and bathed in the light of hundreds of drones - but Lady Gaga's Super Bowl show was fairly restrained... by her standards.

The star only changed costume twice, letting her music do the talking in a 12-minute, hit-laden set.

She opened with Woody Guthrie's civil rights anthem This Land Is Your Land, a gentle but pointed rebuke to the Trump administration; which she reinforced by performing Born This Way - her hymn to acceptance and inclusion.

"No matter black, white or beige... I was born to be brave," she sang to an expected US TV audience of 110 million.

But Gaga refrained from overt sermonising, simply saying: "We're here to make you feel good" (and, later on, "hello mum").

Image copyrightAL BELLO / GETTY IMAGES

Image copyrightLARRY BUSACCA / GETTY IMAGES

Ahead of the Super Bowl, the star said her show would be "inclusive" and celebrate "the spirit of equality". Sponsors Pepsi simply said it would be "uniquely Gaga". 

And, while she didn't hatch from an egg (as at the 2011 Grammy Awards) or smear herself in blood (2009's Monster Ball tour), it was certainly spectacular.

Gaga first appeared 79 metres above the crowd, as a swarm of drones hovered behind her; twinkling in the sky before adopting the colours of the stars and stripes during Woody Guthrie's left-wing anthem.

"One nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all," said the star, who promptly did a swan-dive from the roof, landing on a towering, torch-like structure several stories below.

There, she launched into a dizzying medley of hit singles including Poker Face, Just Dance and Telephone, backed by an army of dancers. 

Her vocals were strong and resonant throughout - although the intricate choreography left her out of breath for the set's sole ballad, Million Reasons.

Image copyrightMIKE EHRMANN / GETTY IMAGES

Image copyrightCHRISTOPHER POLK / GETTY IMAGES

Image copyrightAL BELLO / GETTY IMAGES

Fans who flooded the pitch were given torches that flashed in time to the music, spelling out lyrics and making elaborate, co-ordinated patterns.

BBC Sport presenter Mark Chapman revealed that the entire stadium - including his commentary booth and the public toilets - had been plunged into darkness to make the visuals work on television.

Gaga ended the set with Bad Romance, backed by 40 dancers, dressed in blinding white costumes inspired by American Football uniforms. 

Finishing the show atop a staircase, Gaga shouted "Super Bowl 51," dropped her microphone and jumped into the crowd holding a glittery silver football.

"This is for you Monsters," the star tweeted to her fanbase. "I love you."

Image copyrightEZRA SHAW / GETTY IMAGES

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

Image copyrightAP

The last time the Super Bowl was held in Houston the half time performer was Janet Jackson, whose infamous "wardrobe malfunction" made the NFL wary of hiring young, edgy pop stars for several years.

Gaga posed no such problems, taming her worst excesses to deliver a streamlined, spectacular show that reminded many fans why they love her.

And while her performance lacked the political punch of Beyonce last year; or even a gif-able meme like Katy Perry's "left shark", there wasn't a single mis-step or misfiring moment.

The star was invited to play the half time show after singing the National Anthem at the 50th Super Bowl in California last year.

She said she had studied the greats (name-checking Michael Jackson, Diana Ross and Bruce Springsteen) before beginning work on her show in September.

"I want every guy's girlfriend in his arms; I want every husband and wife kissing; every kid laughing," she told Radio Disney last year. 

"In my mind they're having this really powerful family experience watching the Super Bowl."

According to CNN, the drone light show required special permission from the Federal Aviation Authority - which had established a 34.5-mile-radius "no-drone zone" around the stadium during the game for safety and security reasons.

Το καλύτερο νησί για τους Αυστραλούς είναι... ελληνικό!

 

[edit]

• 457 – Leo I the Thracian becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
• 1074 – Pandulf IV of Benevento is killed battling the invading Normans at the Battle of Montesarchio.
• 1301 – Edward of Caernarvon (later King Edward II of England) becomes the first English Prince of Wales.
• 1497 – The Bonfire of the Vanities occurs, during which supporters of Girolamo Savonarola burn cosmetics, art, and books in Florence, Italy.
• 1783 – American Revolutionary War: French and Spanish forces lift the Great Siege of Gibraltar.
• 1795 – The 11th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified.
• 1807 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon finds Bennigsen's Russian forces taking a stand at Eylau. After bitter fighting, the French take the town, but the Russians resume the battle the next day.
• 1812 – The strongest in a series of earthquakes strikes New Madrid, Missouri.
• 1813 – In the action of 7 February 1813 near the Îles de Los, the frigates Aréthuse and Amelia batter each other, but neither can gain the upper hand.
• 1819 – Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles leaves Singapore after just taking it over, leaving it in the hands of William Farquhar.
• 1842 – Battle of Debre Tabor: Ras Ali Alula, Regent of the Emperor of Ethiopia defeats warlord Wube Haile Maryam of Semien.
• 1854 – A law is approved to found the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Lectures started October 16, 1855.
• 1863 – HMS Orpheus sinks off the coast of Auckland, New Zealand, killing 189.
• 1894 – The Cripple Creek miner's strike, led by the Western Federation of Miners, begins in Cripple Creek, Colorado.
• 1898 – Dreyfus affair: Émile Zola is brought to trial for libel for publishing J'accuse.
• 1900 – Second Boer War: British troops fail in their third attempt to lift the Siege of Ladysmith.
• 1904 – A fire in Baltimore, Maryland destroys over 1,500 buildings in 30 hours.
• 1907 – The Mud March is the first large procession organized by the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS).
• 1935 – The classic board game Monopoly is invented.
• 1940 – The second full-length animated Walt Disney film, Pinocchio, premieres.
• 1943 – World War II: Imperial Japanese Navy forces complete the evacuation of Imperial Japanese Army troops from Guadalcanal during Operation Ke, ending Japanese attempts to retake the island from Allied forces in the Guadalcanal Campaign.
• 1944 – World War II: In Anzio, Italy, German forces launch a counteroffensive during the Allied Operation Shingle.
• 1951 – Korean War: More than 700 suspected communist sympathizers are butchered by South Korean forces.
• 1962 – The United States bans all Cuban imports and exports.
• 1974 – Grenada gains independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1979 – Pluto moves inside Neptune's orbit for the first time since either was discovered.
• 1984 – Space Shuttle program: STS-41-B Mission: Astronauts Bruce McCandless II and Robert L. Stewart make the first untethered space walk using the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU).
• 1986 – Twenty-eight years of one-family rule end in Haiti, when President Jean-Claude Duvalier flees the Caribbean nation.
• 1990 – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: The Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party agrees to give up its monopoly on power.
• 1991 – Haiti's first democratically elected president, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, is sworn in.
• 1991 – The Troubles: The Provisional IRA launched a mortar attack on 10 Downing Street in London, the headquarters of the British government.
• 1992 – The Maastricht Treaty is signed, leading to the creation of the European Union.
• 1995 – Ramzi Yousef, the mastermind of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, is arrested in Islamabad, Pakistan.
• 1997 – NeXT merges with Apple Computer, starting the path to Mac OS X.
• 1999 – Crown Prince Abdullah becomes the King of Jordan on the death of his father, King Hussein.
• 2009 – Bushfires in Victoria leave 173 dead in the worst natural disaster in Australia's history.
• 2012 – President Mohamed Nasheed of the Republic of Maldives resigns, after 23 days of anti-governmental protests calling for the release of Chief Judge unlawfully arrested by the military.
• 2013 – Mississippi officially certifies the Thirteenth Amendment, becoming the last state to approve the abolition of slavery. The Thirteenth Amendment was formally ratified by Mississippi in 1995.
• 2016 – North Korea launches Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4 into outer space.

Births[edit]

• 574 – Prince Shōtoku of Japan (d. 622)
• 1102 – Empress Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England (d. 1167)
• 1478 – Thomas More, English lawyer and politician, Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom (d. 1535)
• 1612 – Thomas Killigrew, English playwright and manager (d. 1683)
• 1726 – Margaret Fownes-Luttrell, English painter (d. 1766)
• 1741 – Henry Fuseli, Swiss-English painter and academic (d. 1825)
• 1758 – Benedikt Schack, Czech tenor and composer (d. 1826)
• 1768 – Antoine-Athanase Royer-Collard, French physician (d. 1825)
• 1804 – John Deere, American blacksmith and businessman, founded Deere & Company (d. 1886)
• 1812 – Charles Dickens, English Novelist and critic (d. 1870)
• 1825 – Karl Möbius, German zoologist and ecologist (d. 1908)
• 1837 – James Murray, Scottish lexicographer and philologist (d. 1915)
• 1842 – Alexandre Ribot, French academic and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1923)
• 1867 – Laura Ingalls Wilder, American author (d. 1957)
• 1870 – Alfred Adler, Austrian-Scottish psychologist and therapist (d. 1937)
• 1871 – Wilhelm Stenhammar, Swedish pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1927)
• 1873 – Thomas Andrews, Irish shipbuilder and businessman, designed the RMS Titanic (d. 1912)
• 1877 – G. H. Hardy, English mathematician and geneticist (d. 1947)
• 1878 – Ossip Gabrilowitsch, Russian-American pianist and conductor (d. 1936)
• 1885 – Sinclair Lewis, American novelist, short-story writer, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1951)
• 1885 – Hugo Sperrle, German field marshal (d. 1953)
• 1887 – Eubie Blake, American pianist and composer (d. 1983)
• 1889 – Harry Nyquist, Swedish-American engineer and theorist (d. 1976)
• 1893 – Joseph Algernon Pearce, Canadian astrophysicist and astronomer (d. 1988)
• 1895 – Anita Stewart, American actress (d. 1961)
• 1898 – Dock Boggs, American folk singer-songwriter and banjo player (d. 1971)
• 1901 – Arnold Nordmeyer, New Zealand minister and politician, 30th New Zealand Minister of Finance (d. 1989)
• 1905 – Paul Nizan, French philosopher and author (d. 1940)
• 1905 – Ulf von Euler, Swedish physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1983)
• 1906 – Puyi, Chinese emperor (d. 1967)
• 1906 – Oleg Konstantinovich Antonov, Russian engineer, founded the Antonov Aircraft Company (d. 1984)
• 1908 – Buster Crabbe, American swimmer and actor (d. 1983)
• 1908 – Manmath Nath Gupta, Indian journalist and author (d. 2000)
• 1909 – Hélder Câmara, Brazilian archbishop (d. 1999)
• 1909 – Amedeo Guillet, Italian soldier (d. 2010)
• 1912 – Russell Drysdale, English-Australian painter (d. 1981)
• 1915 – Teoctist Arăpașu, Romanian patriarch (d. 2007)
• 1915 – Eddie Bracken, American actor and singer (d. 2002)
• 1916 – Frank Hyde, Australian rugby player, coach, and sportscaster (d. 2007)
• 1919 – Jock Mahoney, American actor and stuntman (d. 1989)
• 1919 – Desmond Doss, American army corporal and combat medic, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 2006)
• 1920 – Oscar Brand, Canadian-American singer-songwriter and author (d. 2016)
• 1920 – An Wang, Chinese-American engineer and businessman, founded Wang Laboratories (d. 1990)
• 1921 – Athol Rowan, South African cricketer (d. 1998)
• 1922 – Hattie Jacques, English actress (d. 1980)
• 1923 – Dora Bryan, English actress and restaurateur (d. 2014)
• 1925 – Hans Schmidt, Canadian wrestler (d. 2012)
• 1926 – Konstantin Feoktistov, Russian engineer and astronaut (d. 2009)
• 1926 – Bill Hoest, American cartoonist (d. 1988)
• 1927 – Juliette Gréco, French singer and actress
• 1927 – Vladimir Kuts, Ukrainian-Russian runner and coach (d. 1975)
• 1928 – Lincoln D. Faurer, American general (d. 2014)
• 1932 – Gay Talese, American journalist and memoirist
• 1932 – Alfred Worden, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut
• 1933 – K. N. Choksy, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, Sri Lankan Minister of Finance (d. 2015)
• 1934 – Eddie Fenech Adami, Maltese lawyer and politician, 7th President of Malta
• 1934 – King Curtis, American saxophonist and producer (d. 1971)
• 1934 – Earl King, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 2003)
• 1935 – Herb Kohl, American businessman and politician
• 1935 – Jörg Schneider, Swiss actor and author (d. 2015)
• 1936 – Jas Gawronski, Italian journalist and politician
• 1937 – Peter Jay, English economist, journalist, and diplomat, British Ambassador to the United States
• 1937 – Juan Pizarro, Puerto Rican baseball player
• 1940 – Tony Tan, Singaporean academic and politician, 7th President of Singapore
• 1941 – Kevin Crossley-Holland, English author and poet
• 1943 – Eric Foner, American historian, author, and academic
• 1943 – Gareth Hunt, English actor (d. 2007)
• 1945 – Gerald Davies, Welsh rugby player and journalist
• 1946 – Héctor Babenco, Argentinian-Brazilian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2016)
• 1946 – Sammy Johns, American country music singer-songwriter (d. 2013)
• 1946 – Pete Postlethwaite, English actor (d. 2011)
• 1946 – Gérard Jean-Juste, Haitian priest and activist (d. 2009)
• 1948 – Jimmy Greenspoon, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player (d. 2015)
• 1949 – Jacques Duchesneau, Canadian police officer and politician
• 1949 – Joe English, American drummer and songwriter
• 1949 – Alan Lancaster, English bass player and songwriter
• 1950 – Karen Joy Fowler, American author
• 1953 – Dan Quisenberry, American baseball player and poet (d. 1998)
• 1954 – Dieter Bohlen German singer-songwriter and producer
• 1955 – Rolf Benirschke, American football player and game show host
• 1955 – Miguel Ferrer, American actor and director (d. 2017)
• 1956 – Mark St. John, American guitarist (d. 2007)
• 1957 – Carney Lansford, American baseball player and coach
• 1958 – Giuseppe Baresi, Italian footballer and manager
• 1958 – Terry Marsh, English boxer and politician
• 1958 – Matt Ridley, English journalist, author, and politician
• 1959 – Mick McCarthy, English footballer, manager, and sportscaster
• 1960 – Robert Smigel, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1960 – James Spader, American actor and producer
• 1962 – Garth Brooks, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1962 – David Bryan, American keyboard player and songwriter
• 1962 – Eddie Izzard, English comedian, actor, and producer
• 1963 – Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper, American Naval officer and astronaut
• 1964 – Ashok Banker, Indian journalist, author, and screenwriter
• 1965 – Chris Rock, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1966 – Kristin Otto, German swimmer
• 1968 – Peter Bondra, Ukrainian-Slovak ice hockey player and manager
• 1968 – Sully Erna, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1968 – Mark Tewksbury, Canadian swimmer and sportscaster
• 1971 – Anita Tsoy, Russian singer-songwriter
• 1972 – Robyn Lively, American actress
• 1973 – Juwan Howard, American basketball player and coach
• 1974 – J Dilla, American rapper and producer (d. 2006)
• 1974 – Nujabes, Japanese record producer, DJ, composer and arranger (d. 2010)
• 1974 – Danny Goffey, English singer-songwriter and drummer
• 1974 – Steve Nash, South African-Canadian basketball player
• 1975 – Wes Borland, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1975 – Alexandre Daigle, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1975 – Rémi Gaillard, French comedian and actor
• 1976 – Chito Miranda, Filipino singer-songwriter
• 1977 – Tsuneyasu Miyamoto, Japanese footballer
• 1978 – David Aebischer, Swiss ice hockey player
• 1978 – Endy Chávez, Venezuelan baseball player
• 1978 – Ashton Kutcher, American model, actor, producer, and entrepreneur
• 1978 – Daniel Van Buyten, Belgian footballer
• 1979 – Daniel Bierofka, German footballer and coach
• 1979 – Tawakkol Karman, Yemeni journalist and activist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1981 – Darcy Dolce Neto, Brazilian footballer
• 1981 – Lee Ok-sung, South Korean boxer
• 1982 – Osamu Mukai, Japanese actor
• 1982 – Mickaël Piétrus, French basketball player
• 1983 – Sho Kamogawa, Japanese footballer
• 1983 – Christian Klien, Austrian race car driver
• 1983 – Federico Marchetti, Italian footballer
• 1984 – Trey Hardee, American decathlete
• 1985 – Tina Majorino, American actress
• 1985 – Devis Nossa, Italian footballer
• 1988 – Albin Hodža, French footballer
• 1988 – Ai Kago, Japanese singer and actress
• 1988 – Matthew Stafford, American football player
• 1989 – Nick Calathes, Greek basketball player
• 1989 – Jake Granville, Australian rugby league player
• 1989 – Elia Viviani, Italian cyclist
• 1989 – Isaiah Thomas, American basketball roster
• 1990 – Neil Etheridge, English-Filipino footballer
• 1990 – Steven Stamkos, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1991 – Ryan O'Reilly, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1991 – Zhou Yimiao, Chinese tennis player
• 1992 – Sergi Roberto, Spanish footballer
• 1992 – Maimi Yajima, Japanese singer and actress
• 1993 – Diego Laxalt, Uruguayan footballer
• 1993 – Chris Mears, English diver and musician
• 1995 – Roberto Osuna, Mexican baseball player
• 1997 – Anhelina Kalinina, Ukrainian tennis player
• 1999 – Bea Miller, American singer-songwriter and actress

Deaths[edit]

• 318 – Jin Mindi, emperor of the Jin Dynasty (b. 300)
• 590 – Pope Pelagius II (b. 520)
• 812 – Li Ning, Chinese prince (b. 793)
• 999 – Boleslaus II the Pious, Duke of Bohemia (b. 932)
• 1045 – Emperor Go-Suzaku of Japan (b. 1009)
• 1165 – Marshal Stephen of Armenia
• 1259 – Thomas, Count of Flanders
• 1317 – Robert, Count of Clermont (b. 1256)
• 1320 – Jan Muskata, Bishop of Kraków (b. 1250)
• 1333 – Nikko, Japanese priest, founder of Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism (b. 1246)
• 1626 – William V, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1548)
• 1642 – William Bedell, English bishop and academic (b. 1571)
• 1693 – Paul Pellisson, French lawyer and author (b. 1624)
• 1736 – Stephen Gray, English astronomer and physicist (b. 1666)
• 1779 – William Boyce, English organist and composer (b. 1711)
• 1799 – Qianlong Emperor of China (b. 1711)
• 1801 – Daniel Chodowiecki, Polish-German painter and academic (b. 1726)
• 1819 – August Wilhelm Hupel, German-Estonian linguist and author (b. 1737)
• 1823 – Ann Radcliffe, English author (b. 1764)
• 1837 – Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (b. 1778)
• 1862 – Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Berdejo, Spanish playwright and politician, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1787)
• 1864 – Vuk Karadžić, Serbian philologist and linguist (b. 1787)
• 1871 – Henry E. Steinway, German-American businessman, founded Steinway & Sons (b. 1797)
• 1873 – Sheridan Le Fanu, Irish author (b. 1814)
• 1878 – Pope Pius IX (b. 1792)
• 1897 – Galileo Ferraris, Italian physicist and engineer (b. 1847)
• 1919 – William Halford, English-American lieutenant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1841)
• 1920 – Alexander Kolchak, Russian admiral and explorer (b. 1874)
• 1920 – Charles Langelier, Canadian journalist, judge, and politician (b. 1850)
• 1921 – John J. Gardner, American politician (b. 1845)
• 1937 – Elihu Root, American lawyer and politician, 38th United States Secretary of State, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
• 1938 – Harvey Samuel Firestone, American businessman, founded the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company (b. 1868)
• 1939 – Boris Grigoriev, Russian painter and illustrator (b. 1886)
• 1942 – Ivan Bilibin, Russian illustrator and stage designer (b. 1876)
• 1944 – Lina Cavalieri, Italian soprano and actress (b. 1874)
• 1959 – Nap Lajoie, American baseball player and manager (b. 1874)
• 1959 – Daniel François Malan, South African minister and politician, 5th Prime Minister of South Africa (b. 1874)
• 1959 – Guitar Slim, American singer and guitarist (b. 1926)
• 1960 – Igor Kurchatov, Russian physicist and academic (b. 1903)
• 1963 – Learco Guerra, Italian cyclist and manager (b. 1902)
• 1964 – Sofoklis Venizelos, Greek captain and politician, 133rd Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1894)
• 1968 – Nick Adams, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1931)
• 1972 – Walter Lang, American director and screenwriter (b. 1896)
• 1979 – Josef Mengele, German SS officer and physician (b. 1911)
• 1986 – Cheikh Anta Diop, Senegalese historian, anthropologist, and physicist (b. 1923)
• 1990 – Alan Perlis, American computer scientist and academic (b. 1922)
• 1990 – Alfredo M. Santos, Filipino general (b. 1905)
• 1991 – Amos Yarkoni, Israeli colonel (b. 1920)
• 1994 – Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer and conductor (b. 1913)
• 1996 – Phillip Davidson, American general (b. 1915)
• 1999 – King Hussein of Jordan (b. 1935)
• 1999 – Bobby Troup, American actor, pianist, and composer (b. 1918)
• 2000 – Doug Henning, Canadian magician and politician (b. 1947)
• 2001 – Dale Evans, American singer-songwriter and actress (b. 1912)
• 2001 – Anne Morrow Lindbergh, American author and pilot (b. 1906)
• 2003 – Augusto Monterroso, Guatemalan author (b. 1921)
• 2005 – Atli Dam, Faroese engineer and politician, 5th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (b. 1932)
• 2006 – Princess Durru Shehvar of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1914)
• 2009 – Blossom Dearie, American singer and pianist (b. 1924)
• 2009 – Reg Evans, Australian actor (b. 1929)
• 2010 – Franco Ballerini, Italian cyclist and coach (b. 1964)
• 2012 – Harry Keough, American soccer player and coach (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Krsto Papić, Croatian director and screenwriter (b. 1933)
• 2014 – Doug Mohns, Canadian-American ice hockey player (b. 1933)
• 2015 – Billy Casper, American golfer and architect (b. 1931)
• 2015 – Marshall Rosenberg, American psychologist and author (b. 1934)
• 2015 – Dean Smith, American basketball player and coach (b. 1931)
• 2015 – John C. Whitehead, American banker and politician, 9th United States Deputy Secretary of State (b. 1922)
• 2016 – Konstantinos Despotopoulos, Greek philosopher and politician (b. 1913)

Lost Bob Marley tapes restored after 40 years in London basement

Lost recordings by Bob Marley found in a damp hotel basement in London after more than 40 years have been restored.

The tapes are the original, high-quality live recordings of the reggae legend's concerts in London and Paris between 1974 and 1978. Tracks include No Woman No Cry, Jamming and Exodus.

They were at first believed to be ruined beyond repair, largely because of water damage.

Marley, who died in 1981, would have been 72 on Monday. 

The tapes were found in a run-down hotel in Kensal Rise, north-west London, where Bob Marley and the Wailers stayed during their European tours in the mid-1970s.

They were discovered when Joe Gatt, a Marley fan and London businessman, took a phone call from a friend, who had found them while doing a building refuse clearance.

From the 13 reel-to-reel analogue master tapes, 10 were fully restored, two were blank and one was beyond repair. Work lasted one year and cost £25,000 ($31,200). 

"They were (in an) appalling (condition)... I wasn't too hopeful," Martin Nichols, a sound engineer at the White House Studios in the west of England, told the BBC.

Image copyrightAP

The recordings are from concerts at the Lyceum in London (1975), the Hammersmith Odeon (1976), the Rainbow, also in London (1977), and the Pavilion de Paris (1978).

They were recorded on the only mobile 24-track studio vehicle available in the UK then. It was loaned to Bob Marley and the Wailers by the Rolling Stones.

Η μάχη αρκούδας με αετό με λεία έναν κύκνο -Στην παγωμένη λίμνη της Καστοριάς 

Νέα εμφάνιση έκανε μια νεαρή αρσενική αρκούδα το 

απόγευμα της Δευτέρας στη νότια πλευρά της Καστοριάς και 

«πιάστηκε» να βολτάρει στην επιφάνεια της παγωμένης λίμνης. 

Αμέσως κινητοποιήθηκαν οι ειδικοί επιστήμονες του Αρκτούρου, η Εταιρία 

Περιβάλλοντος Καστοριάς, υπάλληλοι του δασαρχείου και η αστυνομία, 

προκειμένου να δημιουργηθούν συνθήκες ηρεμίας και το ζώο να οδηγηθεί έξω από

 τη λίμνη και εκτός κατοικημένης περιοχής.

Μάλιστα όσοι παρακολουθούσαν με κιάλια και φωτογραφικές μηχανές την

πορεία του ζώου μέσα στην παγωμένη λίμνη έγιναν μάρτυρες μια μικρής 

διαμάχης ανάμεσα στην επισκέπτρια αρκούδα και ένα σπάνιο θαλασσαετό.

 Η αρκούδα γευμάτιζε τη λεία της, έναν μεγαλόσωμο κύκνο της λίμνης, ώσπου

 έκανε την εμφάνισή του ένας τεράστιος αετός που προσπάθησε να διεκδικήσει το 

νεκρό κύκνο χωρίς όμως αποτέλεσμα.

Η αρκούδα σηκώθηκε πολλές φορές στα δύο της πόδια χωρίς όμως να αφήνει

 ούτε λεπτό τη λεία της με αποτέλεσμα ο αετός να εγκαταλείψει την προσπάθεια.

Ο Νίκος Παναγιωτόπουλος δεν έκρυβε τον ενθουσιασμό του όταν παρατηρώντας

 καλύτερα το φωτογραφικό υλικό μέλους της εταιρίας περιβάλλοντος, διαπίστωσε 

ότι ο από αέρος εισβολέας δεν ήταν άλλος από ένα σπάνιο θαλασσαετό 

Halliaetous albicilla που φαίνεται ότι αυτή την περίοδο βρίσκεται στην περιοχή, 

μιας και η προσφορά τροφής εξαιτίας των παγωμένων λιμνών στη δυτική 

Μακεδονία είναι άφθονη.

«Σήμερα είναι μια θαυμάσια ημέρα, είμαστε χαρούμενοι γιατί η παρουσία αυτού

 του υπέροχου αρπακτικού δείχνει ότι το οικοσύστημα της περιοχής μας είναι

 ζωντανό και γεμάτο υγεία» σημείωσε. Στην Ελλάδα Ο θαλασσαετός απαντάται

 ως σπανιότατο είδος με ελάχιστα ζευγάρια κυρίως στα βορειοανατολικά της 

χώρας, έχει άνοιγμα φτερών έως 2,35 μέτρα και μπορεί να διανύσει αποστάσεις

 έως 5.000 χλμ. όταν χρειάζεται να μετακινηθεί σε θερμότερες περιοχές.
 
Ο Νίκος Παναγιωτόπουλος εξήγησε στο ΑΠΕ-ΜΠΕ ότι η αρκούδα επέστρεψε εκ

 νέου στην παγωμένη λίμνη «γιατί η τροφή είναι σε αφθονία και το κυνήγι για το 

νεαρό ζώο είναι εύκολη υπόθεση». Τα μεγάλα πουλιά της λίμνης, όπως κύκνοι 

και πάπιες από την πολυήμερη παγωνιά και την έλλειψη τροφής είναι 

εξασθενημένα, αδύναμα και κάποια τραυματισμένα με αποτέλεσμα να είναι

εύκολη λεία για το νεαρό αρσενικό που κάνει χιλιόμετρα πάνω στην παγωμένη

 επιφάνεια της λίμνης.

Αυτή την ώρα συνεργεία των εθελοντών του Αρκτούρου και της εταιρίας 

προστασίας περιβάλλοντος σε συνεργασία με την αστυνομία περιπολούν

 στην νότια είσοδο της πόλης παρακολουθώντας εάν η αρκούδα βγει από την

 λίμνη ώστε να την κατευθύνουν σε μη κατοικημένη περιοχή.

Πέθανε ο Λουκιανός Κηλαηδόνης

Εφυγε από τη ζωή ο Λουκιανός Κηλαηδόνης. Την είδηση 

έκανε γνωστή η σύζυγός του Άννα Βαγενά. 

«Ο Λουκιανός έφυγε σήμερα, 7 Φεβρουαρίου 2017, τα ξημερώματα από 

κοντά μας.

Ευχαριστούμε πολύ όλους τους γιατρούς, τις νοσηλεύτριες και τους νοσηλευτές

 που τον φρόντισαν σε όλες του τις νοσηλείες.

Ευχαριστούμε όλους εσάς που τον αγαπήσατε και ξέρουμε ότι θα τον αγαπάτε

 για πάντα.

Η τελετή θα γίνει σε στενό οικογενειακό κύκλο.

Στη μνήμη του Λουκιανού όσοι θέλετε μπορείτε να καταθέσετε χρήματα στον

 λογαριασμό GR8501101130000011395450502 της Εθνικής Τράπεζας 

βοηθώντας μία αγαπημένη μας οικογένεια που το έχει ανάγκη».

Νοσηλευότανε σε μονάδα εντατικής θεραπείας 

«Ο Λουκιανός Κηλαηδόνης απεβίωσε τα ξημερώματα μετά από βραχεία

 νοσηλεία στη Μονάδα Εντατικής Θεραπείας του νοσοκομείου ΥΓΕΙΑ, λόγω

 προχωρημένου σταδίου καρδιακής ανεπάρκειας» αναφέρει το ιατρικό

 ανακοινωθέν.

Εμπνευσμένος τραγουδοποιός, συνθέτης, στιχουργός και ερμηνευτής.

Ο Λουκιανός Κηλαηδόνης γεννήθηκε στις 15 Ιουλίου του 1943.
Σπούδασε στο Λεόντειο Λύκειο Πατησίων και κατόπιν Αρχιτεκτονική στο

 Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης, καθώς και στο Εθνικό Μετσόβιο 

Πολυτεχνείο (Αθήνας), χωρίς ποτέ να ασκήσει αυτό το επάγγελμα.
Η καλλιτεχνική καριέρα του Λουκιανού Κηλαηδόνη ξεκινά στις αρχές της 

δεκαετίας του '70, όταν γράφει τη μουσική για τη θεατρική παράσταση του

 έργου της Κωστούλας Μητροπούλου Η Πόλη μας.
Τα τραγούδια, στον ομότιτλο δίσκο που κυκλοφόρησε, ερμηνεύουν η

 Βίκυ Μοσχολιού και ο Μανώλης Μητσιάς. Συνεχίζει παραγωγικότατος με

 πολλά τραγούδια και περισσότερη μουσική (προσωπικοί δίσκοι, συμμετοχές 

και συνεργασίες, μουσική ή/και στίχους για θεατρικές και κινηματογραφικές

 παραστάσεις, για τηλεοπτικές εκπομπές, κ.α.). 

Πολλά από τα τραγούδια του αγαπήθηκαν και τραγουδήθηκαν πολύ 

(«Είμαι ένας φτωχός και μόνος κάουμποϋ», «Μια μέρα μιας Μαίρης», 

«Ο ύμνος των μαύρων σκυλιών», "Ντίσκο", κ.α.). 

(«Ελεύθερη Σκηνή»), με επιλεγμένα κομμάτια να περιλαμβάνονται στο άλμπουμ

 «Πάμε μαέστρο». Ηταν βασικός συνθέτης των παραστάσεων του

 «Θεσσαλικού Θεάτρου» της πρώτης περιόδου.

Εχει συνεργαστεί με το Εθνικό Θέατρο, με το Κρατικό Θέατρο Βορείου Ελλάδος, 

με το Λαϊκό Θέατρο του Λ. Τριβιζά, με την παιδική σκηνή της Ξένιας 

Καλογεροπούλου αλλά και το θέατρο Μεταξουργείο που δημιούργησε με την

 Αννα Βαγενα.

Ο Λουκιανός σύζυγος, πατέρας και παππούς...

Σαράντα πέντε χρόνια κοινής ζωής μοιράστηκαν ο Λουκιανός Κηλαηδόνης και 

η Αννα Βαγενά, με την οποία

έχουν δύο κόρες, τη Γιασεμή, που είναι ηθοποιός και τη Μαρία που ενώ 

ακολούθησε το επάγγελμα της κοινωνικής λειτουργού, στράφηκε τελικά στο 

τραγούδι. Πέρυσι έγινε και παππούς.

Ηταν αρχές του ΄70 όταν γνωρίστηκαν, νεαροί τότε καλλιτέχνες. Η Βαγενά

 μόλις είχε ολοκληρώσει την ταινία "Το προξενιό της Αννας"ενώ εκείνος έκανε 

την "Κόκκινη κλωστή". Μαζί πήγαν στη Θεσσαλονίκη στο κινηματογραφικό 

φεστιβάλ, όπου η Βαγενά πήρε και το πρώτο βραβείο. Βήμα βήμα συνέχισαν 

την κοινή τους ζωή, προχωρώντας παράλληλα εκείνος στα μουσικά κι εκείνη 

στα θεατρικά.

Από το 1999 που έφτιαξαν τον χώρο στο Μεταξουργείο ο Λουκιανός Κηλαηδόνης 

και η Αννα Βαγενά είχα εγκτατασταθεί εκεί, στο πεζόδρομο της οδού Ακαδήμου:

 Εκεί ήταν το θέατρό της, εκεί και το σπίτι τους. Ενας χώρος για καφέ κι ένας

 μεγαλύτερος για εστιατόριο είχε μετατρέψει τον πέτρινο χώρο σε σημείο

 αναφοράς για την οικογένεια, τους φίλους, τους πελάτες, τους θεατές....  

Διοργάνωσε το ιστορικό πάρτι στη Βουλιαγμένη 

Ιδιαίτερη μνεία απαιτεί η πρώτη μεγάλης κλίμακας συναυλία του, το περίφημο 

Πάρτυ στη Βουλιαγμένη, που έγινε στις 25 Ιουλίου του 1983 και που 

συγκέντρωσε πάνω από 70.000 άτομα (άλλες εκτιμήσεις ανεβάζουν τον

αριθμό στις 100.000).

Στο πάρτυ αυτό εμφανίστηκαν διαδοχικά οι Διονύσης Σαββόπουλος,

 Μαργαρίτα Ζορμπαλά, Βαγγέλης Γερμανός, Γιώργος Νταλάρας, 

Αφροδίτη Μάνου και Μαντώ, αποβιβαζόμενοι με ταχύπλοα στην πλωτή εξέδρα. 

[edit]

• 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
• 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir.
• 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al Mansurah.
• 1347 – The Byzantine civil war of 1341–47 ends with a power-sharing agreement between John VI Kantakouzenos and John V Palaiologos.
• 1575 – Leiden University is founded, and given the motto Praesidium Libertatis.
• 1587 – Mary, Queen of Scots, is executed on suspicion of having been involved in the Babington Plot to murder her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I.
• 1590 – Luis de Carabajal the younger is tortured by the Inquisition in Mexico City.
• 1601 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, rebels against Queen Elizabeth I and the revolt is quickly crushed.
• 1693 – The College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, is granted a charter by King William III and Queen Mary II.
• 1807 – After two days of bitter fighting, the Russians under Bennigsen and the Prussians under L'Estocq concede the Battle of Eylau to Napoleon.
• 1817 – Las Heras crosses the Andes with an army to join San Martín and liberate Chile from Spain.
• 1837 – Richard Johnson becomes the first Vice President of the United States chosen by the United States Senate.
• 1865 – Delaware refuses to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Slavery was outlawed in the United States, including Delaware, when the Amendment was ratified by the requisite number of states on December 6, 1865. Delaware ratified the Thirteenth Amendment on February 12, 1901, which was the ninety-second anniversary of the birth of Abraham Lincoln.
• 1879 – Sandford Fleming first proposes adoption of Universal Standard Time at a meeting of the Royal Canadian Institute.
• 1879 – The England cricket team led by Lord Harris is attacked during a riot during a match in Sydney.
• 1885 – The first government-approved Japanese immigrants arrived in Hawaii.
• 1887 – The Dawes Act authorizes the President of the United States to survey Native American tribal land and divide it into individual allotments.
• 1904 – Battle of Port Arthur: A surprise torpedo attack by the Japanese at Port Arthur, China starts the Russo-Japanese War.
• 1904 – Aceh War: Dutch Colonial Army's Marechaussee regiment led by General G.C.E. van Daalen launch military campaign to capture Gayo Highland, Alas Highland, and Batak Highland in Dutch East Indies' Northern Sumatra region, which ends with genocide to Acehnese and Bataks people.
• 1910 – The Boy Scouts of America is incorporated by William D. Boyce.
• 1915 – D. W. Griffith's controversial film The Birth of a Nation premieres in Los Angeles.
• 1922 – United States President Warren G. Harding introduces the first radio set in the White House.
• 1925 – National day of Air Force of Iran
• 1924 – Capital punishment: The first state execution in the United States by gas chamber takes place in Nevada.
• 1942 – World War II: Japan invades Singapore.
• 1942 – World War II: Dutch Colonial Army General Destruction Unit (AVC, Algemene Vernielings Corps) burns Banjarmasin, South Borneo to avoid Japanese capture.
• 1945 – World War II: The United Kingdom and Canada commence Operation Veritable to occupy the west bank of the Rhine.
• 1945 -- Mikhail Devyataev escapes with nine other Soviet inmates from a Nazi concentration camp in Peenemünde on the island of Usedom by hijacking the camp commandant's Heinkel He 111.
• 1946 – The first portion of the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, the first serious challenge to the popularity of the Authorized King James Version, is published.
• 1948 – The formal creation of the Korean People's Army of North Korea is announced.
• 1949 – Cardinal Mindszenty of Hungary is sentenced for treason.
• 1950 – The Stasi, the secret police of East Germany, is established.
• 1952 – Elizabeth II is proclaimed Queen of the United Kingdom.
• 1955 – The Government of Sindh, Pakistan, abolishes the Jagirdari system in the province. One million acres (4000 km²) of land thus acquired is to be distributed among the landless peasants.
• 1960 – Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom issues an Order-in-Council, stating that she and her family would be known as the House of Windsor, and that her descendants will take the name Mountbatten-Windsor.
• 1962 – Charonne massacre. Nine trade unionists are killed by French police at the instigation of Nazi collaborator Maurice Papon, then chief of the Paris Prefecture of Police.
• 1963 – Travel, financial and commercial transactions by United States citizens to Cuba are made illegal by the John F. Kennedy administration.
• 1963 – The regime of Prime Minister of Iraq, Brigadier General Abd al-Karim Qasim is overthrown by the Ba'ath Party.
• 1965 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 663 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean and explodes, killing everyone aboard.
• 1968 – American civil rights movement: The Orangeburg massacre: An attack on black students from South Carolina State University who are protesting racial segregation at the town's only bowling alley, leaves three or four dead in Orangeburg, South Carolina.
• 1971 – The NASDAQ stock market index opens for the first time.
• 1971 – South Vietnamese ground troops launch an incursion into Laos to try to cut off the Ho Chi Minh trail and stop communist infiltration.
• 1974 – After 84 days in space, the crew of Skylab 4, the last crew to visit American space station Skylab, returns to Earth.
• 1978 – Proceedings of the United States Senate are broadcast on radio for the first time.
• 1981 – Twenty-one association football spectators are trampled to death at Karaiskakis Stadium in Neo Faliro, Greece, after a football match between Olympiacos F.C. and AEK Athens F.C.
• 1983 – The Melbourne dust storm hits Australia's second largest city. The result of the worst drought on record and a day of severe weather conditions, a 320 metres (1,050 ft) deep dust cloud envelops the city, turning day to night.
• 1986 – Hinton train collision: Twenty-three people are killed when a VIA Rail passenger train collides with a 118-car Canadian National freight train near the town of Hinton, Alberta, west of Edmonton. It is the worst rail accident in Canada until the Lac-Mégantic, Quebec derailment in 2013 which killed forty-seven people.
• 1989 – Independent Air Flight 1851 strikes Pico Alto mountain while on approach to Santa Maria Airport (Azores) killing all 144 passengers on board.
• 1993 – General Motors sues NBC after Dateline NBC allegedly rigs two crashes intended to demonstrate that some GM pickups can easily catch fire if hit in certain places. NBC settles the lawsuit the next day.
• 1996 – The U.S. Congress passes the Communications Decency Act.
• 2005 – Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Tamil politician and former MP A. Chandranehru dies of injuries sustained in an ambush the previous day.
• 2010 – A freak storm in the Hindu Kush mountains of Afghanistan triggers a series of at least 36 avalanches, burying over two miles of road, killing at least 172 people and trapping over 2,000 travelers.
• 2013 – A blizzard disrupts transportation and leaves hundreds of thousands of people without electricity in the Northeastern United States and parts of Canada.
• 2014 – A hotel fire in Medina, Saudi Arabia kills 15 Egyptian pilgrims with 130 others injured.

Births[edit]

• 120 – Vettius Valens, Greek astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer (d. 175)
• 412 – Proclus, Greek mathematician and philosopher (d. 485)
• 882 – Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, Egyptian commander and politician, Abbasid Governor of Egypt (d. 946)
• 1191 – Yaroslav II of Vladimir (d. 1246)
• 1291 – Afonso IV of Portugal (d. 1357)
• 1405 – Constantine XI Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1453)
• 1487 – Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1550)
• 1552 – Agrippa d'Aubigné, French poet and soldier (d. 1630)
• 1577 – Robert Burton, English priest, physician, and scholar (d. 1640)
• 1591 – Guercino, Italian painter (d. 1666)
• 1685 – Charles-Jean-François Hénault, French historian and author (d. 1770)
• 1700 – Daniel Bernoulli, Dutch-Swiss mathematician and physicist (d. 1782)
• 1708 – Václav Jan Kopřiva, Bohemian organist and composer (d. 1789)
• 1720 – Emperor Sakuramachi of Japan (d. 1750)
• 1741 – André Grétry, Belgian-French organist and composer (d. 1813)
• 1762 – Gia Long, Vietnamese emperor (d. 1820)
• 1764 – Joseph Leopold Eybler, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1846)
• 1792 – Caroline Augusta of Bavaria (d. 1873)
• 1798 – Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia (d. 1849)
• 1807 – Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins, English sculptor and zoologist (d. 1889)
• 1817 – Richard S. Ewell, American general (d. 1872)
• 1819 – John Ruskin, English author, critic, and academic (d. 1900)
• 1820 – William Tecumseh Sherman, American general (d. 1891)
• 1822 – Maxime Du Camp, French photographer and journalist (d. 1894)
• 1825 – Henry Walter Bates, English geographer, biologist, and explorer (d. 1892)
• 1828 – Jules Verne, French author, poet, and playwright (d. 1905)
• 1829 – Vital-Justin Grandin, French-Canadian bishop and missionary (d. 1902)
• 1830 – Abdülaziz of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1876)
• 1834 – Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist and academic (d. 1907)
• 1850 – Kate Chopin, American author (d. 1904)
• 1866 – Moses Gomberg, Ukrainian-American chemist and academic (d. 1947)
• 1878 – Martin Buber, Austrian-Israeli philosopher and academic (d. 1965)
• 1880 – Franz Marc, German soldier and painter (d. 1916)
• 1880 – Viktor Schwanneke, German actor and director (d. 1931)
• 1882 – Thomas Selfridge, American lieutenant and pilot (d. 1908)
• 1883 – Joseph Schumpeter, Czech-American economist and political scientist (d. 1950)
• 1884 – Snowy Baker, Australian boxer, rugby player, and actor (d. 1953)
• 1886 – Charlie Ruggles, American actor (d. 1970)
• 1888 – Edith Evans, English actress (d. 1976)
• 1890 – Claro M. Recto, Filipino lawyer, jurist, and politician (d. 1960)
• 1893 – Ba Maw, Burmese lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of Burma (d. 1977)
• 1894 – King Vidor, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1982)
• 1897 – Zakir Hussain, Indian academic and politician, 3rd president of India (d. 1969)
• 1899 – Lonnie Johnson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1970)
• 1903 – Greta Keller, Austrian-American singer and actress (d. 1977)
• 1906 – Chester Carlson, American physicist and lawyer, invented Xerography (d. 1968)
• 1909 – Elisabeth Murdoch, Australian philanthropist (d. 2012)
• 1911 – Elizabeth Bishop, American poet and author (d. 1979)
• 1913 – Betty Field, American actress (d. 1973)
• 1913 – Danai Stratigopoulou, Greek singer-songwriter (d. 2009)
• 1914 – Bill Finger, American author and screenwriter, co-created Batman (d. 1974)
• 1915 – Georges Guétary, Egyptian-French singer, dancer, and actor (d. 1997)
• 1918 – Freddie Blassie, American wrestler and manager (d. 2003)
• 1920 – George W. George, American theater, Broadway, and film producer (d. 2007)
• 1921 – Barney Danson, Canadian colonel and politician, 21st Canadian Minister of National Defence (d. 2011)
• 1921 – Lana Turner, American actress (d. 1995)
• 1922 – Audrey Meadows, American actress and banker (d. 1996)
• 1925 – Jack Lemmon, American actor (d. 2001)
• 1926 – Neal Cassady, American author and poet (d. 1968)
• 1926 – Birgitte Reimer, Danish film actress
• 1929 – Roger Byrne, English footballer (d. 1958)
• 1929 – Claude Rich, French actor and screenwriter
• 1930 – Alejandro Rey, Argentinian-American actor and director (d. 1987)
• 1930 – Arlan Stangeland, American farmer and politician (d. 2013)
• 1931 – James Dean, American actor (d. 1955)
• 1932 – Cliff Allison, English race car driver and businessman (d. 2005)
• 1932 – John Williams, American pianist, composer, and conductor
• 1933 – Elly Ameling, Dutch soprano
• 1937 – Joe Raposo, American pianist and composer (d. 1989)
• 1937 – Harry Wu, Chinese human rights activist (d. 2016)
• 1939 – Jose Maria Sison, Filipino activist and theorist
• 1940 – Ted Koppel, English-American journalist
• 1941 – Nick Nolte, American actor and producer
• 1941 – Tom Rush, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1941 – Jagjit Singh, Indian singer-songwriter (d. 2011)
• 1942 – Robert Klein, American comedian, actor, and singer
• 1942 – Terry Melcher, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2004)
• 1943 – Creed Bratton, American actor
• 1943 – Pirzada Qasim, Pakistani poet and academic
• 1944 – Roger Lloyd-Pack, English actor (d. 2014)
• 1944 – Tony Minson, English virologist and academic
• 1944 – Sebastião Salgado, Brazilian photographer and journalist
• 1947 – Kerrie Biddell, Australian singer and pianist (d. 2014)
• 1947 – J. Richard Gott, American astronomer and academic
• 1948 – Dan Seals, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2009)
• 1949 – Brooke Adams, American actress, producer, and screenwriter
• 1949 – Niels Arestrup, French actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1950 – Cristina Ferrare, American model and actress
• 1952 – Marinho Chagas, Brazilian footballer and coach (d. 2014)
• 1953 – Mary Steenburgen, American actress
• 1955 – John Grisham, American lawyer and author
• 1955 – Jim Neidhart, American wrestler
• 1956 – Marques Johnson, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1956 – Dave Meros, American bass player
• 1957 – Katherine Freese, American astrophysicist and academic
• 1958 – Sherri Martel, American wrestler and manager (d. 2007)
• 1958 – Marina Silva, Brazilian environmentalist and politician
• 1959 – Heinz Gunthardt, Swiss tennis player
• 1959 – Andrew Hoy, Australian equestrian rider
• 1959 – Mauricio Macri, Argentinian businessman and politician, President of Argentina
• 1960 – Benigno Aquino III, Filipino politician, 15th President of the Philippines
• 1960 – Dino Ciccarelli, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1960 – Stuart Hamm, American bass player
• 1961 – Vince Neil, American singer-songwriter and actor
• 1962 – Daniel Levy, English businessman
• 1963 – Mohammad Azharuddin, Indian cricketer and politician
• 1963 – Joshua Kadison, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1964 – Trinny Woodall, English fashion designer and author
• 1965 – Dicky Cheung, Hong Kong actor and singer
• 1965 – Miguel Pardeza, Spanish footballer
• 1966 – Alex Antonitsch, Austrian tennis player
• 1966 – Bruno Labbadia, German footballer and manager
• 1966 – Sarah Montague, English journalist and radio host
• 1966 – Kirk Muller, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1966 – Hristo Stoichkov, Bulgarian footballer and manager
• 1968 – Gary Coleman, American actor (d. 2010)
• 1969 – Mary Robinette Kowal, American puppeteer and author
• 1969 – Mary McCormack, American actress and producer
• 1970 – John Filan, Australian footballer and coach
• 1970 – Alonzo Mourning, American basketball player
• 1971 – Aidy Boothroyd, English footballer and manager
• 1971 – Mika Karppinen, Swedish-Finnish drummer and songwriter
• 1974 – Seth Green, American actor, voice artist, comedian, producer, writer, and director
• 1976 – Khaled Mashud, Bangladeshi cricketer
• 1976 – Nicolas Vouilloz, French race car driver and biker
• 1977 – Barry Hall, Australian footballer
• 1977 – Roman Kostomarov, Russian ice dancer
• 1978 – Mick de Brenni, Australian politician
• 1979 – Aaron Cook, American baseball player
• 1981 – Steve Gohouri, Ivorian footballer (d. 2015)
• 1981 – Myriam Montemayor Cruz, Mexican singer
• 1983 – Jermaine Anderson, Canadian basketball player
• 1983 – Cory Jane, New Zealand rugby player
• 1983 – Jim Verraros, American singer and actor
• 1984 – Manuel Osborne-Paradis, Canadian skier
• 1984 – Cecily Strong, American actress
• 1984 – Panagiotis Vasilopoulos, Greek basketball player
• 1985 – Petra Cetkovská, Czech tennis player
• 1985 – Jeremy Davis, American bass player and songwriter
• 1987 – Javi García, Spanish footballer
• 1987 – Carolina Kostner, Italian figure skater
• 1988 – Keegan Meth, Zimbabwean cricketer
• 1989 – Zac Guildford, New Zealand rugby player
• 1989 – Courtney Vandersloot, American basketball player
• 1991 – Aristidis Soiledis, Greek footballer
• 1991 – Nam Woo-hyun, South Korean singer-songwriter, dancer, actor
• 1991 – Roberto Soriano, Italian footballer
• 1992 – Carl Jenkinson, English-Finnish footballer
• 1992 – Misaki Matsutomo, Japanese badminton player
• 1994 – Nikki Yanofsky, Canadian singer-songwriter
• 1998 – Orlando Luz, Brazilian tennis player

Deaths[edit]

• 538 – Severus of Antioch, patriarch of Antioch
• 1204 – Alexios IV Angelos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1182)
• 1250 – Robert I, Count of Artois (b. 1216)
• 1250 – William II Longespée, English martyr (b. 1212)
• 1265 – Hulagu Khan, Mongol ruler (b. 1217)
• 1296 – Przemysł II of Poland (b. 1257)
• 1314 – Helen of Anjou, queen of Serbia (b. 1236)
• 1587 – Mary, Queen of Scots (b. 1542)
• 1599 – Robert Rollock, Scottish theologian and academic (b. 1555)
• 1676 – Alexis of Russia (b. 1629)
• 1623 – Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter, English soldier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Northamptonshire (b. 1546)
• 1640 – Murad IV, Ottoman sultan (b. 1612)
• 1696 – Ivan V of Russia (b. 1666)
• 1709 – Giuseppe Torelli, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1658)
• 1725 – Peter the Great, Russian emperor (b. 1672)
• 1749 – Jan van Huysum, Dutch painter (b. 1682)
• 1750 – Aaron Hill, English playwright and poet (b. 1685)
• 1768 – George Dance the Elder, English architect, designed St Leonard's and St Botolph's Aldgate (b. 1695)
• 1772 – Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (b. 1719)
• 1849 – François Habeneck, French violinist and conductor (b. 1781)
• 1849 – France Prešeren, Slovenian poet and lawyer (b. 1800)
• 1856 – Agostino Bassi, Italian entomologist and academic (b. 1773)
• 1907 – Hendrik Willem Bakhuis Roozeboom, Dutch chemist and academic (b. 1854)
• 1910 – Hans Jæger, Norwegian philosopher and activist (b. 1854)
• 1915 – François Langelier, Canadian journalist, lawyer, and politician, 10th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (b. 1838)
• 1921 – George Formby Sr, English actor and singer (b. 1876)
• 1921 – Peter Kropotkin, Russian zoologist, geographer, and philologist (b. 1842)
• 1932 – Yordan Milanov, Bulgarian architect, designed the Sveti Sedmochislenitsi Church (b. 1867)
• 1935 – Eemil Nestor Setälä, Finnish linguist and politician, Finnish Minister for Foreign Affairs (b. 1864)
• 1936 – Charles Curtis, American lawyer and politician, 31st Vice President of the United States (b. 1860)
• 1945 – Italo Santelli, Italian fencer and coach (b. 1866)
• 1956 – Connie Mack, American baseball player and manager (b. 1862)
• 1957 – Walther Bothe, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1891)
• 1957 – John von Neumann, Hungarian-American mathematician and physicist (b. 1903)
• 1960 – J. L. Austin, English philosopher and academic (b. 1911)
• 1960 – Giles Gilbert Scott, English architect and engineer, designed the Red telephone box and Liverpool Cathedral (b. 1880)
• 1963 – George Dolenz, Italian-American actor (b. 1908)
• 1964 – Ernst Kretschmer, German psychiatrist and author (b. 1888)
• 1968 – Maurice Maillot, French actor (b. 1906)
• 1972 – Markos Vamvakaris, Greek singer-songwriter and bouzouki player (b. 1905)
• 1975 – Robert Robinson, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1886)
• 1977 – Eivind Groven, Norwegian composer and theorist (b. 1901)
• 1979 – Dennis Gabor, Hungarian-English physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1900)
• 1980 – Nikos Xilouris, Greek singer-songwriter (b. 1936)
• 1982 – John Hay Whitney, American financier and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (b. 1904)
• 1985 – William Lyons, English businessman, co-founded Swallow Sidecar Company (b. 1901)
• 1987 – Harriet E. MacGibbon, American actress (b. 1905)
• 1990 – Del Shannon, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1934)
• 1992 – Stanley Armour Dunham, American sergeant (b. 1918)
• 1994 – Raymond Scott, American pianist and composer (b. 1908)
• 1996 – Del Ennis, American baseball player (b. 1925)
• 1997 – Corey Scott, American motorcycle stunt rider (b. 1968)
• 1998 – Halldór Laxness, Icelandic author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
• 1998 – Enoch Powell, English soldier and politician, Secretary of State for Health (b. 1912)
• 1998 – Julian Simon, American economist and author (b. 1932)
• 1999 – Iris Murdoch, Irish-born British novelist and philosopher (b. 1919)
• 2000 – Sid Abel, Canadian-American ice hockey player, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1918)
• 2000 – Derrick Thomas, American football player (b. 1967)
• 2001 – Ivo Caprino, Norwegian director and screenwriter (b. 1920)
• 2002 – Ong Teng Cheong, Singaporean architect and politician, 5th President of Singapore (b. 1936)
• 2004 – Julius Schwartz, American journalist and author (b. 1915)
• 2005 – A. Chandranehru, Sri Lankan sailor and politician (b. 1944)
• 2005 – Keith Knudsen, American singer-songwriter and drummer (b. 1948)
• 2006 – Elton Dean, English saxophonist, songwriter, and producer (b. 1945)
• 2006 – Thierry Fortineau, French actor (b. 1953)
• 2006 – Akira Ifukube, Japanese composer (b. 1914)
• 2007 – Anna Nicole Smith, American model and actress (b. 1967)
• 2007 – Ian Stevenson, Canadian-American psychiatrist and academic (b. 1918)
• 2010 – John Murtha, American colonel and politician (b. 1932)
• 2011 – Tony Malinosky, American baseball player and soldier (b. 1909)
• 2012 – Wando, Brazilian singer-songwriter (b. 1945)
• 2012 – Gunther Plaut, German-Canadian rabbi and author (b. 1912)
• 2012 – Luis Alberto Spinetta, Argentinian singer-songwriter (b. 1950)
• 2013 – Giovanni Cheli, Italian cardinal (b. 1918)
• 2013 – James DePreist, American conductor and educator (b. 1936)
• 2013 – Maureen Dragone, American journalist and author (b. 1920)
• 2014 – Els Borst, Dutch physician and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1932)
• 2014 – Maicon Pereira de Oliveira, Brazilian footballer (b. 1988)
• 2014 – Nancy Holt, American sculptor and painter (b. 1938)
• 2015 – Rauni-Leena Luukanen-Kilde, Finnish physician and parapsychologist (b. 1939)
• 2015 – Andrew Rosenfeld, English businessman, co-founded Minerva (b. 1962)
• 2015 – Müzeyyen Senar, Turkish singer-songwriter (b. 1918)
• 2016 – Amelia Bence, Argentine actress (b. 1914)
• 2016 – Nida Fazli, Indian poet and songwriter (b. 1938)
• 2016 – Margaret Forster, English historian, author, and critic (b. 1938)
• 2016 – Roy Señeres, Filipino businessman, lawyer, and politician (b. 1947)
• 2016 – Violette Verdy, French ballerina (b. 1933)