Grace Jones said no to Gaga but is inspired by Adele

Ο Τζάστιν Μπίμπερ στη Σαντορίνη 

Στην Ελλάδα και μάλιστα στο  νησί της Σαντορίνης

 βρίσκεται ο Καναδός τραγουδιστής, Τζάστιν Μπίμπερ.

Ο νεαρός, ο οποίος αποτελεί ένα από τα είδωλα της ποπ στην Αμερική, ανάρτησε στο

 προσωπικό του λογαριασμό στο Instagram φωτογραφίες από τη Σαντορίνη

 δείχνοντας τις ομορφιές του κυκλαδίτικου νησιού στους θαυμαστές του σε όλο τον

 κόσμο, δηλαδή σε κάτι παραπάνω από 39,1 εκατ. άτομα που τον ακολουθούν 

στο Facebook! 

H Disneyland ψάχνει προσωπικό στην Ελλάδα 

Τη Δευτέρα ολική έκλειψη υπερπανσελήνου, ορατή και από την Ελλάδα

Μία πανσέληνος με το φεγγάρι να είναι το μεγαλύτερο που 

μπορεί να υπάρξει, η λεγόμενη και υπερπανσέληνος, θα

 εξαφανιστεί τελείως λόγω ολικής έκλειψης. Κάτι τέτοιο είχε 

να συμβεί πάνω από τρεις δεκαετίες.

Τα ξημερώματα της Δευτέρας 28 Σεπτεμβρίου, όσοι είναι ξύπνιοι στην Ελλάδα

 και σε πολλές άλλες χώρες, θα έχουν την ευκαιρία να παρατηρήσουν μια ολική

 έκλειψη υπερμεγέθους Σελήνης. Στη χώρα μας το φαινόμενο θα φθάσει στο μέγιστο

σημείο του περίπου στις έξι παρά δέκα το πρωί.

Το αξιοσημείωτο είναι ότι η, ούτως ή άλλως θεαματική, ολική έκλειψη θα συμβεί

 κατά τη διάρκεια της λεγόμενης «υπερπανσελήνου», καθώς η πανσέληνος θα 

λάβει χώρα, όταν η Σελήνη θα βρίσκεται στο περίγειο, δηλαδή στο κοντινότερο 

σημείο της από τη Γη. Αυτό σημαίνει ότι η διάμετρος του υπό έκλειψη φεγγαριού

 θα φαίνεται μεγαλύτερη σε σύγκριση με τις προηγούμενες εκλείψεις.

Η έκλειψη -εφόσον το επιτρέπει ο κατά τόπους καιρός- θα είναι ορατή από την

 Ευρώπη, την Αφρική, την Αμερική και τη δυτική Ασία. Προηγήθηκε στις 13 

Σεπτεμβρίου μια μερική σεληνιακή έκλειψη, η οποία όμως ήταν ορατή μόνο

 από τη Νότια Αφρική και από τους... πιγκουίνους της Ανταρκτικής.

Κάτι ανάλογο -συνδυασμός ολικής έκλειψης και υπερπανσελήνου- είχε συμβεί

 μόνο πέντε φορές μετά το 1900: το 1910, το 1928, το 1946 και για τελευταία φορά 

το 1982, ενώ δεν θα ξανασυμβεί πριν από το 2033, σύμφωνα με τη NASA. Ασφαλώς

 ολικές εκλείψεις «κανονικής» και όχι «σούπερ» Σελήνης συμβαίνουν πολύ πιο

 συχνά (περίπου κάθε δυόμισι χρόνια).

Στην Ελλάδα θα είναι ορατή ολόκληρη η ολική φάση της έκλειψης, καθώς και

 ολόκληρη η μερική φάση της στα δυτικά της χώρας μας. Ορισμένες περιοχές

 της ανατολικής Ελλάδας θα χάσουν μερικά λεπτά από το τέλος της μερικής φάσης, 

καθώς η Σελήνη εκεί θα δύσει μερικά λεπτά νωρίτερα.

Κατά τη διάρκεια της ολικής φάσης της έκλειψης, η Σελήνη θα βρίσκεται στο 

δυτικό-νοτιοδυτικό ουρανό. Οι ακριβείς χρόνοι του φαινομένου στη χώρα μας, 

σύμφωνα με τους αστρονόμους, θα έχουν ως εξής:

• Έναρξη έκλειψης παρασκιάς: 3:11 πμ
• Έναρξη μερικής έκλειψης: 4:07 πμ
• Έναρξη ολικότητας: 5:11 πμ
• Μέγιστο έκλειψης: 5:47 πμ
• Τέλος ολικότητας: 6:23 πμ
• Τέλος μερικής έκλειψης 7:27 πμ
• Τέλος έκλειψης παρασκιάς 8:22 πμ (η Σελήνη θα έχει ήδη δύσει).

Η έκλειψη της 28ης Σεπτεμβρίου είναι η τέταρτη και τελευταία ολική σεληνιακή

 έκλειψη της τελευταίας διετίας. Οι προηγούμενες ολικές εκλείψεις έλαβαν 

χώρα στις 15 Απριλίου 2014, 8 Οκτωβρίου 2014 και 4 Απριλίου 2015.

Κατά την έκλειψη της ερχόμενης Δευτέρας, το φεγγάρι θα φαίνεται κατά 14% 

μεγαλύτερο και κατά 30% φωτεινότερο από ό,τι στην προηγούμενη φετινή

 έκλειψη, επειδή θα βρίσκεται στο κοντινότερο στη Γη σημείο της ελλειπτικής

 τροχιάς του (σε απόσταση 363.700 χιλιομέτρων), ενώ την περασμένη άνοιξη 

βρισκόταν αντίθετα στο πιο μακρινό του (σε απόσταση 405.600 χιλιομέτρων).

Ενώ η φετινή ανοιξιάτικη ολική έκλειψη διήρκεσε λιγότερο από πέντε λεπτά, 

της Δευτέρας θα διαρκέσει πάνω από 70 και συνολικά πάνω από τέσσερις ώρες μαζί 

με την παρασκιά και την μερική έκλειψη. Είτε με ερασιτεχνικό τηλεσκόπιο, είτε

 μια κυάλια, είτε με γυμνά μάτια, θα μπορεί κανείς να παρακολουθήσει το φαινόμενο.

Η «Ματωμένη Σελήνη» δεν θα φέρει το τέλος της Γης

Παρά την ολική έκλειψη, το φεγγάρι δεν γίνεται τελείως σκοτεινό, αλλά παίρνει 

μια κοκκινωπή απόχρωση, γι'αυτό πολλοί το ονομάζουν «Ματωμένη Σελήνη».

Όταν η σκιά της Γης καλύψει τη Σελήνη εντελώς, τότε -ανάλογα και με τις

 συνθήκες που θα επικρατούν (υγρασία, θερμοκρασία, περιεκτικότητα της

 ατμόσφαιρας σε σκόνη κλπ.), η σκιά της Σελήνης θα αποκτήσει μια κοκκινωπή 

απόχρωση. Ο φυσικός μηχανισμός είναι σχετικός με αυτόν που χρωματίζει

 κόκκινα τα δειλινά.

Καθόλου παράξενο που με αυτό το φαινόμενο κατά καιρούς έχουν συνδεθεί 

διάφοροι φόβοι για το επερχόμενο τέλος του κόσμου. Και αυτή τη φορά, διάφορες

 περιθωριακές θρησκευτικές ομάδες -κυρίως προτεσταντικές στις ΗΠΑ- 

προβλέπουν ότι ο κόσμος δεν θα υπάρχει μετά τη Δευτέρα, ίσως εξαιτίας της

 πτώσης κάποιου μεγάλου αστεροειδούς. 

Το  μεγαλύτερο ιστιοπλοϊκό στον κόσμο 

Οταν το χρήμα δεν αποτελεί πρόβλημα, τότε ο καθένας μπορεί 

να ικανοποιήσει και την πιο τρελή επιθυμία του. Τι ήθελε ο Αντρέι

 Ιγκόρεβιτς Μελνιτσένκο; Το μεγαλύτερο ιστιοπλοϊκό σκάφος

 στον κόσμο.

Ο Ρώσος δισεκατομμυριούχος το απέκτησε, έχοντας πλέον στην κατοχή του ένα

 απίστευτης χλιδής και μεγέθους ιστιοπλοϊκό σκάφος, η θέα του οποίου κόβει την

 ανάσα. Ενα «παιχνίδι» το οποίο του κόστισε 260 εκατομμύρια λίρες.

Το «Sailing Yacht A» έκανε το πρώτο του ταξίδι στο Κίελο και ο κόσμος έμεινε με 

ανοιχτό στόμα όταν το είδε. Ηταν απόλυτα λογικό, μιας και το ύψος του ξεπερνά τα

 91 μ. και το μήκος του τα 142 μέτρα. Αυτό το επικό σκάφος έχει 8 καταστρώματα,

 ανάμεσά τους και ένα υποβρύχιο δωμάτιο παρατήρησης. Οσο για τις ανέσεις του, 

αρκεί να αναλογιστεί κανείς πως μπορεί να φιλοξενήσει 20 άτομα και πλήρωμα

 54 μελών.

Ο 43χρονος Μελνιτσένκο με τη σύζυγό του, Αλεξάντρα, πρώην μοντέλο στη Σερβία

Δεν είναι το πρώτο εντυπωσιακό σκάφος που κατέχει ο Μελνιτσένκο. Είχε ήδη

 το «Motor Yacht A», αξίας... μόλις 190 εκατ. λιρών, ενώ στην περιουσία του

 ανθρώπου που εκτιμάται ότι αξίζει 9 δισ. δολάρια, υπάρχει και ένα Boeing 737.

• 1122 – Pope Callixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V agree to the Concordat of Worms to put an end to the Investiture Controversy.
• 1338 – The Battle of Arnemuiden was the first naval battle of the Hundred Years' War and the first naval battle using artillery, as the English ship Christofer had three cannon and one hand gun.
• 1409 – Battle of Kherlen, the second significant victory over Ming China by the Mongols since 1368.
• 1459 – Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Wars of the Roses, is fought at Blore Heath in Staffordshire.
• 1568 – Spanish naval forces rout an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near Veracruz.
• 1641 – The Merchant Royal, carrying a treasure worth over a billion US dollars, is lost at sea off Land's End.
• 1642 – First commencement exercises occur at Harvard College.
• 1779 – American Revolution: John Paul Jones on board the USS Bonhomme Richard wins the Battle of Flamborough Head.
• 1780 – American Revolution: British Major John André is arrested as a spy by American soldiers exposing Benedict Arnold's change of sides.
• 1803 – Second Anglo-Maratha War: Battle of Assaye between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India.
• 1806 – Lewis and Clark return to St. Louis after exploring the Pacific Northwest of the United States.
• 1821 – Tripolitsa, Greece, is captured by Greek rebels during the Greek War of Independence.
• 1845 – The Knickerbockers Baseball Club, the first baseball team to play under the modern rules, is founded in New York.
• 1846 – Astronomers Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier, John Couch Adams and Johann Gottfried Galle collaborate on the discovery of Neptune.
• 1868 – Grito de Lares ("Lares Revolt") occurs in Puerto Rico against Spanish rule.
• 1889 – Nintendo Koppai (Later Nintendo Company, Limited) is founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi to produce and market the playing card game Hanafuda.
• 1899 – American Asiatic Squadron destroys a Filipino battery at the Battle of Olongapo.
• 1905 – Norway and Sweden sign the "Karlstad treaty", peacefully dissolving the Union between the two countries.
• 1908 – University of Alberta in Alberta, Canada, is founded.
• 1909 – The Phantom of the Opera (original title: Le Fantôme de l'Opéra), a novel by French writer Gaston Leroux, is first published as a serialization in Le Gaulois.
• 1911 – Pilot Earle Ovington makes the first official airmail delivery in America under the authority of the United States Post Office Department
• 1913 – Roland Garros of France becomes the first to fly in an airplane across the Mediterranean (from St. Raphael France to Bizerte, Tunisia).
• 1932 – The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd is renamed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
• 1936 – First ascent of Siniolchu by a German team.
• 1938 – Mobilization of the Czechoslovak army in response to the Munich Crisis.
• 1942 – World War II: The Matanikau action on Guadalcanal begins: U.S. Marines attack Japanese units along the Matanikau River.
• 1943 – World War II: The Nazi puppet state the Italian Social Republic is founded.
• 1950 – Korean War, The Battle of Hill 282: the first US friendly-fire incident on British military personnel since World War II occurs.
• 1952 – Richard Nixon makes his "Checkers speech".
• 1959 – Iowa farmer and corn breeder Roswell Garst hosts Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev.
• 1959 – The MS Princess of Tasmania, Australia's first passenger roll-on/roll-off diesel ferry, makes her maiden voyage across Bass Strait.
• 1962 – The Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts opens in New York City.
• 1969 – The Chicago Eight trial opens in Chicago.
• 1973 – Juan Perón returns to power in Argentina.
• 1980 – Bob Marley plays what would be his last concert in Pittsburgh.
• 1983 – Saint Kitts and Nevis joins the United Nations.
• 1983 – Gerrie Coetzee of South Africa becomes the first African boxing world heavyweight champion.
• 1983 – Gulf Air Flight 771 is destroyed by a bomb, killing all 117 people on board.
• 1986 – Jim Deshaies of the Houston Astros sets a major league record by striking out the first eight batters he faces in a game against the Los Angeles Dodgers.
• 1988 – José Canseco of the Oakland Athletics becomes the first member of the 40–40 club.
• 1992 – A large Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb destroys forensic laboratories in Belfast.
• 1999 – Celebrate Bisexuality Day was first observed in the United States.
• 1999 – NASA announces that it has lost contact with the Mars Climate Orbiter.
• 2002 – The first public version of the web browser Mozilla Firefox ("Phoenix 0.1") is released.
• 2004 – Hurricane Jeanne: At least 1,070 in Haiti are reported to have been killed by floods.
• 2008 – Kauhajoki school shooting: Matti Saari kills 10 people before committing suicide.
• 2008 – Convict Teresa Lewis became the first female inmate to die by lethal injection in the state of Virginia.

Births[edit]

• 63 BC – Augustus, Roman emperor (d. 14)
• 1158 – Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany (d. 1186)
• 1215 – Kublai Khan, Mongolian emperor (d. 1294)
• 1434 – Yolande of Valois (d. 1478)
• 1598 – Eleonore Gonzaga, Italian wife of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1655)
• 1642 – Giovanni Maria Bononcini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1678)
• 1647 – Joseph Dudley, American politician, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (d. 1720)
• 1650 – Jeremy Collier, English bishop and theologian (d. 1726)
• 1713 – Ferdinand VI of Spain (d. 1759)
• 1740 – Empress Go-Sakuramachi of Japan (d. 1813)
• 1759 – Marie Clotilde of France (d. 1802)
• 1771 – Emperor Kōkaku of Japan (d. 1840)
• 1778 – Mariano Moreno, Argentinian journalist, lawyer, and politician (d. 1811)
• 1781 – Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (d. 1860)
• 1791 – Johann Franz Encke, German astronomer and academic (d. 1865)
• 1791 – Theodor Körner, German soldier and author (d. 1813)
• 1800 – William Holmes McGuffey, American educator and author (d. 1873)
• 1819 – Hippolyte Fizeau, French physicist and academic (d. 1896)
• 1838 – Victoria Woodhull, American journalist and activist (d. 1927)
• 1851 – Ellen Hayes, American mathematician and astronomer (d. 1930)
• 1852 – James Carroll Beckwith, American painter (d. 1917)
• 1852 – William Stewart Halsted, American physician and surgeon (d. 1922)
• 1853 – Princess Marie Elisabeth of Saxe-Meiningen (d. 1923)
• 1861 – Robert Bosch, German engineer and businessman, founded Robert Bosch GmbH (d. 1942)
• 1863 – Mary Church Terrell, American author and activist (d. 1954)
• 1865 – Pekka Halonen, Finnish painter (d. 1933)
• 1865 – Emma Orczy, Hungarian-English author and playwright (d. 1947)
• 1865 – Suzanne Valadon, French painter (d. 1938)
• 1869 – Typhoid Mary, Irish-American carrier of Typhoid fever (d. 1938)
• 1876 – Moshe Zvi Segal, Israeli rabbi and scholar (d. 1968)
• 1877 – Léon Sée, French fencer (d. 1960)
• 1880 – John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr, Scottish biologist, physician, and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
• 1889 – Walter Lippmann, American journalist and publisher, co-founded The New Republic (d. 1974)
• 1890 – Friedrich Paulus, German general (d. 1957)
• 1893 – Cläre Lotto, German actress (d. 1952)
• 1895 – Miron Merzhanov, Russian architect and engineer (d. 1975)
• 1895 – Johnny Mokan, American baseball player (d. 1985)
• 1897 – Walter Pidgeon, Canadian-American actor and singer (d. 1984)
• 1898 – Les Haylen, Australian journalist and politician (d. 1977)
• 1898 – Jadwiga Smosarska, Polish actress (d. 1971)
• 1899 – Tom C. Clark, American lawyer and judge, 59th Attorney General of the United States (d. 1977)
• 1899 – Louise Nevelson, Ukrainian-American sculptor (d. 1988)
• 1900 – Bill Stone, English soldier (d. 2009)
• 1901 – Jaroslav Seifert, Czech poet and journalist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
• 1902 – Su Buqing, Chinese mathematician and academic (d. 2003)
• 1905 – Tiny Bradshaw, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1958)
• 1906 – Bardu Ali, American singer and guitarist (d. 1995)
• 1906 – Charles Ritchie, Canadian diplomat, High Commission of Canada to the United Kingdom (d. 1995)
• 1907 – Albert Ammons, American pianist (d. 1949)
• 1907 – Anne Desclos, French journalist and author (d. 1998)
• 1907 – Herbert Kappler, German head of police and security forces in Rome during World War II (d. 1978)
• 1907 – Nicola Moscona, Greek opera singer (d. 1975)
• 1907 – Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza (d. 1976)
• 1908 – Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Indian poet, academic, and politician (d. 1974)
• 1909 – Lorenc Antoni, Kosovo-Albanian composer and conductor (d. 1991)
• 1910 – Jakob Streit, Swiss anthroposophist and author (d. 2009)
• 1911 – Frank Moss, American lawyer and politician (d. 2003)
• 1912 – Ghulam Mustafa Khan, Pakistani linguist, author, and critic (d. 2005)
• 1912 – Tony Smith, American sculptor and educator (d. 1980)
• 1913 – Carl-Henning Pedersen, Danish painter and sculptor (d. 2007)
• 1914 – Omar Ali Saifuddien III, Bruneian sultan (d. 1986)
• 1915 – Julius Baker, American flute player and educator (d. 2003)
• 1915 – Clifford Shull, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)
• 1916 – Aldo Moro, Italian politician, 39th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1978)
• 1920 – Mickey Rooney, American actor, singer, director, and producer (d. 2014)
• 1922 – Louise Latham, American actress
• 1923 – Vello Helk, Estonian-Danish historian and author (d. 2014)
• 1923 – Margaret Pellegrini, American actress and dancer (d. 2013)
• 1924 – Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, Nicaraguan journalist and publisher (d. 1978)
• 1925 – Eleonora Rossi Drago, Italian actress (d. 2007)
• 1925 – Denis C. Twitchett, English historian and scholar (d. 2006)
• 1926 – André Cassagnes, French toy maker, created the Etch A Sketch (d. 2013)
• 1926 – John Coltrane, American saxophonist and composer (Miles Davis Quintet) (d. 1967)
• 1926 – Jimmy Woode, American bassist (Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band) (d. 2005)
• 1927 – Mighty Joe Young, American singer and guitarist (d. 1999)
• 1928 – Frank Foster, American saxophonist and composer (d. 2011)
• 1928 – Roger Grimsby, American journalist and actor (d. 1995)
• 1929 – Wally Whyton, English singer-songwriter (The Vipers Skiffle Group) (d. 1997)
• 1930 – Sehba Akhtar, Pakistani poet and songwriter (d. 1996)
• 1930 – Colin Blakely, Irish-English actor (d. 1987)
• 1930 – Ray Charles, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor (d. 2004)
• 1931 – Hilly Kristal, American businessman, founded CBGB (d. 2007)
• 1931 – Stan Lynde, American author and illustrator (d. 2013)
• 1931 – Gerald Merrithew, Canadian educator and politician (d. 2004)
• 1932 – Georg Keßler, German footballer and manager
• 1933 – Lloyd J. Old, Founder and standard-bearer of the field of cancer immunology. (d.2011)
• 1934 – Ahmad Shah, Crown Prince of Afghanistan
• 1934 – Per Olov Enquist, Swedish author
• 1935 – Prem Chopra, Pakistani-Indian actor
• 1935 – Les McCann, American singer and pianist
• 1935 – Ron Tindall, English-Australian footballer, cricketer, and manager (d. 2012)
• 1935 – Arland D. Williams, Jr., American passenger on Air Florida Flight 90 (d. 1982)
• 1936 – Valentín Paniagua, Peruvian lawyer and politician, 91st President of Peru (d. 2006)
• 1936 – Sylvain Saudan, Swiss skier
• 1936 – Tareq Suheimat, Jordanian physician, general, and politician
• 1937 – Jacques Poulin, Canadian author
• 1938 – Tom Lester, American actor and producer
• 1938 – Romy Schneider, Austrian-French actress and singer (d. 1982)
• 1939 – Henry Blofeld, English cricketer and journalist
• 1939 – Roy Buchanan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Snakestretchers) (d. 1988)
• 1939 – Janusz Gajos, Polish actor
• 1939 – Joan Hanham, Baroness Hanham, English politician
• 1939 – Sonny Vaccaro, American businessman
• 1940 – Tim Rose, American singer-songwriter and banjo player (The Big 3) (d. 2002)
• 1940 – Mohammad-Reza Shajarian, Iranian singer-songwriter
• 1940 – Michel Temer, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 25th Vice President of Brazil
• 1941 – George Jackson, American activist and author, co-founded the Black Guerrilla Family (d. 1971)
• 1941 – Simon Nolet, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1941 – Norma Winstone, English singer-songwriter
• 1942 – Sila María Calderón, Puerto Rican businesswoman and politician, 12th Secretary of State of Puerto Rico
• 1942 – Colin Low, Baron Low of Dalston, Scottish scholar and politician
• 1943 – Tanuja, Indian actress
• 1943 – Julio Iglesias, Spanish singer-songwriter
• 1943 – Marty Schottenheimer, American football player and coach
• 1944 – Eric Bogle, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1944 – Richard Lambert, English journalist and academic
• 1945 – Ron Bushy, American drummer (Iron Butterfly)
• 1945 – Igor Ivanov, Russian politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Russia
• 1945 – Paul Petersen, American actor and singer
• 1946 – Franz Fischler, Austrian politician
• 1946 – Bernard Maris, French economist and journalist (d. 2015)
• 1946 – Genista McIntosh, Baroness McIntosh, English politician
• 1946 – Anne Wheeler, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1947 – Christian Bordeleau, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1947 – Mary Kay Place, American actress, singer, director, and screenwriter
• 1947 – Neal Smith, American drummer and songwriter (Plasmatics)
• 1948 – Don Grolnick, American pianist and composer (Ten Wheel Drive) (d. 1996)
• 1948 – Dan Toler, American guitarist (The Allman Brothers Band and Gregg Allman Band) (d. 2013)
• 1949 – Floella Benjamin, Baroness Benjamin, Trinidadian-English actress, academic, and politician
• 1949 – Jerry B. Jenkins, American author
• 1949 – Bruce Springsteen, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (E Street Band and Steel Mill)
• 1949 – Kostas Tournas, Greek singer-songwriter
• 1950 – George Garzone, American saxophonist and educator
• 1951 – Steven Springer, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2012)
• 1952 – Mark Bego, American author
• 1952 – Anshuman Gaekwad, Indian cricketer
• 1952 – Dennis Lamp, American baseball player
• 1952 – Jim Morrison, American baseball player and manager
• 1952 – Peter Schrank, Swiss-English cartoonist
• 1953 – Nicholas Witchell, English journalist
• 1954 – Charlie Barnett, American actor (d. 1996)
• 1954 – Cherie Blair, English lawyer and academic, Spouse of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
• 1956 – Peter David, American author, actor, and screenwriter
• 1956 – Tom Hogan, Australian cricketer
• 1956 – Paolo Rossi, Italian footballer
• 1957 – Rosalind Chao, American actress
• 1957 – Tony Fossas, Cuban-American baseball player and coach
• 1957 – Kumar Sanu, Indian singer-songwriter
• 1958 – Danielle Dax, English singer-songwriter and producer (Lemon Kittens)
• 1958 – Khaled El Sheikh, Bahraini singer-songwriter
• 1958 – Marvin Lewis, American football player and coach
• 1958 – Larry Mize, American golfer
• 1959 – Jason Alexander, American actor, singer, director, and producer
• 1959 – Frank Cottrell Boyce, English author and screenwriter
• 1959 – Hans Nijman, Dutch mixed martial artist and wrestler (d. 2014)
• 1959 – Martin Page, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer (Q-Feel)
• 1959 – Elizabeth Peña, American actress and director (d. 2014)
• 1959 – Karen Pierce, English diplomat
• 1960 – Luis Moya, Spanish race car driver
• 1961 – Lesley Fitz-Simons, Scottish actress (d. 2013)
• 1961 – Chi McBride, American actor and singer
• 1961 – William C. McCool, American commander, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2003)
• 1962 – Deborah Orr, Scottish journalist
• 1963 – Anne-Marie Cadieux, Canadian actress, director, and screenwriter
• 1963 – Alex Proyas, Egyptian-Australian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1964 – Clayton Blackmore, Welsh footballer and manager
• 1964 – Koshi Inaba, Japanese singer-songwriter (B'z)
• 1964 – Larry Krystkowiak, American basketball player and coach
• 1964 – Katie Mitchell, English director and producer
• 1964 – Julian Parkhill, scientist
• 1964 – Bill Phillips, American businessman and author
• 1965 – Mark Woodforde, Australian tennis player
• 1966 – Pete Harnisch, American baseball player
• 1966 – LisaRaye McCoy-Misick, American actress and fashion designer
• 1967 – Hilary Andersson, American-English journalist
• 1967 – Chris Wilder, English footballer and manager
• 1968 – Yvette Fielding, English actress and producer
• 1968 – Adam Price, Welsh politician
• 1968 – Sydnee Steele, American porn actress
• 1969 – Donald Audette, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1969 – Patrick Fiori, French singer-songwriter
• 1969 – Tapio Laukkanen, Finnish race car driver
• 1969 – Rod Pampling, Australian golfer
• 1969 – Jan Suchopárek, Czech footballer and manager
• 1970 – Adrian Brunker, Australian rugby league player
• 1970 – Lucia Cifarelli, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player (KMFDM, MDFMK, KGC, Schwein, and Drill)
• 1970 – Ani DiFranco, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1970 – Giorgos Koltsidas, Greek footballer
• 1971 – Moin Khan, Pakistani cricketer and coach
• 1971 – Ingebrigt Håker Flaten, Norwegian bassist (Atomic, The Thing)
• 1971 – Lee Mi-yeon, South Korean actress
• 1971 – Kenji Matsuda, Japanese actor
• 1971 – Eric Montross, American basketball player and sportscaster
• 1972 – Sarah Bettens, Belgian singer-songwriter and guitarist (K's Choice)
• 1972 – Alistair Campbell, Zimbabwean cricketer
• 1972 – Ana Marie Cox, American author and blogger
• 1972 – Jermaine Dupri, American rapper and producer
• 1972 – Shim Eun-ha, South Korean actress
• 1972 – Karl Pilkington, English actor and producer
• 1973 – Ingrid Fliter, Argentinian pianist
• 1973 – Vangelis Krios, Greek footballer and coach
• 1973 – Artim Šakiri, Macedonian footballer and manager
• 1974 – Matt Hardy, American wrestler
• 1974 – Harumi Inoue, Japanese swimmer and actress
• 1975 – Jaime Bergman, American model and actress
• 1975 – Layzie Bone, American rapper and actor (Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, Bone Brothers, and Mo Thugs)
• 1975 – Kim Dong-moon, South Korean badminton player
• 1975 – Chris Hawkins, English journalist and producer
• 1975 – Eric Miller, Irish rugby player, footballer, and coach
• 1976 – Sarah Blasko, Australian singer-songwriter and producer
• 1976 – Homaro Cantu, American chef (d. 2015)
• 1976 – Katarina Čas, Slovenian actress
• 1976 – Faune A. Chambers, American actress
• 1976 – Rob James-Collier, English model and actor
• 1976 – Kip Pardue, American actor
• 1976 – Volodymyr Sydorenko, Ukrainian boxer
• 1977 – Matthieu Descoteaux, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1977 – Dmitri Kulikov, Estonian footballer
• 1977 – Fabio Ongaro, Italian rugby player
• 1977 – Brett Prebble, Australian jockey
• 1977 – Suzanne Tamim, Lebanese singer and actress (d. 2008)
• 1977 – Rachael Yamagata, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1978 – Benjamin Curtis, American guitarist, drummer, and songwriter (Secret Machines, School of Seven Bells, Tripping Daisy, and UFOFU) (d. 2013)
• 1978 – Anthony Mackie, American actor
• 1978 – Worm Miller, American actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1978 – Keri Lynn Pratt, American actress
• 1979 – Ricky Davis, American basketball player
• 1979 – Bryant McKinnie, American football player
• 1979 – Fábio Simplício, Brazilian footballer
• 1979 – Lote Tuqiri, Fijian-Australian rugby player
• 1980 – Cameron Litvack, American screenwriter and producer
• 1980 – Syu, Japanese guitarist
• 1980 – Matt White, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1980 – Hooligan, Maltese rapper
• 1981 – Robert Doornbos, Dutch race car driver
• 1981 – Natalie Horler, German singer (Cascada and Siria)
• 1981 – Helen Richardson-Walsh, English field hockey player
• 1981 – Misti Traya, American actress
• 1982 – Mait Künnap, Estonian tennis player
• 1982 – Alyssa Sutherland, Australian-American actress and model
• 1983 – Shane del Rosario, American mixed martial artist and kick-boxer (d. 2013)
• 1983 – Märt Israel, Estonian discus thrower
• 1983 – Joffrey Lupul, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1983 – Regan Smith, American race car driver
• 1984 – Kitkat, Filipino actress and comedian
• 1984 – Patrick Ehelechner, German ice hockey player
• 1984 – Kate French, American actress
• 1984 – Matt Kemp, American baseball player
• 1984 – Anneliese van der Pol, Dutch-American actress and singer
• 1985 – Brian Brohm, American football player
• 1985 – Joba Chamberlain, American baseball player
• 1985 – Maki Goto, Japanese singer-songwriter and actress (Morning Musume, Nochiura Natsumi, Petitmoni, Gomattō, and Def.Diva)
• 1985 – Chris Johnson, American football player
• 1985 – Hossein Ka'abi, Iranian footballer
• 1985 – Lukáš Kašpar, Czech ice hockey player
• 1986 – Martin Cranie, English footballer
• 1987 – Skylar Astin, American actor and singer
• 1987 – Trinidad James, Trinidadian-American rapper
• 1988 – Ryo Kimura, Japanese actor
• 1988 – Juan Martín del Potro, Argentinian tennis player
• 1988 – Shanaze Reade, English BMX rider
• 1988 – Anthony Straker, English footballer
• 1988 – Yannick Weber, Swiss ice hockey player
• 1989 – Brandon Jennings, American basketball player
• 1989 – Mara Scherzinger, German actress
• 1990 – Agustín Sierra, Argentinian actor and singer
• 1990 – Çağatay Ulusoy, Turkish model and actor
• 1991 – Key, South Korean singer, dancer, and actor (Shinee and Toheart)
• 1991 – Melanie Oudin, American tennis player
• 1991 – Zia Quizon, Filipino singer
• 1993 – Duke Johnson, American football player
• 1996 – Lee Hi, South Korean singer
• 2000 – Kalani Hilliker, American dancer, model, and television personality

Deaths[edit]

• 1193 – Robert de Sablé, French knight
• 1241 – Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian, poet, and politician (b. 1178)
• 1390 – John I, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1346)
• 1535 – Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1513)
• 1571 – John Jewel, English bishop (b. 1522)
• 1573 – Azai Hisamasa, Japanese warlord (b. 1524)
• 1605 – Pontus de Tyard, French priest and poet (b. 1521)
• 1675 – Valentin Conrart, French author (b. 1603)
• 1728 – Christian Thomasius, German jurist and philosopher (b. 1655)
• 1738 – Herman Boerhaave, Dutch botanist and physician (b. 1668)
• 1764 – Robert Dodsley, English poet and playwright (b. 1703)
• 1773 – Johan Ernst Gunnerus, Norwegian bishop and botanist (b. 1718)
• 1789 – John Rogers, American lawyer and politician (b. 1723)
• 1830 – Elizabeth Monroe, American wife of James Monroe, 5th First Lady of the United States (b. 1768)
• 1835 – Vincenzo Bellini, Italian composer (b. 1801)
• 1851 – Émilie Gamelin, Canadian nun, founded the Sisters of Providence (b. 1800)
• 1846 – John Ainsworth Horrocks, English-Australian explorer (b. 1818)
• 1850 – José Gervasio Artigas, Uruguayan general and politician (b. 1764)
• 1867 – Michael O'Laughlen, American conspirator (b. 1840)
• 1870 – Prosper Mérimée, French archaeologist and historian (b. 1803)
• 1871 – Louis-Joseph Papineau, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1786)
• 1873 – Jean Chacornac, French astronomer (b. 1823)
• 1877 – Urbain Le Verrier, French mathematician and astronomer (b. 1811)
• 1889 – Wilkie Collins, English author and playwright (b. 1824)
• 1900 – William Marsh Rice, American businessman, founded Rice University (b. 1816)
• 1913 – Donato Álvarez, Argentinian general (b. 1825)
• 1917 – Werner Voss, German lieutenant and pilot (b. 1897)
• 1928 – María Larraín de Vicuña, Chilean feminist writer
• 1929 – Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, Austrian-German chemist, physicist, and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865)
• 1939 – Sigmund Freud, Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist (b. 1856)
• 1940 – Hale Holden, American businessman (b. 1869)
• 1940 – Marcel Van Crombrugge, Belgian rower (b. 1880)
• 1943 – Salvo D'Acquisto, Italian soldier (b. 1920)
• 1943 – Elinor Glyn, English author, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1864)
• 1944 – Jakob Schaffner, Swiss author (b. 1875)
• 1950 – Sam Barry, American basketball player and coach (b. 1892)
• 1951 – Yörük Ali Efe, Turkish warlord in the Ottoman Empire and an officer in the Turkish Army during the Turkish War of Independence (b. 1895)
• 1958 – Jacob Nicol, Canadian lawyer, publisher, and politician (b. 1876)
• 1967 – Stanislaus Zbyszko, Polish wrestler and strongman (b. 1879)
• 1968 – Pio of Pietrelcina, Italian priest and saint (b. 1887)
• 1970 – Bourvil, French actor and singer (b. 1917)
• 1971 – James Waddell Alexander II, American mathematician and topologist (b. 1888)
• 1971 – Billy Gilbert, American actor and singer (b. 1894)
• 1973 – Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1904)
• 1974 – Cliff Arquette, American actor and singer (b. 1905)
• 1974 – Robbie McIntosh, Scottish drummer (Average White Band and The Senate) (b. 1950)
• 1978 – Lyman Bostock, American baseball player (b. 1950)
• 1979 – Catherine Lacey, English actress (b. 1904)
• 1981 – Chief Dan George, Canadian actor, author, and poet (b. 1899)
• 1987 – Bob Fosse, American actor, dancer, choreographer, and director (b. 1927)
• 1988 – Tibor Sekelj, Hungarian-Serbian explorer and author (b. 1912)
• 1992 – Ivar Ivask, Estonian poet and scholar (b. 1927)
• 1992 – Glendon Swarthout, American author (b. 1918)
• 1992 – James Van Fleet, American general (b. 1892)
• 1993 – William Cort, American actor (b. 1936)
• 1994 – Jerry Barber, American golfer (b. 1916)
• 1994 – Robert Bloch, American author (b. 1917)
• 1994 – Madeleine Renaud, French actress (b. 1900)
• 1997 – Natalie Savage Carlson, American author (b. 1906)
• 1998 – Ray Bowden, English footballer (b. 1909)
• 1998 – Mary Frann, American actress (b. 1943)
• 1999 – Ivan Goff, Australian-American screenwriter and producer (b. 1910)
• 2000 – Aurelio Rodríguez, Mexican baseball player and manager (b. 1947)
• 2000 – Carl Rowan, American journalist and author (b. 1925)
• 2001 – Ron Hewitt, Welsh footballer (b. 1928)
• 2002 – Vernon Corea, Sri Lankan-English radio host (b. 1927)
• 2003 – Zubayr Al-Rimi, Saudi Arabian terrorist (b. 1974)
• 2003 – Yuri Senkevich, Russian physician and journalist (b. 1937)
• 2004 – André Hazes, Dutch singer (b. 1951)
• 2004 – Billy Reay, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach (b. 1918)
• 2005 – Roger Brierley, English actor (b. 1935)
• 2005 – Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, Puerto Rican activist (b. 1933)
• 2006 – Malcolm Arnold, English trumpet player and composer (b. 1921)
• 2006 – Etta Baker, American singer and guitarist (b. 1913)
• 2008 – Peter Leonard, Australian journalist (b. 1942)
• 2008 – Loren Pope, American journalist (b. 1910)
• 2009 – Paul B. Fay, American sailor and politician, United States Secretary of the Navy (b. 1918)
• 2009 – Ertuğrul Osman, Imperial Prince (or Shahzada) of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1912)
• 2010 – Malcolm Douglas, Australian television host (b. 1941)
• 2010 – Teresa Lewis, American murderer (b. 1969)
• 2012 – Henry Champ, Canadian journalist and academic (b. 1937)
• 2012 – Pavel Grachev, Russian general and politician, 1st Minister of Defence for Russia (b. 1948)
• 2012 – Godfrey Milton-Thompson, English admiral (b. 1930)
• 2012 – Roberto Rodríguez, Venezuelan baseball player and coach (b. 1941)
• 2012 – Corrie Sanders, South African boxer (b. 1966)
• 2012 – Sam Sniderman, Canadian businessman, founded Sam the Record Man (b. 1920)
• 2012 – Maths O. Sundqvist, Swedish businessman (b. 1950)
• 2013 – Abdel Hamid al-Sarraj, Syrian colonel and politician (b. 1925)
• 2013 – Gil Dozier, American captain, lawyer, and politician (b. 1934)
• 2013 – Anthony Hawkins, Australian actor (b. 1932)
• 2013 – Paul Kuhn, German singer, pianist, and bandleader (b. 1928)
• 2013 – Gia Maione, American singer (b. 1941)
• 2013 – Vlatko Marković, Croatian footballer and manager (b. 1937)
• 2013 – Ruth Patrick, American botanist and immunologist (b. 1907)
• 2014 – A. W. Davis, American basketball player and coach (b. 1943)
• 2014 – Irven DeVore, American anthropologist and biologist (b. 1934)
• 2014 – Don Manoukian, American football player and wrestler (b. 1934)
• 2014 – Al Suomi, American ice hockey player (b. 1913)
• 2014 – John Toner, American football player and coach (b. 1923)

'Happy Birthday' ruled out of copyright

Image copyrightUniversity of Louisville

The company collecting royalties to "Happy Birthday To You" does not hold a valid copyright to the song, a US federal judge has ruled. 

Warner/Chappell acquired the copyright - which was originally filed in 1935 - in 1988.

But Judge George King ruled that the original copyright was only granted for specific arrangements of the music, not the song itself. 

The tune was composed by two Kentucky sisters in 1893.

Mildred and Patty Hill called their version Good Morning To All, which later evolved into the version popular at birthday parties around the world.

The case against Warner/Chappell was launched in 2013 by Rupa Marya and Robert Siegel, who are making a film about the song. 

The music publisher asked for $1,500 (£970) for the right to use "Happy Birthday To You" in the film.

Ms Marya and Mr Siegel argued the song was in the public domain and should not be subject to copyright fees.

Judge King ruled that Summy had never acquired copyright to the song's words.

"The Hill sisters gave Summy Co the rights to the melody, and the rights to piano arrangements based on the melody, but never any rights to the lyrics," he said.

The rights to the song were eventually purchased by Warner/Chappell for $25m (£16m) when they bought a successor company to Summy in the 1980s. 

Warner/Chappell has made around $2m a year from royalty payments whenever the song is used in a film, television episode, advertisement or other public performance.

"We are looking at the court's lengthy opinion and considering our options," Warner/Chappell said, after the ruling was announced.

• 1180 – Manuel I Komnenos, last Emperor of the Komnenian restoration dies. The Byzantine Empire slips into terminal decline.
• 1645 – Battle of Rowton Heath, Parliamentarian victory over a Royalist army commanded in person by King Charles
• 1664 – The Dutch Republic surrenders New Amsterdam to England.
• 1674 – Second Tantrik Coronation of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.
• 1780 – Benedict Arnold flees to British Army lines when the arrest of British Major John André exposes Arnold's plot to surrender West Point.
• 1789 – The United States Congress passes the Judiciary Act which creates the office of the United States Attorney General and the federal judiciary system, and orders the composition of the Supreme Court of the United States.
• 1830 – Belgian Revolution: A revolutionary committee of notables forms the Provisional Government of Belgium.
• 1841 – The Sultan of Brunei cedes Sarawak to the United Kingdom.
• 1846 – Mexican–American War: General Zachary Taylor captures Monterrey.
• 1852 – The first airship powered by (a steam) engine, created by Henri Giffard, travels 17 miles (27 km) from Paris to Trappes.
• 1853 – Admiral Despointes formally takes possession of New Caledonia in the name of France.
• 1869 – "Black Friday": Gold prices plummet after Ulysses S. Grant orders the Treasury to sell large quantities of gold after Jay Gould and James Fisk plot to control the market.
• 1873 – Establishment of "Satyashodhak Samaj", (Truth-seeker Movement) at Pune, Maharashtra, India by Mahatma Jyotirao Phule.
• 1877 – Battle of Shiroyama, decisive victory of the Imperial Japanese Army over the Satsuma Rebellion
• 1890 – The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints officially renounces polygamy.
• 1906 – U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt proclaims Devils Tower in Wyoming as the nation's first National Monument.
• 1911 – His Majesty's Airship No. 1, Britain's first rigid airship, is wrecked by strong winds before her maiden flight at Barrow-in-Furness.
• 1914 – World War I: The Siege of Przemyśl (present-day Poland) begins.
• 1932 – Gandhi and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar agree to the Poona Pact, which reserved seats in the Indian provincial legislatures for the "Depressed Classes" (Untouchables).
• 1935 – Earl Bascom and Weldon Bascom produce the first rodeo ever held outdoors under electric lights at Columbia, Mississippi
• 1946 – Cathay Pacific Airways is founded in Hong Kong.
• 1946 – Clark Clifford and George Elsey, military advisers to U.S. President Harry S. Truman, present him with a top-secret report on the Soviet Union that first recommends the containment policy.
• 1948 – The Honda Motor Company is founded.
• 1950 – Forest fires black out the sun over portions of Canada and New England. A blue moon is seen as far away as Europe.
• 1957 – Camp Nou, the largest stadium in Europe, is opened in Barcelona.
• 1957 – President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends 101st Airborne Division troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, to enforce desegregation.
• 1960 – USS Enterprise, the world's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, is launched.
• 1962 – United States court of appeals orders the University of Mississippi to admit James Meredith.
• 1968 – 60 Minutes debuts on CBS.
• 1968 – Swaziland joins the United Nations.
• 1972 – Japan Airlines Flight 472, operated Douglas DC-8-53 landed at Juhu Aerodrome instead of Santacruz Airport in Bombay, India.
• 1973 – Guinea-Bissau declares its independence from Portugal.
• 1975 – Dougal Haston and Doug Scott on the Southwest Face expedition become the first people to reach the summit of Mount Everest by any of its faces.
• 1979 – CompuServe launches the first consumer internet service, which features the first public electronic mail service.
• 1982 – The Wimpy Operation, first act of resistance against Israeli troops in Beirut
• 1990 – Periodic Great White Spot is observed on Saturn.
• 1993 – The Cambodian monarchy is restored, with Norodom Sihanouk as king.
• 1996 – Representatives of 71 nations sign the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty at the United Nations.
• 2005 – Hurricane Rita makes landfall in the United States, devastating Beaumont, Texas and portions of southwestern Louisiana.
• 2007 – Between 30,000 and 100,000 people take part in anti-government protests in Yangon, Burma, the largest in 20 years.
• 2009 – The G20 summit begins in Pittsburgh with 30 global leaders in attendance. It marks the first use of LRAD in U.S. history.
• 2013 – A 7.7-magnitude earthquake strikes southern Pakistan, killing more than 327 people.
• 2014 – The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), a Mars orbiter launched into Earth orbit by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), successfully inserted into orbit of Mars.

Births[edit]

• 15 – Vitellius, Roman emperor (d. 69)
• 936 – 'Adud al-Dawla, Buyid king (d. 983)
• 1301 – Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford, English soldier (d. 1372)
• 1501 – Gerolamo Cardano, Italian mathematician, physician, and astrologer (d. 1576)
• 1513 – Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. 1535)
• 1564 – William Adams, English sailor and navigator (d. 1620)
• 1577 – Louis V, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1626)
• 1583 – Albrecht von Wallenstein, Bohemian general (d. 1634)
• 1625 – Johan de Witt, Dutch mathematician and politician (d. 1672)
• 1667 – Jean-Louis Lully, French composer (d. 1688)
• 1705 – Count Leopold Joseph von Daun, Austrian field marshal (d. 1766)
• 1717 – Horace Walpole, English historian, author, and politician (d. 1797)
• 1755 – John Marshall, American captain, jurist, and politician, 4th United States Secretary of State (d. 1835)
• 1761 – F.L.Æ. Kunzen, German-Danish composer and conductor (d. 1817)
• 1796 – Antoine-Louis Barye, French sculptor (d. 1875)
• 1801 – Mikhail Ostrogradsky, Ukrainian-Russian mathematician and physicist (d. 1862)
• 1802 – Adolphe d'Archiac, French paleontologist and geologist (d. 1868)
• 1817 – Ramón de Campoamor y Campoosorio, Spanish poet and philosopher (d. 1901)
• 1829 – Charles S. West, American jurist and politician, Secretary of State of Texas (d. 1885)
• 1845 – Nikolai Anderson, Estonian philologist and author (d. 1905)
• 1858 – Eugene Foss, American politician, 45th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1939)
• 1859 – Julius Klengel, German cellist and composer (d. 1933)
• 1861 – Bhikaiji Cama, Indian activist (d. 1936)
• 1870 – Georges Claude, French chemist and engineer, invented Neon lighting (d. 1960)
• 1871 – Lottie Dod, English tennis player, golfer, and archer (d. 1960)
• 1872 – Jaan Teemant, Estonian lawyer and politician, 7th State Elder of Estonia (d. 1941)
• 1878 – Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz, Swiss author and poet (d. 1947)
• 1880 – Sarah Knauss, American super-centenarian (d. 1999)
• 1882 – Max Decugis, French tennis player (d. 1978)
• 1883 – Franklin Clarence Mars, American businessman, founded Mars, Incorporated (d. 1934)
• 1883 – Lawson Robertson, Scottish-American high jumper (d. 1951)
• 1884 – Gustave Garrigou, French cyclist (d. 1963)
• 1884 – İsmet İnönü, Turkish general and statesman, who served as the second President of Turkey (d. 1973)
• 1884 – Hugo Schmeisser, German weapons designer (d. 1953)
• 1885 – Artur Lemba, Estonian pianist, composer, and educator (d. 1963)
• 1890 – Mike González, Cuban baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1977)
• 1890 – A. P. Herbert, English author and playwright (d. 1971)
• 1892 – Adélard Godbout, Canadian agronomist and politician, 15th Premier of Québec (d. 1956)
• 1893 – Blind Lemon Jefferson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1929)
• 1894 – Tommy Armour, Scottish-American golfer (d. 1968)
• 1894 – Billy Bletcher, American actor, singer, and screenwriter (d. 1979)
• 1895 – André Frédéric Cournand, French physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)
• 1896 – F. Scott Fitzgerald, American novelist and short story writer (d. 1940)
• 1898 – Howard Florey, Australian pharmacologist and pathologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968)
• 1898 – Charlotte Moore Sitterly, American astronomer (d. 1990)
• 1899 – William Dobell, Australian painter (d. 1970)
• 1900 – Ham Fisher, American cartoonist (d. 1955)
• 1902 – Ruhollah Khomeini, Iranian religious leader and politician, 1st Supreme Leader of Iran (d. 1989)
• 1905 – Johannes Käbin, Estonian politician (d. 1999)
• 1905 – Severo Ochoa, Spanish–American physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
• 1906 – Leonard Marsh, Canadian sociologist and educator (d. 1982)
• 1906 – Józef Nawrot, Polish footballer
• 1907 – Ben Oakland, American pianist, composer, and songwriter (d. 1979)
• 1908 – Renee Roberts, English actress (d. 1996)
• 1909 – Gerard Antoni Ciołek, Polish historian and architect (d. 1966)
• 1910 – Jean Servais, Belgian-French actor (d. 1976)
• 1911 – Konstantin Chernenko, Russian politician (d. 1985)
• 1912 – Don Porter, American actor (d. 1997)
• 1912 – Robert Lewis Taylor, American author (d. 1998)
• 1913 – Herb Jeffries, American singer and actor (d. 2014)
• 1914 – John Kerr, Australian politician, 18th Governor-General of Australia (d. 1991)
• 1914 – Andrzej Panufnik, Polish pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1991)
• 1916 – Ruth Leach Amonette, American businesswoman (d. 2004)
• 1917 – Arthur W. Lehman, American euphonium player (d. 2009)
• 1917 – Doud Eisenhower, American son of Dwight D. Eisenhower (d. 1921)
• 1917 – Otto Günsche, Adolf Hitler's personal adjutant (d. 2003)
• 1918 – Audra Lindley, American actress (d. 1997)
• 1919 – Dayton Allen, American actor (d. 2004)
• 1919 – Jack Costanzo, American drummer and composer
• 1920 – Richard Bong, American soldier and pilot, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1945)
• 1920 – Jan Carew, Guyanese-American author, poet, and playwright (d. 2012)
• 1920 – Ovadia Yosef, Iraqi-Israeli rabbi and scholar (d. 2013)
• 1921 – Jim McKay, American sportscaster and journalist (d. 2008)
• 1921 – Sheila MacRae, English-American actress, singer, and dancer (d. 2014)
• 1922 – Ettore Bastianini, Italian opera singer (d. 1967)
• 1922 – Bert I. Gordon, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1922 – Cornell MacNeil, American opera singer (d. 2011)
• 1922 – Theresa Merritt, American actress and singer (d. 1998)
• 1922 – John Moffatt, English actor and playwright (d. 2012)
• 1923 – Louis Edmonds, American actor (d. 2001)
• 1923 – Fats Navarro, American trumpet player and composer (d. 1950)
• 1924 – Nina Bocharova, Ukrainian gymnast
• 1924 – Voula Zouboulaki, Egyptian-Greek actress
• 1925 – Autar Singh Paintal, Indian physiologist and academic (d. 2004)
• 1927 – Alfredo Kraus, Spanish tenor (d. 1999)
• 1927 – Arthur Malet, English-American actor and singer (d. 2013)
• 1929 – John Carter, American clarinet player, saxophonist, and flute player (d. 1991)
• 1929 – Edward M. Lawson, Canadian union leader and politician
• 1930 – Józef Krupiński, Polish poet (d. 1998)
• 1930 – Angelo Muscat, Maltese-English actor (d. 1977)
• 1930 – Benjamin Romualdez, Filipino politician (d. 2012)
• 1930 – John W. Young, American captain, engineer, and astronaut
• 1931 – Elizabeth Blackadder, Scottish painter
• 1931 – Cardiss Collins, American politician (d. 2013)
• 1931 – Brian Glanville, English journalist and author
• 1931 – Anthony Newley, English-American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1999)
• 1931 – Mike Parkes, English race car driver (d. 1977)
• 1932 – Dominique Michel, Canadian actress and singer
• 1932 – Miguel Montuori, Argentinian-Italian footballer and manager (d. 1998)
• 1932 – Walter Wallmann, German politician, Minister-President of Hesse (d. 2013)
• 1933 – Raffaele Farina, Italian cardinal
• 1933 – Mel Taylor, American drummer (The Ventures) (d. 1996)
• 1933 – Mendel Weinbach, Polish-Israeli rabbi (d. 2012)
• 1934 – Tommy Anderson, Scottish footballer and manager
• 1934 – John Brunner, English-Scottish author and screenwriter (d. 1995)
• 1934 – John-Roger Hinkins, American religious leader and author (d. 2014)
• 1934 – John Kasmin, English art dealer
• 1934 – Bernard Nevill, English painter, designer, and academic
• 1934 – Chick Willis, American singer and guitarist (d. 2013)
• 1934 – Manfred Wörner, German politician and diplomat, 7th Secretary General of NATO (d. 1994)
• 1934 – Donald Wrye, American film director, screenwriter and producer (d. 2015)
• 1935 – Sean McCann, Canadian actor
• 1936 – Sivanthi Adithan, Indian businessman (d. 2013)
• 1936 – Jim Henson, American puppeteer, director, producer and screenwriter, created The Muppets (d. 1990)
• 1938 – Steve Douglas, American saxophonist, flute player, and producer (The Wrecking Crew) (d. 1993)
• 1939 – Wayne Henderson, American trombonist and producer (The Crusaders) (d. 2014)
• 1940 – Yves Navarre, French author (d. 1994)
• 1941 – John Mackey, American football player (d. 2011)
• 1941 – Linda McCartney, American singer, photographer, and activist (Wings and Suzy and the Red Stripes) (d. 1998)
• 1942 – Danny, Finnish singer and guitarist
• 1942 – Gerry Marsden, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Gerry and the Pacemakers)
• 1944 – Eavan Boland, Irish poet
• 1944 – Diana Körner, German actress
• 1944 – Sven-Ole Thorsen, Danish bodybuilder, actor, and stuntman
• 1945 – Lou Dobbs, American journalist and author
• 1945 – John Rutter, English composer, conductor, and producer
• 1946 – Jerry Donahue, American guitarist and producer, (Fotheringay, Fairport Convention, The Electric Revelators, and the Hellecasters)
• 1946 – Joe Greene, American football player, coach, and actor
• 1946 – Lars Emil Johansen, Greenlandic politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Greenland
• 1946 – Uschi Obermaier, German model and actress
• 1946 – César Pedroso, Cuban pianist and songwriter (Los Van Van)
• 1946 – Pat Pocock, Welsh-English cricketer
• 1946 – María Teresa Ruiz, Chilean astronomer
• 1947 – Erik Hivju, Norwegian actor
• 1947 – Stephen Mueller, American painter (d. 2011)
• 1948 – Gordon Clapp, American actor and producer
• 1948 – Phil Hartman, Canadian-American actor, singer, and screenwriter (d. 1998)
• 1948 – Garth Porter, New Zealand-Australian singer-songwriter and producer (Sherbet)
• 1949 – Bill Connors, American guitarist (Return to Forever)
• 1950 – Mohinder Amarnath, Indian cricketer, coach, and sportscaster
• 1950 – Alan Colmes, American comedian and talk show host
• 1950 – John Kessel, American author, poet, and playwright
• 1950 – Harriet Walter, English actress
• 1950 – Kristina Wayborn, Swedish model and actress, Miss Sweden 1970
• 1951 – Douglas Kmiec, American scholar and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Malta
• 1952 – Dieter Hochheimer, German footballer and manager
• 1952 – Mark Sandman, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Morphine and Treat Her Right) (d. 1999)
• 1952 – Nikos Sergianopoulos, Greek actor (d. 2008)
• 1953 – Peter Halley, American painter
• 1954 – Helen Lederer, Welsh actress and screenwriter
• 1954 – Lilian Mercedes Letona, Salvadoran activist (d. 1983)
• 1954 – Marco Tardelli, Italian footballer and coach
• 1955 – Riccardo Illy, Italian businessman and politician, President of Friuli Venezia Giulia
• 1956 – Hubie Brooks, American baseball player
• 1957 – Brad Bird, American director, screenwriter, animator, producer and actor
• 1957 – Tod Howarth, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (707)
• 1957 – Wolfgang Wolf, German footballer and manager
• 1958 – Kevin Sorbo, American actor and producer
• 1959 – Theo Paphitis, Cypriot-English businessman
• 1959 – Steve Whitmire, American puppeteer, voice actor, and singer
• 1960 – Tony Juniper, English environmentalist and politician
• 1960 – Amy Sky, Canadian singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
• 1961 – Allen Bestwick, American sportscaster
• 1961 – Jack Dee, English comedian, actor, and screenwriter
• 1961 – Christopher Ludwig Eisgruber, American lawyer, 20th President of Princeton University
• 1961 – John Logan, American screenwriter and producer
• 1961 – Luc Picard, Canadian actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1962 – Rosamund Kwan, Hong Kong actress
• 1962 – Ally McCoist, Scottish footballer and manager
• 1962 – Mike Phelan, English footballer, coach, and manager
• 1962 – Tim Supple, English director and producer
• 1962 – Nia Vardalos, Canadian actress and screenwriter
• 1962 – Ilgvars Zalāns, Latvian painter
• 1963 – Ben Preston, English journalist
• 1964 – Rafael Palmeiro, Cuban-American baseball player
• 1964 – Marko Pomerants, Estonian politician, Estonian Minister of the Interior
• 1965 – Robert Irvine, English chef and television host
• 1965 – Njål Ølnes, Norwegian saxophonist (Dingobats)
• 1965 – Sean McNabb, American singer, bass player, and actor (Quiet Riot, Great White, Rough Cutt, House of Lords, and Dokken)
• 1965 – Janet Weiss, American drummer (Sleater-Kinney, Quasi, Stephen Malkmus and the Jicks, The Go-Betweens, and Wild Flag)
• 1966 – Stacy Galina, American actress
• 1966 – Bernard Gilkey, American baseball player
• 1966 – Stefan Molyneux, Irish-Canadian philosopher, author, and blogger
• 1966 – Michael O. Varhola, American journalist and author
• 1967 – Noreena Hertz, English economist, author, and academic
• 1967 – William So, Hong Kong singer and actor
• 1969 – Shawn Crahan, American drummer, songwriter, and producer (Slipknot, To My Surprise, and Dirty Little Rabbits)
• 1969 – Lisa Matthews, American model and actress
• 1969 – Christopher Pincher, English politician
• 1969 – Shamim Sarif, English author, director, and screenwriter
• 1969 – Paul Ray Smith, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 2003)
• 1969 – DeVante Swing, American singer-songwriter and producer (Jodeci)
• 1969 – Goya Toledo, Spanish model and actress
• 1969 – Megan Ward, American actress
• 1970 – Imre Tiidemann, Estonian pentathlete
• 1971 – Michael S. Engel, American paleontologist and entomologist
• 1971 – Mike Michalowicz, American businessman and author
• 1971 – Kevin Millar, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1971 – Peter Salisbury, English drummer (The Verve and Black Rebel Motorcycle Club)
• 1972 – Conor Burns, Irish politician
• 1972 – Kate Fleetwood, English actress
• 1973 – Eddie George, American football player and sportscaster
• 1973 – Rodrick Rhodes, American basketball player and coach
• 1974 – John McDonald, American baseball player
• 1975 – Taira Imata, Japanese actor
• 1975 – Kyle Turley, American football player and singer
• 1976 – Carlos Almeida, Angolan basketball player
• 1976 – Stephanie McMahon, American business executive, WWE Chief Brand Officer
• 1976 – Yakkun Sakurazuka, Japanese voice actress and singer (d. 2013)
• 1976 – Vahur Vahtramäe, Estonian footballer
• 1976 – Malinda Williams, American actress
• 1977 – Frank Fahrenhorst, German footballer and manager
• 1977 – Casey Rabach, American football player
• 1978 – Wietse van Alten, Dutch archer
• 1979 – Fábio Aurélio, Brazilian footballer
• 1979 – Justin Bruening, American actor
• 1979 – Georgios Georgiou, German-Greek footballer
• 1979 – Casey Johnson, American model, actress, and author (d. 2010)
• 1979 – Katja Kassin, German-American porn actress
• 1979 – Kim Jong-min, South Korean singer and actor (Koyote)
• 1979 – Ross Mathews, American comedian, actor, and talk show host
• 1979 – Jenny Platt, English actress
• 1980 – Daniele Bennati, Italian cyclist
• 1980 – Woranut Bhirombhakdi, Thai actress
• 1980 – Dean Canto, Australian race car driver
• 1980 – Sabrine Maui, Filipino porn actress
• 1980 – Petri Pasanen, Finnish footballer
• 1980 – Victoria Pendleton, English cyclist
• 1980 – John Arne Riise, Norwegian footballer
• 1981 – Ryan Briscoe, Australian race car driver
• 1981 – Drew Gooden, American basketball player
• 1981 – Fernanda Urrejola, Chilean actress
• 1982 – Morgan Hamm, American gymnast
• 1982 – Paul Hamm, American gymnast
• 1982 – Jeff Karstens, American baseball player
• 1983 – Liam Finn, Australian-New Zealand singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1983 – Randy Foye, American basketball player
• 1984 – Taylor Eigsti, American pianist and composer
• 1984 – Tyrone Maria, Curaçaoan footballer
• 1984 – Mickaël Poté, Beninese footballer
• 1985 – Eric Adjetey Anang, Ghanaian sculptor and carpenter
• 1985 – Eleanor Catton, Canadian-New Zealand author
• 1985 – Jessica Lucas, Canadian actress and singer
• 1986 – Leah Dizon, American-Japanese singer and model
• 1987 – Spencer Treat Clark, American actor
• 1987 – Matthew Connolly, English footballer
• 1987 – Senzo Meyiwa, South African footballer (d. 2014)
• 1987 – Gürhan Gürsoy, Turkish professional footballer
• 1988 – Karl Alzner, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1988 – Birgit Õigemeel, Estonian singer
• 1988 – Kyle Sullivan, American actor
• 1991 – Taichi Saotome, Japanese actor
• 1991 – Maximiliano Uggè, Italian footballer
• 1992 – Jack Sock, American tennis player
• 1997 – Malaya Watson, American singer

Deaths[edit]

• 366 – Pope Liberius (b. 352)
• 768 – Pepin the Short, Frankish king (b. 714)
• 1054 – Hermann of Reichenau, German composer, mathematician, and astronomer (b. 1013)
• 1120 – Welf II, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1072)
• 1143 – Agnes of Germany (b. 1072)
• 1143 – Pope Innocent II
• 1180 – Manuel I Komnenos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1118)
• 1218 – Robert of Knaresborough (b. 1160)
• 1228 – Stefan the First-Crowned, Serbian king (b. 1165)
• 1275 – Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, English politician, Lord High Constable of England (b. 1208)
• 1435 – Isabeau of Bavaria (b. 1370)
• 1494 – Poliziano, Italian poet and scholar (b. 1454)
• 1541 – Paracelsus, German-Swiss physician, botanist, and chemist (b. 1493)
• 1545 – Albert of Mainz, German cardinal (b. 1490)
• 1562 – Henry Grey, 4th Earl of Kent, English noblemen (b. 1495)
• 1605 – Manuel Mendes, Portuguese composer and educator (b. 1547)
• 1621 – Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, Polish commander (b. 1560)
• 1646 – Duarte Lobo, Portuguese composer (b. 1565)
• 1707 – Vincenzo da Filicaja, Italian poet (b. 1642)
• 1732 – Emperor Reigen of Japan (b. 1654)
• 1742 – Johann Matthias Hase, German mathematician, astronomer, and cartographer (b. 1684)
• 1802 – Alexander Radishchev, Russian author and critic (b. 1749)
• 1834 – Pedro I of Brazil (b. 1798)
• 1848 – Branwell Brontë, English painter, writer and poet (b. 1817)
• 1863 – William Debenham, English founder of Debenhams (b. 1794)
• 1889 – Charles Leroux, American balloonist and skydiver (b. 1856)
• 1892 – Patrick Gilmore, Irish-American soldier and composer (b. 1829)
• 1896 – Louis Gerhard De Geer, Swedish politician, 1st Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1818)
• 1904 – Niels Ryberg Finsen, Faroese-Danish physician and author, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1860)
• 1929 – Mahidol Adulyadej, Thai prince (b. 1892)
• 1930 – William A. MacCorkle, American lawyer and politician, 9th Governor of West Virginia (b. 1857)
• 1932 – Stuart Stickney, American golfer (b. 1877)
• 1933 – Ferdinand Bonn, German actor (b. 1861)
• 1933 – Mike Donlin, American baseball player and actor (b. 1878)
• 1933 – Alice Muriel Williamson, English author (b. 1869)
• 1936 – József Klekl, Slovene priest and journalist (b. 1879)
• 1938 – Lev Schnirelmann, Belarusian-Russian mathematician and academic (b. 1900)
• 1939 – Carl Laemmle, German-American film producer, founded Universal Studios (b. 1867)
• 1939 – Charles Tatham, American fencer (b. 1854)
• 1945 – Hans Geiger, German physicist and academic, co-invented the Geiger counter (b. 1882)
• 1947 – Andrew C. McLaughlin, American historian and author (b. 1861)
• 1948 – Warren William, American actor and singer (b. 1894)
• 1950 – Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1863)
• 1954 – Edward Pilgrim, English suicide victim (b. 1904)
• 1962 – Charles Reisner, American actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1887)
• 1973 – August Kippasto, Estonian-Australian wrestler and poet (b. 1887)
• 1973 – Josué de Castro, Brazilian physician, geographer, and activist (b. 1908)
• 1975 – Earle Cabell, American politician, Mayor of Dallas (b. 1906)
• 1976 – Philip Gbeho, Ghanaian composer and educator (b. 1904)
• 1978 – James Bassett, American journalist and author (b. 1912)
• 1978 – Hasso von Manteuffel, German general and politician (b. 1897)
• 1980 – Theodor Luts, Estonian-Brazilian director, producer, and cinematographer (b. 1896)
• 1981 – Patsy Kelly, American actress and singer (b. 1910)
• 1982 – Sarah Churchill, English actress and dancer (b. 1914)
• 1982 – Józef Nawrot, Polish footballer
• 1984 – Neil Hamilton, American actor (b. 1899)
• 1991 – Peter Bellamy, English singer-songwriter (The Young Tradition) (b. 1944)
• 1991 – Dr. Seuss, American author, poet, and illustrator (b. 1904)
• 1993 – Ian Stuart Donaldson, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Skrewdriver) (b. 1957)
• 1993 – Bruno Pontecorvo, Italian physicist and academic (b. 1913)
• 1994 – Barry Bishop, American mountaineer, photographer, and scholar (b. 1932)
• 1996 – Zeki Müren, Turkish singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1931)
• 1998 – Jeff Moss, American composer and screenwriter (b. 1942)
• 2002 – Youssouf Togoïmi, Chadian politician (b. 1953)
• 2002 – Mike Webster, American football player (b. 1952)
• 2003 – Rosalie Allen, American singer and radio host (b. 1924)
• 2003 – Lyle Bettger, American actor (b. 1915)
• 2004 – Françoise Sagan, French author and screenwriter (b. 1935)
• 2005 – Tommy Bond, American actor and singer (b. 1926)
• 2006 – Michael Ferguson, Irish politician (b. 1953)
• 2006 – Phil Latulippe, Canadian soldier and runner (b. 1909)
• 2008 – Oliver Crawford, American screenwriter and author (b. 1917)
• 2008 – Irene Dailey, American actress (b. 1920)
• 2008 – Uno Laht, Estonian KGB officer and poet (b. 1924)
• 2008 – Mickey Vernon, American baseball player and coach (b. 1918)
• 2009 – Nelly Arcan, Canadian author (b. 1975)
• 2009 – Susan Atkins, American murderer (b. 1948)
• 2010 – Olga C. Nardone, American actress (b. 1921)
• 2010 – Gennady Yanayev, Russian politician, Vice President of the Soviet Union (b. 1937)
• 2011 – Stephen Mueller, American painter (b. 1947)
• 2012 – Thilakan, Indian actor (b. 1935)
• 2012 – Pierre Adam, French cyclist (b. 1924)
• 2012 – Bruno Bobak, Polish-Canadian painter and educator (b. 1923)
• 2012 – Pedro Vázquez Colmenares, Mexican lawyer and politician, Governor of Oaxaca (b. 1934)
• 2013 – Paul Dietzel, American football player and coach (b. 1924)
• 2013 – Margaret Feilman, Australian architect (b. 1921)
• 2013 – Boris Karvasarsky, Ukrainian-Russian psychiatrist and author (b. 1931)
• 2013 – Anthony Lawrence, English-Hong Kong journalist and author (b. 1912)
• 2013 – Sagadat Nurmagambetov, Kazakh general and politician (b. 1924)
• 2013 – Paul Oliver, American football player (b. 1984)
• 2014 – Deborah Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (b. 1920)
• 2014 – Christopher Hogwood, English harpsichord player and conductor, founded the Academy of Ancient Music (b. 1941)
• 2014 – Carlotta Ikeda, Japanese-French dancer and choreographer (b. 1941)
• 2014 – Madis Kõiv, Estonian physicist, philosopher, and author (b. 1929)
• 2014 – Lily McBeth, American educator (b. 1934)