[edit]

• 533 – Vandalic War: Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Tricamarum.
• 687 – Pope Sergius I is elected.
• 1161 – Jin–Song wars: Military officers conspire against the emperor Wanyan Liang of the Jin dynasty after a military defeat at the Battle of Caishi, and assassinate the emperor at his camp.
• 1167 – Sicilian Chancellor Stephen du Perche moves the royal court to Messina to prevent a rebellion.
• 1256 – Mongol forces under the command of Hulagu Khan enter and destroy the Hashshashin stronghold at Alamut Castle (in present-day Iran) as part of their offensive on Islamic southwest Asia.
• 1467 – Stephen III of Moldavia defeats Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, with the latter being injured thrice, at the Battle of Baia.
• 1651 – Castle Cornet in Guernsey, the last stronghold which had supported the King in the Third English Civil War, surrenders.
• 1778 – American Revolutionary War: British and French fleets clash in the Battle of St. Lucia.
• 1791 – The United States Bill of Rights becomes law when ratified by the Virginia General Assembly.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Nashville: Union forces under George Thomas almost completely destroy the Army of Tennessee under John Hood.
• 1890 – Hunkpapa Lakota leader Sitting Bull is killed on Standing Rock Indian Reservation, leading to the Wounded Knee Massacre.
• 1905 – The Pushkin House is established in Saint Petersburg, Russia, to preserve the cultural heritage of Alexander Pushkin
• 1906 – The London Underground's Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway opens.
• 1913 – Nicaragua becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires Convention.
• 1914 – World War I: The Serbian Army recaptures Belgrade from the invading Austro-Hungarian Army.
• 1914 – A gas explosion at Mitsubishi Hōjō coal mine, in Kyushu, Japan, kills 687.
• 1917 – World War I: An armistice between Russia and the Central Powers is signed.
• 1933 – The Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution officially becomes effective, repealing the Eighteenth Amendment that prohibited the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol.
• 1939 – Gone with the Wind (highest inflation adjusted grossing film) receives its premiere at Loew's Grand Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
• 1941 – The Holocaust: German troops murder over 15,000 Jews at Drobytsky Yar, a ravine southeast of the city of Kharkiv, Ukraine, Soviet Union.
• 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign.
• 1943 – World War II: The Battle of Arawe begins during the New Britain campaign.
• 1945 – Occupation of Japan/Shinto Directive: General Douglas MacArthur orders that Shinto be abolished as the state religion of Japan.
• 1960 – Richard Pavlick is arrested for plotting to assassinate U.S. President-Elect John F. Kennedy.
• 1960 – King Mahendra of Nepal suspends the country's constitution, dissolves parliament, dismisses the cabinet, and imposes direct rule.
• 1961 – Adolf Eichmann is sentenced to death after being found guilty by an Israeli court of 15 criminal charges, including charges of crimes against humanity, crimes against the Jewish people, and membership of an outlawed organization.
• 1965 – Project Gemini: Gemini 6A, crewed by Wally Schirra and Thomas Stafford, is launched from Cape Kennedy, Florida. Four orbits later, it achieves the first space rendezvous, with Gemini 7.
• 1970 – Soviet spacecraft Venera 7 successfully lands on Venus. It is the first successful soft landing on another planet
• 1970 – A South Korean ferry, Namyong Ho, capsizes in the Korea Strait, killing more than 300 people.
• 1973 – John Paul Getty III, grandson of American billionaire J. Paul Getty, is found alive near Naples, Italy, after being kidnapped by an Italian gang on July 10.
• 1973 – The American Psychiatric Association votes 13–0 to remove homosexuality from its official list of psychiatric disorders, the DSM-II.
• 1978 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter announces that the United States will recognize the People's Republic of China and sever diplomatic relations with Taiwan
• 1981 – A suicide car bombing targeting the Iraqi embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, levels the embassy and kills 61 people, including Iraq's ambassador to Lebanon. The attack is considered the first modern suicide bombing.
• 1989 – Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is created.
• 1993 – The Troubles: The Downing Street Declaration is issued by British Prime Minister John Major and Irish Taoiseach Albert Reynolds.
• 1997 – Tajikistan Airlines Flight 3183 crashes in the desert near Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, killing 85.
• 2000 – The third reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant is shut down.
• 2001 – The Leaning Tower of Pisa reopens after 11 years and $27,000,000 spent to stabilize it, without fixing its famous lean.
• 2005 – Introduction of the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor into USAF active service.
• 2009 – Boeing's 787 Dreamliner makes its maiden flight from Seattle, Washington.
• 2010 – A boat carrying 90 asylum seekers crashes into rocks off the coast of Christmas Island, Australia, killing 48 people.
• 2014 – Man Haron Monis takes 18 hostages inside a café in Martin Place for 16 hours in Sydney. Monis and two hostages are killed when police raid the café the following morning.

Births[edit]

• 37 – Nero, Roman emperor (d. 68)
• 130 – Lucius Verus, Roman emperor (d. 169)
• 1567 – Christoph Demantius, German composer, poet, and theorist (d. 1643)
• 1657 – Michel Richard Delalande, French organist and composer (d. 1726)
• 1686 – Jean-Joseph Fiocco, Flemish violinist and composer (d. 1746)
• 1789 – Carlos Soublette, Venezuelan general and politician, 11th President of Venezuela (d. 1870)
• 1832 – Gustave Eiffel, French architect and engineer, co-designed the Eiffel Tower (d. 1923)
• 1837 – E. W. Bullinger, English minister, scholar, and theologian (b. 1837
• 1852 – Henri Becquerel, French physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1908)
• 1859 – L. L. Zamenhof, Polish linguist and ophthalmologist, created Esperanto (d. 1917)
• 1860 – Niels Ryberg Finsen, Faroese-Danish physician and educator, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1904)
• 1860 – Abner Powell, American baseball player and manager (d. 1953)
• 1861 – Charles Duryea, American engineer and businessman, co-founded the Duryea Motor Wagon Company (d. 1938)
• 1861 – Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, Finnish lawyer, judge, and politician, 3rd President of Finland (d. 1944)
• 1863 – Arthur Dehon Little, American chemist and engineer (d. 1935)
• 1869 – Leon Marchlewski, Polish chemist and academic (d. 1946)
• 1875 – Emilio Jacinto, Filipino journalist and activist (d. 1899)
• 1878 – Hans Carossa, German author and poet (d. 1956)
• 1885 – Leonid Pitamic, Slovenian lawyer, philosopher, and academic (d. 1971)
• 1888 – Maxwell Anderson, American journalist and playwright (d. 1959)
• 1890 – Harry Babcock, American pole vaulter (d. 1965)
• 1892 – J. Paul Getty, American-English businessman and art collector, founded Getty Oil (d. 1976)
• 1894 – Vibert Douglas, Canadian astrophysicist and astronomer (d. 1988)
• 1894 – Josef Imbach, Swiss sprinter (d. 1964)
• 1896 – Betty Smith, American author and playwright (d. 1972)
• 1899 – Harold Abrahams, English sprinter, lawyer, and journalist (d. 1978)
• 1902 – Robert F. Bradford, American lawyer and politician, 57th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1983)
• 1903 – Tamanishiki San'emon, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 32nd Yokozuna (d. 1938)
• 1907 – Gordon Douglas, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1993)
• 1907 – Oscar Niemeyer, Brazilian architect, designed the United Nations Headquarters and the Cathedral of Brasília (d. 2012)
• 1908 – Swami Ranganathananda, Indian monk, scholar, and author (d. 2005)
• 1909 – Sattar Bahlulzade, Azerbaijani-Russian painter (d. 1974)
• 1910 – John Hammond, American record producer and critic (d. 1987)
• 1911 – Nicholas P. Dallis, American psychiatrist and illustrator (d. 1991)
• 1911 – Stan Kenton, American pianist and composer (d. 1979)
• 1913 – Roger Gaudry, Canadian chemist and businessman (d. 2001)
• 1913 – Muriel Rukeyser, American poet, academic, and activist (d. 1980)
• 1916 – Miguel Arraes, Brazilian lawyer and politician, Governor of Pernambuco (d. 2005)
• 1916 – Buddy Cole, American pianist and conductor (d. 1964)
• 1916 – Maurice Wilkins, New Zealand-English physicist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)
• 1917 – Shan-ul-Haq Haqqee, Indian-Pakistani linguist and lexicographer (d. 2005)
• 1918 – Jeff Chandler, American actor (d. 1961)
• 1918 – Chihiro Iwasaki, Japanese painter and illustrator (d. 1974)
• 1919 – Max Yasgur, American dairy farmer and host of the Woodstock Music & Art Fair (d. 1973)
• 1920 – Gamal al-Banna, Egyptian author and scholar (d. 2013)
• 1920 – Kurt Schaffenberger, German-American sergeant and illustrator (d. 2002)
• 1921 – Alan Freed, American radio host (d. 1965)
• 1923 – Pierre Cossette, American producer and manager (d. 2009)
• 1923 – Freeman Dyson, English-American physicist and mathematician
• 1923 – Uziel Gal, German-Israeli engineer, designed the Uzi gun (d. 2002)
• 1923 – Valentin Varennikov, Russian general and politician (d. 2009)
• 1924 – Frank W. J. Olver, English-American mathematician and academic (d. 2013)
• 1924 – Ruhi Sarıalp, Turkish triple jumper and educator (d. 2001)
• 1925 – Kasey Rogers, American actress and author (d. 2006)
• 1928 – Ernest Ashworth, American singer-songwriter (d. 2009)
• 1928 – Ida Haendel, Polish-English violinist and educator
• 1928 – Friedensreich Hundertwasser, Austrian-New Zealand painter and architect (d. 2000)
• 1930 – Edna O'Brien, Irish novelist, playwright, poet and short story writer
• 1931 – Klaus Rifbjerg, Danish author and poet (d. 2015)
• 1932 – Jesse Belvin, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1960)
• 1932 – John Meurig Thomas, Welsh chemist and academic
• 1933 – Bapu, Indian director and screenwriter (d. 2014)
• 1933 – Tim Conway, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1933 – Donald Woods, South African journalist and activist (d. 2001)
• 1936 – Joe D'Amato, Italian director and producer (d. 1999)
• 1938 – Michael Bogdanov, Welsh director and screenwriter
• 1938 – Bob Foster, American boxer and police officer (d. 2015)
• 1938 – Billy Shaw, American football player
• 1939 – Cindy Birdsong, American singer-songwriter
• 1940 – Nick Buoniconti, American football player and sportscaster
• 1942 – Kathleen Blanco, American educator and politician, 54th Governor of Louisiana
• 1942 – Dave Clark, English drummer, songwriter, and producer
• 1943 – Lucien den Arend, Dutch sculptor
• 1944 – Jim Leyland, American baseball player and manager
• 1944 – Chico Mendes, Brazilian trade union leader and activist (d. 1988)
• 1945 – Ivor Crewe, English political scientist and academic
• 1946 – Carmine Appice, American drummer and songwriter
• 1946 – Art Howe, American baseball player and manager
• 1949 – Don Johnson, American actor
• 1949 – Brian Roper, English economist and academic
• 1950 – Melanie Chartoff, American actress and comedian
• 1951 – Joe Jordan, Scottish footballer and manager
• 1952 – Rudi Protrudi, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1952 – Allan Simonsen, Danish footballer and manager
• 1952 – Julie Taymor, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1953 – John R. Allen, American general and diplomat
• 1953 – J. M. DeMatteis, American author
• 1953 – Robert Charles Wilson, American-Canadian author
• 1954 – Oliver Heald, English lawyer and politician, Solicitor General for England and Wales
• 1954 – Mark Warner, American businessman and politician, 69th Governor of Virginia
• 1955 – Hector Sants, English banker
• 1955 – Paul Simonon, English singer-songwriter and bass player
• 1956 – Tony Leon, South African lawyer and politician
• 1957 – Mario Marois, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
• 1957 – Mike McAlary, American journalist and author (d. 1998)
• 1957 – Laura Molina, American singer, guitarist, actress, and painter
• 1957 – Tim Reynolds, German-American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1958 – Carlo J. Caparas, Filipino director and producer
• 1958 – Richard Kastle, American classical pianist
• 1960 – Walter Werzowa, Austrian composer and producer
• 1961 – Karin Resetarits, Austrian journalist and politician
• 1962 – Tim Gaines, American bass player
• 1962 – Simon Hodgkinson, English rugby player and coach
• 1963 – Norman J. Grossfeld, American screenwriter and producer
• 1963 – Helen Slater, American actress
• 1963 – David Wingate, American basketball player
• 1966 – Carl Hooper, Guyanese cricketer and coach
• 1967 – David Howells, English footballer and coach
• 1967 – Mo Vaughn, American baseball player
• 1969 – Chantal Petitclerc, Canadian wheelchair racer
• 1969 – Adam Setliff, American discus thrower and lawyer
• 1970 – Frankie Dettori, Italian jockey
• 1970 – Lawrence Funderburke, American basketball player
• 1970 – Michael Shanks, Canadian actor, screenwriter and director
• 1971 – Clint Lowery, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1972 – Rodney Harrison, American football player and sportscaster
• 1972 – Stuart Townsend, Irish actor
• 1973 – Surya Bonaly, French-American figure skater
• 1973 – Ryoo Seung-wan, South Korean actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1976 – Baichung Bhutia, Indian footballer and manager
• 1976 – Aaron Miles, American baseball player and coach
• 1976 – Todd Tichenor, American baseball player and umpire
• 1977 – Mehmet Aurélio, Brazilian-Turkish footballer and manager
• 1977 – Geoff Stults, American actor and producer
• 1978 – Ned Brower, American drummer
• 1978 – Mark Jansen, Dutch guitarist and songwriter
• 1978 – Jerome McDougle, American football player
• 1979 – Adam Brody, American actor
• 1979 – Eric Young, Canadian-American wrestler
• 1980 – Sergio Pizzorno, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1980 – Manuel Wilhelm, German rugby player
• 1981 – Michelle Dockery, English actress
• 1981 – Brendan Fletcher, Canadian actor and screenwriter
• 1981 – Andy González, Puerto Rican-American baseball player
• 1981 – Thomas Herrion, American football player (d. 2005)
• 1981 – Roman Pavlyuchenko, Russian footballer
• 1982 – Borja García, Spanish race car driver
• 1982 – Tatiana Perebiynis, Ukrainian tennis player
• 1983 – Delon Armitage, Trinidadian-English rugby player
• 1983 – Ronnie Radke, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1984 – Martyn Bernard, English high jumper
• 1985 – Diogo Fernandes, Brazilian footballer
• 1986 – Kim Junsu, South Korean singer-songwriter and dancer
• 1986 – Iveta Mazáčová, Czech sprinter
• 1986 – Snejana Onopka, Ukrainian model
• 1988 – Steven N'Zonzi, French footballer
• 1997 – Zach Banks, American race car driver
• 1997 – Magdalena Fręch, Polish tennis player

Deaths[edit]

• 933 – Li Siyuan, Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang
• 1025 – Basil II, Byzantine emperor (b. 958)
• 1072 – Alp Arslan, Turkish sultan (b. 1029)
• 1230 – Ottokar I of Bohemia (b. 1155)
• 1574 – Selim II, Ottoman sultan (b. 1524)
• 1598 – Philips of Marnix, Lord of Saint-Aldegonde (b. 1540)
• 1621 – Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes, French courtier, Constable of France (b. 1578)
• 1673 – Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (b. 1623)
• 1675 – Johannes Vermeer, Dutch painter and educator (b. 1632)
• 1683 – Izaak Walton, English author (b. 1593)
• 1688 – Gaspar Fagel, Dutch lawyer and politician (b. 1634)
• 1715 – George Hickes, English minister and scholar (b. 1642)
• 1753 – Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington, English architect and politician, designed Chiswick House (b. 1694)
• 1792 – Joseph Martin Kraus, Swedish pianist, violinist, and composer (b. 1756)
• 1812 – Shneur Zalman, Russian rabbi, author and founder of Chabad (b. 1845)
• 1855 – Jacques Charles François Sturm, French mathematician and academic (b. 1803)
• 1878 – Alfred Bird, English chemist and businessman, invented baking powder (b. 1811)
• 1890 – Sitting Bull, American tribal chief (b. 1831)
• 1943 – Fats Waller, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1904)
• 1944 – Glenn Miller, American bandleader and composer (b. 1904)
• 1947 – Arthur Machen, Welsh journalist and author (b. 1863)
• 1950 – Vallabhbhai Patel, Indian lawyer and politician, 1st Deputy Prime Minister of India (b. 1875)
• 1958 – Wolfgang Pauli, Austrian-Swiss physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1900)
• 1962 – Charles Laughton, English-American actor, director, and producer (b. 1899)
• 1965 – M. Balasundaram, Sri Lankan journalist, lawyer, and politician (b. 1903)
• 1966 – Keith Arbuthnott, 15th Viscount of Arbuthnott, Indian-Scottish general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Kincardineshire (b. 1897)
• 1966 – Walt Disney, American animator, director, producer, and screenwriter, co-founded The Walt Disney Company (b. 1901)
• 1968 – Antonio Barrette, Canadian politician, 18th Premier of Quebec (b. 1899)
• 1968 – Jess Willard, American boxer and actor (b. 1881)
• 1969 – Karl Theodor Bleek, German lawyer and politician, 12th Mayor of Marburg (b. 1898)
• 1971 – Paul Lévy, French mathematician and theorist (b. 1886)
• 1974 – Anatole Litvak, Russian-American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1902)
• 1977 – Wilfred Kitching, English 7th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1893)
• 1978 – Chill Wills, American actor (b. 1903)
• 1984 – Jan Peerce, American tenor and actor (b. 1904)
• 1985 – Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Mauritian physician and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Mauritius (b. 1900)
• 1986 – Serge Lifar, Ukrainian-French ballet dancer and choreographer, famous as one of the greatest male ballet dancers of the 20th century.
• 1989 – Edward Underdown, English actor and jockey (b. 1908)
• 1991 – Vasily Zaytsev, Russian captain (b. 1915)
• 1993 – William Dale Phillips, American chemist and engineer (b. 1925)
• 2000 – Haris Brkić, Bosnian-Serbian basketball player (b. 1974)
• 2003 – George Fisher, American cartoonist (b. 1923)
• 2003 – Keith Magnuson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1947)
• 2004 – Vassal Gadoengin, Nauruan educator and politician, Speaker of the Nuru Parliament (b. 1943)
• 2005 – Heinrich Gross, Austrian physician and psychiatrist (b. 1914)
• 2005 – Stan Leonard, Canadian golfer (b. 1915)
• 2005 – William Proxmire, American soldier, journalist, and politician (b. 1915)
• 2005 – Darrell Russell, American football player (b. 1976)
• 2006 – Clay Regazzoni, Swiss race car driver (b. 1939)
• 2006 – Mary Stolz, American journalist and author (b. 1920)
• 2007 – Julia Carson, American lawyer and politician (b. 1938)
• 2008 – León Febres Cordero, Ecuadorian engineer and politician, 46th President of Ecuador (b. 1931)
• 2009 – Oral Roberts, American evangelist, founded the Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association (b. 1918)
• 2010 – Blake Edwards, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1922)
• 2010 – Bob Feller, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1918)
• 2010 – Eugene Victor Wolfenstein, American psychoanalyst and theorist (b. 1940)
• 2011 – Bob Brookmeyer, American trombone player and composer (b. 1929)
• 2011 – Christopher Hitchens, English-American essayist, literary critic, and journalist (b. 1949)
• 2012 – Owoye Andrew Azazi, Nigerian general (b. 1952)
• 2012 – Patrick Ibrahim Yakowa, Nigerian politician, 18th Governor of Kaduna State (b. 1948)
• 2012 – Olga Zubarry, Argentinian actress (b. 1929)
• 2013 – Harold Camping, American evangelist, author, radio host (b. 1921)
• 2013 – Joan Fontaine, British-American actress (b. 1917)
• 2013 – Dyron Nix, American basketball player (b. 1967)
• 2014 – Donald Metcalf, Australian physiologist and immunologist (b. 1929)
• 2014 – Fausto Zapata, Mexican journalist, lawyer, and politician, Governor of San Luis Potosí (b. 1940)
• 2015 – Harry Zvi Tabor, English-Israeli physicist and engineer (b. 1917)

Austrian MPs vote to seize 

Hitler's birthplace house

After years of controversy, Austria's parliament has passed a law allowing it to seize the house where Adolf Hitler was born in 1889.

Owner Gerlinde Pommer had repeatedly refused to sell the building in Braunau am Inn or allow renovations. 

Mrs Pommer will now be given compensation. But it is still not clear what the government will do with the former guesthouse.

The authorities are keen to stop it becoming a draw for neo-Nazis.

• Hitler's old house gives Austria a headache
• Home towns struggle with legacy of Stalin and Hitler

The parliament's decision puts an end to a long-running row between the government and Mrs Pommer, who is now retired.

For many years, the government paid Mrs Pommer a generous rent in an attempt to prevent the three-storey building being used as a site for neo-Nazi tourism.

Image copyrightGETTY IMAGES

In the past it was used by a local charity as a day centre and workshop for people with special needs. 

But the charity was forced to move out several years ago when Mrs Pommer blocked renovations. 

The building's future has been widely debated, with opinion torn between razing it or changing its use.

Some people, including Interior Minister Wolfgang Sobotka, have said they want it to be knocked down.

A panel of historians, who have been asked to advise on the matter, say that would be tantamount to denying Austria's Nazi past. 

A number of cultural organisations have stressed that the building is part of the historic city centre and therefore under heritage protection.

Hitler was born in a rented room on the top floor of the building, near the Austro-German border, on 20 April 1889.

During Nazi rule, the house was transformed into a shrine to Hitler as the town drew in a wave of tourists.

But as the Nazis began to lose control in 1944, it was shut up.

Locals say it still attracts neo-Nazi sympathisers to Braunau am Inn, despite the efforts of local authorities to prevent this.

Άγιος Ελευθέριος

[edit]

• 714 – Pepin of Herstal, mayor of the Merovingian palace, dies at Jupille (modern Belgium). He is succeeded by his infant grandson Theudoald while his wife Plectrude holds actual power in the Frankish Kingdom.
• 755 – An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Yanjing, initiating the An Lushan Rebellion during the Tang dynasty of China.
• 1431 – Hundred Years' War: Henry VI of England is crowned King of France at Notre Dame in Paris.
• 1497 – Vasco da Gama passes the Great Fish River, where Bartolomeu Dias had previously turned back to Portugal.
• 1575 – An earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 8.5 strikes Valdivia, Chile.
• 1598 – Seven-Year War: Battle of Noryang: The final battle of the Seven-Year War is fought between the China and the Korean allied forces and Japanese navies, resulting in a decisive allied forces victory.
• 1653 – English Interregnum: The Protectorate: Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland.
• 1689 – Convention Parliament: The Declaration of Right is embodied in the Bill of Rights.
• 1761 – Seven Years' War: After a four-month siege, the Russians under Pyotr Rumyantsev take the Prussian fortress of Kołobrzeg.
• 1773 – American Revolution: Boston Tea Party: Members of the Sons of Liberty disguised as Mohawk Indians dump hundreds of crates of tea into Boston harbor as a protest against the Tea Act.
• 1811 – The first two in a series of four severe earthquakes occur in the vicinity of New Madrid, Missouri.
• 1826 – Benjamin W. Edwards rides into Mexican-controlled Nacogdoches, Texas, and declares himself ruler of the Republic of Fredonia.
• 1838 – Great Trek: Battle of Blood River: Voortrekkers led by Andries Pretorius and Sarel Cilliers defeat Zulu impis, led by Dambuza (Nzobo) and Ndlela kaSompisi in what is today KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
• 1850 – The Charlotte Jane and the Randolph bring the first of the Canterbury Pilgrims to Lyttelton, New Zealand.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Joseph E. Johnston replaces Braxton Bragg as commander of the Confederate Army of Tennessee.
• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Nashville: Major General George Thomas's Union forces defeat Lieutenant General John Bell Hood's Confederate Army of Tennessee.
• 1880 – Outbreak of the First Boer War between the Boer South African Republic and the British Empire.
• 1883 – Tonkin Campaign: French forces capture the Sơn Tây citadel.
• 1903 – Taj Mahal Palace & Tower hotel in Bombay first opens its doors to guests.
• 1907 – The American Great White Fleet begins its circumnavigation of the world.
• 1912 – First Balkan War: The Royal Hellenic Navy defeats the Ottoman Navy at the Battle of Elli.
• 1914 – World War I: Admiral Franz von Hipper commands a raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby.
• 1918 – Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas declares the formation of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic; it is dissolved in 1919.
• 1920 – The Haiyuan earthquake, magnitude 8.5, rocks the Gansu province in China, killing an estimated 200,000.
• 1922 – President of Poland Gabriel Narutowicz is assassinated by Eligiusz Niewiadomski at the Zachęta Gallery in Warsaw.
• 1930 – Bank robber Herman Lamm and members of his crew are killed by a 200-strong posse, following a botched bank robbery, in Clinton, Indiana.
• 1937 – Theodore Cole and Ralph Roe attempt to escape from the American federal prison on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay; neither is ever seen again.
• 1938 – Adolf Hitler institutes the Cross of Honour of the German Mother.
• 1941 – World War II: Japanese forces occupy Miri, Sarawak.
• 1942 – The Holocaust: Schutzstaffel chief Heinrich Himmler orders that Roma candidates for extermination be deported to Auschwitz.
• 1944 – World War II: The Battle of the Bulge begins with the surprise offensive of three German armies through the Ardennes forest.
• 1946 – Thailand joins the United Nations.
• 1947 – William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain build the first practical point-contact transistor.
• 1950 – Korean War: U.S. President Harry S. Truman declares a state of emergency, after Chinese troops enter the fight in support of communist North Korea.
• 1960 – A United Airlines Douglas DC-8 and a TWA Lockheed Super Constellation collide over Staten Island, New York and crash, killing all 128 people aboard both aircraft and six more on the ground.
• 1965 – Vietnam War: General William Westmoreland sends U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara a request for 243,000 more men by the end of 1966.
• 1968 – Second Vatican Council: Official revocation of the Edict of Expulsion of Jews from Spain.
• 1971 – Bangladesh Liberation War and Indo-Pakistani War of 1971: The surrender of the Pakistan Army brings an end to both conflicts. This is commemorated annually as Victory Day in Bangladesh, and as Vijay Diwas in India.
• 1971 – The United Kingdom recognizes Bahrain's independence, which is commemorated annually as Bahrain's National Day.
• 1978 – Cleveland, Ohio becomes the first major American city to default on its financial obligations since the Great Depression.
• 1979 – Libya joins four other OPEC nations in raising crude oil prices, which has an immediate, dramatic effect on the United States.
• 1985 – Paul Castellano and Thomas Bilotti are shot dead on the orders of John Gotti, who assumes leadership of New York's Gambino crime family.
• 1989 – Romanian Revolution: Protests break out in Timișoara, Romania, in response to an attempt by the government to evict dissident Hungarian pastor László Tőkés.
• 1989 – U.S. Appeals Court Judge Robert Smith Vance is assassinated by a mail bomb sent by Walter Leroy Moody, Jr.
• 1991 – Kazakhstan declares independence from the Soviet Union.
• 2013 – A bus falls from an elevated highway in the Philippines capital Manila killing at least 18 people with 20 injured.
• 2014 – Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan militants attacked an Army Public School in Peshawar, Pakistan, killing 145 people, mostly schoolchildren.

Births[edit]

• 1485 – Catherine of Aragon (d. 1536)
• 1582 – Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey (d. 1642)
• 1584 – John Selden, English jurist and scholar (d. 1654)
• 1614 – Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1674)
• 1716 – Louis Jules Mancini Mazarini, French poet and diplomat (d. 1798)
• 1717 – Elizabeth Carter, English poet and scholar (d. 1806)
• 1742 – Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, German field marshal (d. 1819)
• 1770 – Ludwig van Beethoven, composer (d. 1827)
• 1775 – Jane Austen, English author (d. 1817)
• 1775 – François-Adrien Boieldieu, French pianist and composer (d. 1834)
• 1776 – Johann Wilhelm Ritter, German chemist, physicist, and philosopher (d. 1810)
• 1778 – John Ordronaux, French-American soldier (d. 1841)
• 1787 – Mary Russell Mitford, English author and playwright (d. 1855)
• 1790 – Leopold I of Belgium (d. 1865)
• 1804 – Viktor Bunyakovsky, Ukrainian mathematician and academic (d. 1889)
• 1834 – Léon Walras, French-Swiss economist and theorist (d. 1910)
• 1836 – Ernst von Bergmann, Latvian-German surgeon and academic (d. 1907)
• 1861 – Antonio de La Gándara, French painter and illustrator (d. 1917)
• 1863 – George Santayana, Spanish philosopher, author, and poet (d. 1952)
• 1865 – Olavo Bilac, Brazilian journalist and poet (d. 1918)
• 1866 – Wassily Kandinsky, Ukrainian, Russian and French painter and theorist (d. 1944)
• 1867 – Amy Carmichael, Irish missionary and humanitarian (d. 1951)
• 1869 – Hristo Tatarchev, Bulgarian physician and activist, co-founded the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (d. 1952)
• 1869 – Bertha Lamme Feicht, American electrical engineer (d. 1943)
• 1872 – Anton Denikin, Russian general (d. 1947)
• 1882 – Jack Hobbs, English cricketer and journalist (d. 1963)
• 1882 – Zoltán Kodály, Hungarian composer, conductor, and musicologist (d. 1967)
• 1882 – Walther Meissner, German physicist and engineer (d. 1974)
• 1883 – Károly Kós, Hungarian-Romanian architect, ethnologist, and politician (d. 1977)
• 1883 – Max Linder, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1925)
• 1884 – Seibo Kitamura, Japanese sculptor (d. 1987)
• 1888 – Alexander I of Yugoslavia (d. 1934)
• 1888 – Alphonse Juin, Algerian-French general (d. 1967)
• 1889 – Kim Chwa-chin, South Korean guerrilla leader (d. 1930)
• 1895 – Marie Hall Ets, American author and illustrator (d. 1984)
• 1899 – Noël Coward, English actor, playwright, and composer (d. 1973)
• 1900 – Lucille Lortel, American actress and producer (d. 1999)
• 1900 – V. S. Pritchett, English author and critic (d. 1997)
• 1901 – Margaret Mead, American anthropologist and author (d. 1978)
• 1902 – Rafael Alberti, Spanish poet and playwright (d. 1999)
• 1903 – Hardie Albright, American actor (d. 1975)
• 1903 – Harold Whitlock, English race walker and coach (d. 1985)
• 1905 – Piet Hein, Danish mathematician, author, and poet (d. 1996)
• 1907 – Barbara Kent, Canadian-born American film actress (d. 2011)
• 1908 – Remedios Varo, Spanish-Mexican surrealist painter actress (d. 1963)
• 1910 – Freddie Brown, Peruvian-English cricketer and sportscaster (d. 1991)
• 1913 – George Ignatieff, Russian-Canadian scholar and diplomat, 8th Canadian Ambassador to the United Nations (d. 1989)
• 1917 – Nabi Bux Khan Baloch, Pakistani author and scholar (d. 2011)
• 1917 – Pete T. Cenarrusa, American soldier, pilot, and politician, Secretary of State of Idaho (d. 2013)
• 1917 – Arthur C. Clarke, English-Sri Lankan soldier and author (d. 2008)
• 1917 – Ruth Johnson Colvin, American author and educator, founded ProLiteracy Worldwide
• 1920 – Frederick Rotimi Williams, Nigerian lawyer and politician (d. 2005)
• 1921 – Eulalio González, Mexican singer-songwriter, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2003)
• 1922 – Cy Leslie, American record producer, founded Pickwick Records (d. 2008)
• 1923 – Menahem Pressler, German-American pianist (Beaux Arts Trio)
• 1923 – Ernst Florian Winter, Austrian-American historian and political scientist (d. 2014)
• 1924 – Nicolas Sidjakov, Latvian-American illustrator (d. 1993)
• 1926 – James McCracken, American tenor and actor (d. 1988)
• 1926 – A. N. R. Robinson, Trinidadian lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Trinidad and Tobago (d. 2014)
• 1926 – Jeffrey Stone, American actor and screenwriter (d. 2012)
• 1927 – Peter Dickinson, Rhodesian-English author and poet (d. 2015)
• 1927 – Randall Garrett, American author and poet (d. 1987)
• 1928 – Terry Carter, American actor, director, and producer
• 1928 – Philip K. Dick, American philosopher and author (d. 1982)
• 1929 – Nicholas Courtney, Egyptian-English actor (d. 2011)
• 1930 – Bill Brittain, American author (d. 2011)
• 1930 – Sam Most, American flute player and saxophonist (d. 2013)
• 1930 – Bill Young, American sergeant and politician (d. 2013)
• 1932 – Quentin Blake, English author and illustrator
• 1936 – Morris Dees, American lawyer and activist, co-founded the Southern Poverty Law Center
• 1937 – Joyce Bulifant, American actress
• 1937 – Edward Ruscha, American painter and photographer
• 1938 – Frank Deford, American journalist and author
• 1938 – Liv Ullmann, Norwegian actress, director, and screenwriter
• 1939 – Philip Langridge, English tenor (d. 2010)
• 1939 – Gordon Miller, English high jumper
• 1941 – Lesley Stahl, American journalist and actress
• 1941 – Roger Neil Wheeler, English general
• 1942 – Donald Carcieri, American educator and politician, 73rd Governor of Rhode Island
• 1943 – Steven Bochco, American screenwriter and producer
• 1944 – Jeff Kanew, American director and screenwriter
• 1944 – Don Meyer, American basketball player and coach (d. 2014)
• 1945 – Patti Deutsch, American actress and comedian
• 1945 – Tony Hicks, English singer and guitarist
• 1946 – Benny Andersson, Swedish singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer
• 1946 – Charles Dennis, Canadian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1946 – Trevor Pinnock, English harpsichord player and conductor
• 1946 – Tom Stern, American cinematographer
• 1947 – Ben Cross, English actor
• 1947 – Vincent Matthews, American sprinter
• 1947 – Martyn Poliakoff, English chemist and academic
• 1949 – Billy Gibbons, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1949 – Heather Hallett, English lawyer and judge
• 1950 – Claudia Cohen, American journalist (d. 2007)
• 1950 – Roy Schuiten, Dutch cyclist and manager (d. 2006)
• 1951 – Sally Emerson, English author and poet
• 1951 – Mike Flanagan, American baseball player, coach, and sportscaster (d. 2011)
• 1951 – Robben Ford, American guitarist and songwriter
• 1951 – Mark Heard, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 1992)
• 1951 – Aykut Barka, Turkish scientist (d. 2002)
• 1952 – Joel Garner, Barbadian cricketer and manager
• 1952 – Francesco Graziani, Italian footballer and manager
• 1953 – Rebecca Forstadt, American voice actress and screenwriter
• 1955 – Xander Berkeley, American actor and producer
• 1955 – Carol Browner, American lawyer and environmentalist, 8th Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
• 1955 – Prince Lorenz of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este
• 1955 – Chiharu Matsuyama, Japanese singer-songwriter
• 1956 – Lizzy Mercier Descloux, French musician, singer-songwriter, composer, actress, writer and painter (d. 2004)
• 1957 – H. D. Kumaraswamy, Indian social worker and politician, 18th Chief Minister of Karnataka
• 1957 – Antonio Vega, Spanish singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2009)
• 1958 – Bart Oates, American football player and lawyer
• 1959 – Alexander Lebedev, Russian businessman and politician
• 1959 – Steve Mattsson, American author and illustrator
• 1960 – Pat Van Den Hauwe, Belgian footballer and manager
• 1961 – André Andersen, Russian-Danish keyboard player, songwriter, and producer
• 1961 – Shane Black, American actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1961 – Bill Hicks, American comedian and musician (d. 1994)
• 1961 – LaChanze, American actress, singer, and dancer
• 1961 – Jon Tenney, American actor and director
• 1962 – Maruschka Detmers, Dutch-French actress
• 1962 – William Perry, American football player and wrestler
• 1963 – Benjamin Bratt, American actor and producer
• 1963 – Cathy Johnston-Forbes, American golfer
• 1963 – James Mangold, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1964 – Heike Drechsler, German sprinter and long jumper
• 1964 – John Kirwan, New Zealand rugby player and coach
• 1964 – Georgie Parker, Australian actress
• 1964 – Billy Ripken, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1965 – Chris Jones, American baseball player and manager
• 1965 – Melanie Sloan, American lawyer and activist
• 1966 – Paul McGinley, Irish golfer
• 1966 – Clifford Robinson, American basketball player
• 1966 – Dennis Wise, English footballer and manager
• 1967 – Donovan Bailey, Canadian sprinter and sportscaster
• 1967 – Indrek Kaseorg, Estonian decathlete
• 1967 – Miranda Otto, Australian actress
• 1968 – Wendy Doolan, Australian golfer
• 1968 – Lalah Hathaway, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer
• 1968 – Greg Kovacs, Canadian bodybuilder (d. 2013)
• 1969 – Simon Grayson, English footballer and manager
• 1969 – Adam Riess, American astrophysicist, astronomer, and academic Nobel Prize laureate
• 1969 – Michelle Smith, Irish swimmer
• 1969 – Dmitri Tymoczko, American composer and theorist
• 1969 – Craig White, English cricketer and coach
• 1970 – Valerie Chow, Canadian-Hong Kong actress and publicist
• 1971 – Seyhan Kurt, French-Turkish poet and sociologist
• 1971 – Michael McCary, American R&B singer
• 1972 – Charles Gipson, American baseball player
• 1972 – Paul Leyden, Australian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1972 – Travis Morrison, American singer-songwriter
• 1973 – Themba Mnguni, South African footballer
• 1973 – Jason Molina, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2013)
• 1973 – Scott Storch, American songwriter and producer, founded Storch Music Company
• 1975 – Valentin Bădoi, Romanian footballer and manager
• 1975 – Kaba Diawara, French-Guinean footballer
• 1975 – Benjamin Kowalewicz, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1975 – Paul Maynard, English politician
• 1976 – Jen Golbeck, American computer scientist and academic
• 1977 – Éric Bélanger, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1977 – Sylvain Distin, French footballer
• 1978 – John Morris, Canadian curler and firefighter
• 1978 – Gunter Van Handenhoven, Belgian footballer and manager
• 1979 – Luke Harper, American wrestler
• 1979 – Trevor Immelman, South African golfer
• 1979 – Mihai Trăistariu, Romanian singer-songwriter
• 1979 – Jessie Ward, American wrestler and producer
• 1980 – Danish Kaneria, Pakistani cricketer
• 1981 – Gareth Williams, Scottish footballer
• 1982 – Antrel Rolle, American football player
• 1982 – Anna Sedokova, Ukrainian singer, actress and television presenter
• 1982 – Stanislav Šesták, Slovak footballer
• 1983 – Kelenna Azubuike, American basketball player
• 1983 – Frankie Ballard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1984 – Theo James, English actor
• 1985 – Stanislav Manolev, Bulgarian footballer
• 1985 – James Nash, English race car driver
• 1986 – Alcides Escobar, Venezuelan baseball player
• 1986 – Zoltán Kovács, Hungarian footballer (d. 2013)
• 1986 – Pärt Uusberg, Estonian actor, composer, and conductor
• 1987 – Mame Biram Diouf, Senegalese footballer
• 1987 – Beau Dowler, Australian footballer
• 1987 – Hallee Hirsh, American actress
• 1988 – Mats Hummels, German footballer
• 1988 – Edita Janeliunaite, Lithuanian cyclist
• 1988 – Anna Popplewell, English actress
• 1989 – Mirei Kiritani, Japanese model, actress, and journalist
• 1992 – Ulrikke Eikeri, Norwegian tennis player
• 1992 – Anamul Haque, Bangladeshi cricketer
• 1992 – Moe Miura, Japanese model, actress, and singer (9nine)
• 1992 – Pietro Perdichizzi, Belgian footballer
• 1992 – Tom Rogic, Australian footballer
• 1994 – Elliot Lee, English footballer
• 1994 – Nicola Murru, Italian footballer
• 1994 – José Rodríguez Martínez, Spanish footballer
• 1998 – Mira Antonitsch, Austrian tennis player

Deaths[edit]

• 604 – Houzhu, emperor of the Chen Dynasty (b. 553)
• 705 – Wu Zetian, Empress of the Zhou Dynasty (b. 624)
• 714 – Pepin of Herstal, Frankish statesman (b. 635)
• 867 – Eberhard of Friuli, Frankish duke (b. 815)
• 874 – Ado, archbishop of Vienne
• 882 – John VIII, pope of Rome
• 999 – Adelaide of Italy (b. 931)
• 1263 – Haakon IV of Norway (b. 1204)
• 1325 – Charles, Count of Valois (b. 1270)
• 1378 – Secondotto, Marquess of Montferrat (b. 1360)
• 1379 – John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel, English general and politician, Lord Marshall of England (b. 1348)
• 1470 – John II, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1425)
• 1474 – Ali Qushji, Uzbek astronomer, mathematician, and physicist (b. 1403)
• 1515 – Afonso de Albuquerque, Portuguese admiral and politician, 3rd Viceroy of Portuguese India (b. 1453)
• 1598 – Yi Sun-sin, Korean general (b. 1545)
• 1669 – Nathaniel Fiennes, English soldier and politician (b. 1608)
• 1687 – William Petty, English economist and philosopher (b. 1623)
• 1751 – Leopold II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (b. 1700)
• 1765 – Peter Frederick Haldimand, Swiss-Canadian lieutenant and surveyor (b. 1741)
• 1774 – François Quesnay, French economist, physician, and philosopher (b. 1694)
• 1783 – Johann Adolph Hasse, German composer and educator (b. 1699)
• 1783 – Sir William James, 1st Baronet, Welsh-English commander and politician (b. 1720)
• 1805 – Saverio Cassar, Gozitan priest and rebel leader (b. 1746)
• 1809 – Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy, French chemist and entomologist (b. 1755)
• 1859 – Wilhelm Grimm, German anthropologist and author (b. 1786)
• 1892 – Henry Yesler, American businessman and politician, 7th Mayor of Seattle (b. 1810)
• 1897 – Alphonse Daudet, French author, poet, and playwright (b. 1840)
• 1898 – Pavel Tretyakov, Russian businessman and art collector (b. 1832)
• 1908 – American Horse, American tribal leader and educator (b. 1840)
• 1917 – Frank Gotch, American wrestler (b. 1878)
• 1921 – Camille Saint-Saëns, French pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1835)
• 1922 – Gabriel Narutowicz, Lithuanian-Polish engineer and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Poland (b. 1865)
• 1928 – Elinor Wylie, American poet and author (b. 1885)
• 1935 – Thelma Todd, American actress and comedian (b. 1905)
• 1936 – Frank Eugene, American-German photographer and educator (b. 1865)
• 1940 – Billy Hamilton, American baseball player and manager (b. 1866)
• 1943 – George Bambridge, English diplomat (b. 1892)
• 1944 – Betsie ten Boom, Dutch Holocaust victim (b. 1885)
• 1945 – Giovanni Agnelli, Italian businessman, founded the Fiat Automobile Company (b. 1866)
• 1945 – Fumimaro Konoe, Japanese lawyer and politician, 23rd Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1891)
• 1949 – Sidney Olcott, Canadian-American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1873)
• 1952 – Robert Henry Best, American journalist (b. 1896)
• 1956 – Nina Hamnett, Welsh painter and author (b. 1890)
• 1961 – Hans Rebane, Estonian journalist and politician, 8th Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1882)
• 1965 – W. Somerset Maugham, French-English author and playwright (b. 1874)
• 1968 – Futabayama Sadaji, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 35th Yokozuna (b. 1912)
• 1968 – Muhammad Suheimat, Jordanian general and politician (b. 1916)
• 1969 – Alphonse Castex, French rugby union player (b. 1899)
• 1969 – Soe Hok Gie, Indonesian activist and academic (b. 1942)
• 1970 – Oscar Lewis, American anthropologist of Latin America (b. 1914)
• 1974 – Kostas Varnalis, Greek poet and playwright (b. 1884)
• 1976 – Réal Caouette, Canadian journalist and politician (b. 1917)
• 1977 – Risto Jarva, Finnish director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1934)
• 1980 – Colonel Sanders, American businessman, founded KFC (b. 1890)
• 1980 – Hellmuth Walter, German-American engineer (b. 1900)
• 1982 – Colin Chapman, English engineer and businessman, founded Lotus Cars (b. 1928)
• 1983 – Debs Garms, American baseball player (b. 1907)
• 1984 – Karl Deichgräber, German philologist and academic (b. 1903)
• 1985 – Thomas Bilotti, American mobster (b. 1940)
• 1985 – Paul Castellano, American mobster (b. 1915)
• 1989 – Oscar Alfredo Gálvez, Argentinian race car driver (b. 1913)
• 1989 – Silvana Mangano, Italian actress (b. 1930)
• 1989 – Aileen Pringle, American actress (b. 1895)
• 1989 – Lee Van Cleef, American actor (b. 1925)
• 1990 – Douglas Campbell, American lieutenant and pilot (b. 1896)
• 1991 – Eszter Tamási, Hungarian actress and journalist (b. 1938)
• 1993 – Moses Gunn, American actor (b. 1929)
• 1993 – Kakuei Tanaka, Japanese soldier and politician, 64th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1918)
• 1996 – Quentin Bell, English historian and author (b. 1910)
• 1997 – Lillian Disney, American illustrator and philanthropist (b. 1899)
• 1998 – William Gaddis, American author and academic (b. 1922)
• 2001 – Stuart Adamson, English-Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1958)
• 2001 – Stefan Heym, German-American soldier and author (b. 1913)
• 2003 – Robert Stanfield, Canadian economist, lawyer, and politician, 17th Premier of Nova Scotia (b. 1914)
• 2003 – Gary Stewart, American singer-songwriter (b. 1945)
• 2004 – Ted Abernathy, American baseball player (b. 1933)
• 2004 – Deyda Hydara, Gambian journalist, co-founded The Point (b. 1946)
• 2004 – Agnes Martin, American painter and educator (b. 1912)
• 2005 – Kenneth Bulmer, English author (b. 1921)
• 2005 – Ed Hansen, American director and screenwriter (b. 1937)
• 2005 – John Spencer, American actor (b. 1946)
• 2006 – Don Jardine, Canadian wrestler and trainer (b. 1940)
• 2006 – Taliep Petersen, South African singer-songwriter and director (b. 1950)
• 2006 – Pnina Salzman, Israeli pianist and educator (b. 1922)
• 2006 – Stanford J. Shaw, American historian and academic (b. 1930)
• 2007 – Dan Fogelberg, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1951)
• 2009 – Roy E. Disney, American businessman (b. 1930)
• 2009 – Yegor Gaidar, Russian economist and politician, Prime Minister of Russia (b. 1956)
• 2009 – Manto Tshabalala-Msimang, South African physician and politician, 22nd South African Minister of Health (b. 1940)
• 2010 – Melvin E. Biddle, American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1923)
• 2011 – Robert Easton, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1930)
• 2011 – Nicol Williamson, Scottish actor (b. 1938)
• 2012 – Elwood V. Jensen, American biologist and academic (b. 1920)
• 2012 – Jake Adam York, American poet and academic (b. 1972)
• 2013 – James Flint, English commander (b. 1913)
• 2013 – Ray Price, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1926)
• 2013 – Marta Russell, American journalist, author, and activist (b. 1951)
• 2014 – Martin Brasier, English paleontologist, biologist, and academic (b. 1947)
• 2014 – Tim Cochran, American mathematician and academic (b. 1955)
• 2015 – Peter Dickinson, Rhodesian-English author and poet (b. 1927)
• 2015 – George Earl Ortman, American painter and sculptor (b. 1926)

Vanity Fair: Μια φθηνή εκδοχή 

της χλιδής το εστιατόριο του Τραμπ

Μια βιτριολική κριτική σε βάρος ενός εστιατορίου 

ιδιοκτησίας του Ντόναλντ Τραμπ που βρίσκεται στον

ουρανοξύστη Τραμπ και δημοσιεύτηκε στον ιστότοπο του

 περιοδικού Βάνιτι Φαιρ, προκάλεσε το μένος του μεγιστάνα, 

ο οποίος αντέδρασε με δριμύτητα σήμερα στον ιστότοπο

 κοινωνικής δικτύωσης Twitter.

«Το Τραμπ Γκριλ είναι ενδεχομένως το χειρότερο εστιατόριο των ΗΠΑ» έγραψε η

 Τίνα Νγκούγιεν, η οποία δεν είναι κριτικός γαστρονομίας, αλλά πολιτική

 συντάκτρια στο Vanity Fair.
Το εστιατόρια βρίσκεται στο υπόγειο του ουρανοξύστη του Τραμπ και είναι

 πλήρως διακοσμημένο με ιταλικό ροζ μάρμαρο.

Γεμίζει καθημερινά από τουρίστες. Οι τιμές του θεωρούνται προσιτές σε σχέση

 με τη συνοικία που βρίσκεται. Ένα μενού τριών πιάτων, που περιλαμβάνει

 ορεκτικό, κυρίως πιάτο και επιδόρπιο τιμάται 28 δολάρια.

Σε ένα άρθρο που δημοσιεύτηκε χθες, η δημοσιογράφος περιγράφει το γεύμα της, 

μαζί με άλλους συνδαιτημόνες της, ως «μια φθηνή εκδοχή της χλιδής».
Η δημοσιογράφος χλευάζει την σύνθεση του μενού και τα πιάτα που 

προτείνονται, σύμφωνα με την ίδια, στόχος των οποίων είναι «να εντυπωσιάσουν 

τους πελάτες», αναμειγνύοντας πολλές φορές ασυμβίβαστα μεταξύ τους συστατικά.

Η σάλτσα σόγιας συνδυάζεται με το λάδι τρούφας, ενώ το χούμους με τη ρικότα.
Κρέας κακής ποιότητας, παραψημένο, πατάτες τηγανιτές που δεν τρώγονται,

 επιδόρπια που δεν έχουν αποψυχθεί, κοκτέιλ που δεν τα χωρά ο νους.

Η Τίνα Νγκούγιεν ένιωθε πως έτρωγε «τα υπολείμματα του γεύματος ενός

 εύπορου άνδρα».

Ο Ντόναλντ Τραμπ φυσικά δεν άργησε να απαντήσει στο καυστικό άρθρο.
Αν και δεν αναφέρθηκε άμεσα στην κριτική, καταφέρθηκε με σφοδρότητα

 κατά του Vanity Fair με μήνυμά του στον λογαριασμό του στον ιστότοπο 

κοινωνικής δικτύωσης Twitter.

«Είδε άραγε κάποιος τις κακές πωλήσεις του Vanity Fair;» έγραψε.

«Μεγάλη πτώση, μεγάλη ανησυχία, θάνατος! Η (διευθύντρια έκδοσης

 του περιοδικού) Γκρέιντον Κάρτερ δεν έχει κανένα ταλέντο, πρέπει να απολυθεί!».