[edit]

• 474 – Emperor Leo II dies after a reign of ten months. He is succeeded by his father Zeno, who becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire.
• 794 – Japanese Emperor Kanmu changes his residence from Nara to Kyoto.
• 1183 – The Battle of Mizushima.
• 1292 – John Balliol becomes King of Scotland.
• 1405 – Sharif ul-Hāshim establishes the Sultanate of Sulu.
• 1511 – Henry VIII of England concluded the Treaty of Westminster, a pledge of mutual aid against the French, with Ferdinand II of Aragon.
• 1558 – Elizabethan era begins: Queen Mary I of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I of England.
• 1603 – English explorer, writer and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh goes on trial for treason.
• 1777 – Articles of Confederation (United States) are submitted to the states for ratification.
• 1796 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Bridge of Arcole: French forces defeat the Austrians in Italy.
• 1800 – The United States Congress holds its first session in Washington, D.C.
• 1810 – Sweden declares war on its ally the United Kingdom to begin the Anglo-Swedish War, although no fighting ever takes place.
• 1811 – José Miguel Carrera, Chilean founding father, is sworn in as President of the executive Junta of the government of Chile.
• 1820 – Captain Nathaniel Palmer becomes the first American to see Antarctica. (The Palmer Peninsula is later named after him.)
• 1831 – Ecuador and Venezuela are separated from Gran Colombia.
• 1839 – Oberto, Giuseppe Verdi's first opera, opens at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, Italy.
• 1856 – American Old West: On the Sonoita River in present-day southern Arizona, the United States Army establishes Fort Buchanan in order to help control new land acquired in the Gadsden Purchase.
• 1858 – Modified Julian Day zero.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Siege of Knoxville begins: Confederate forces led by General James Longstreet place Knoxville, Tennessee, under siege.
• 1869 – In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated.
• 1871 – The National Rifle Association is granted a charter by the state of New York.
• 1876 – Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's "Slavonic March" is given its premiere performance in Moscow, Russia.
• 1878 – First assassination attempt against Umberto I of Italy by anarchist Giovanni Passannante, who was armed with a dagger. The King survived with a slight wound in an arm. Prime Minister Benedetto Cairoli blocked the aggressor, receiving an injury in a leg.
• 1885 – Serbo-Bulgarian War: The decisive Battle of Slivnitsa begins.
• 1896 – The Western Pennsylvania Hockey League, which later became the first ice hockey league to openly trade and hire players, began play at Pittsburgh's Schenley Park Casino.
• 1903 – The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party splits into two groups: The Bolsheviks (Russian for "majority") and Mensheviks (Russian for "minority").
• 1911 – Omega Psi Phi Fraternity Incorporated, which is the first black Greek-lettered organization founded at an American historically black college or university, was founded on the campus of Howard University in Washington, D.C.
• 1922 – Former Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI goes into exile in Italy.
• 1933 – United States recognizes Soviet Union.
• 1939 – Nine Czech students are executed as a response to anti-Nazi demonstrations prompted by the death of Jan Opletal. In addition, all Czech universities are shut down and over 1200 Czech students sent to concentration camps. Since this event, International Students' Day is celebrated in many countries, especially in the Czech Republic.
• 1947 – The Screen Actors Guild implements an anti-Communist loyalty oath.
• 1947 – American scientists John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain observe the basic principles of the transistor, a key element for the electronics revolution of the 20th century.
• 1950 – Lhamo Dondrub is officially named the 14th Dalai Lama.
• 1953 – The remaining human inhabitants of the Blasket Islands, Kerry, Ireland, are evacuated to the mainland.
• 1957 – Vickers Viscount G-AOHP of British European Airways crashes at Ballerup after the failure of three engines on approach to Copenhagen Airport. The cause is a malfunction of the anti-icing system on the aircraft.
• 1962 – President John F. Kennedy dedicates Washington Dulles International Airport, serving the Washington, D.C., region.
• 1967 – Vietnam War: Acting on optimistic reports that he had been given on November 13, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson tells the nation that, while much remained to be done, "We are inflicting greater losses than we're taking...We are making progress."
• 1968 – Alexandros Panagoulis is condemned to death for attempting to assassinate Greek dictator Georgios Papadopoulos.
• 1968 – British European Airways introduces the BAC One-Eleven into commercial service.
• 1968 – Viewers of the Raiders–Jets football game in the eastern United States are denied the opportunity to watch its exciting finish when NBC broadcasts Heidi instead, prompting changes to sports broadcasting in the U.S.
• 1969 – Cold War: Negotiators from the Soviet Union and the United States meet in Helsinki, Finland to begin SALT I negotiations aimed at limiting the number of strategic weapons on both sides.
• 1970 – Vietnam War: Lieutenant William Calley goes on trial for the My Lai Massacre.
• 1970 – Luna programme: The Soviet Union lands Lunokhod 1 on Mare Imbrium (Sea of Rains) on the Moon. This is the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world and is released by the orbiting Luna 17 spacecraft.
• 1973 – Watergate scandal: In Orlando, Florida, U.S. President Richard Nixon tells 400 Associated Press managing editors "I am not a crook."
• 1973 – The Athens Polytechnic uprising against the military regime ends in a bloodshed in the Greek capital.
• 1979 – Brisbane Suburban Railway Electrification. The first stage from Ferny Grove to Darra is commissioned.
• 1982 – Duk Koo Kim dies from injuries sustained during a 14-round match against Ray Mancini in Las Vegas, prompting reforms in the sport of boxing.
• 1983 – The Zapatista Army of National Liberation is founded in Mexico.
• 1988 – The National Revival Day: In Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, a demonstration starts against the Soviets, the perceived ignorance of the inflaming tension around Nagorno-Karabakh. The demonstration forcibly dispersed 17 days later would become the largest of its kind held in the USSR
• 1989 – Cold War: Velvet Revolution begins: In Czechoslovakia, a student demonstration in Prague is quelled by riot police. This sparks an uprising aimed at overthrowing the communist government (it succeeds on December 29).
• 1990 – Fugendake, part of the Mount Unzen volcanic complex, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, becomes active again and erupts.
• 1993 – United States House of Representatives passes resolution to establish the North American Free Trade Agreement after greater authority in trade negotiations was granted to President George Bush in 1991.
• 1993 – In Nigeria, General Sani Abacha ousts the government of Ernest Shonekan in a military coup.
• 1997 – In Luxor, Egypt, 62 people are killed by six Islamic militants outside the Temple of Hatshepsut, known as Luxor massacre (The police then kill the assailants).
• 2000 – A catastrophic landslide in Log pod Mangartom, Slovenia, kills seven, and causes millions of SIT of damage. It is one of the worst catastrophes in Slovenia in the past 100 years.
• 2000 – Alberto Fujimori is removed from office as president of Peru.
• 2012 – At least 50 schoolchildren are killed in an accident at a railway crossing near Manfalut, Egypt.
• 2013 – Fifty people are killed when Tatarstan Airlines Flight 363 crashes at Kazan Airport, Russia.
• 2013 – A rare late-season tornado outbreak strikes the Midwest. Illinois and Indiana are most affected with tornado reports as far north as lower Michigan. In all around six dozen tornadoes touch down in approximately an 11-hour time period, including seven EF3 and two EF4 tornadoes.

Births[edit]

• 9 – Vespasian, Roman emperor (d. 79)
• 1503 – Bronzino, Italian painter (d. 1572)
• 1576 – Roque González de Santa Cruz, Paraguayan missionary and saint (d. 1628)
• 1587 – Joost van den Vondel, Dutch poet and playwright (d. 1679)
• 1612 – Dorgon, Manchu son of Nurhaci (d. 1650)
• 1681 – Pierre François le Courayer, French theologian and author (d. 1776)
• 1685 – Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye, Canadian commander and explorer (d. 1749)
• 1729 – Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain (d. 1785)
• 1749 – Nicolas Appert, French chef, invented canning (d. 1841)
• 1753 – Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg, American clergyman and botanist (d. 1815)
• 1755 – Louis XVIII of France (d. 1824)
• 1765 – Jacques MacDonald, French general (d. 1840)
• 1769 – Duchess Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1818)
• 1790 – August Ferdinand Möbius, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1868)
• 1793 – Charles Lock Eastlake, English painter, historian, and academic (d. 1865)
• 1816 – August Wilhelm Ambros, Austrian composer and historian (d. 1876)
• 1827 – Petko Slaveykov, Bulgarian journalist and poet (d. 1895)
• 1835 – Andrew L. Harris, American general and politician, 44th Governor of Ohio (d. 1915)
• 1854 – Hubert Lyautey, French general and politician, French Minister of War (d. 1934)
• 1857 – Joseph Babinski, French neurologist and academic (d. 1932)
• 1866 – Voltairine de Cleyre, American author and activist (d. 1912)
• 1868 – Korbinian Brodmann, German neurologist and academic (d. 1918)
• 1877 – Frank Calder, English-Canadian journalist and businessman (d. 1943)
• 1878 – Grace Abbott, American social worker (d. 1939)
• 1878 – Augustus Goessling, American swimmer and water polo player (d. 1963)
• 1886 – Walter Terence Stace, English-American philosopher, academic, and civil servant (d. 1967)
• 1887 – Bernard Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, English field marshal (d. 1976)
• 1895 – Mikhail Bakhtin, Russian philosopher and critic (d. 1975)
• 1895 – Gregorio López, Mexican journalist, author, and poet (d. 1966)
• 1896 – Lev Vygotsky, Belarusian-Russian psychologist and philosopher (d. 1934)
• 1897 – Frank Fay, American actor, singer, and screenwriter (d. 1961)
• 1899 – Douglas Shearer, Canadian-American engineer (d. 1971)
• 1901 – Walter Hallstein, German academic and politician, 1st President of the European Commission (d. 1982)
• 1901 – Lee Strasberg, Ukrainian-American actor and director (d. 1982)
• 1902 – Eugene Wigner, Hungarian physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
• 1904 – Isamu Noguchi, American sculptor and architect (d. 1988)
• 1905 – Mischa Auer, Russian-American actor and singer (d. 1967)
• 1905 – Astrid of Sweden (d. 1935)
• 1906 – Soichiro Honda, Japanese engineer and businessman, co-founded the Honda Motor Company (d. 1991)
• 1906 – Rollie Stiles, American baseball player (d. 2007)
• 1907 – Israel Regardie, English occultist and author (d. 1985)
• 1911 – Christian Fouchet, French politician, French Minister of the Interior (d. 1974)
• 1916 – Shelby Foote, American historian and author (d. 2005)
• 1919 – Kim Heungsou, North Korean painter (d. 2014)
• 1920 – Camillo Felgen, Luxembourgian singer-songwriter (d. 2005)
• 1920 – Gemini Ganesan, Indian actor and director (d. 2002)
• 1921 – Albert Bertelsen, Danish painter and illustrator
• 1922 – Stanley Cohen, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1923 – Hubertus Brandenburg, Swedish bishop (d. 2009)
• 1923 – Mike Garcia, American baseball player (d. 1986)
• 1923 – Aristides Pereira, Cape Verdean politician, 1st President of Cape Verde (d. 2011)
• 1923 – Bert Sutcliffe, New Zealand cricketer and coach (d. 2001)
• 1925 – Jean Faut, American baseball player and bowler
• 1925 – Rock Hudson, American actor and singer (d. 1985)
• 1925 – Charles Mackerras,American-Australian oboe player conductor (d. 2010)
• 1926 – Robert Brown, American actor
• 1927 – Robert Drasnin, American clarinet player and composer (d. 2015)
• 1927 – Nicholas Taylor, Geologist, businessman and politician
• 1927 – Fenella Fielding, English actress
• 1928 – Arman, French-American painter and sculptor (d. 2005)
• 1928 – Rance Howard, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1929 – Gorō Naya, Japanese actor and director (d. 2013)
• 1929 – Norm Zauchin, American baseball player (d. 1999)
• 1930 – Bob Mathias, American decathlete, actor, and politician (d. 2006)
• 1932 – Jeremy Black, English admiral
• 1933 – Dan Osinski, American baseball player (d. 2013)
• 1933 – Orlando Peña, Cuban-American baseball player and scout
• 1934 – Jim Inhofe, American soldier and politician, 32nd Mayor of Tulsa
• 1934 – Anthony King, Canadian-English psephologist and academic
• 1934 – Terry Rand, American basketball player (d. 2014)
• 1935 – Bobby Joe Conrad, American football player
• 1935 – Toni Sailer, Austrian skier and actor (d. 2009)
• 1936 – Crispian Hollis, English bishop
• 1936 – Hisashi Igawa, Japanese actor
• 1937 – Peter Cook, English comedian, actor, and screenwriter (d. 1995)
• 1938 – Charles Guthrie, Baron Guthrie of Craigiebank, Scottish general
• 1938 – Gordon Lightfoot, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1939 – Auberon Waugh, English journalist and author (d. 2001)
• 1940 – Luke Kelly, Irish singer and banjo player (The Dubliners) (d. 1984)
• 1940 – Aşık Mahzuni Şerif, Turkish composer, author, and poet (d. 2002)
• 1942 – Partha Dasgupta, Bangladeshi economist and academic
• 1942 – Bob Gaudio, American singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer (The Four Seasons)
• 1942 – Kang Kek Iew, Cambodian criminal
• 1942 – Lesley Rees, English endocrinologist and academic
• 1942 – István Rosztóczy, Hungarian-Japanese microbiologist and physician (d. 1993)
• 1942 – Martin Scorsese, American director, producer, screenwriter, and actor
• 1943 – Lauren Hutton, American actress and producer
• 1944 – Jim Boeheim, American basketball player and coach
• 1944 – Malcolm Bruce, English-Scottish journalist, academic, and politician
• 1944 – Gene Clark, American singer-songwriter (The Byrds, The New Christy Minstrels, and Dillard & Clark) (d. 1991)
• 1944 – Danny DeVito, American actor, director, and producer
• 1944 – Rem Koolhaas, Dutch architect, designed the Seattle Central Library
• 1944 – Lorne Michaels, Canadian-American screenwriter and producer, created Saturday Night Live
• 1944 – Tom Seaver, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1945 – Lesley Abdela, English journalist and activist
• 1945 – Jeremy Hanley, English accountant and politician, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs of the United Kingdom
• 1945 – Elvin Hayes, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1945 – Roland Joffé, English-French director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1946 – Martin Barre, English guitarist and songwriter (Jethro Tull)
• 1946 – Terry Branstad, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 39th Governor of Iowa
• 1946 – Petra Burka, Dutch-Canadian figure skater and coach
• 1947 – Robert "Stewkey" Antoni, American singer and keyboard player (Nazz and Fuse)
• 1947 – Steven E. de Souza, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1947 – Inky Mark, Chinese-Canadian educator and politician
• 1948 – Howard Dean, American physician and politician, 79th Governor of Vermont
• 1948 – East Bay Ray, American guitarist (Dead Kennedys)
• 1949 – John Boehner, American businessman and politician, 61st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
• 1949 – Nguyễn Tấn Dũng, Vietnamese soldier and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Vietnam
• 1950 – Tom Walkinshaw, Scottish race car driver, founded Tom Walkinshaw Racing (d. 2010)
• 1951 – Butch Davis, American football player and coach
• 1951 – Werner Hoyer, German economist and politician
• 1951 – Dean Paul Martin, American singer, actor, and tennis player (Dino, Desi & Billy) (d. 1987)
• 1951 – Stephen Root, American actor
• 1951 – Jack Vettriano, Scottish painter
• 1952 – David Emanuel, Welsh fashion designer
• 1952 – Ties Kruize, Dutch field hockey player
• 1952 – Cyril Ramaphosa, South African businessman and politician, 7th Deputy President of South Africa
• 1953 – Babis Tennes, Greek footballer and manager
• 1954 – Chopper Read, Australian criminal and author (d. 2013)
• 1954 – Kevin James, American porn actor (d. 1990)
• 1955 – Yolanda King, American actress and activist (d. 2007)
• 1955 – Dennis Maruk, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1955 – Dan Schnurrenberger, American canoe racer
• 1956 – Graham Jones, English psychologist and author
• 1956 – Jim McGovern, Scottish politician
• 1957 – Debbie Thrower, English journalist
• 1958 – Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio, American actress and singer
• 1959 – Terry Fenwick, English footballer and manager
• 1959 – William R. Moses, American actor and producer
• 1959 – Jaanus Tamkivi, Estonian politician
• 1960 – RuPaul, American drag queen performer, actor, and singer
• 1960 – Michael Hertwig, German footballer and manager
• 1960 – Jonathan Ross, English actor and talk show host
• 1960 – Mandy Yachad, South African cricketer and field hockey player
• 1961 – Robert Stethem, American soldier (d. 1985)
• 1961 – Pat Toomey, American businessman and politician
• 1962 – Dédé Fortin, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (Les Colocs) (d. 2000)
• 1963 – Randy Black, Canadian drummer (Annihilator and Primal Fear)
• 1964 – Ralph Garman, American actor and radio host
• 1964 – Susan Rice, American academic and politician, 24th United States National Security Advisor
• 1964 – Mitch Williams, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1965 – Amanda Brown, Australian violinist and composer (The Go-Betweens)
• 1966 – Alvin Patrimonio, Filipino basketball player
• 1966 – Ben Allison, American bassist and composer
• 1966 – Jeff Buckley, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Gods and Monsters) (d. 1997)
• 1966 – Kate Ceberano, Australian singer-songwriter and actress (I'm Talking)
• 1966 – Richard Fortus, American guitarist (Guns N' Roses and Love Spit Love)
• 1966 – Daisy Fuentes, Cuban-American model and actress
• 1966 – Sophie Marceau, French actress, director, and screenwriter
• 1967 – Tab Benoit, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1967 – Ronnie DeVoe, American singer, producer, and actor (New Edition and Bell Biv DeVoe)
• 1968 – True, American filmmaker
• 1968 – Sean Miller, American basketball player and coach
• 1969 – Ryōtarō Okiayu, Japanese voice actor
• 1969 – Jean-Michel Saive, Belgian table tennis player
• 1969 – Rebecca Walker, American author
• 1970 – Paul Allender, English guitarist and songwriter (Cradle of Filth and The Blood Divine)
• 1970 – Wendy Piatt, English businesswoman
• 1972 – Kimya Dawson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Moldy Peaches)
• 1972 – Joanne Goode, English badminton player
• 1972 – Lorraine Pascale, English model and chef
• 1972 – Leonard Roberts, American actor
• 1973 – Andreas Hedlund, Swedish singer-songwriter and producer (Vintersorg, Borknagar, Cronian, Fission, Waterclime, and Otyg)
• 1973 – Eli Marrero, Cuban-American baseball player, coach, and manager
• 1973 – Bernd Schneider, German footballer
• 1973 – Alexei Urmanov, Russian figure skater and coach
• 1973 – Leslie Bibb, American actress and producer
• 1974 – Eunice Barber, Sierra Leonean-French heptathlete and long jumper
• 1974 – Berto Romero, Spanish comedian and actor
• 1975 – Kinga Baranowska, Polish mountaineer
• 1975 – Roland de Marigny, South African-Italian rugby player
• 1975 – Lord Infamous, American rapper (Three 6 Mafia) (d. 2013)
• 1975 – Jerome James, American basketball player
• 1976 – Jacqueline Aguilera, Venezuelan model, Miss World 1995
• 1976 – Brandon Call, American actor
• 1976 – Diane Neal, American actress
• 1977 – Ryk Neethling, South African swimmer
• 1977 – Paul Shepherd, English footballer
• 1978 – Glen Air, Australian rugby player
• 1978 – Zoë Bell, New Zealand actress and stuntwoman
• 1978 – Rachel McAdams, Canadian actress
• 1978 – Reggie Wayne, American football player
• 1979 – Matthew Spring, English footballer
• 1980 – Jay Bradley, American wrestler
• 1980 – Isaac Hanson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Hanson)
• 1980 – Israel Idonije, Nigerian-Canadian football player
• 1980 – Mercedes Martinez, American wrestler
• 1981 – Sarah Harding, English singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress (Girls Aloud)
• 1982 – Lucy Durack, Australian actress and singer
• 1982 – Katie Feenstra-Mattera, American basketball player
• 1982 – Otacílio Mariano Neto, Brazilian footballer
• 1982 – Yusuf Pathan, Indian cricketer
• 1982 – Hollie Smith, New Zealand singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1983 – Viva Bianca, Australian actress, producer, and screenwriter
• 1983 – Ioannis Bourousis, Greek basketball player
• 1983 – Ryan Bradley, American figure skater
• 1983 – Ryan Braun, American baseball player
• 1983 – Trevor Crowe, American baseball player
• 1983 – Harry Lloyd, English actor
• 1983 – Nick Markakis, American baseball player
• 1983 – Scott Moore, American baseball player
• 1983 – Christopher Paolini, American author
• 1984 – Amanda Evora, American figure skater
• 1984 – Park Han-byul, South Korean actress
• 1985 – Panbanisha, American bonobo (d. 2012)
• 1985 – Sékou Camara, Malian footballer (d. 2013)
• 1985 – Carolina Neurath Swedish journalist
• 1985 – Bea Saw, Filipino-Chinese actress
• 1986 – Nani, Portuguese footballer
• 1986 – Luis Aguiar, Uruguayan footballer
• 1986 – Fabio Concas, Italian footballer
• 1986 – Everth Cabrera, Nicaraguan baseball player
• 1986 – Greg Rutherford, English long jumper
• 1986 – Alexis Vastine, French boxer (d. 2015)
• 1987 – Craig Noone, English footballer
• 1987 – Gemma Spofforth, English swimmer
• 1988 – Eric Nam, American-South Korean singer
• 1989 – Ryan Griffin, American football player
• 1990 – Doriemus, New Zealand race horse (d. 2015)
• 1993 – Taylor Gold, American snowboarder
• 1994 – Emmanuelle Vera, Filipino actress, host, and singer
• 1994 – Raquel Castro, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1994 – Ruby Jane Smith, American singer-songwriter and fiddler
• 1999 – Julia Buencamino, Filipino actress (d. 2015)
• 2005 – Giant George, American dog (d. 2013)

Deaths[edit]

• 344 – Emperor Kang of Jin (b. 322)
• 375 – Valentinian I, Roman emperor (b. 321)
• 474 – Leo II, Byzantine emperor (b. 467)
• 594 – Gregory of Tours, Roman bishop and saint (b. 538)
• 641 – Emperor Jomei of Japan (b. 593)
• 885 – Liutgard of Saxony (b. 845)
• 1104 – Nikephoros Melissenos, Byzantine general (b. 1045)
• 1231 – Elizabeth of Hungary (b. 1207)
• 1326 – Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel, English politician (b. 1285)
• 1492 – Jami, Persian poet and saint (b. 1414)
• 1494 – Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Italian philosopher and author (b. 1463)
• 1558 – Mary I of England (b. 1516)
• 1558 – Reginald Pole, English cardinal (b. 1500)
• 1562 – Antoine of Navarre (b. 1518)
• 1592 – John III of Sweden (b. 1537)
• 1600 – Kuki Yoshitaka, Japanese commander (b. 1542)
• 1632 – Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim, Bavarian field marshal (b. 1594)
• 1643 – Jean-Baptiste Budes, Comte de Guébriant, French general (b. 1602)
• 1648 – Thomas Ford, English viol player, composer, and poet (b. 1580)
• 1665 – John Earle, English bishop (b. 1601)
• 1668 – Joseph Alleine, English pastor and author (b. 1634)
• 1690 – Charles de Sainte-Maure, duc de Montausier, French general and politician (b. 1610)
• 1708 – Ludolf Bakhuizen, German-Dutch painter (b. 1631)
• 1713 – Abraham van Riebeeck, South African-Indonesian merchant and politician, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1653)
• 1747 – Alain-René Lesage, French author and playwright (b. 1668)
• 1768 – Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, English politician, Prime Minister of Great Britain (b. 1693)
• 1776 – James Ferguson, Scottish astronomer and instrument maker (b. 1710)
• 1780 – Bernardo Bellotto, Italian painter and illustrator (b. 1720)
• 1796 – Catherine the Great, Russian wife of Peter III of Russia (b. 1729)
• 1808 – David Zeisberger, Czech-American clergyman and missionary (b. 1721)
• 1818 – Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1744)
• 1835 – Carle Vernet, French painter (b. 1758)
• 1849 – Prince Alexander of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (b. 1794)
• 1858 – Robert Owen, Welsh theorist and activist (b. 1771)
• 1865 – James McCune Smith, American physician and author (b. 1813)
• 1897 – George Hendric Houghton, American clergyman and theologian (b. 1820)
• 1902 – Hugh Price Hughes, Welsh theologian and educator (b. 1847)
• 1905 – Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, (b. 1817)
• 1910 – Ralph Johnstone, American pilot (b. 1886)
• 1917 – Auguste Rodin, French sculptor and illustrator (b. 1840)
• 1922 – Robert Comtesse, Swiss politician, 29th President of the Swiss Confederation (b. 1847)
• 1923 – Eduard Bornhöhe, Estonian writer (b. 1862)
• 1924 – Gregory VII of Constantinople (b. 1850)
• 1928 – Lala Lajpat Rai, Indian author and politician (b. 1865)
• 1929 – Herman Hollerith, American statistician and businessman (b. 1860)
• 1932 – Charles W. Chesnutt, American lawyer, author, and activist (b. 1858)
• 1936 – Ernestine Schumann-Heink, German-American singer (b. 1861)
• 1937 – Jack Worrall, Australian footballer, cricketer, and coach (b. 1860)
• 1938 – Ante Trumbić, Croatian lawyer and politician, 20th Mayor of Split (b. 1864)
• 1940 – Eric Gill, English sculptor and typeface designer (b. 1882)
• 1940 – Robert Lane, Canadian soccer player (b. 1882)
• 1940 – Raymond Pearl, American biologist and academic (b. 1879)
• 1947 – Victor Serge, Russian historian and author (b. 1890)
• 1954 – Yitzhak Lamdan, Russian-Israeli poet and journalist (b. 1899)
• 1955 – James P. Johnson, American pianist and composer (b. 1894)
• 1958 – Mort Cooper, American baseball player (b. 1913)
• 1959 – Heitor Villa-Lobos, Brazilian guitarist and composer (b. 1887)
• 1968 – Mervyn Peake, English poet, author, and illustrator (b. 1911)
• 1971 – Debaki Bose, Indian actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1898)
• 1971 – Gladys Cooper, English actress (b. 1888)
• 1973 – Mirra Alfassa, French-Indian spiritual leader (b. 1878)
• 1976 – Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani, Bangladeshi politician (b. 1880)
• 1979 – John Glascock, English singer and bass player (Jethro Tull, The Gods, Toe Fat, Carmen, and Chicken Shack) (b. 1951)
• 1982 – Eduard Tubin, Estonian composer and conductor (b. 1905)
• 1986 – Georges Besse, French businessman (b. 1927)
• 1987 – Paul Derringer, American baseball player (b. 1906)
• 1988 – Sheilah Graham Westbrook, English-American actress, author, and journalist (b. 1904)
• 1989 – Costabile Farace, American criminal (b. 1960)
• 1990 – Robert Hofstadter, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915)
• 1992 – Audre Lorde, Caribbean-American author, poet, and activist (b. 1934)
• 1993 – Gérard D. Levesque, Canadian lawyer and politician, 5th Deputy Premier of Quebec (b. 1926)
• 1995 – Alan Hull, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Lindisfarne) (b. 1945)
• 1998 – Kea Bouman, Dutch tennis player (b. 1903)
• 1998 – Reinette L'Oranaise, Arab-Jewish singer of Arab-Andalus music (b. 1918)
• 1998 – Dick O'Neill, American actor (b. 1928)
• 1998 – Esther Rolle, American actress (b. 1920)
• 2000 – Louis Néel, French physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1904)
• 2001 – Michael Karoli, German guitarist and songwriter (Can) (b. 1948)
• 2001 – Harrison A. Williams, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician (b. 1919)
• 2002 – Abba Eban, South African-Israeli soldier and politician, 3rd Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1915)
• 2002 – Frank McCarthy, American painter and illustrator (b. 1924)
• 2003 – Surjit Bindrakhia, Indian singer (b. 1962)
• 2003 – Arthur Conley, American-Dutch singer-songwriter (b. 1946)
• 2003 – Don Gibson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1928)
• 2004 – Mikael Ljungberg, Swedish wrestler and manager (b. 1970)
• 2004 – Alexander Ragulin, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1941)
• 2005 – Marek Perepeczko, Polish actor and director (b. 1942)
• 2006 – Ruth Brown, American singer-songwriter and actress (b. 1928)
• 2006 – Ferenc Puskás, Hungarian footballer and manager (b. 1927)
• 2006 – Flo Sandon's, Italian singer (b. 1924)
• 2006 – Bo Schembechler, American football player and coach (b. 1929)
• 2007 – Aarne Hermlin, Estonian chess player (b. 1940)
• 2008 – George Stephen Morrison, American admiral (b. 1919)
• 2008 – Pete Newell, American basketball player and coach (b. 1915)
• 2011 – Kurt Budke, American basketball player and coach (b. 1961)
• 2012 – Ponty Chadha, Indian businessman (b. 1957)
• 2012 – Armand Desmet, Belgian cyclist (b. 1931)
• 2012 – Lea Gottlieb, Hungarian-Israeli fashion designer, founded the Gottex Company (b. 1918)
• 2012 – Freddy Schmidt, American baseball player (b. 1916)
• 2012 – Billy Scott, American singer-songwriter (b. 1942)
• 2012 – Bal Thackeray, Indian cartoonist and politician (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Margaret Yorke, English author (b. 1924)
• 2013 – Zeke Bella, American baseball player (b. 1930)
• 2013 – Alfred Blake, English colonel and lawyer (b. 1915)
• 2013 – Syd Field, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1935)
• 2013 – Doris Lessing, English novelist, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1919)
• 2013 – Alex Marques, Portuguese footballer (b. 1993)
• 2013 – Mary Nesbitt Wisham, American baseball player (b. 1925)
• 2014 – John T. Downey, American CIA agent and judge (b. 1930)
• 2014 – Bill Frenzel, American lieutenant and politician (b. 1928)
• 2014 – Rokurō Naya, Japanese voice actor (b. 1932)
• 2014 – Jimmy Ruffin, American singer (b. 1936)
• 2014 – Ray Sadecki, American baseball player (b. 1940)
• 2014 – Patrick Suppes, American psychologist and philosopher (b. 1922)E

Μεγάλος σεισμός 6,1 Ρίχτερ στη Λευκάδα 

Μεγάλος σεισμός της τάξης των 6,1 βαθμών της κλίμακας Ρίχτερ,

 ταρακούνησε στις 9:10 ακριβώς τη Λευκάδα. 

Σύμφωνα με το Γεωδυναμικό Ινστιτούτο ο σεισμός είχε εστιακό του βάθος 5χλμ.

Ο σεισμός έγινε ιδιαίτερα αισθητός σε όλη τη βόρεια Πελοπόννησο, αλλά και όλα τα

 νησιά του Ιονίου. 

Πληροφορίες αναφέρουν ότι στην πόλη της Λευκάδας δεν υπάρχουν ζημιές, ωστόσο, 

οι κάτοικοι είναι ιδιαίτερα φοβισμένοι καθώς ο σεισμός ήταν ιδιαίτερα δυνατός.

 Είναι χαρακτηριστικό ότι κάτοικος του νησιού, ο οποίος την ώρα του σεισμού βρισκόταν

 στο χωράφι του, 

 είπε πώς ήταν τόσο δυνατός πού πίστευε ότι θα ανοίξει η γη στα δύο. 

Σύμφωνα πάντως με το Ευρω-Μεσογειακό Σεισμολογικό Κέντρο EMSC ο σεισμός 

ήταν 5,6 Ρίχτερ.

ΝΑΝΑ ΜΟΥΣΧΟΥΡΗ ΣΤΟ MEΓΑΡΟ ΜΟΥΣΙΚΗΣ

Πόσο βάθος έχουν οι ωκεανοί και οι θάλασσες -Αναλυτικός πίνακας 

Μία από τις απορίες που έχει ένας ταξιδιώτης μόλις μπει σε ένα

 πλοίο ή σε ένα σκάφος είναι πόσο βάθος έχει η θάλασσα εδώ.

Κάποιοι μάλιστα αναρωτιούνται ποια είναι η πιο βαθιά θάλασσα ή ποια σημεία των

 ωκεανών είναι τα βαθύτερα.

Ολες αυτές οι απορίες λύνονται με τον πίνακα από e-nautilia και παρουσιάζει αναλυτικά 

όλες τις πληροφορίες για τις θάλασσες και τους ωκεανούς.

Το βαθύτερο σημείο βρίσκεται στον Ειρηνικό Ωκεανό και είναι 11.033 μέτρα και 

βρίσκεται στην τάφρο Mariana, κοντά στα νησιά Mariana στην Ιαπωνία.

Το πιο βαθύ σημείο της τάφρου αυτής (κοντά στη νήσο Γκουάμ, με βάθος 11.033 

μέτρα – δύο περίπου χιλιόμετρα βαθύτερη από το ύψος του Έβερεστ) εντοπίσθηκε

 το 1951 από το βρετανικό ερευνητικό σκάφος Challenger II, που έδωσε και την 

ονομασία του στο σημείο, “The Challenger Deep”.Ωστόσο πιστεύεται πως υπάρχουν 

και άλλα βαθύτερα σημεία, καθώς μόνο το 10% των ωκεανών έχει χαρτογραφηθεί.

Το βάθος και το φως στην τάφρο Mariana

• 284 – Diocletian is chosen as Roman emperor.
• 762 – During the An Shi Rebellion, the Tang dynasty, with the help of Huihe tribe, recaptures Luoyang from the rebels.
• 1194 – Palermo is conquered by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1407 – A truce between John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy and Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans is agreed upon under the auspices of John, Duke of Berry. Orléans would be assassinated three days later by Burgundy.
• 1695 – Zumbi, the last of the leaders of Quilombo dos Palmares in early Brazil, is executed by the forces of Portuguese bandeirante Domingos Jorge Velho.
• 1739 – Start of the Battle of Porto Bello between British and Spanish forces during the War of Jenkins' Ear.
• 1776 – American Revolutionary War: British forces land at the Palisades and then attack Fort Lee. The Continental Army starts to retreat across New Jersey.
• 1789 – New Jersey becomes the first U.S. state to ratify the Bill of Rights.
• 1805 – Beethoven's only opera, Fidelio premieres in Vienna.
• 1820 – An 80-ton sperm whale attacks the Essex (a whaling ship from Nantucket, Massachusetts) 2,000 miles from the western coast of South America. (Herman Melville's 1851 novel Moby-Dick is in part inspired by this story.)
• 1845 – Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata: Battle of Vuelta de Obligado.
• 1861 – American Civil War: A secession ordinance is filed by Kentucky's Confederate government.
• 1910 – Mexican Revolution: Francisco I. Madero issues the Plan de San Luis Potosí, denouncing Mexican President Porfirio Díaz, calling for a revolution to overthrow the government of Mexico, effectively starting the Mexican Revolution.
• 1917 – World War I: Battle of Cambrai begins: British forces make early progress in an attack on German positions but are later pushed back.
• 1917 – Ukraine is declared a republic.
• 1936 – José Antonio Primo de Rivera, founder of the Falange, is killed by a republican execution squad.
• 1940 – World War II: Hungary becomes a signatory of the Tripartite Pact, officially joining the Axis powers.
• 1943 – World War II: Battle of Tarawa (Operation Galvanic) begins: United States Marines land on Tarawa Atoll in the Gilbert Islands and suffer heavy fire from Japanese shore guns and machine guns.
• 1945 – Nuremberg trials: Trials against 24 Nazi war criminals start at the Palace of Justice at Nuremberg.
• 1947 – The Princess Elizabeth marries Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten, who becomes the Duke of Edinburgh, at Westminster Abbey in London.
• 1952 – Slánský trials: A series of Stalinist and anti-Semitic show trials in Czechoslovakia.
• 1959 – United Nations General Assembly adopts the Declaration of the Rights of the Child; annual anniversary observed as Universal Children's Day.
• 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis ends: In response to the Soviet Union agreeing to remove its missiles from Cuba, U.S. President John F. Kennedy ends the quarantine of the Caribbean nation.
• 1968 – A total of 78 miners are killed in an explosion at the Consolidated Coal Company’s No. 9 mine in Farmington, West Virginia in the Farmington Mine disaster
• 1969 – Vietnam War: The Plain Dealer publishes explicit photographs of dead villagers from the My Lai Massacre in Vietnam.
• 1969 – Occupation of Alcatraz: Native American activists seize control of Alcatraz Island until being ousted by the U.S. Government on June 11, 1971.
• 1974 – The United States Department of Justice files its final anti-trust suit against AT&T Corporation. This suit later leads to the breakup of AT&T and its Bell System.
• 1977 – Egyptian President Anwar Sadat becomes the first Arab leader to officially visit Israel, when he meets Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin and speaks before the Knesset in Jerusalem, seeking a permanent peace settlement.
• 1979 – Grand Mosque Seizure: About 200 Sunni Muslims revolt in Saudi Arabia at the site of the Kaaba in Mecca during the pilgrimage and take about 6000 hostages. The Saudi government receives help from Pakistani special forces to put down the uprising.
• 1980 – Lake Peigneur drains into an underlying salt deposit. A misplaced Texaco oil probe had been drilled into the Diamond Crystal Salt Mine, causing water to flow down into the mine, eroding the edges of the hole.
• 1982 – The General Union of Ecuadorian Workers (UGTE) is founded.
• 1985 – Microsoft Windows 1.0 is released.
• 1989 – Velvet Revolution: The number of protesters assembled in Prague, Czechoslovakia swells from 200,000 the day before to an estimated half-million.
• 1991 – An Azerbaijani MI-8 helicopter carrying 19 peacekeeping mission team with officials and journalists from Russia, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan is shot down by Armenian military forces in Khojavend District of Azerbaijan.
• 1992 – In England, a fire breaks out in Windsor Castle, badly damaging the castle and causing over £50 million worth of damage.
• 1993 – Savings and loan crisis: The United States Senate Ethics Committee issues a stern censure of California senator Alan Cranston for his "dealings" with savings-and-loan executive Charles Keating.
• 1994 – The Angolan government and UNITA rebels sign the Lusaka Protocol in Zambia, ending 19 years of civil war. (Localized fighting resumes the next year.)
• 1998 – A court in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan declares accused terrorist Osama bin Laden "a man without a sin" in regard to the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania.
• 1998 – The first module of the International Space Station, Zarya, is launched.
• 2001 – In Washington, D.C., U.S. President George W. Bush dedicates the United States Department of Justice headquarters building as the Robert F. Kennedy Justice Building, honoring the late Robert F. Kennedy on what would have been his 76th birthday.
• 2003 – After the November 15 bombings, a second day of the 2003 Istanbul bombings occurs in Istanbul, Turkey, destroying the Turkish head office of HSBC Bank AS and the British consulate.
• 2008 – After critical failures in the US financial system began to build up after mid-September, the Dow Jones Industrial Average reaches its lowest level since 1997.

Births[edit]

• 270 – Maximinus II, Roman emperor (d. 313)
• 1602 – Otto von Guericke, German physicist and politician (d. 1686)
• 1620 – Avvakum, Russian priest and saint (d. 1682)
• 1625 – Paulus Potter, Dutch painter (d. 1654)
• 1660 – Daniel Ernst Jablonski, Czech-German theologian and reformer (d. 1741)
• 1750 – Tipu Sultan, Indian ruler (d. 1799)
• 1761 – Pope Pius VIII (d. 1830)
• 1765 – Thomas Fremantle, English admiral and politician (d. 1819)
• 1781 – Karl Friedrich Eichhorn, German captain and jurist (d. 1854)
• 1813 – Franc Miklošič, Slovenian linguist and philologist (d. 1891)
• 1839 – Christian Wilberg, German painter and illustrator (d. 1882)
• 1841 – Victor D'Hondt, Belgian mathematician, lawyer, and jurist (d. 1901)
• 1841 – Wilfrid Laurier, Canadian lawyer and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1919)
• 1849 – R. A. Jones, English clock and watchmaker (d. 1925)
• 1851 – Margherita of Savoy (d. 1926)
• 1858 – Selma Lagerlöf, Swedish author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)
• 1866 – Kenesaw Mountain Landis, American lawyer and judge (d. 1944)
• 1869 – Clark Griffith, American baseball player and manager (d. 1955)
• 1874 – James Michael Curley, American politician, 53rd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1958)
• 1877 – Herbert Pitman, English ship officer on the RMS Titanic (d. 1961)
• 1880 – Walter Brack, German swimmer (d. 1919)
• 1880 – George McBride, American baseball player and manager (d. 1973)
• 1881 – Arthur Marshall, American pianist and composer (d. 1968)
• 1882 – Andy Coakley, American baseball player and coach (d. 1963)
• 1884 – Norman Thomas, American minister and politician (d. 1968)
• 1886 – Bray Hammond, American historian and author (d. 1968)
• 1886 – Robert Hunter, American golfer (d. 1971)
• 1886 – Karl von Frisch, Austrian-German ethologist and zoologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)
• 1889 – Edwin Hubble, American astronomer and cosmologist (d. 1953)
• 1892 – James Collip, Canadian biochemist and academic, co-discovered insulin (d. 1965)
• 1896 – Chiyono Hasegawa, Japanese super-centenarian (d. 2011)
• 1900 – Chester Gould, American cartoonist, created Dick Tracy (d. 1985)
• 1903 – Alexandra Danilova, Russian-American ballerina and choreographer (d. 1997)
• 1905 – Minoo Masani, Indian politician (d. 1998)
• 1907 – Fran Allison, American actress and singer (d. 1989)
• 1907 – Henri-Georges Clouzot, French director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1977)
• 1908 – Alistair Cooke, English-American journalist and author (d. 2004)
• 1910 – Willem Jacob van Stockum, Dutch mathematician, pilot, and academic (d. 1944)
• 1912 – Otto von Habsburg, Austrian-German husband of Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen (d. 2011)
• 1913 – Judy Canova, American actress and singer (d. 1983)
• 1913 – Kostas Choumis, Greek footballer (d. 1981)
• 1914 – Emilio Pucci, Italian fashion designer and politician (d. 1992)
• 1915 – Kon Ichikawa, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2008)
• 1916 – Michael J. Ingelido, American general (d. 2015)
• 1916 – Evelyn Keyes, American actress and singer (d. 2008)
• 1917 – Robert Byrd, American lawyer and politician (d. 2010)
• 1917 – Bobby Locke, South African golfer (d. 1987)
• 1918 – Corita Kent, American nun, illustrator, and educator (d. 1986)
• 1919 – Lucilla Andrews, Egyptian-Scottish nurse and author (d. 2006)
• 1919 – Alan Brown, English racing driver (d. 2004)
• 1919 – Phyllis Thaxter, American actress (d. 2012)
• 1921 – Jim Garrison, American lawyer and judge (d. 1992)
• 1923 – Danny Dayton, American actor and television director (d. 1999)
• 1923 – Nadine Gordimer, South African author and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2014)
• 1924 – Benoit Mandelbrot, Polish-American mathematician and economist (d. 2010)
• 1924 – Henk Vredeling, Dutch politician, Dutch Minister of Defence (d. 2007)
• 1925 – Kaye Ballard, American actress and singer
• 1925 – George Barris, American custom cars designer (d. 2015)
• 1925 – June Christy, American singer (d. 1990)
• 1925 – Robert F. Kennedy, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 64th United States Attorney General (d. 1968)
• 1925 – Maya Plisetskaya, Soviet-born Lithuanian-Spanish ballerina, choreographer, actress, and director (d. 2015)
• 1926 – John Gardner, English soldier and author (d. 2007)
• 1926 – Terry Hall, English ventriloquist (d. 2007)
• 1926 – Tôn Thất Đính, Vietnamese general (d. 2013)
• 1927 – Ed Freeman, American soldier and pilot, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 2008)
• 1927 – Estelle Parsons, American actress and director
• 1928 – Aleksey Batalov, Russian actor and director
• 1928 – Franklin Cover, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1928 – John Disley, Welsh horse racer
• 1929 – Penelope Hobhouse, Irish gardener, author, and educator
• 1929 – Don January, American golfer and architect
• 1930 – Bernard Horsfall, English-Scottish actor (d. 2013)
• 1932 – Richard Dawson, English-American actor and game show host (d. 2012)
• 1935 – Imre Makovecz, Hungarian architect (d. 2011)
• 1936 – Don DeLillo, American author and playwright
• 1936 – Charles R. Larson, American admiral (d. 2014)
• 1936 – Bill Wallis, English actor (d. 2013)
• 1937 – Rhys Isaac, South African-Australian historian and author (d. 2010)
• 1937 – René Kollo, German tenor and actor
• 1937 – Ruth Laredo, American pianist and educator (d. 2005)
• 1937 – Eero Mäntyranta, Finnish skier (d. 2013)
• 1937 – Viktoriya Tokareva, Russian author and screenwriter
• 1939 – Dick Smothers, American actor and singer (Smothers Brothers)
• 1940 – Helma Sanders-Brahms, German director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
• 1940 – Ediz Hun, Turkish film actor and politician
• 1941 – Haseena Moin, Pakistani screenwriter and playwright
• 1941 – Oliver Sipple, American soldier and activist (d. 1989)
• 1942 – Joe Biden, American lawyer and politician, 47th Vice President of the United States
• 1942 – Robert Costanzo, American actor
• 1942 – Bob Einstein, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1942 – Norman Greenbaum, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1942 – Meredith Monk, American composer and choreographer
• 1942 – Paulos Faraj Rahho, Iraqi archbishop (d. 2008)
• 1943 – Veronica Hamel, American actress and producer
• 1944 – Louie Dampier, American basketball player and coach
• 1944 – Mike Vernon, English record producer, founded Blue Horizon
• 1945 – Paul Langford, English historian and academic
• 1945 – Rick Monday, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1945 – Nanette Workman, American-Canadian singer-songwriter and actress
• 1945 – Emel Sayın, Turkish singer and movie actress
• 1946 – Duane Allman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Allman Brothers Band, Hour Glass, Derek and the Dominos, and The Allman Joys) (d. 1971)
• 1946 – Greg Cook, American football player and sportscaster (d. 2012)
• 1946 – Patriarch Kirill of Moscow
• 1946 – Judy Woodruff, American journalist and educator
• 1947 – Joe Walsh, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor (Eagles, James Gang, and Barnstorm)
• 1948 – John R. Bolton, American lawyer and diplomat, 25th United States Ambassador to the United Nations
• 1948 – Park Chul-soo, South Korean director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013)
• 1948 – Barbara Hendricks, American-Swedish soprano and actress
• 1948 – Richard Masur, American actor and director
• 1949 – Jeff Dowd, American film producer and activist
• 1949 – Thelma Drake, American politician
• 1951 – Rodger Bumpass, American actor and singer
• 1951 – David Walters, American politician, 24th Governor of Oklahoma
• 1952 – John Van Boxmeer, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1954 – Berit Andnor, Swedish politician, Swedish Minister of Social Affairs
• 1954 – Steve Dahl, American radio host and actor
• 1954 – Chris McNeill, American ski jumper (d. 2011)
• 1956 – Gareth Chilcott, English rugby player
• 1956 – Bo Derek, American actress and producer
• 1956 – Mark Gastineau, American football player and boxer
• 1956 – Natasha Vlassenko, Russian-Australian pianist and educator
• 1957 – Stefan Bellof, German race car driver (d. 1985)
• 1957 – Mike Craven, English footballer
• 1957 – John Eriksen, Danish footballer (d. 2002)
• 1958 – Rickson Gracie, Brazilian mixed martial artist
• 1959 – Orlando Figes, English historian and academic
• 1959 – James McGovern, American politician
• 1959 – Sean Young, American actress and dancer
• 1960 – Marc Labrèche, Canadian actor
• 1961 – Jim Brickman, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1961 – Tim Harvey, English race car driver
• 1961 – Larry Karaszewski, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1961 – Dave Watson, English footballer and manager
• 1963 – Timothy Gowers, English mathematician and academic
• 1963 – Ming-Na Wen, Macanese-American actress
• 1963 – Wan Yanhai, Chinese-American activist
• 1964 – Boris Dežulović, Croatian journalist and author
• 1964 – Sophie Fillières, French director and screenwriter
• 1964 – Doug Ford, Jr., Canadian businessman and politician
• 1964 – John MacLean, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1964 – Mark Taylor, English footballer and physiotherapist
• 1965 – Yoshiki, Japanese drummer, songwriter, and producer (X Japan, S.K.I.N. and Globe)
• 1965 – Mike D, American rapper and drummer (Beastie Boys and The Latch Brothers)
• 1965 – Sen Dog, Cuban-American rapper (Cypress Hill and SX-10)
• 1965 – Jimmy Vasser, American race car driver
• 1966 – Kevin Gilbert (musician), American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 1996)
• 1966 – Jill Thompson, American author and illustrator
• 1967 – Teoman, Turkish singer-songwriter and actor
• 1967 – Chris Childs, American basketball player
• 1967 – Tarique Rahman, Bangladeshi businessman and politician
• 1968 – Tommy Asinga, Surinamese runner and veterinarian
• 1968 – Robin M. Canup, American astrophysicist
• 1968 – Chew Chor Meng, Singaporean actor
• 1969 – Callie Thorne, American actress and producer
• 1970 – Matt Blunt, American lieutenant and politician, 54th Governor of Missouri
• 1970 – Phife Dawg, American rapper (A Tribe Called Quest)
• 1970 – Delia Gonzalez, American boxer
• 1970 – Geoffrey Keezer, American pianist and educator
• 1970 – Sabrina Lloyd, American actress
• 1970 – Joe Zaso, American actor and producer
• 1971 – Joey Galloway, American football player and sportscaster
• 1971 – Joel McHale, American comedian, actor, and producer
• 1971 – Marco Oppedisano, American guitarist and composer
• 1972 – Sheema Kalbasi, Iranian poet and activist
• 1973 – Angelica Bridges, American actress and singer
• 1973 – Neil Hodgson, English motorcycle racer and sportscaster
• 1974 – Taavi Veskimägi, Estonian businessman and politician
• 1975 – Dierks Bentley, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1975 – Ryan Bowen, American basketball player and coach
• 1975 – J. D. Drew, American baseball player
• 1975 – Joshua Gomez, American actor
• 1975 – Davey Havok, American singer-songwriter and actor (AFI, Blaqk Audio, and Son of Sam)
• 1976 – Dominique Dawes, American gymnast
• 1976 – Laura Harris, Canadian actress
• 1976 – Tusshar Kapoor, Indian actor
• 1976 – Jason Thompson, Canadian actor
• 1976 – Theodoros Velkos, Greek badminton player
• 1976 – Cemal Yıldız, Turkish footballer and manager
• 1976 – Mahmud A. Asrar, Turkish-born comic book artist
• 1977 – Rudy Charles, American wrestling referee
• 1977 – Daniel Svensson, Swedish drummer (In Flames and Diabolique)
• 1977 – Josh Turner, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1978 – Freya Lim, Taiwanese-Malaysian singer and radio host
• 1978 – Nadine Velazquez, American actress and model
• 1979 – Maree Bowden, New Zealand netball player
• 1979 – Joseph Hallman, American composer and academic
• 1979 – Jacob Pitts, American actor
• 1980 – James Chambers, English footballer
• 1980 – Eiko Koike, Japanese idol and actress
• 1981 – Carlos Boozer, American basketball player
• 1981 – Sam Fuld, American baseball player
• 1981 – Kimberley Walsh, English singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress (Girls Aloud)
• 1981 – İbrahim Toraman, Turkish footballer
• 1982 – Margo Stilley, American model and actress
• 1983 – Future, American rapper
• 1984 – Tashard Choice, American football player
• 1984 – Ferdinando Monfardini, Italian race car driver
• 1984 – Justin Hoyte, English footballer
• 1985 – Juan Cruz Álvarez, Argentinian race car driver
• 1985 – Dan Byrd, American actor
• 1985 – Aaron Yan, Taiwanese singer and actor (Fahrenheit)
• 1986 – Ashley Fink, American actress and singer
• 1986 – Özer Hurmacı, Turkish footballer
• 1986 – Oliver Sykes, English singer-songwriter (Bring Me the Horizon)
• 1988 – Max Pacioretty, American ice hockey player
• 1988 – Rhys Wakefield, Australian actor
• 1989 – Cody Linley, American actor
• 1989 – Agon Mehmeti, Swedish footballer
• 1989 – Sergei Polunin, Ukrainian ballet dancer
• 1990 – Mark Christian, Manx cyclist
• 1991 – Anthony Knockaert, French footballer
• 1992 – Maiha Ishimura, Japanese singer and actress (Berryz Kobo and Hello! Project Kids)
• 1992 – Gaku Matsuda, Japanese actor
• 1992 – Yen Santos, Filipino actress
• 1993 – Sumire Satō, Japanese singer and actress (AKB48)
• 2000 – Connie Talbot, English singer

Deaths[edit]

• 811 – Li Fan, Chinese politician (b. 754)
• 855 – Theoktistos, Byzantine courtier
• 869 – Edmund the Martyr, English king (b. 841)
• 1022 – Bernward of Hildesheim, English bishop and saint (b. 960)
• 1314 – Albert II, Margrave of Meissen (b. 1240)
• 1316 – John I of France (b. 1316)
• 1437 – Thomas Langley, English bishop (b. 1363)
• 1518 – Marmaduke Constable, English courtier and soldier (b. 1458)
• 1518 – Pierre de la Rue, Flemish singer-songwriter (b. 1452)
• 1591 – Christopher Hatton, English academic and politician, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1540)
• 1612 – John Harington, English courtier and author (b. 1561)
• 1651 – Mikołaj Potocki, Polish soldier (b. 1595)
• 1662 – Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (b. 1614)
• 1695 – Zumbi, Brazilian king (b. 1655)
• 1704 – Charles Plumier, French botanist and painter (b. 1646)
• 1737 – Caroline of Ansbach (b. 1683)
• 1742 – Melchior de Polignac, French cardinal and poet (b. 1661)
• 1758 – Johan Helmich Roman, Swedish violinist and composer (b. 1694)
• 1764 – Christian Goldbach, Prussian mathematician and theorist (b. 1690)
• 1778 – Francesco Cetti, Italian priest, zoologist, and mathematician (b. 1726)
• 1856 – Farkas Bolyai, Romanian-Hungarian mathematician and academic (b. 1775)
• 1864 – Albert Newsam, American painter and illustrator (b. 1809)
• 1886 – William Bliss Baker, American painter (b. 1859)
• 1894 – Anton Rubinstein, Russian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1829)
• 1898 – Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet, English engineer (b. 1817)
• 1903 – Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat, French racing driver (b. 1867)
• 1908 – Georgy Voronoy, Ukrainian-Russian mathematician and academic (b. 1868)
• 1910 – Leo Tolstoy, Russian author and playwright (b. 1828)
• 1922 – Peter Ratican, American soccer player (b. 1887)
• 1925 – Alexandra of Denmark (b. 1844)
• 1934 – Willem de Sitter, Dutch mathematician, physicist, and astronomer (b. 1872)
• 1936 – Buenaventura Durruti, Spanish mechanic and activist (b. 1896)
• 1936 – José Antonio Primo de Rivera, Spanish lawyer and politician (b. 1903)
• 1938 – Maud of Wales (b. 1869)
• 1941 – Elmar Muuk, Estonian linguist and author (b. 1901)
• 1943 – Emil Kellenberger, Swiss target shooter (b. 1864)
• 1945 – Percy Perrin, English cricketer (b. 1876)
• 1945 – Francis William Aston, English chemist and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877)
• 1950 – Francesco Cilea, Italian composer (b. 1866)
• 1951 – Thomas Quinlan, English businessman (b. 1881)
• 1954 – Clyde Vernon Cessna, American pilot and aircraft designer, founded the Cessna Aircraft Corporation (b. 1879)
• 1957 – Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, Russian-American painter and illustrator (b. 1875)
• 1965 – Johannes Kaiv, Estonian soldier and diplomat (b. 1897)
• 1973 – Allan Sherman, American actor, singer, and producer (b. 1924)
• 1975 – Francisco Franco, Spanish general and politician, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1892)
• 1976 – Trofim Lysenko, Ukrainian-Russian biologist and agronomist (b. 1898)
• 1978 – Giorgio de Chirico, Greek-Italian painter and sculptor (b. 1888)
• 1978 – Vasilisk Gnedov, Russian soldier and poet (b. 1890)
• 1980 – John McEwen, Australian politician, 18th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1900)
• 1983 – Marcel Dalio, French actor and playwright (b. 1900)
• 1984 – Kristian Djurhuus, Faroese politician, 2nd Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (b. 1895)
• 1984 – Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Pakistani journalist and poet (b. 1911)
• 1992 – Raul Renter, Estonian economist and chess player (b. 1920)
• 1994 – Jānis Krūmiņš, Latvian basketball player (b. 1930)
• 1995 – Sergei Grinkov, Russian figure skater (b. 1967)
• 1995 – Robie Macauley, American editor, novelist, and critic (b. 1919)
• 1997 – Dick Littlefield, American baseball player (b. 1926)
• 1998 – Galina Starovoytova, Russian ethnographer and politician (b. 1946)
• 1999 – Amintore Fanfani, Italian journalist and politician, 32nd Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1908)
• 2000 – Mike Muuss, American computer programmer, created Ping (b. 1958)
• 2000 – Kalle Päätalo, Finnish author (b. 1919)
• 2003 – Robert Addie, English actor (b. 1960)
• 2003 – Loris Azzaro, Tunisian-French fashion designer (b. 1933)
• 2003 – David Dacko, African politician, 1st President of the Central African Republic (b. 1930)
• 2003 – Eugene Kleiner, American businessman, co-founded Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers (b. 1923)
• 2003 – Roger Short, English diplomat (b. 1944)
• 2003 – Jim Siedow, American actor (b. 1920)
• 2003 – Kerem Yılmazer, Turkish actor and singer (b. 1945)
• 2004 – David Grierson, Canadian radio host (b. 1955)
• 2004 – Jenny Ross, English singer-songwriter (Section 25) (b. 1962)
• 2005 – Manouchehr Atashi, Iranian journalist and poet (b. 1931)
• 2005 – Nora Denney, American actress (b. 1928)
• 2005 – James King, American tenor and educator (b. 1925)
• 2005 – Chris Whitley, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1960)
• 2006 – Robert Altman, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1925)
• 2006 – Zoia Ceaușescu, Romanian mathematician and academic (b. 1950)
• 2006 – Donald Hamilton, American author (b. 1916)
• 2006 – Andre Waters, American football player and coach (b. 1962)
• 2007 – Ian Smith, Rhodesian lieutenant and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Rhodesia (b. 1919)
• 2008 – Bennie Gonzales, American architect, designed the Heard Museum (b. 1924)
• 2008 – Sven Inge, Swedish painter (b. 1935)
• 2009 – Lino Lacedelli, Italian mountaineer and author (b. 1925)
• 2010 – Laurie Bembenek, American murderer (b. 1958)
• 2010 – Roxana Briban, Romanian soprano and actress (b. 1971)
• 2010 – Chalmers Johnson, American author and scholar (b. 1931)
• 2010 – Rob Lytle, American football player (b. 1954)
• 2010 – Danny McDevitt, American baseball player (b. 1932)
• 2012 – Kaspars Astašenko, Latvian ice hockey player (b. 1975)
• 2012 – David C. Copley, American publisher and philanthropist (b. 1952)
• 2012 – William Grut, Swedish pentathlete (b. 1914)
• 2012 – David O'Brien Martin, American soldier and politician (b. 1944)
• 2012 – Flora Martirosian, Armenian singer (b. 1957)
• 2013 – Pavel Bobek, Czech singer (b. 1937)
• 2013 – Sylvia Browne, American psychic and author (b. 1936)
• 2013 – Joseph Paul Franklin, American serial killer (b. 1950)
• 2013 – Peter Griffiths, English politician (b. 1928)
• 2013 – Dieter Hildebrandt, Polish-German actor and screenwriter (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Frank Lauterbur, American football player and coach (b. 1925)
• 2013 – Oleg Minko, Ukrainian painter and educator (b. 1938)
• 2013 – Klaus Praefcke, German chemist and academic (b. 1933)
• 2014 – Arthur Butterworth, English composer and conductor (b. 1923)
• 2014 – Ray Farabee, American lawyer and politician (b. 1932)
• 2014 – Cayetana Fitz-James Stuart, 18th Duchess of Alba (b. 1926)
• 2014 – Jimmy Heung, Hong Kong director and producer (b. 1950)
• 2014 – Samuel Klein, Polish-Brazilian businessman and philanthropist, founded Casas Bahia (b. 1923)

Carly Simon: You're So Vain is about Beatty and two others

Image copyrightAP

After keeping quiet for more than 40 years, Carly Simon has admitted that her song You're So Vain is about Warren Beatty, but only one verse of it. 

She told People magazine: "I have confirmed that the second verse is Warren", but she said the other verses refer to two other men. 

The 70-year-old star, who is releasing her autobiography, said she doubts she will ever name the other men.

"I don't think so, at least until they know it's about them." 

Asked if Beatty knew about his role in the song, she said "Warren thinks the whole thing is about him!". 

The song about a self assured man who has women falling at his feet was a hit around the world when it was released in 1972. 

The lyrics in the chorus accuse him of being "so vain I bet you think this song is about you".

Image copyrightAP

But the mystery of who the man the song was based on has been the subject of speculation ever since. 

They included Simon's first husband James Taylor, or one of her ex-boyfriends, such as Warren Beatty, Cat Stevens or Kris Kristofferson.

In 2010 there was speculation it was about record company boss David Geffen after she re-recorded the song for her album Never Been Gone and fans thought they heard her whisper David in the song. 

However, she denied it was about David Geffen, saying she had whispered Ovid - because the album was a metamorphosis for her most famous songs. 

She has also denied the song was about Mick Jagger in the past. 

Over the years she has admitted she has told a few people, including DJ Howard Stern.

ΝΑΝΑ ΜΟΥΣΧΟΥΡΗ ΣΤΟ MEΓΑΡΟ ΜΟΥΣΙΚΗΣ

ΕΡΝΕΣΤ ΧΕΜΙΝΓΟΥΕΙ: "ΣΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΚΥΜΑΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΣΜΥΡΝΗΣ"

– η μικρασιατική καταστροφή όπως την έζησε και την κατέγραψε ο μεγάλος νομπελίστας

Γενήθηκε στις ΗΠΑ το 1899. Μόλις 20 χρονών διετέλεσε πολεμικός ανταποκριτής της «Τορόντο Σταρ» στην Ευρώπη και περιέγραψε τη Μικρασιατική Καταστροφή. Το 1925 εκδίδει το πρώτο λογοτεχνικό βιβλίο του «Στην εποχή μας» με πρώτο διήγημα το διήγημα «Στην προκυμαία της Σμύρνης».

Χαρακτηριστικά αποσπάσματα από τις πύρινες ανταποκρίσεις και λογοτεχνικά κείμενα του νομπελίστα συγγραφέα Έρνεστ Χεμινγουέι, που σχετίζονται με τη Μικρασιατική καταστροφή, παρουσιάζονται στο τελευταία τεύχος του περιοδικού «Ελληνική Διασπορά» του ΑΠΕ-ΜΠΕ.
ΠΗΓΗ:Palmografos
«Το χειρότερο, είπε, ήταν οι γυναίκες με τα νεκρά παιδιά. Δε μπορούσαμε να τις πείσουμε να μας δώσουν τα πεθαμένα παιδιά τους. Είχαν τα παιδιά τους, νεκρά ακόμα και έξι μέρες, αλλά δεν τα εγκατέλειπαν. Δε μπορούσαμε να κάνουμε τίποτα. Τελικά έπρεπε να τους τα πάρουμε με τη βία.»

(Από τη συλλογή διηγημάτων του με το γενικό τίτλο «Στην προκυμαία της Σμύρνης»).

Με παραπάνω λόγια κάποιος ήρωας του Χεμινγουέι, που υποτίθεται ότι ήταν αξιωματούχος πολεμικού πλοίου των ΗΠΑ αγκυροβολημένου στη Σμύρνη, περιγράφει τη μεγάλη καταστροφή. Το απόσπασμα είναι από το πρώτο λογοτεχνικό κείμενο που εξέδωσε ο αμερικανός συγγραφέας το 1925, μόλις 26 χρονών τότε, και με το οποίο άρχισε να αποκτά παγκόσμια φήμη. Πρόκειται για τη συλλογή διηγημάτων του «Στην εποχή μας» (In Our Times), όπου το πρώτο του διήγημα, ουσιαστικά ο πρόλογος του βιβλίου, έχει τον τίτλο «Στην προκυμαία της Σμύρνης».

Όσο κι αν μιλάμε για διήγημα, ο συγγραφέας δεν γράφει από απλή φαντασία. Μόλις πριν τρία χρόνια ως ανταποκριτής της καναδικής εφημερίδας “Toronto Star” ο Χεμινγουέι είχε βρεθεί ο ίδιος στον τόπο της καταστροφής και την είχε περιγράψει σε μια σειρά άρθρων του, που εκδόθηκαν το 1985 σε βιβλίο με τον τίτλο: «Dateline: Toronto”.

Ως ανταποκριτής αυτής της εφημερίδας είχε ταξιδέψει από το Παρίσι στην Κωνσταντινούπολη και σε άλλα μέρη της Τουρκίας στέλνοντας κατά την πορεία του τα άρθρα του στην καναδική εφημερίδα.

Στην έκδοση της 20ής Οκτωβρίου 1922 γράφει:

«Ο άντρας σκεπάζει με μια κουβέρτα την ετοιμόγεννη γυναίκα του πάνω στον αραμπά για την προφυλάξει από τη βροχή. Εκείνη είναι το μόνο πρόσωπο που βγάζει κάποιους ήχους [από τους πόνους της γέννας]. Η μικρή κόρη τους την κοιτάζει με τρόμο και βάζει τα κλάματα. Και η πομπή προχωρά... Δεν ξέρω πόσο χρόνο θα πάρει αυτό το γράμμα να φτάσει στο Τορόντο, αλλά όταν εσείς οι αναγνώστες της Σταρ το διαβάσετε να είστε σίγουροι ότι η ίδια τρομακτική, βάναυση πορεία ενός λαού που ξεριζώθηκε από τον τόπο του θα συνεχίζει να τρεκλίζει στον ατέλειωτο λασπωμένο δρόμο προς τη Μακεδονία».

Τα λόγια αυτά δεν είναι γραμμένα από κάποιον που πρώτη φορά αντικρίζει τη φρίκη του πολέμου. Ο νεαρός Χεμινγουέι είχε ζητήσει να καταταγεί ως εθελοντής στον Πρώτο Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο, αλλά δεν έγινε δεκτός λόγω της κακής όρασής του. Αυτό δεν τον εμπόδισε να γίνει εθελοντής νοσοκόμος, να τραυματιστεί σοβαρά δυο φορές στην Αυστρία και τελικά να αποσυρθεί αφού τιμήθηκε με το βραβείο ανδρείας. Κι αυτά πριν να βρεθεί στην Τουρκία ως πολεμικός ανταποκριτής της Toronto Star, μόλις 23 χρονών.

Μέσα από το λογοτεχνικό του ταλέντο, που φανερώθηκε μέσα στα επόμενα χρόνια, ο συγγραφέας δίνει συγκλονιστικές περιγραφές μιας περιόδου που έχει σημαδέψει την ψυχή του Νεοέλληνα, μ’ όλο που κοντεύει να περάσει σχεδόν ένας αιώνας από τότε.

Σ’ ένα από τα κείμενα αυτά, στο οποίο αναφερθήκαμε ήδη, «Στην προκυμαία της Σμύρνης», που θεωρείται αριστούργημα γραφής και διδάσκεται, καθώς είδαμε στο Ιντερνέτ, στους φοιτητές αγγλικής φιλολογίας σε πολλά πανεπιστήμια, γράφει:

«Είχαμε ρητές εντολές να μην επέμβουμε, να μη βοηθήσουμε... Το πλοίο μας είχε τόση δύναμη που θα μπορούσαμε να βομβαρδίσουμε όλη τη Σμύρνη και να σταματήσουμε το μακελειό, αλλά η εντολή ήταν να μην κάνουμε τίποτα... Το παράξενο ήταν, είπε [ο υποτιθέμενος αξιωματούχος του αμερικάνικου πολεμικού που διηγείται την ιστορία], πώς ούρλιαζαν κάθε νύχτα τα μεσάνυχτα. Δεν ξέρω γιατί ούρλιαζαν αυτή την ώρα. Ήμασταν στο λιμάνι κι αυτές στην προκυμαία και τα μεσάνυχτα άρχιζαν να ουρλιάζουν. Στρέφαμε πάνω τους τους προβολείς και κι αυτές τότε σταματούσαν. ...».

Ο Χεμινγουέι ως πολεμικός ανταποκριτής είναι πιο σαφής. Ξέρει ότι 1.250.000 Έλληνες διώχτηκαν από τα σπίτια τους με την ανταλλαγή των πληθυσμών: «Ό,τι και να πει κανείς για το πρόβλημα των προσφύγων στην Ελλάδα δεν πρόκειται να είναι υπερβολή. Ένα φτωχό κράτος με μόλις 4 εκατομμύρια πληθυσμό πρέπει να φροντίσει για άλλο ένα τρίτο των κατοίκων. Και τα σπίτια που άφησαν οι Μουσουλμάνοι που έφυγαν δεν επαρκούν σε τίποτα, χώρια η διαφορά στο επίπεδο κουλτούρας που είχαν συνηθίσει οι Έλληνες στην Κωνσταντινούπολη».

Σε μια άλλη ανταπόκρισή του στη «Σταρ» γράφει:

«Βρίσκομαι σε ένα άνετο τρένο, αλλά με τη φρίκη της εκκένωσης της Θράκης, όλα μου φαίνονται απίστευτα. Έστειλα τηλεγράφημα στη «Σταρ» από την Αδριανούπολη. Δεν χρειάζεται να το επαναλάβω. Η εκκένωση συνεχίζεται.... Ψιχάλιζε. Στην άκρη του λασπόδρομου έβλεπα την ατέλειωτη πορεία της ανθρωπότητας να κινείται αργά στην Αδριανούπολη και μετά να χωρίζεται σ’ αυτούς που πήγαιναν στη Δυτική Θράκη και τη Μακεδονία. .. Δε μπορούσα να βγάλω από το νου μου τους άμοιρους ανθρώπους που βρίσκονταν στην πομπή γιατί είχα δει τρομερά πράγματα σε μια μόνο μέρα. Η ξενοδόχισσα προσπάθησε να με παρηγορήσει με μια τρομερή τούρκικη παροικία: «Δε φταίει μόνο το τσεκούρι, φταίει και το δέντρο». (Toronto Star, 14 Νοέμβρη 1922)

«Η υποχώρηση του ελληνικού στρατού ήταν μια θλιβερή υπόθεση, αλλά δε χρειάζεται να κατηγορούμε γι’ αυτό τον απλό Έλληνα φαντάρο. Ακόμα και όταν γινόταν εκκενώσεις περιοχών οι Έλληνες δρούσαν ως πραγματικοί στρατιώτες. Ο Κεμάλ θα είχε μεγάλο πρόβλημα αν ήταν να τους αντιμετωπίσει στη Θράκη. Ο λοχαγός Wittal του Ινδικού Ιππικού, που βρισκόταν στην Ανατόλια ως παρατηρητής κατά τη διάρκεια του πολέμου των Ελλήνων με τον Κεμάλ, μου είπε: «Οι Έλληνες στρατιώτες ήταν μαχητές πρώτης κατηγορίας. Οι αξιωματικοί τους ήταν άριστοι.... Θα μπορούσαν να έχουν καταλάβει την Άγκυρα και να τελειώσουν τον πόλεμο αν δεν είχαν προδοθεί». Κατά τον Χεμινγουέι η προδοσία αυτή πήγασε και από τους συμμάχους, αλλά και από τον βασιλιά Κωνσταντίνο που αντικατέστησε τους έμπειρους –αλλά βενιζελικούς- αξιωματικούς, με δικούς του «που ποτέ δεν είχαν ακούσει τον κρότο της μάχης». Και τελειώνει με μια πρόταση που δεν θα την έγραφε ποτέ ένας απλός δημοσιογράφος αν δεν είχε μέσα του το ταλέντο του μεγάλου νομπελίστα συγγραφέα: «Όλη μέρα περνούν δίπλα μου, λεροί, εξαντλημένοι, αξύριστοι, ανεμοδαρμένοι στρατιώτες που βαδίζουν στη γκρίζα γυμνή ύπαιθρο της Θράκης. Χωρίς μπάντες, χωρίς [ανθρωπιστικές] οργανώσεις να τους ανακουφίσουν, χωρίς τόπο να ξαποστάσουν, παρά γεμάτοι ψείρες, με βρώμικες κουβέρτες και κουνούπια όλη τη νύχτα. Είναι οι τελευταίοι από αυτό που ήταν κάποτε η δόξα της Ελλάδας. Κι αυτό είναι το τέλος της δεύτερης πολιορκίας της Τροίας» (Toronto Star, 3 Νοεμβρίου 1922).

Μπορεί ο συγγραφέας να ήταν σκληραγωγημένος και από τη φύση του (πλην των άλλων ήταν και μποξέρ) ή από τη ζωή του ως πολεμικός ανταποκριτής, αλλά δε μπορεί αν μη συγκινηθεί με τόσο πόνο. Χρόνια αργότερα, αφού είχε καλύψει δημοσιογραφικά και τον εμφύλιο πόλεμο στην Ισπανία, μιλώντας μέσα από το στόμα ενός ήρωά του γράφει:

«Δε θέλω να κοιμηθώ γιατί έχω τη προαίσθηση ότι αν κλείσω τα μάτια μου στο σκοτάδι και αφεθώ στον εαυτό μου, η ψυχή μου θα βγει από το σώμα».

Σε ένα από τελευταία του άρθρα από την Τουρκία στην Τορόντο Σταρ γράφει:

«Ποιος θα θρέψει τόσο πληθυσμό; Κανένας δεν το ξέρει και μέσα στα επόμενα χρόνια ο χριστιανικός κόσμος θα ακούει μια σπαρακτική κραυγή που ελπίζω να φτάσει και ως τον Καναδά: «Μην ξεχνάτε τους Έλληνες!».

Μόλις πριν από λίγο καιρό η διεθνής «Οργάνωση των Ακαδημαϊκών για τις Γενοκτονίες» αναγνώρισε ως γενοκτονία όχι μόνο αυτή των Ποντίων αλλά και των Ελλήνων της Ανατολίας.

Η κραυγή του Χεμινγουέι έχει επί τέλους φτάσει όχι μόνο στον Καναδά, αλλά και σε όλο τον κόσμo.